Compressed air energy storage system and method for combined cooling heating and power

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined cooling, heating and power compressed air energy storage system and method, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage. The system comprises an energy conversion module, an energy storage and release module, a combined cooling and heating regulation and control module and a medium circulation pipeline; wherein the energy conversion module is used for achieving energy conversion of compression energy storage and expansion power generation of air, and the energy storage and release module is used for storing heat energy generated in the air compression process and releasing the heat energy to the air in the expansion power generation stage; the combined cooling and heating regulation and control module is in coupling connection with the energy storage and release module, is used for conveying the heat energy output by the energy storage and release module or the converted cold energy to a user side as required, and has a load fluctuation self-adaptive regulation capability; and the medium circulation pipeline is used for working medium circulation and flow regulation and control among the modules. By coupling the energy conversion process of compressed air energy storage and the cold and heat load supply requirement, integrated supply of electric energy, heat energy and cold energy is achieved, and the energy utilization efficiency can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a compressed air energy storage system and method for combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP). Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of the global energy transition, energy storage technology, as a key support for solving the intermittency and volatility of new energy sources, has received widespread attention and rapid development. Among them, non-combustion compressed air energy storage systems have become one of the mainstream technologies in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their advantages such as large energy storage capacity, long operating life, and environmental friendliness. However, existing non-combustion compressed air energy storage systems still face many technical bottlenecks in actual operation: First, the energy utilization efficiency is low. Air generates a large amount of heat during compression, and the expansion power generation process requires heat energy to heat the air. This heat storage-heat release cycle has irreversible thermal losses, and the unused heat is usually discharged to the cooling tower through circulating cooling water, resulting in wasted heat energy and limiting the overall efficiency of the system.

[0003] Secondly, there is insufficient multi-energy supply capacity. Most existing systems focus only on the storage and release of electrical energy. Although some improvement schemes attempt to use compressed heat to supply heat load, they are limited by the intermittent nature of the heat storage period (usually only 6-10 hours per day), which cannot meet users' continuous 24 / 7 supply needs for heat and cooling loads, thus limiting the application scenarios of the system.

[0004] Secondly, the load adaptability is poor. The cooling and heating loads at the user end often fluctuate in real time, and the energy conversion process of the existing compressed air energy storage system lacks an effective coupling and control mechanism with the user load demand. When the load fluctuates or the system experiences a temporary failure, it is easy to generate thermal shock to the main circulation system, affecting the system's operational stability and safety.

[0005] Finally, the system integration and control flexibility are insufficient. Existing combined cooling and heating solutions are mostly simple superpositions, lacking a dynamic allocation mechanism for "immediate use" heat and "stored" heat, and cannot optimize energy flow in real time according to changes in user load, resulting in poor matching and economic efficiency of multiple energy supplies.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a compressed air energy storage system that can achieve integrated supply of cooling, heating and electricity, high energy utilization efficiency, strong load adaptability, and stable operation around the clock, in order to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and promote the widespread application of compressed air energy storage technology in the field of integrated energy services. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems of low energy utilization efficiency, insufficient multi-energy supply capacity, poor load adaptability, and insufficient system integration and control flexibility in existing non-combustion compressed air energy storage systems, this invention provides a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) compressed air energy storage system and method. By coupling the energy conversion process of compressed air energy storage with the supply and demand of cooling and heating loads, it achieves integrated supply of electricity, heat, and cooling energy, which can effectively improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the compressed air energy storage system and method for combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) of the present invention is as follows: A combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) compressed air energy storage system includes an energy conversion module, an energy storage and release module, a CCHP control module, and a medium circulation pipeline. The energy conversion module is used to realize the energy conversion between compressed air energy storage and expansion power generation. The energy storage and release module is used to store the heat energy generated during air compression and release it back into the air during the expansion power generation stage. The CCHP control module is coupled to the energy storage and release module and is used to deliver the heat energy output from the energy storage and release module or the converted cold energy to the user end as needed, and has the ability to adaptively adjust to load fluctuations. The medium circulation pipeline is used for the flow and control of the working fluid between the modules.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the energy conversion module includes a compression unit and an expansion power generation unit; wherein, the compression unit includes at least two air compressors connected in series, and an interstage heat exchange component is provided between adjacent air compressors; the expansion power generation unit includes at least two expanders connected in series, an interstage heat exchange component is provided between adjacent expanders, and the expanders are connected to the power generation equipment by transmission.

[0010] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the outlet of the final stage air compressor of the compression unit is provided with a diversion pipeline, the diversion pipeline includes a first branch and a second branch, the first branch is connected to the heat exchange component of the heat storage unit of the energy storage and release module, the second branch is connected to the heat exchange coupling component of the combined cooling and heating control module, and both the first branch and the second branch are provided with flow regulating valves.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the energy storage and release module includes a heat storage unit and a heat release unit; wherein, the heat storage unit includes a first hot water tank, a second hot water tank, a cold water storage tank and a conveying component for driving the circulation of the heat storage medium, which are independently set; the heat release unit shares the first hot water tank, the second hot water tank and the cold water storage tank with the heat storage unit, and is provided with a conveying component for driving the heat storage medium to flow to the heat exchange component.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the heat storage medium output pipeline of the heat release unit is provided with a third branch and a fourth branch, the third branch is connected to the interstage heat exchange component of the expansion power generation unit, and the fourth branch is connected to the heat exchange coupling component of the combined cooling and heating control module. At the same time, both the third branch and the fourth branch are provided with flow regulating valves.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the combined cooling and heating control module includes a heat exchange coupling component, a cold and heat source preparation component, a load buffer component, and a user-end delivery component; wherein, the heat exchange coupling component is connected to the heat exchange component of the energy storage and energy release module, the cold and heat source preparation component includes a heat pump and a chiller, the load buffer component includes a cooling tower and a corresponding circulating pump, and the user-end delivery component includes a heating circulating pump and a cooling circulating pump.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the circulating water supply temperature range of the combined cooling and heating control module is 20~25℃, the return water temperature range is 35~40℃, and the circulating water exchanges heat with the working fluid of the energy storage and release module through the heat exchange coupling component.

[0015] A method for storing compressed air energy using a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, comprising the following steps: S1, Off-peak electricity storage stage: The compression unit is started, and the temperature of the atmosphere rises after multi-stage compression. The heat storage medium of the heat storage unit absorbs the heat energy of the compressed air through the heat exchange components and stores it in the heat storage medium storage tank. At the same time, according to the real-time cooling and heating load demand of the user, a portion of the compressed air is distributed to the combined cooling and heating control module through the flow regulating valve to directly supply heat energy to the user or convert it into cooling energy supply. S2, Peak Power Generation and Energy Supply Stage: The heat storage medium of the energy storage and release module releases heat energy through the heat exchange components of the heat release unit, heating the high-pressure low-temperature air output by the gas storage device. The heated air enters the expansion power generation unit to expand and generate electricity. At the same time, part of the heat storage medium of the heat release unit is diverted to the combined cooling and heating control module, which, together with the cold and heat source preparation components, supplies cold and heat loads to the user end as needed. S3, Load Adaptive Adjustment Stage: Real-time monitoring of user-end load changes; when load fluctuates or system failure occurs, the load buffer component is activated, and the temperature of the circulating medium is adjusted through the cooling tower to maintain stable system operation; by adjusting the flow regulating valves of each branch pipeline, the ratio of "instant utilization" heat to "stored" heat is dynamically optimized.

[0016] The technological advancements achieved by this invention due to the adoption of the above technical solutions are as follows: This invention achieves graded storage and on-demand distribution of the heat generated during air compression through deep coupling of the energy storage and release module and the combined cooling and heating control module. This avoids the waste of heat energy by direct emission in traditional systems and realizes flexible conversion of heat energy and cold energy through equipment such as heat pumps and chillers. This allows the previously unused low-grade heat energy to be fully utilized and improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0017] This invention overcomes the limitations of traditional systems with limited heat storage periods by employing a dual-hot water tank thermal storage design and a combined cooling and heating control module. During off-peak electricity storage, some heat can be supplied to users immediately, while the remaining heat is stored in the hot water tanks. During peak electricity generation, the stored heat is released for power generation and user energy supply. Combined with the continuous operation of the heat pump and chiller, this achieves a continuous 24 / 7 supply of cooling, heating, and electricity.

[0018] This invention establishes a comprehensive load control mechanism by incorporating multi-stage flow regulating valves and cooling tower load buffer components. When user-end cooling or heating loads fluctuate, the ratio of "instantaneous utilization" of heat to "stored" heat can be dynamically optimized by adjusting the valve openings of each branch pipeline. When load fluctuations exceed preset ranges or a system malfunction occurs, the cooling tower automatically activates to release excess heat, preventing thermal shock to the main circulation system and improving system operational stability and reliability.

[0019] The combined cooling and heating control module of the present invention can flexibly switch between cooling and heating modes according to different seasons and different users' energy needs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a compressed air energy storage system with combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) according to the present invention.

[0021] In the attached diagram: 1. First air compressor; 2. Second air compressor; 3. First heat exchanger; 4. Second heat exchanger; 5. Third heat exchanger; 6. First hot water tank; 7. Cold water storage tank; 8. Second hot water tank; 9. First cold water pump; 10. Second cold water pump; 11. First hot water pump; 12. Second hot water pump; 13. Fourth heat exchanger; 14. Fifth heat exchanger; 15. Sixth heat exchanger; 16. First expander; 17. Second expander; 18. Cooling tower; 19. Heat pump; 20. Chiller; 21. Cooling water pump; 22. Heating circulation pump; 23. Cooling circulation pump; v1. First regulating valve; v2. Second regulating valve; v3. Third regulating valve; v4. Fourth regulating valve. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. In the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of this invention. Example

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a compressed air energy storage system with combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP), including an energy conversion module, an energy storage and release module, a CCHP control module, and a medium circulation pipeline. Each module realizes the flow of working fluid and energy transfer through the medium circulation pipeline.

[0024] In this embodiment, the energy conversion module includes a compression unit and an expansion power generation unit. The compression unit includes a first air compressor 1, a first heat exchanger 3, a second air compressor 2 connected in series, and connecting pipes and valves. The inlet of the first air compressor 1 is open to the atmosphere and is used to draw in ambient temperature and pressure air for primary compression. Its outlet is connected to the tube-side inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 via a pipe. The tube-side outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the second air compressor 2. The second air compressor 2 is used for secondary compression of air. The outlet of the second air compressor 2 is connected to the shell-side inlet of the second heat exchanger 4 via a first branch, and the outlet of the second air compressor 2 is connected to the shell-side inlet of the third heat exchanger 5 via a second branch.

[0025] The expansion power generation unit includes a gas storage device, a fourth heat exchanger 13, a fifth heat exchanger 14, a first expander 16, a second expander 17, and connecting pipes and valves. The outlet of the gas storage device is connected to the tube-side inlet of the fifth heat exchanger 14 via pipes. The tube-side outlet of the fifth heat exchanger 14 is connected to the first expander 16. The outlet of the first expander 16 is connected to the tube-side inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 13. The tube-side outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 13 is connected to the second expander 17. Both the first expander 16 and the second expander 17 are driven by a generator to convert the mechanical energy of air expansion into electrical energy.

[0026] In this embodiment, the energy storage and release module includes a heat storage unit and a heat release unit. The heat storage unit includes a first hot water tank 6, a second hot water tank 8, a cold water storage tank 7, a first cold water pump 9, a second cold water pump 10, and a first heat exchanger 3, a second heat exchanger 4, and a third heat exchanger 5. The inlet of the first cold water pump 9 is connected to the outlet of the cold water storage tank 7, and the outlet is connected to the shell-side inlet of the first heat exchanger 3. The shell-side outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the first hot water tank 6, and it is used to absorb the heat from the primary compressed air. The inlet of the second cold water pump 10 is connected to the outlet of the cold water storage tank 7, and the outlet is connected to the shell-side inlet of the second heat exchanger 4. The shell-side outlet of the second heat exchanger 4 is connected to the inlet of the second hot water tank 8, and it is used to absorb part of the heat from the secondary compressed air.

[0027] The heat dissipation unit includes a first hot water pump 11, a second hot water pump 12, and a fourth heat exchanger 13, a fifth heat exchanger 14, and a sixth heat exchanger 15. The inlet of the first hot water pump 11 is connected to the outlet of the first hot water tank 6, and the outlet is connected to the shell-side inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 13. The shell-side outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 13 is connected to the inlet of the cold water storage tank 7. The inlet of the second hot water pump 12 is connected to the outlet of the second hot water tank 8. The outlet is divided into a third branch and a fourth branch. The third branch is connected to the shell-side inlet of the fifth heat exchanger 14, and the fourth branch is connected to the shell-side inlet of the sixth heat exchanger 15. The outlets of the two branches are combined and connected to the inlet of the cold water storage tank 7.

[0028] In this embodiment, the combined cooling and heating control module includes a third heat exchanger 5, a sixth heat exchanger 15, a cooling tower 18, a heat pump 19, a chiller 20, a cooling water pump 21, a heating circulation pump 22, a cooling circulation pump 23, and corresponding connecting pipes and valves. The shell side of the third heat exchanger 5 is connected to the outlet branch pipe of the second air compressor 2, and is also connected to the user's heating network through the heating circulation pump 22; the shell side of the sixth heat exchanger 15 is connected to the fourth branch of the second hot water pump 12, and is also connected to the user's cooling network through the cooling circulation pump 23; the heat pump 19 is connected in parallel with the third heat exchanger 5 to increase the heating temperature; the chiller 20 is connected in parallel with the sixth heat exchanger 15 to enhance the cooling effect; the cooling tower 18 is connected to the bypass pipes of the third heat exchanger 5 and the sixth heat exchanger 15 through the cooling water pump 21, respectively, for load buffering.

[0029] In this embodiment, the medium circulation pipeline between the medium circulation pipeline and each module of the control component adopts a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant stainless steel pipe. The pipeline is equipped with a first regulating valve v1, a second regulating valve v2, a third regulating valve v3, a fourth regulating valve v4, and user-end valves v9, v11, v13, etc. All valves are electric regulating valves and can be automatically adjusted by the PLC control system. The pump sets are all variable frequency pumps, which can dynamically adjust the operating frequency according to the flow demand. Example

[0030] This embodiment provides a compressed air energy storage method for combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP), including the following steps: S1, Off-peak electricity storage stage: During periods of low electricity load, when the power grid has surplus power, the compression unit and heat storage unit are activated. The first air compressor 1 starts, drawing in ambient air at normal temperature and pressure for primary compression. After compression, the air temperature rises and the pressure increases. Subsequently, the air enters the tube side of the first heat exchanger 3, where it exchanges heat with the cold water delivered by the first cold water pump 9. The air temperature decreases, and the cold water absorbs the heat, rises in temperature, and is stored in the first hot water tank 6.

[0031] After being cooled by the first heat exchanger 3, the air enters the second air compressor 2 for secondary compression. After compression, the air temperature rises again and the pressure increases again. The air after secondary compression is divided into two paths through the outlet branch pipe. The first branch is connected to the tube side of the second heat exchanger 4 and exchanges heat with the cold water delivered by the second cold water pump 10. The air temperature decreases and the cold water is heated and stored in the second hot water tank 8. The second branch is connected to the tube side of the third heat exchanger 5 and exchanges heat with the circulating water of the combined cooling and heating control module, directly supplying heat energy to the user end.

[0032] After the air from the two heat exchangers merges, it enters the gas storage device through pipelines for high-pressure storage.

[0033] Simultaneously, based on the real-time cooling and heating load demands of the user, the combined cooling and heating control module is activated: if the user requires a heating load, heat pump 19 starts, interlocking and opening heating circulation pump 22 and valve v11, and the heat energy output from the third heat exchanger 5 is delivered to the user's heating network after the heat pump raises the temperature; if the user requires a cooling load, chiller 20 starts, interlocking and opening cooling circulation pump 23 and valve v13, and the circulating water is cooled to 7~12℃ by the chiller before being delivered to the user's cooling network; if the user's load fluctuates or the system experiences a temporary fault, the PLC control system immediately interlocks and starts cooling tower 18, cooling water pump 21 and valve v9, releasing excess heat through the cooling tower to maintain a stable circulating water temperature.

[0034] S2, Peak Power Generation Supply Phase: During peak electricity load periods, when the power grid is under strain, the expansion power generation unit and heat release unit are activated. High-pressure, low-temperature air from the gas storage device is output through pipelines and enters the tube side of the fifth heat exchanger 14, where it exchanges heat with the high-temperature hot water delivered by the third branch of the second hot water pump 12. The air temperature rises, and the hot water cools down and flows into the cold water storage tank 7.

[0035] After being heated by the fifth heat exchanger 14, the air enters the first expander 16 to expand and do work, driving the generator to generate electricity. After expansion, the air pressure and temperature decrease. Then, the air enters the tube side of the fourth heat exchanger 13 and exchanges heat with the high-temperature hot water delivered by the first hot water pump 11. The air temperature rises again, and the hot water cools down and flows into the cold water storage tank 7.

[0036] After being heated by the fourth heat exchanger 13, the air enters the second expander 17 to continue expanding and doing work, further driving the generator to generate electricity. After expansion, the air pressure and temperature decrease, and it is finally discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe.

[0037] At the same time, the fourth branch of the second hot water pump 12 starts, delivering some high-temperature hot water to the shell side of the sixth heat exchanger 15, where it exchanges heat with the circulating water of the combined cooling and heating control module. According to user needs, combined with the operation of the heat pump 19 and the chiller 20, heat or cold energy is delivered to the user end, realizing the simultaneous operation of power generation and cooling / heating.

[0038] After the first hot water tank 6 and the second hot water tank 8 release heat, the cold water storage tank 7 collects the cooled cold water, which is then transported to the heat storage unit again through the first cold water pump 9 and the second cold water pump 10 during off-peak electricity hours to complete the medium circulation.

[0039] S3, Load Adaptive Adjustment Stage: During system operation, the PLC control system monitors user-end cold and heat load data in real time (collected through temperature and flow sensors installed in the user's pipeline network), gas storage device pressure and temperature, temperature of each hot water tank and cold water tank, and inlet and outlet parameters of heat exchangers.

[0040] When the user's heat load increases, the control system automatically increases the opening of the second regulating valve v2 (valley power stage) or the fourth regulating valve v4 (peak power stage) to increase the proportion of "instantaneous utilization" of heat, while increasing the operating power of the heat pump 19 to ensure stable heating temperature; when the user's heat load decreases, the corresponding valve opening is reduced to increase the proportion of heat storage and avoid heat energy waste.

[0041] When the user's cooling load increases, the operating power of the chiller 20 is increased, the frequency of the cooling circulation pump 23 is increased, and the cooling flow rate is increased; when the user's cooling load decreases, the operating power of the chiller and the frequency of the circulation pump are reduced to save energy.

[0042] When the load fluctuation exceeds 20% or the system experiences heat exchanger failure, pump abnormality, or other issues, cooling tower 18 will immediately start, releasing excess heat through the bypass pipeline. At the same time, it will adjust the opening of each regulating valve, disconnect the faulty module from the main circulation, and ensure the safe operation of the core components of the system. Normal operation will resume after the fault is cleared.

[0043] In the above embodiments, a compressed air energy storage system and method for combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) are provided. This invention, through deep coupling of the energy storage and release module and the CCHP control module, stores and distributes the heat generated during air compression in stages and on demand. This avoids the waste of direct heat release in traditional systems and achieves flexible conversion between heat and cold energy through heat pumps, chillers, and other equipment, fully utilizing previously unused low-grade heat energy and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. This invention, through the synergistic operation of the dual hot water tank heat storage design and the CCHP control module, overcomes the limitations of limited heat storage periods in traditional systems. During off-peak electricity storage, some heat can be supplied to users immediately, with the remaining heat stored in the hot water tanks. During peak electricity generation, the stored heat is released for power generation and user energy supply. Combined with the continuous operation of the heat pump and chiller, a continuous 24 / 7 supply of cooling, heating, and electricity is achieved. This invention constructs a comprehensive load control mechanism by setting up multi-stage flow regulating valves and cooling tower load buffer components. When user-end cooling and heating loads fluctuate, the ratio of "instantaneous utilization" of heat to "stored" heat can be dynamically optimized by adjusting the valve opening of each branch pipeline. When load fluctuations exceed the preset range or a system failure occurs, the cooling tower automatically starts to release excess heat, avoiding thermal shock to the main circulation system and improving system stability and reliability. The combined cooling and heating control module of this invention can flexibly switch between cooling and heating modes according to different seasons and different users' energy needs.

[0044] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept should fall within the protection scope of the present invention. All technical contents for which protection is sought in this invention are fully described in the claims.

Claims

1. A compressed air energy storage system integrating combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP), characterized in that: It includes an energy conversion module, an energy storage and release module, a combined cooling and heating (CCHP) control module, and a medium circulation pipeline. The energy conversion module is used to realize the energy conversion of compressed air for energy storage and expansion for power generation. The energy storage and release module is used to store the heat energy generated during the air compression process and release the heat energy into the air during the expansion for power generation. The CCHP control module is coupled to the energy storage and release module and is used to deliver the heat energy output by the energy storage and release module or the converted cold energy to the user end as needed, and has the ability to adaptively adjust to load fluctuations. The medium circulation pipeline is used for the flow and flow control of the working medium between the modules.

2. The compressed air energy storage system with combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy conversion module includes a compression unit and an expansion power generation unit; wherein, the compression unit includes at least two air compressors connected in series, and an interstage heat exchange component is provided between adjacent air compressors; the expansion power generation unit includes at least two expanders connected in series, and an interstage heat exchange component is provided between adjacent expanders, and the expanders are drivenly connected to the power generation equipment.

3. A compressed air energy storage system with combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outlet of the final stage air compressor of the compression unit is provided with a diversion pipeline, which includes a first branch and a second branch. The first branch is connected to the heat exchange component of the heat storage unit of the energy storage and release module, and the second branch is connected to the heat exchange coupling component of the combined cooling and heating control module. At the same time, both the first and second branches are provided with flow regulating valves.

4. A compressed air energy storage system with combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy storage and release module includes a heat storage unit and a heat release unit; wherein, the heat storage unit includes a first hot water tank (6), a second hot water tank (8), a cold water storage tank (7) and a conveying component for driving the circulation of the heat storage medium, which are independently set; the heat release unit shares the first hot water tank (6), the second hot water tank (8) and the cold water storage tank (7) with the heat storage unit, and is provided with a conveying component for driving the heat storage medium to flow to the heat exchange component.

5. A compressed air energy storage system with combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat storage medium output pipeline of the heat release unit is provided with a third branch and a fourth branch. The third branch is connected to the interstage heat exchange component of the expansion power generation unit, and the fourth branch is connected to the heat exchange coupling component of the combined cooling and heating control module. At the same time, both the third and fourth branches are equipped with flow regulating valves.

6. A compressed air energy storage system with combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combined cooling and heating control module includes a heat exchange coupling component, a cold and heat source preparation component, a load buffer component, and a user-end delivery component; wherein, the heat exchange coupling component is connected to the heat exchange component of the energy storage and release module, the cold and heat source preparation component includes a heat pump (19) and a chiller (20), the load buffer component includes a cooling tower (18) and a corresponding circulating pump, and the user-end delivery component includes a heating circulating pump (22) and a cooling circulating pump (23).

7. A compressed air energy storage system with combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) according to claim 6, characterized in that: The circulating water supply temperature range of the combined cooling and heating control module is 20~25℃, and the return water temperature range is 35~40℃. The circulating water exchanges heat with the working fluid of the energy storage and release module through heat exchange coupling components.

8. A method for compressed air energy storage in a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, characterized in that, Using the energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: S1, Off-peak electricity storage stage: The compression unit is started, and the temperature of the atmosphere rises after multi-stage compression. The heat storage medium of the heat storage unit absorbs the heat energy of the compressed air through the heat exchange components and stores it in the heat storage medium storage tank. At the same time, according to the real-time cooling and heating load demand of the user, a portion of the compressed air is distributed to the combined cooling and heating control module through the flow regulating valve to directly supply heat energy to the user or convert it into cooling energy supply. S2, Peak Power Generation and Energy Supply Stage: The heat storage medium of the energy storage and release module releases heat energy through the heat exchange components of the heat release unit, heating the high-pressure low-temperature air output by the gas storage device. The heated air enters the expansion power generation unit to expand and generate electricity. At the same time, part of the heat storage medium of the heat release unit is diverted to the combined cooling and heating control module, which, together with the cold and heat source preparation components, supplies cold and heat loads to the user end as needed. S3, Load Adaptive Adjustment Stage: Real-time monitoring of user-end load changes. When the load fluctuates or the system fails, the load buffer component is activated, and the temperature of the circulating medium is adjusted through the cooling tower (18) to maintain stable system operation. The ratio of "instant utilization" heat to "storage" heat is dynamically optimized by adjusting the flow regulating valves of each branch pipeline.

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