Flexible joint damping structure and tunnel lining structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a flexible joint damping structure and a tunnel lining structure, the flexible joint damping structure is arranged between multiple sections of tunnel linings, and the flexible joint damping structure comprises a spherical hinge structure, a spring structure and a fixing piece; the multi-section tunnel comprises linings, a waterproof layer and secondary linings, foam light soil is arranged between the secondary linings, and the foam light soil is arranged in the peripheral direction of the periphery of the spherical hinge structure; the spherical hinge structure and the spring structure are installed in the sleeve, and the spherical hinge structure comprises a ball body, a ball bowl and a filling damping layer arranged between the ball body and the ball bowl, wherein the ball body and the ball bowl are oppositely arranged. The spring structure comprises two pistons arranged oppositely and a conical spring. According to the tunnel structure, rotation in multiple directions can be conducted through the spherical hinge structure, so that the tunnel structure can adapt to fault dislocation of various types of faults at various angles, and the problems that a traditional tunnel cannot bear the fault dislocation easily, and shearing and torsion damage is caused are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more specifically, to a flexible joint vibration reduction structure and a tunnel lining structure. Background Technology

[0002] With economic development and social progress, tunnel construction is gradually shifting towards complex terrain. At the same time, it also faces the impact of complex natural factors, such as earthquake-induced stratum displacement, which can cause serious damage to the tunnel, such as cracking, collapse, and displacement. Therefore, it is considered to divide the tunnel that may be severely damaged into multiple segments and connect them with joints to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes.

[0003] In existing tunnel construction across active fault zones, the joint structures of some publicly disclosed tunnels crossing active fault zones have poor deformation adaptability and often only possess a single deformation capacity. In addition, the types of faults traversed by the tunnels vary, and there are fault displacements at different angles. The existing publicly disclosed joint structures are unable to withstand the shear and torsional damage caused by fault displacements. Furthermore, due to their poor deformation adaptability, they cannot withstand the tensile and compressive deformation of the lining caused by fault displacements, which can easily lead to tensile and compressive failure of the tunnel lining. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a flexible joint vibration reduction structure and a tunnel lining structure that can solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a flexible joint damping structure, which is disposed between multi-segment tunnel linings, the flexible joint damping structure comprising a ball joint structure, a spring structure, and a fixing member; During an earthquake, the ball joint structure is used to adapt to shear and torsional deformation caused by external loads through its own rotation, and the spring structure is used to adapt to axial deformation caused by external loads by driving the piston to extend and retract. The multi-segment tunnel includes a lining, a waterproof layer, and a secondary lining. Foamed lightweight soil is placed between the secondary lining sections, and the foamed lightweight soil is placed on the circumferential side of the ball-joint structure. The ball joint structure and the spring structure are installed in the sleeve, the sleeve includes two with opposite openings, and the lightweight foam is disposed between the end openings of the sleeve; The ball joint structure includes a sphere and a bowl disposed opposite to each other, and a damping layer disposed between the sphere and the bowl; The spring structure includes two pistons arranged opposite each other and a conical spring. The pistons are connected to both sides of the ball joint structure and are telescopically installed in the connecting component. The ball and the ball cup are respectively connected to the connecting platform. The conical spring is disposed between the connecting platform and the connecting component. The fastener includes a Y-shaped fastener connected to the outer end of the connecting component, the Y-shaped fastener extending from the sleeve and having its bifurcation embedded in the secondary lining.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, the bowl includes a bowl opening facing the side of the sphere, the sphere is connected to the connecting frustum via a connecting rod extending from the bowl opening, the bowl is located on the back side of the bowl opening and connected to the connecting frustum via a bowl seat, and the size of the bowl opening is smaller than the diameter of the sphere.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the connecting components include two, which are respectively disposed at both ends of the flexible joint shock-absorbing structure; The connecting component includes a connecting sleeve and a connecting seat. The connecting sleeve includes opposing insertion interfaces. One end of the piston is connected to the connecting frustum, and the other end is inserted into the opposing insertion interface and can extend and retract axially within the connecting sleeve.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the connector includes a connector base plate and a connector cone connected to the opposite outer side of the connector base plate. The connector base plate and the connector cone are integrally formed, and the root of the Y-shaped fastener is connected to the platform of the connector cone.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the conical spring includes a tapered section and a straight section. The tapered section corresponds to the portion of the piston that extends out of the connecting sleeve. The straight section is sleeved on the outside of the connecting sleeve. The pointed end of the tapered section abuts against the connecting platform, and the root of the straight section abuts against the connecting base plate.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the stiffness of the foamed lightweight soil and the stiffness of the filling damping layer are both less than the stiffness of the lining.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the piston includes a piston telescopic rod, a shock-absorbing spring, a rubber pad, a vent hole, and a piston wall, wherein the piston telescopic rod extends into the connecting sleeve through the opposing insertion interface; The piston extension rod is connected to a piston plate at its inlet end. One end of the shock-absorbing spring is connected to the piston plate, and the other end is connected to a spring plate. The rubber pad is disposed on the inner end of the connecting sleeve and is positioned opposite to the spring plate. The piston plate and the spring plate are respectively clearance-fitted with the piston wall, and the vent hole is provided on the side wall of the connecting sleeve near the rubber pad; A shock-absorbing pad is provided on the other side of the piston plate opposite to the shock-absorbing spring. The shock-absorbing pad is attached to the surface of the piston plate, or the shock-absorbing pad is separately provided from the piston plate. The shock-absorbing pad is fitted onto the piston telescopic rod, and the size of the shock-absorbing pad is larger than the size of the opposing insertion interface.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the connecting sleeve includes a plug-in plate located at the opposite end, the opposite plug-in interface includes a through-hole disposed at the center of the plug-in plate, and the piston telescopic rod is clearance-fitted with the through-hole.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the foamed lightweight soil is disposed around the periphery of the sleeve, including an outer foamed lightweight soil near the lining portion and an inner foamed lightweight soil disposed opposite to it. A back-adhesive self-adhesive rubber waterstop is disposed between the outer foamed lightweight soil and the waterproof layer, and a centrally embedded self-adhesive rubber waterstop is disposed on the inner side of the inner foamed lightweight soil relative to the radial inner side of the multi-segment tunnel.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a tunnel lining structure, which is constructed and formed in the surrounding rock, including a multi-segment tunnel and a flexible joint damping structure as described in any of the foregoing embodiments. The flexible joint damping structure includes multiple sets disposed between the multi-segment tunnel linings and located in the secondary lining, and the multiple sets of flexible joint damping structures are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the tunnel lining structure.

[0015] The flexible joint damping structure in this invention can rotate in multiple directions through a ball joint structure, thereby adapting to various types of faults and fault displacement at various angles, improving the problem that traditional tunnels cannot withstand the shear and torsional damage caused by fault displacement.

[0016] The conical spring with spring structure has the ability to expand and contract, and can withstand the tensile and compressive deformation of the lining caused by fault displacement, thus preventing tensile and compressive damage to the tunnel lining and meeting the requirements for large deformation.

[0017] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the ball joint structure, spring structure, and fastener of this application; Figure 2 A side view of the installation of the flexible joint vibration damping structure; Figure 3 A front view installation diagram of a flexible joint vibration damping structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the piston's installation structure in the connecting sleeve. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a flexible joint vibration reduction structure in a tunnel.

[0020] icon: 1-Surrounding rock; 2-Primary lining; 3-Waterproof layer; 4-Secondary lining; 5-Flexible joint; 51-Spherical hinge structure; 511-Spherical cup; 5111-Spherical cup opening; 512-Spherical body; 513-Infill damping layer; 514-Connecting rod; 515-Spherical cup seat; 52-Spring structure; 521-Conical spring; 522-Piston; 5221-Piston telescopic rod; 5222-Piston wall; 5223-Shock-absorbing spring; 5224-Ventilation hole; 5225-Rubber pad; 5226-Shock-absorbing pad; 5227-Piston plate; 5228-Spring plate; 53-Connecting components; 54 - Connecting frustum; 55-Y type fastener; 56-Connecting sleeve; 561-Plug-in plate; 562-Opposite plug-in interface; 57-Connector; 571-Connector base plate; 572-Connector cone; 6-Sleeve; 7- Self-adhesive rubber waterstop with backing; 8- Embedded self-adhesive rubber waterstop; 9-Foamed lightweight soil. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "inner" and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "setup" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] The flexible joint damping structure in this application is specifically a flexible joint damping structure for tunnels traversing active faults, mainly used to mitigate tunnel damage caused by active fault displacement during earthquakes.

[0025] The flexible joint vibration reduction structure in this invention mainly integrates a modular vibration reduction joint with multi-dimensional rotational adaptation, bi-directional axial buffering, construction process protection, and active graded energy release, so as to systematically overcome the defects of traditional joints such as poor longitudinal deformation adaptability, susceptibility to construction, weak waterproofing, and difficulty in coping with composite loads.

[0026] See Figure 1 and combined Figures 2-5 The flexible joint damping structure in this application is applied between the linings of multi-segment tunnels that cross active faults, specifically between the secondary linings 4 of adjacent multi-segment tunnels, forming a damping module with composite deformation capability.

[0027] The main body of the flexible joint damping structure includes a ball joint structure 51, a spring structure 52, and a fixing component.

[0028] During an earthquake, the ball joint structure 51 is used to adapt to the shear and torsional deformation caused by external loads by rotating itself, and the spring structure 52 is used to adapt to the axial deformation caused by external loads by driving the piston 522 to extend and retract. The multi-segment tunnel includes a primary lining 2, a waterproof layer 3, and a secondary lining 4. The waterproof layer 3 serves as the main waterproofing component and primarily provides waterproofing.

[0029] Foamed lightweight soil 9 is provided between the secondary linings 4, and the foamed lightweight soil 9 is provided on the outer circumferential direction of the ball hinge structure 51.

[0030] The ball joint structure 51 in this application can bear the rotation angle, bending moment and vertical shear force brought about by external loads through its relative rotation between adjacent tunnel segments.

[0031] The extension and retraction of the spring structure 52 can adapt to the axial tensile and compressive deformation caused by fault displacement, while the waterproof layer 3 and the waterstop can effectively prevent water leakage.

[0032] The mechanism of the flexible joint damping structure in this application is that, in the fault zone where the tunnel passes through, the tunnel is divided into sections, and a flexible joint damping structure is used between the tunnel linings of multiple sections.

[0033] During an earthquake, tunnels passing through faults are subjected to the combined effects of fault displacement and ground motion. The ball joint structure 51 adapts to the shear and torsional deformation caused by external loads through its own rotation, while the spring structure 52 generates corresponding expansion and contraction, driving the piston 522 to expand and contract, thereby adapting to the axial deformation caused by external loads.

[0034] Because the stiffness of the foamed lightweight soil 9 between the secondary linings 4 in this application is less than that of the lining, it is more likely to fail under fault displacement and strong vibration. The flexible joint 5 ball hinge structure 51 can undergo torsion or axial deformation, and the spring structure 52 can undergo tensile, compressive and telescopic deformation, actively deforming and dissipating energy, thereby reducing the damage of seismic action to the tunnel lining.

[0035] This application achieves the purpose of releasing energy and adapting to tunnel fault displacement through active deformation. With the flexible joint damping structure, the lining segments can not only undergo corresponding rotation and shear displacement, but also generate corresponding axial relative displacement, which can be used to reduce tunnel lining damage caused by various types of fault displacement.

[0036] From the perspective of further energy release mechanism, the ball joint structure 51 releases the energy of shear or torsional deformation by rotation, which can cause the lining structure on both sides of the joint to generate relative torsion, converting the rigid misalignment force into the rotational displacement of the ball joint, avoiding the lining from bearing excessive shear and torsional stress due to forced fixation, and dispersing the concentrated force brought about by misalignment and ground vibration.

[0037] The spring structure 52 releases the energy of axial deformation through extension and retraction. The extension and retraction of the conical spring 521 will drive the piston 522 to slide axially inside the cavity of the connecting sleeve 56 of the shock-absorbing structure, converting the axial displacement of the fault into the elastic deformation energy of the conical spring 521. The elastic restoring force of the conical spring 521 will buffer the impact force of the displacement and prevent the lining from cracking due to forced stretching or compression.

[0038] The ball joint structure 51 is responsible for releasing displacement in the lateral and torsional directions, while the spring structure 52 is responsible for buffering axial forces. It decomposes the concentrated and rigid destructive forces of fault slip and earthquake into the relative motion of moving parts and the deformation of elastic parts, allowing energy to be dispersed and buffered through rotation and expansion, ultimately reducing the damage to the lining.

[0039] The main structure of each set of flexible joint damping structures is installed in the sleeve 6. The sleeve 6 includes two with opposite openings. Foamed lightweight soil 9 is placed between the end openings of the sleeve 6. The two oppositely arranged sleeves 6 are respectively connected between adjacent tunnel segments.

[0040] The sleeve 6 covers the ball hinge structure 51 and the spring structure 52 to prevent the concrete from fixing the conical spring 521 and the ball hinge during pouring, so as to ensure the mobility of the flexible joint 5 during tunnel operation.

[0041] During an earthquake, foamed lightweight soil 9, whose stiffness is less than that of the lining, is more likely to fail under fault displacement and strong vibration.

[0042] From the perspective of the main components of the ball joint structure 51 and the spring structure 52, the ball joint structure 51 includes a ball 512 and a ball cup 511 arranged opposite to each other, and a filling damping layer 513 disposed between the ball 512 and the ball cup 511.

[0043] The ball joint structure 51 can convert the randomly oriented transverse shear force and torsional moment generated by earthquakes or fault displacements into relative angular displacements within the structure through the multi-degree-of-freedom rotation of the ball 512 within the ball bowl 511. This releases the rigid shear force and torque acting on the tunnel lining, preventing shear cracking or torsional failure of the lining.

[0044] The damping layer 513 is typically composed of materials such as butyl rubber, natural rubber, and lightweight concrete. Its main function is to meet the shear and torsional deformation of the tunnel in various directions under fault displacement through the ball joint structure 51.

[0045] Meanwhile, the damping layer 513 is mainly used to meet the static bearing capacity of the tunnel during the current operation period, ensuring that the tunnel segments do not rotate or shear during operation. At the same time, the stiffness of the damping layer 513 is significantly less than that of the lining, so that the damping layer 513 and the foamed lightweight soil 9 will be destroyed preferentially during fault displacement, allowing the ball hinge structure 51 to deform in all directions and reduce the impact of fault displacement.

[0046] The spring structure 52 includes two pistons 522 arranged opposite to each other and a conical spring 521. The pistons 522 are connected to both sides of the ball joint structure 51 and are telescopically mounted in the connecting part 53. In terms of axial deformation angle, the two pistons 522 can generate axial telescopic movement on both sides of the ball joint structure 51 under the action of the two conical springs 521. At the same time, from the perspective of relative engagement, the pistons 522 can fix the telescopic movement of the conical springs 521 in the horizontal direction and prevent shear displacement.

[0047] The piston 522 is located on the radial inner side of the conical spring 521, which can fix the conical spring 521 in a static state and prevent the conical spring 521 from being misaligned and damaged.

[0048] From the relative engagement angle of the ball joint structure 51 and the spring structure 52, the ball 512 and the ball cup 511 are respectively connected to the connecting frustum 54, which is mainly used for the contact of the conical spring 521.

[0049] Specifically, the conical spring 521 is disposed between the connecting frustum 54 and the connecting component 53. The connecting component 53 is fixed in the secondary lining 4 by a fastener, which enables the connecting component 53 and the secondary lining 4 to be fixedly connected as a whole. Thus, the relative movement of the ball joint structure 51 and the spring structure 52 can release the seismic energy of shear deformation, torsional deformation and axial deformation between adjacent tunnel segments.

[0050] The fasteners include Y-shaped fasteners 55 connected to the outer end of the connecting component 53. The Y-shaped fasteners 55 extend from the sleeve 6 and can be firmly embedded in the secondary linings 4 on both sides, forming a reliable force transmission anchor point to ensure the fixation of the flexible joint shock absorption structure. At the same time, the connecting component 53 and the sleeve 6 are in a fixed connection relationship to strengthen the fixation of the main structure.

[0051] The Y-shaped bifurcation design increases the contact and interlocking area with the secondary lining 4 concrete, ensuring a stable connection between the fastener and the secondary lining 4. This ensures that seismic loads can be effectively transferred from the secondary lining 4 to the interior of the flexible joint 5 for dissipation, rather than causing the joint to loosen completely.

[0052] The ball bowl 511 includes a ball bowl opening 5111 facing the side of the ball 512. The ball 512 is connected to the connecting frustum 54 via a connecting rod 514, which enables the ball 512, the connecting rod 514 and the connecting frustum 54 located on the left side of the figure to be connected as an integral structure.

[0053] The connecting rod 514 extends from the ball bowl opening 5111. The ball bowl 511 is located on the back side of the ball bowl opening 5111 and is connected to the connecting frustum 54 via the ball bowl seat 515. The size of the ball bowl opening 5111 is smaller than the diameter of the ball 512, which enables the ball bowl 511, the ball bowl seat 515 and the connecting frustum 54 located on the right side of the figure to be connected as a whole structure.

[0054] Based on the above structure, the ball joint structure 51 located in the middle can rotate or twist relative to each other on both sides.

[0055] The ball joint ensures reliable rotation of the ball 512 within the ball cup 511 without it dislodging. The opening 5111 of the ball cup forms a mechanical constraint on the ball 512, ensuring that under complex multi-directional seismic loads, the ball 512 can only rotate within the space defined by the ball cup 511, and will not dislodge from the ball cup 511 under severe impact, leading to structural failure. This enhances the functional reliability and durability of the ball joint structure 51 as a torsional and shear deformation adaptation unit.

[0056] Based on the arrangement of two pistons 522 and two conical springs 521, the connecting component 53 includes two parts, which are respectively disposed at both ends of the flexible joint damping structure.

[0057] The connecting component 53 includes two connecting sleeves 56 arranged opposite to each other and a connecting seat 57 connected to the connecting sleeves 56. The connecting sleeves 56 include opposing insertion interfaces 562 arranged opposite to each other. One end of the piston 522 is connected to the connecting frustum 54, and the other end is inserted into the opposing insertion interface 562 and can extend and retract axially in the connecting sleeves 56.

[0058] From the installation angle of the conical spring 521, the connecting seat 57 includes a connecting seat base plate 571 and a connecting seat cone 572 connected to the outer side of the connecting seat base plate 571. Referring to the figure, in the left connecting seat 57, the left connecting seat cone 572 is connected to the left side of the left connecting seat base plate 571; in the right connecting seat 57, the right connecting seat cone 572 is connected to the right side of the right connecting seat base plate 571.

[0059] The connecting base plate 571 and the connecting base cone 572 are integrated into one structure, and the root of the Y-shaped fastener 55 is connected to the platform of the connecting base cone 572.

[0060] From the installation angle of the conical spring 521, the conical spring 521 includes a tapered section and a straight section. The tapered section corresponds to the part of the piston 522 that extends out of the connecting sleeve 56. The straight section is sleeved on the outside of the connecting sleeve 56. The pointed cone end of the tapered section abuts against the connecting frustum 54, and the root of the straight section abuts against the connecting base plate 571. This ensures that the flexible joint damping structure can be centered on the ball joint structure 51 and undergo relative axial expansion and contraction deformation on both sides under the action of the conical spring 521.

[0061] This installation method achieves efficient space utilization and smooth force transmission. The tapered section conforms to the force transmission transition from the connecting frustum 54 to the connecting sleeve 56, reducing stress concentration. The straight section sleeves the connecting sleeve 56, giving the conical spring 521 good radial stability during operation and preventing instability. This makes the expansion and contraction deformation of the conical spring 521 more controllable and its energy absorption efficiency higher.

[0062] The piston 522 includes a piston telescopic rod 5221, a shock-absorbing spring 5223, a rubber pad 5225, a vent 5224, and a piston wall 5222. The piston telescopic rod 5221 extends into the connecting sleeve 56 through the opposite insertion interface 562.

[0063] When the tunnel is subjected to fault displacement, the ball joint structure 51 adapts to the shear displacement and torsion caused by the fault by its own rotation, while the extension and retraction of the piston telescopic rod 5221 in the spring structure 52 can adapt to the axial tensile and compressive deformation caused by the fault displacement.

[0064] The piston extension rod 5221 has a piston plate 5227 connected to its infeed end. One end of the shock-absorbing spring 5223 is connected to the piston plate 5227, and the other end is connected to the spring plate 5228. A rubber pad 5225 is located on the inner end of the connecting sleeve 56 and is positioned opposite to the spring plate 5228. The piston extension rod 5221, piston plate 5227, shock-absorbing spring 5223, and spring plate 5228 are all metal components, facilitating the assembly of different components.

[0065] The piston plate 5227 and the spring plate 5228 are respectively clearance-fitted with the piston wall 5222, and the vent hole 5224 is provided on the side wall of the connecting sleeve 56 near the rubber pad 5225.

[0066] On the other side of the piston plate 5227 opposite to the shock-absorbing spring 5223, there is a shock-absorbing pad 5226 made of the same material as the rubber pad 5225. The shock-absorbing pad 5226 is attached to the surface of the piston plate 5227, or the shock-absorbing pad 5226 is separately set from the piston plate 5227.

[0067] The shock-absorbing pad 5226 is fitted onto the piston telescopic rod 5221, and the size of the shock-absorbing pad 5226 is larger than the size of the opposite insertion interface 562.

[0068] The cooperation between the piston 522 and the connecting sleeve 56 forms a secondary internal buffer for the piston 522 in the connecting sleeve 56, based on the main buffer of the conical spring 521. Specifically, the piston plate 5227, the shock-absorbing spring 5223, and the spring plate 5228 constitute the active buffer component in the cavity of the connecting sleeve 56.

[0069] The rubber pad 5225, as a soft contact buffer layer on the inner end, provides a good buffering effect during the extension and retraction of the piston 522. The vent 5224 provides a passage for the compressed gas to be discharged, balances the air pressure, and ensures the smooth movement of the piston 522.

[0070] The shock-absorbing pad 5226, which is larger than the opposite insertion interface 562 and is fitted onto the piston telescopic rod 5221, constitutes a mechanical limiting and impact buffer component, providing supplementation and safety redundancy for the extreme working conditions buffered by the conical spring 521.

[0071] When encountering extremely large displacements far exceeding the design values, the rubber pad 5225, damping spring 5223, and damping pad 5226 can play their roles in turn to absorb the remaining energy. Through the soft contact between the rubber pad 5225 and the spring plate 5228, and the soft contact between the damping pad 5226 and the opposite insertion interface 562, the structural safety is improved, greatly enhancing the reliability of the flexible joint damping structure in dealing with unexpected disasters.

[0072] When the conical spring 521 extends or retracts, it drives the connecting frustum 54 to push the piston extension rod 5221 to extend or retract. If the deformation is too large, the damping spring 5223 and the rubber pad 5225 can play a buffering role to ensure that the piston extension rod 5221 does not cause hard damage when it collides with the piston wall 5222.

[0073] The connecting sleeve 56 includes a plug-in plate 561 located at the opposite end, and a through-hole 562 located at the center of the plug-in plate 561. The piston telescopic rod 5221 is clearance-fitted with the through-hole. Through the synergistic effect of the piston telescopic rod 5221, the plug-in plate 561, and the through-hole, high-precision guidance and constraint of the piston 522's movement trajectory are achieved. This ensures that the piston 522 and the conical spring 521 deform along the tunnel axis, effectively suppressing lateral sway or eccentric forces, making the axial buffering function efficient, concentrated, and predictable, while reducing energy loss and component wear caused by friction and jamming.

[0074] In this application, based on the basic waterproof layer 3, the waterproof effect is further guaranteed by the overall waterproof system through necessary waterstops.

[0075] Based on the cylindrical structure of sleeve 6 and the distribution of flexible joint damping structure in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, foamed lightweight soil 9 is set on the circumferential periphery of sleeve 6. Specifically, foamed lightweight soil 9 includes outer foamed lightweight soil 9 located on the radially outer side of the tunnel relative to sleeve 6 near the lining part, and inner foamed lightweight soil 9 correspondingly set on the radially inner side of sleeve 6.

[0076] A back-adhesive self-adhesive rubber waterstop 7 is installed between the outer lightweight foam soil 9 and the main waterproof layer 3, and a center-embedded self-adhesive rubber waterstop 8 is installed on the inner side of the inner lightweight foam soil 9 relative to the radial inner side of the multi-segment tunnel.

[0077] Under static load conditions, the inherent strength of the foamed lightweight soil 9 can prevent the flexible joint 5 from rotating, thus satisfying the static load requirements of the tunnel. Under seismic load conditions, the tunnel experiences fault displacement, and the foamed lightweight soil 9 is preferentially damaged, releasing some energy and thereby reducing the damage to the tunnel.

[0078] The back-adhesive self-adhesive rubber waterstop 7 forms a waterproof barrier on the outside, preventing water from seeping into the foam lightweight soil 9 along the joint and even continuing to seep in, thus forming an external waterproof structure.

[0079] The embedded self-adhesive rubber waterstop 8 is embedded in the joint between the foamed lightweight soil 9 and the secondary lining 4 to form an internal waterproof structure, preventing water from continuing to seep into the tunnel passage.

[0080] This application also provides a tunnel lining structure, which is constructed and formed in the surrounding rock 1. The tunnel lining structure includes a multi-segment tunnel and the flexible joint damping structure described above. From the perspective of the installation of the flexible joint damping structure on the tunnel, the flexible joint damping structure includes multiple sets of flexible joint damping structures installed between the multi-segment tunnel linings and located in the secondary lining 4. The multiple sets of flexible joint damping structures are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the tunnel lining structure.

[0081] Through the tunnel lining structure in the surrounding rock 1, the ball hinge structure 51 can rotate in multiple directions, thereby adapting to various types of faults and fault displacement at various angles, improving the problem that traditional tunnels cannot withstand the shear and torsional damage caused by fault displacement.

[0082] The conical spring 521 in the spring structure 52 has telescopic properties and can withstand the tensile and compressive deformation of the lining caused by fault displacement, preventing tensile and compressive damage to the tunnel lining and meeting the requirements for large deformation.

[0083] It should be noted that the intermediate ball joint structure 51 can be a rotator, or it can be used to bear the rotation angle, bending moment and vertical shear force brought by external loads, to achieve the same technical effect.

[0084] The flexible joint vibration reduction structure in this application is divided into multiple groups in each tunnel segment and evenly distributed along the tunnel circumference.

[0085] To achieve precise adaptation to active faults with different characteristics and ensure that the damping structure achieves optimal damping effect, the flexible joint damping structure can make targeted adjustments to the structural parameters of the flexible joint according to the fault dip angle of the active fault. The core adjustment object is the spring structure inside the joint. The specific adjustment logic and operation are as follows: For faults with small dip angles, the main damage to tunnels caused by such faults is horizontal displacement, while shear or torsional displacement is relatively weak. Therefore, when the flexible joint damping structure of this application is installed in such fault areas, the deformable range of the spring structure and the longitudinal expansion and contraction range of the joint structure can be increased to fully adapt to the horizontal displacement of the fault and avoid the spring structure being pulled apart or crushed due to insufficient expansion and contraction.

[0086] For faults with large dip angles, the main damage to tunnels caused by such faults is shear displacement, while horizontal displacement has a smaller effect. Therefore, the deformable range of the spring structure can be appropriately reduced, and the torsional angle of the ball joint can be increased, so as to give full play to the torsional effect of the ball joint structure, make it adapt to the shear displacement generated by fault displacement, and effectively reduce the shear damage of fault displacement to tunnel lining.

[0087] The specific design parameters of the joint spring structure and ball joint structure can be obtained by establishing a refined three-dimensional numerical model of the segmented joint tunnel crossing the active fault and inputting the expected maximum dislocation of the fault.

[0088] Through the aforementioned targeted structural adjustments, the relative rotation range of the ball joint structure of the flexible joint and the extension and contraction of the spring can be adjusted according to the longitudinal zoning of the tunnel, thereby releasing the forced displacement or energy of the fault.

[0089] Combined with the circumferentially uniformly distributed grouped arrangement of the flexible joint damping structure, it can adapt to different types and angles of active faults, forming a damping module with composite deformation capability and effective response to faults with different characteristics.

[0090] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0091] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A flexible joint vibration damping structure, installed between multi-segment tunnel linings, characterized in that, The flexible joint damping structure includes a ball joint structure, a spring structure, and a fixing component; During an earthquake, the ball joint structure is used to adapt to shear and torsional deformation caused by external loads through its own rotation, and the spring structure is used to adapt to axial deformation caused by external loads by driving the piston to extend and retract. The multi-segment tunnel includes a lining, a waterproof layer, and a secondary lining. Foamed lightweight soil is placed between the secondary lining sections, and the foamed lightweight soil is placed on the circumferential side of the ball-joint structure. The ball joint structure and the spring structure are installed in the sleeve, the sleeve includes two with opposite openings, and the lightweight foam is disposed between the end openings of the sleeve; The ball joint structure includes a sphere and a bowl disposed opposite to each other, and a damping layer disposed between the sphere and the bowl; The spring structure includes two pistons arranged opposite each other and a conical spring. The pistons are connected to both sides of the ball joint structure and are telescopically installed in the connecting component. The ball and the ball cup are respectively connected to the connecting platform. The conical spring is disposed between the connecting platform and the connecting component. The fastener includes a Y-shaped fastener connected to the outer end of the connecting component, the Y-shaped fastener extending from the sleeve and having its bifurcation embedded in the secondary lining.

2. The flexible joint vibration damping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bowl includes a bowl opening facing the side of the sphere. The sphere is connected to the connecting frustum via a connecting rod. The connecting rod extends from the bowl opening. The bowl is located on the back side of the bowl opening and is connected to the connecting frustum via a bowl seat. The size of the bowl opening is smaller than the diameter of the sphere.

3. The flexible joint vibration damping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting components include two, which are respectively disposed at both ends of the flexible joint shock absorption structure; The connecting component includes a connecting sleeve and a connecting seat. The connecting sleeve includes opposing insertion interfaces. One end of the piston is connected to the connecting frustum, and the other end is inserted through the opposing insertion interface and can extend and retract axially within the connecting sleeve.

4. The flexible joint vibration damping structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connector includes a connector base plate and a connector cone connected to the opposite outer side of the connector base plate. The connector base plate and the connector cone are integrally formed. The root of the Y-shaped fastener is connected to the platform of the connector cone.

5. The flexible joint vibration damping structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The conical spring includes a tapered section and a straight section. The tapered section corresponds to the part of the piston that extends out of the connecting sleeve. The straight section is sleeved on the outside of the connecting sleeve. The pointed end of the tapered section abuts against the connecting platform, and the root of the straight section abuts against the connecting base plate.

6. The flexible joint vibration damping structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The stiffness of the foamed lightweight soil and the stiffness of the filling damping layer are both less than the stiffness of the lining.

7. The flexible joint vibration damping structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The piston includes a piston telescopic rod, a shock-absorbing spring, a rubber pad, a vent hole, and a piston wall. The piston telescopic rod extends into the connecting sleeve through the opposite insertion interface. The piston extension rod is connected to a piston plate at its inlet end. One end of the shock-absorbing spring is connected to the piston plate, and the other end is connected to a spring plate. The rubber pad is located at the inner end of the connecting sleeve and is positioned opposite to the spring plate. The piston plate and the spring plate are respectively clearance-fitted with the piston wall, and the vent hole is provided on the side wall of the connecting sleeve near the rubber pad; A shock-absorbing pad is provided on the other side of the piston plate opposite to the shock-absorbing spring. The shock-absorbing pad is attached to the surface of the piston plate, or the shock-absorbing pad is separately provided from the piston plate. The shock-absorbing pad is fitted onto the piston telescopic rod, and the size of the shock-absorbing pad is larger than the size of the opposing insertion interface.

8. The flexible joint vibration damping structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The connecting sleeve includes a plug plate located at the opposite end, and the opposite plug interface includes a through-hole located at the center of the plug plate. The piston telescopic rod is clearance-fitted with the through-hole.

9. The flexible joint vibration damping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foamed lightweight soil is arranged around the periphery of the sleeve, including an outer foamed lightweight soil near the lining part and an inner foamed lightweight soil arranged opposite to it. A back-adhesive self-adhesive rubber waterstop is arranged between the outer foamed lightweight soil and the waterproof layer, and a centrally embedded self-adhesive rubber waterstop is arranged on the radial inner side of the inner foamed lightweight soil relative to the multi-segment tunnel.

10. A tunnel lining structure, constructed and formed in surrounding rock, characterized in that, The invention includes a multi-segment tunnel and a flexible joint damping structure as described in any one of claims 1-9. The flexible joint damping structure comprises multiple sets disposed between the multi-segment tunnel linings and located in the secondary lining, with the multiple sets of flexible joint damping structures spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the tunnel lining structure.

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