Self-adaptive adjusting device, anchor rod and rock-soil deformation monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive adjusting device, an anchor rod and a rock-soil deformation monitoring method, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering reinforcement. The self-adaptive adjusting device comprises n self-adaptive adjusting units, (n-1) first dowel bars and a second dowel bar, the self-adaptive adjusting unit comprises a first baffle, a second baffle and a sliding motion module. The self-adaptive adjusting device can conduct self-adaptive adjustment on anchoring force applied to the rock-soil body when the rock-soil body deforms due to expansion and the like, expansion deformation of the rock-soil body is not mechanically hindered, and the self-adaptive adjusting device can still play a role in reinforcing the rock-soil body continuously when the rock-soil body deforms due to expansion and the like within a certain range; the stability and safety of geotechnical engineering are guaranteed, the self-bearing capacity of the rock-soil body is allowed to be brought into play through the application of the self-adaptive adjusting device, the number of materials used for reinforcing the rock-soil body is reduced, and the structural strength of the materials used for reinforcing the rock-soil body is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geotechnical engineering reinforcement technology, and in particular to an adaptive adjustment device, anchor bolt, and method for monitoring geotechnical deformation. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of engineering facilities such as building construction, transportation engineering, and water conservancy projects, the corresponding research on geotechnical construction theory, technological development, and equipment manufacturing have been further expanded and upgraded. Faced with new problems and situations, an increasing number of new countermeasures have emerged.

[0003] In the field of geotechnical engineering, anchor bolt technology is widely used in the reinforcement of soil and rock masses. Depending on the specific engineering conditions, anchor bolts can serve functions such as suspension, assembly, and reinforcement. Specifically, in underground engineering, the use of anchor bolts can alter the stress state of the soil and rock mass, thereby strengthening and supporting the surrounding rock.

[0004] Recent research indicates that the process from deformation to instability and failure of soil and rock masses is a gradual and evolving one. Deformation within certain limits does not necessarily lead to failure, and soil and rock masses possess a certain self-supporting capacity under load. For example, in underground tunnel engineering, soil and rock masses have a certain bearing capacity, and this bearing capacity changes with deformation.

[0005] Therefore, how to leverage the self-supporting capacity of soil and rock within the safe deformation range has become a key focus in the field of geotechnical engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide an adaptive adjustment device, an anchor bolt, and a method for monitoring soil and rock deformation, so as to provide an anchor bolt with the ability to resist soil and rock deformation and ensure the stability and safety of geotechnical engineering.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution.

[0008] In a first aspect, this application provides an adaptive adjustment device applied to an anchor bolt body, the adaptive adjustment device comprising: n adaptive adjustment units, n-1 first force transmission rods and 1 second force transmission rod; n adaptive adjustment units are connected in series through n-1 first force transmission rods to form an adaptive adjustment assembly; the second force transmission rod is connected to the first adaptive adjustment unit in the adaptive adjustment assembly. The adaptive adjustment unit includes: a first baffle, a second baffle, and a sliding motion module; The first baffle is fixedly and sealed to the inner wall of the anchor rod body, the second baffle is movably and sealed to the inner wall of the anchor rod body, and the sliding motion module is movably and sealed to the inner wall of the anchor rod body; the sliding motion module is located between the first baffle and the second baffle and is connected to the second baffle. A flowable substance is provided within the space formed by the inner wall of the anchor rod, the first baffle, and the second baffle.

[0009] Optionally, the first baffle, the inner wall of the anchor rod body, and the front wall of the sliding motion module form a first sealed space, and the front wall of the sliding motion module, the side wall of the sliding motion module, and the second baffle form a second sealed space, wherein at least the first sealed space is provided with a flowable substance; A one-way valve is provided on the front wall of the sliding motion module. When the pressure in the first sealed space is greater than the pressure in the second sealed space, the flowable material in the first sealed space can flow into the second sealed space through the one-way valve.

[0010] Optionally, the adaptive adjustment device further includes a third baffle and a fourth baffle, which are respectively disposed at the front end and rear end of the anchor rod body; the adaptive adjustment component is disposed in the inner wall of the anchor rod body and the closed cavity formed by the third baffle and the fourth baffle. The second force transmission rod is movably inserted through the third baffle and connected to the first adaptive adjustment unit in the adaptive adjustment assembly; The second force transmission rod has a sleeve at one end located outside the closed cavity.

[0011] Optionally, the sidewall of the sliding motion module is an elastic component, and a plurality of support rods are provided inside the sliding motion module, with each support rod having its two ends connected to the front wall of the sliding motion module and the second baffle, respectively.

[0012] Optionally, four one-way valves are provided on the front wall of the sliding motion module.

[0013] Secondly, this application provides an adaptive adjusting anchor bolt, including the anchor bolt body and the aforementioned adaptive adjusting device.

[0014] Thirdly, this application provides a method for monitoring soil and rock deformation, wherein the method utilizes multiple adaptive adjusting anchors as described above, the multiple adaptive adjusting anchors being distributed at different locations within the study area, and the method includes: The displacement of the second force transmission rod of the adaptive adjustment anchor at each location within the study area relative to the initial layout is obtained as the observed displacement at each location. The observed displacement at each location is decomposed into displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface. Based on the displacement perpendicular to and parallel to the reinforced free surface at each location, a deformation risk warning is issued for each location.

[0015] Optionally, the formula for decomposing the observed displacement at each location into displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface is as follows: ; in, and Positions The displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and the displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface. For position The displacement of the second force transmission rod of the adaptive adjustment anchor at the location. To reinforce the angle between the free surface and the horizontal plane, To adaptively adjust the angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal plane.

[0016] Optionally, based on the displacement perpendicular to and parallel to the reinforced free surface at each location, a deformation risk warning is issued for each location, specifically including: Based on the displacement perpendicular to and parallel to the reinforced free surface at each location, the deformation index at each location is calculated using the following formula. ; in, For position The deformation index, and Positions The displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and the displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface. and These are the weighting coefficients. ; The deformation risk level at each location is determined based on the deformation index at each location.

[0017] Optionally, the deformation risk level at each location is determined based on the deformation index at each location, specifically including: when At that time, determine the location The deformation risk level is Level 1; among them, The maximum risk threshold; when At that time, determine the location The deformation risk level is level two; among them, Minimum risk threshold when At that time, determine the location The deformation risk level is level three.

[0018] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects.

[0019] This application provides an adaptive adjustment device, an anchor bolt, and a method for monitoring soil and rock deformation. The adaptive adjustment device includes: n adaptive adjustment units, n-1 first force transmission rods, and 1 second force transmission rod; the n adaptive adjustment units are connected in series through the n-1 first force transmission rods to form an adaptive adjustment assembly; the second force transmission rod is connected to the first adaptive adjustment unit in the adaptive adjustment assembly; the adaptive adjustment unit includes: a first baffle, a second baffle, and a sliding motion module; the first baffle is fixedly and sealed to the inner wall of the anchor bolt body, the second baffle is movably and sealed to the inner wall of the anchor bolt body, and the sliding motion module is movably and sealed to the inner wall of the anchor bolt body; the sliding motion module is located between the first baffle and the second baffle and is connected to the second baffle; a flowable material is disposed within the space formed by the inner wall of the anchor bolt body, the first baffle, and the second baffle. The adaptive adjustment device of this application can adaptively adjust the anchoring force applied to the soil and rock when the soil and rock undergo expansion or other deformation, rather than mechanically hindering the expansion and deformation of the soil and rock. Moreover, it can continue to play a reinforcing role on the soil and rock even when the soil and rock undergo expansion or other deformation within a certain range, ensuring the stability and safety of geotechnical engineering. The application of the adaptive adjustment device of this application also allows the soil and rock to play its own self-supporting capacity, saving the amount of materials and structural strength used for soil and rock reinforcement. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adaptive adjustment device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of an anchor rod body provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adaptive adjustment unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 The following is provided as an embodiment of this application:Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of N-N'; Figure 5 An axial cross-sectional stress analysis diagram of the sidewall of a sliding motion module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 Force analysis diagram of a sliding motion module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figures 7a-7e A state diagram of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit at positions z1-z5 when the liquid substance is provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 A force value change curve of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit when the liquid substance is provided in an embodiment of this application; Figures 9a-9e A state diagram of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit at positions z1-z5 when the gaseous substance is provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 A force value change curve of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit when the substance is in a gaseous state, as provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating a method for monitoring soil and rock deformation according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of adaptive adjustable anchor bolt reinforcement of soil and rock provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of adaptive adjustable anchor bolts for reinforcing soil and rock, provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Second force transmission rod; 2. Sleeve; 3. Outer wall of anchor rod body; 4. Third baffle; 5. Fourth baffle; 6. Inner wall of anchor rod body; 7. Front force transmission rod; 8. First baffle; 9. Front wall of sliding motion module; 10. One-way valve; 11. Support rod; 12. Second baffle; 13. Rear force transmission rod; 14. Free side of the internal space of sliding motion module; 15. Inner side of the side wall of sliding motion module; 16. Side wall of sliding motion module; 17. Section line. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Generally, in terms of anchor bolt design, engineers can innovate by designing the anchor bolt body, the anchor bolt tray, or the anchor bolt body-tray design. Based on the anchor bolt body structure, this application provides an adaptive adjustment device and anchor bolt, and further, based on the adaptive changes of the anchor bolt relative to soil and rock deformation, it enables the monitoring of soil and rock deformation. The adaptive adjustment device and anchor bolt of this application, while leveraging the inherent supporting capacity of the soil and rock mass, can autonomously adjust the pull-out force applied by the anchor bolt body according to the deformation of the soil and rock mass to adapt to the anchoring stress requirements of the reinforced soil and rock engineering. This not only improves the adaptability and accuracy of the anchor bolt in soil and rock reinforcement but also avoids the resource waste caused by the previous use of constant stress anchor bolts, saving soil and rock reinforcement costs and improving the economic and social benefits of anchor bolt use.

[0026] The adaptive adjustment device and anchor provided in this application can provide small pull-out force when the deformation of the rock and soil is small, and large pull-out force when the deformation of the rock and soil is large. This realizes the corresponding adaptive adjustment capability according to the safety status of the deformation of the rock and soil. The application of the device and anchor provided in this application can also give full play to the self-supporting capacity of the rock and soil, saving the amount of materials and structural strength used for the reinforcement of the rock and soil.

[0027] This application provides an adaptive adjustment device, anchor bolt, and method for monitoring soil and rock deformation, used for the reinforcement and support of soil and rock engineering. The pull-out force provided by this device can be automatically adjusted according to the deformation of the reinforced soil and rock, achieving not only adaptive and adjustable pull-out force but also automated and measurable soil and rock deformation. Because the pull-out force of the anchor bolt can be autonomously adjusted, it demonstrates adaptability to specific engineering conditions during use. It also provides a specific device and implementation method for targeted and refined reinforcement and measurement applications in soil and rock engineering, improving the scientific and economic aspects of anchor bolt reinforcement technology for soil and rock.

[0028] In one exemplary embodiment, an adaptive adjustment device is provided, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, it includes n adaptive adjustment units, n-1 first force transmission rods, and 1 second force transmission rod 1; the n adaptive adjustment units are connected in series through the n-1 first force transmission rods to form an adaptive adjustment assembly; the second force transmission rod 1 is connected to the first adaptive adjustment unit in the adaptive adjustment assembly; the adaptive adjustment unit includes: a first baffle 8, a second baffle 12, and a sliding motion module; the first baffle 8 is fixedly and sealed to the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body, and the second baffle 12 is movable to the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body. The sliding motion module is movably and sealed to the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body. The sliding motion module is located between the first baffle 8 and the second baffle 12 and is connected to the second baffle 12. A flowable material is provided in the space formed by the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body, the first baffle 8 and the second baffle 12. When the external rock and soil expand and deform, the sliding motion module drives the second baffle 12 to move, compressing the flowable material and increasing the compressive stress of the flowable material on the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body.

[0029] The working principle of the above-mentioned adaptive adjustment device is as follows: like Figure 2 As shown, during use, a pull-out force is applied to the second force transmission rod via a tray. The adaptive adjustment device is installed inside the anchor rod body, and grout is injected externally into the anchor rod body. When the external soil and rock expand and deform, the pull-out force applied to the second force transmission rod via the tray increases, causing the sliding motion modules of each adaptive adjustment unit and the second baffle to move, compressing the flowable material and increasing the compressive stress of the flowable material on the inner wall of the anchor rod body. This, in turn, increases the friction between each adaptive adjustment unit and the inner wall of the anchor rod body, while simultaneously decreasing the pull-out force applied to the second force transmission rod via the tray, until the pull-out force and friction reach a new equilibrium state. This allows the anchor rod body to continuously reinforce the soil and rock mass in this new equilibrium state. The pull-out force in the new equilibrium state is greater than the pull-out force when the anchor rod body was initially installed or greater than the pull-out force in the previous equilibrium state.

[0030] In another exemplary embodiment, the above-described adaptive adjustment device is specifically described as follows: like Figure 1 As shown, the entire anchor rod is divided into an anchoring section and a free section, with the length of the anchoring section being... L as The length of the free segment is L fsAfter the anchor rod is inserted into the drilled hole, grouting is performed to bond the outer wall 3 of the anchored section of the anchor rod to the reinforced soil and rock as a whole. The free section, however, is not intended to be connected to the soil and rock. Instead, a sleeve 2 is applied to the second force transmission rod 1 to allow it to transmit pull-out force and slide relatively freely, rather than being bonded to the soil and rock.

[0031] For the anchorage section, a third baffle 4 is installed at the left beginning of the anchorage section to prevent grout from entering the internal space of the anchor rod from the left end during grouting, and a fourth baffle 5 is installed at the right end of the anchorage section to prevent grout from entering the internal space of the anchor rod from the right end during grouting. The core part of the adaptive adjustment device (i.e., the aforementioned adaptive adjustment component) is located in the anchorage section of the anchor rod. This component consists of several adaptive adjustment units connected in series (from left to right, they are numbered 1, 2, ..., i, ..., n, for a total of n; n≥1, and n∈Z; 1≤i≤n, and i∈Z).

[0032] The structure of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3In the structure, the front force transmission rod 7 is the first force transmission rod connecting the i-th adaptive adjustment unit to the previous (i-1) adaptive adjustment unit, and the rear force transmission rod 13 is the first force transmission rod connecting the i-th adaptive adjustment unit to the next (i+1) adaptive adjustment unit. The position of the first baffle 8 relative to the inner wall 6 and outer wall 3 of the anchor rod body in the anchoring section is fixed, while the position of the second baffle 12 relative to the inner wall 6 and outer wall 3 of the anchor rod body in the anchoring section is dynamically variable. The relative position of the second baffle 12 to the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body in the anchoring section will change with factors such as the pull-out force provided by the front force transmission rod 7 and the frictional resistance generated by the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body in the anchoring section. The first baffle 8 and the second baffle 12 have good sealing performance with the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body in the anchoring section, thereby ensuring that the internal material of the space between the first baffle 8 and the second baffle 12 (i.e., the AEDF range) does not exchange with the external space. BEFCO is the sealed space (i.e., the second sealed space) within the sliding motion module of a single adaptive adjustment unit, while ABOCD is the first sealed space. This sliding motion module can move to the left (i.e., in the -z direction) along the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body of the anchoring section. A one-way valve 10 is installed on the front wall 9 of the sliding motion module, with the same number (e.g., 4) of one-way valves 10 on each sliding motion module, connecting the second sealed space BEFCO and the first sealed space, providing a favorable channel for material exchange between the two spaces. Connecting support rods 11 are installed inside the sliding motion module; each sliding motion module has a total of 4 support rods 11, whose function is to connect, support, and transmit force. The left side of the rear force transmission rod 13 is connected to the second baffle of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit, and the right side of the rear force transmission rod 13 is connected to the left side O of the sliding motion module of the (i+1)-th adaptive adjustment unit. The free side 14 of the internal space of the sliding motion module faces the interior of the sliding motion module. The inner side 15 of the side wall of the sliding motion module is adjacent to the inner side wall 6 of the anchor rod body of the anchoring section. The side wall 16 of the sliding motion module is located in the CF section of the sliding motion module. The side wall 16 of the sliding motion module has both toughness and elasticity. The contact surface between the inner side 15 of the side wall of the sliding motion module and the inner side wall 6 of the anchor rod body of the anchoring section has a certain degree of friction (the coefficient of friction is μ). i The compressive stress σ exerted by the material inside the sliding motion module (second sealed space) on the side wall 16 of the sliding motion module is... i .

[0033] Along Figure 3 The mid-section view is cut along section line 17 (at position N-N'), yielding the cross-section (N-N') of a single adaptive adjustment unit, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown. The thickness between the inner wall 6 and the outer wall 3 of the anchor rod body in the anchoring section is... a iThe thickness of the sidewall 16 of the sliding motion module is b. i r i1 It is the radius d of the outer wall 3 of the anchor rod body in the anchoring section. i1 The diameter of the outer wall 3 of the anchor rod body in the anchoring section is d. i1 =2r i1 r i2 It is the radius d of the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body in the anchoring section. i2 The diameter 6 is the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod body in the anchoring section, therefore d i2 =2r i2 r i3 It is the radius d of the free side 14 of the internal space of the sliding motion module. i3 It is the diameter of the free side 14 of the internal space of the sliding motion module, hence d i3 =2r i3 .

[0034] r i1 r i2 r i3 a i b i The relationship between them is: d i1 d i2 d i3 a i b i The relationship between them is: In another exemplary embodiment, when the soil and rock at the location of the anchor rod expand and deform, the pull-out force applied to the second force transmission rod 1 is greater than the frictional force between the adaptive adjustment unit and the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod. The second force transmission rod 1 drives the sliding motion module of each adaptive adjustment unit to move, compressing the flowable material within the adaptive adjustment unit, increasing the compressive stress between the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod and each adaptive adjustment unit, increasing the frictional force between the adaptive adjustment unit and the inner wall 6 of the anchor rod, and simultaneously reducing the pull-out force applied to the second force transmission rod through the tray, until the pull-out force and frictional force reach a new equilibrium state, allowing the anchor rod to continuously reinforce the soil and rock under this new equilibrium state. The adaptive adjustment device of this application can adjust the pull-out force of the anchor rod according to the expansion and deformation of the soil and rock, thereby adjusting the anchoring stress applied to the soil and rock by the anchor rod, ensuring the stability and safety of geotechnical engineering, as described in detail below: The stress analysis results of the axial section of the sidewall of the sliding motion module are as follows: Figure 5 As shown. Figure 5 middle, vi (t) Let t be the combined velocity of the transmission rod 7 and the sliding motion module before time t.

[0035] The axial contact surface length between the side wall 16 of the sliding motion module and the inner side wall 6 of the anchor rod body of the anchoring section is... Therefore, the contact area between the side wall 16 of the sliding motion module and the inner side wall 6 of the anchor rod body of the anchoring section is... for: The compressive stress exerted by the internal space material of the sliding motion module on the side wall 16 of the sliding motion module σ i Corresponding pressure F i for: When the side wall 16 of the sliding motion module moves at a speed v i (t) When moving to the left, the side wall 16 of the sliding motion module will experience frictional resistance to the right from the inner side wall 6 of the anchor rod body of the anchoring section. f iμ Then we have: .

[0036] Therefore: .

[0037] For the adaptive adjustment device of pull-out force of the anchor rod body after the production is completed. , , The value of the parameter is already determined and remains constant; therefore, in the above formula... These are key parameters for the adaptive adjustment of the anchor bolt body.

[0038] and The reason for the change is that when the current force transmission rod 7 drives the sliding motion module to move to the left (i.e., in the -z direction), The length remains unchanged, but the distance L between the sliding motion module and the first baffle 8 remains the same. i The length will decrease, causing the volume of the space AEDD to decrease (the material in the first sealed space ABOCD moves to the second sealed space BEFCO through the one-way valve 10), resulting in the compressive stress σ generated by the material in the second sealed space BEFCO on the side wall 16 of the sliding motion module. i Increase, which in turn causes frictional resistance f iμ The increase in frictional resistance To resist the external tension F applied to the front transmission rod 7 ipThis reduces or prevents the overall motion trend. Force analysis of the front transmission lever 7 and the sliding motion module is as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0039] For the front transmission rod 7 and the sliding motion module with mass m i According to Newton's second law and the relationship between acceleration and velocity: In the formula, Let be the acceleration of the sliding motion module of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit. for The speed of the sliding motion module of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit at time i.

[0040] Therefore, the frictional resistance that this adaptive adjustment unit can provide can be calculated as follows: Furthermore, by Figure 6 It allows for a clearer and more intuitive analysis of frictional resistance. An increase in [something] will lead to an overall acceleration. The decrease in speed will also affect its velocity. This brings about changes, which in turn hinder the overall leftward (i.e., -z direction) movement of the front transmission lever 7 and the sliding motion module.

[0041] If, within time dt, the distance that the front transmission rod 7 and the sliding motion module of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit move to the left (i.e., in the -z direction) is... ,but The expression is: The initial position of the front transmission rod 7 and the sliding motion module of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit is marked as 0, i.e. If from Start exercising at any time When the motion stops, the distance that the front transmission rod 7 of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit and the sliding motion module move to the left (i.e., in the -z direction) is... ,but for: When the front transmission rod 7 and the sliding motion module of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit are in Size of the AEDF space at time t. for: In the formula, This is the initial distance from the left end of the sliding motion module to the first baffle 8 (AD segment). For simplicity, this formula does not consider the structural volume of the front transmission rod 7 and the sliding motion module inside the AEDF space.

[0042] When the front transmission rod 7 and the sliding motion module of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit move to the time... At that time, the size of the AEDF space changes as follows : and Compared to time, Changes in AEDF space at time for: In the formula, That is Time to The distance traveled by the front transmission rod 7 and the sliding motion module of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit at time i.

[0043] Therefore, the work done by the frictional force of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit is: Therefore, the work done by the frictional resistance provided by the adaptive adjustment device can be calculated as follows: Meanwhile, the movement of the front transmission rod 7 of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit and the sliding motion module will cause changes in the size of the AEDF space. Therefore, the volume of matter inside the AEDF will also change.

[0044] In another exemplary embodiment, the matter within the AEDF space can be in different states, such as liquid or gas (under normal temperature and pressure conditions). The following analysis will focus on the liquid and gaseous states as examples.

[0045] The first type is an AEDF with a liquid interior (under normal temperature and pressure conditions).

[0046] Taking the i-th adaptive adjustment unit as an example, its state changes over time as follows: Figures 7a-7e As shown, Figures 7a-7e When the substances are in liquid state, the i-th adaptive adjustment unit is in z 1- State diagram at position z5.

[0047] The force change curve of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit in the liquid state is as follows: Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the arrows indicate the trend of force change, from 7a- Figure 7e and Figure 8It can also be seen that the force provided by positions z1-z4 is a constant value F. L1 The force provided at position z5 changes, with the force value changing from F. L1 Increase to F L2 The force then provided maintains F L2 Since it remains unchanged, it can be seen that at this time, the force change curve provided by the i-th adaptive adjustment unit exhibits the form and properties of a step function.

[0048] The second type is where the internal space of the AEDF is filled with gaseous substances (under normal temperature and pressure conditions).

[0049] Taking the i-th adaptive adjustment unit as an example, its state changes over time as follows: Figures 9a-9e As shown, Figures 9a-9e These are the state diagrams of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit at positions z1-z5 when the substance is in a gaseous state.

[0050] The force change curve of the i-th adaptive adjustment unit when the substance is in the gaseous state is as follows: Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the arrows indicate the trend of force change. Figures 9a-9e and Figure 10 As can be seen, before position z1, the front transmission rod 7 and the sliding motion module did not move, and the force provided was a constant value F. L1 The forward transmission lever 7 and the sliding motion module begin to move from position z1. The gas in the first sealed space ABOCD is compressed as the sliding motion module moves, increasing the gas pressure. At position z2, the gas pressure in the first sealed space ABOCD reaches the threshold of the one-way valve 10, causing it to open. The gas in the first sealed space ABOCD enters the second sealed space inside the sliding motion module, and the force provided is determined by F. L1 Increase to F L2 As the motion continues, the force provided by the i-th adaptive adjustment unit increases continuously from position z2 to position z5. At position z5, the gas within the space AEDF is completely compressed into a liquid state, after which the force provided by the i-th adaptive adjustment unit remains constant.

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment, an adaptive adjusting anchor bolt is provided, including the anchor bolt body and the adaptive adjusting device described in the above embodiment.

[0052] In another exemplary embodiment, a method for monitoring soil and rock deformation applies multiple adaptive adjusting anchors as described in the above embodiments, wherein the multiple adaptive adjusting anchors are distributed at different locations in the study area, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the soil and rock deformation monitoring method includes the following steps 101-103.

[0053] Step 101: Obtain the displacement of the second force transmission rod of the adaptive adjustment anchor at each location within the study area relative to the initial layout, and use it as the observed displacement at each location.

[0054] Step 102: Decompose the observed displacement at each location into displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface.

[0055] Step 103: Based on the displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and the displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface at each location, a deformation risk warning is issued for each location.

[0056] In another exemplary embodiment, the above method is specifically described below.

[0057] like Figure 12 As shown, let the angle between the free surface of the reinforced rock and soil mass and the horizontal plane be . , Adaptive adjustment anchor bolt The angle between it and the horizontal plane is , Adaptive adjustment anchor bolt Intersects the free surface of the solid at point Passing the point Draw a perpendicular line to the reinforced free surface, then pass through the point... Draw a perpendicular line to the plane of freedom, with the foot of the perpendicular being... Then the straight line Perpendicular to the reinforced free surface, straight line Also perpendicular to According to the geometric relations of triangles, we can obtain... Therefore, we have: Therefore, based on geometric relationships, the adaptive adjustment of the anchor bolt can be achieved. The displacement is: Then its displacement CZ perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and its displacement YZ along the reinforced free surface are respectively: Assume that adaptive adjustable anchors are used to reinforce the soil and rock mass of a slope in the field, employing a total of δ rows and λ columns (δ≥1, and δ∈Z; λ≥1, and m∈Z), totaling δ×λ adaptive adjustable anchors. Each adaptive adjustable anchor is numbered Ω. jk (j≤δ, and j∈Z; k≤λ, and k∈Z), its arrangement is as follows Figure 13 As shown. Therefore, the displacement of these adaptive adjusting anchors perpendicular to the reinforced free surface is... and displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface They are respectively: For reinforced rock and soil, the adaptive adjustment of the anchor rod's displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface... and displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface The changes also serve as a basis for judging the reinforcement effect. Therefore, adaptive adjustment anchor bolts can be used. Monitor the displacement and the corresponding and Calculations were performed, and the deformation field of the entire reinforced soil and rock mass was plotted based on the calculation results. Since the development of displacement in the vertical direction is more important than displacement along the free surface, it can be determined according to... and The combined values ​​(which need to consider the weights of displacement in both directions) divide the corresponding area into three warning levels: red, yellow, and blue. The red warning level (i.e., level one) indicates large deformation and a high level of danger, suggesting that monitoring should be strengthened and corresponding measures should be taken; the yellow warning level (i.e., level two) indicates that attention should be paid; and the blue warning level (i.e., level three) indicates a safe and stable state where no measures are needed.

[0058] In another exemplary embodiment, using the formula right and By combining these elements, we obtain the deformation index; where, For position The deformation index, and Positions The displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and the displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface. and These are the weighting coefficients. .

[0059] In another exemplary embodiment, by setting a threshold and Determine the risk level.

[0060] The above-mentioned determination of the deformation risk level at each location based on the deformation index specifically includes: when At that time, determine the location The deformation risk level is Level 1; among them, This is the maximum risk threshold.

[0061] when At that time, determine the location The deformation risk level is level two; among them, This is the minimum risk threshold.

[0062] when At that time, determine the location The deformation risk level is level three.

[0063] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0064] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An adaptive adjustment device, characterized in that, The adaptive adjustment device is applied to the anchor bolt body, and the adaptive adjustment device includes: n adaptive adjustment units, n-1 first force transmission rods and 1 second force transmission rod; n adaptive adjustment units are connected in series through n-1 first force transmission rods to form an adaptive adjustment assembly; the second force transmission rod is connected to the first adaptive adjustment unit in the adaptive adjustment assembly. The adaptive adjustment unit includes: a first baffle, a second baffle, and a sliding motion module; The first baffle is fixedly and sealed to the inner wall of the anchor rod body, the second baffle is movably and sealed to the inner wall of the anchor rod body, and the sliding motion module is movably and sealed to the inner wall of the anchor rod body; the sliding motion module is located between the first baffle and the second baffle and is connected to the second baffle. A flowable substance is provided within the space formed by the inner wall of the anchor rod, the first baffle, and the second baffle.

2. The adaptive adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first baffle, the inner sidewall of the anchor rod body, and the front wall of the sliding motion module form a first sealed space, and the front wall of the sliding motion module, the sidewall of the sliding motion module, and the second baffle form a second sealed space. At least the first sealed space is provided with a flowable substance. A one-way valve is provided on the front wall of the sliding motion module. When the pressure in the first sealed space is greater than the pressure in the second sealed space, the flowable material in the first sealed space can flow into the second sealed space through the one-way valve.

3. The adaptive adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive adjustment device further includes a third baffle and a fourth baffle, which are respectively disposed at the front end and the rear end of the anchor rod body; the adaptive adjustment component is disposed in the inner wall of the anchor rod body and the closed cavity formed by the third baffle and the fourth baffle. The second force transmission rod is movably inserted through the third baffle and connected to the first adaptive adjustment unit in the adaptive adjustment assembly; The second force transmission rod has a sleeve at one end located outside the closed cavity.

4. The adaptive adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sidewall of the sliding motion module is an elastic component, and multiple support rods are provided inside the sliding motion module. The two ends of each support rod are respectively connected to the front wall of the sliding motion module and the second baffle.

5. The adaptive adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front wall of the sliding motion module is equipped with four one-way valves.

6. An adaptive adjustable anchor bolt, characterized in that, It includes the anchor rod body and the adaptive adjustment device as described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. A method for monitoring soil and rock deformation, characterized in that, The soil and rock deformation monitoring method utilizes multiple adaptive adjustable anchors as described in claim 6, wherein the multiple adaptive adjustable anchors are distributed at different locations in the study area, and the soil and rock deformation monitoring method includes: The displacement of the second force transmission rod of the adaptive adjustment anchor at each location within the study area relative to the initial layout is obtained as the observed displacement at each location. The observed displacement at each location is decomposed into displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface. Based on the displacement perpendicular to and parallel to the reinforced free surface at each location, a deformation risk warning is issued for each location.

8. The method for monitoring soil and rock deformation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The formula for decomposing the observed displacement at each location into displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface is as follows: ； in, and Positions The displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and the displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface. For position The displacement of the second force transmission rod of the adaptive adjustment anchor at the location. To reinforce the angle between the free surface and the horizontal plane, To adaptively adjust the angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal plane.

9. The method for monitoring soil and rock deformation according to claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the displacements perpendicular to and parallel to the reinforced free surface at each location, deformation risk warnings are issued for each location, specifically including: Based on the displacement perpendicular to and parallel to the reinforced free surface at each location, the deformation index at each location is calculated using the following formula. ； in, For position The deformation index, and Positions The displacement perpendicular to the reinforced free surface and the displacement parallel to the reinforced free surface. and These are the weighting coefficients. ; The deformation risk level at each location is determined based on the deformation index at each location.

10. The method for monitoring soil and rock deformation according to claim 9, characterized in that, The deformation risk level at each location is determined based on the deformation index at each location, specifically including: when At that time, determine the location The deformation risk level is Level 1; among them, The maximum risk threshold; when At that time, determine the location The deformation risk level is level two; among them, The minimum risk threshold; when At that time, determine the location The deformation risk level is level three.

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