Drainage and leakage monitoring device and system for gas storage and gas storage

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, in particular to a drainage and leakage monitoring device and system for a gas storage.The drainage and leakage monitoring device comprises a pipe network outside the gas storage.The pipe network is arranged between a primary support and a secondary lining of the gas storage.The pipe network comprises waveform pipelines arranged at intervals in the vertical direction; each corrugated pipeline comprises wave crests and wave troughs which are alternately arranged in the annular direction of the gas storage, the wave crests on the adjacent corrugated pipelines correspond to each other, the wave troughs on the adjacent corrugated pipelines correspond to each other, exhaust pipes are connected between the corresponding wave crests on the corrugated pipelines, and drainage pipes are connected between the corresponding wave troughs on the corrugated pipelines; and a through hole is formed in the corrugated pipeline. The waveform pipeline realizes natural diversion and separation by utilizing water-gas density difference, and a gas leakage rapid guide and exhaust channel is constructed; leaked gas can be exhausted upwards along the exhaust pipe in time, early warning delay caused by retention in surrounding rock cracks and local drainage blind areas is avoided, leakage of the gas storage is monitored in time, and the monitoring and early warning efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of compressed air energy storage technology, and in particular to a drainage and leakage monitoring device, system, and gas storage facility for gas storage. Background Technology

[0002] Compressed air energy storage is a new type of energy storage technology that uses the energy generated by compressing air during off-peak hours and then using the compressed air to generate electricity during peak hours to achieve the purpose of energy storage.

[0003] In existing technologies, the concrete lining of high-pressure gas storage facilities is prone to outward expansion and deformation under long-term high internal pressure, leading to tensile cracks. Groundwater seeps in through these cracks and directly impacts the surface of the gas storage sealing layer. Especially during maintenance, when the pressure inside the gas storage drops to atmospheric pressure, the external groundwater pressure (still maintaining a high pressure) will unidirectionally compress the sealing layer, causing it to bear asymmetric loads far exceeding design values. This may trigger local buckling, tearing, or even overall instability and failure of the sealing layer.

[0004] Traditional gas storage drainage systems typically employ a grid structure combining circumferential and longitudinal drainage pipes, and most lack the capability to discharge leaked gas. Even when venting is possible, poor pipe connectivity and a single gas migration path mean that high-pressure gas tends to stagnate in surrounding rock fissures or localized drainage blind spots during leaks. Relying on ground-based sensors, it can take hours to days to trigger an alert, severely hindering emergency response. Existing technologies attempt to improve location accuracy through denser sensor deployment or algorithm improvements, but these are limited by groundwater interference and monitoring costs, making it difficult to overcome the core bottleneck of low gas migration efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of drainage system that can efficiently drain gas while simultaneously constructing a rapid gas leakage channel. By optimizing the pipe network structure and gas migration path, timely capture of leak signals can be achieved, providing a prerequisite for subsequent accurate location and risk control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the technical problem that existing gas storage drainage systems are limited by structure and function, which prevent timely venting and accelerate gas migration when leaks occur in the cavern, resulting in low accident early warning efficiency. The invention provides a drainage and leakage monitoring device, system, and gas storage facility for gas storage.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility, comprising a pipe network wrapped around the outside of the gas storage facility, the pipe network being disposed between the primary support and the secondary lining of the gas storage facility, the pipe network comprising a plurality of corrugated pipes arranged at vertical intervals, the corrugated pipes comprising a plurality of alternating peaks and troughs arranged circumferentially along the gas storage facility, the peaks of adjacent corrugated pipes being correspondingly arranged, the troughs of adjacent corrugated pipes being correspondingly arranged, an exhaust pipe being connected between corresponding peaks of the plurality of corrugated pipes, and a drain pipe being connected between corresponding troughs of the plurality of corrugated pipes; the corrugated pipes having a plurality of through holes.

[0007] This invention enables rapid discharge of leaked gas by laying a pipe network including corrugated pipes, exhaust pipes, and drainage pipes on the outside of the gas storage facility. Specifically, the exhaust pipes connect the crests of each corrugated pipe, and the drainage pipes connect the troughs of each corrugated pipe. Under normal drainage conditions, groundwater in the surrounding rock can reach between the primary support and the secondary lining and enter the corrugated pipes through through-holes. Under gravity, the water can flow downwards along the corrugated pipes to the troughs and then enter the drainage pipes for discharge. If a leak occurs in the gas storage facility, high-pressure gas can enter the corrugated pipes through nearby through-holes along the damaged sealing layer and secondary lining cracks, flow upwards along the corrugated pipes to the crests, and then enter the exhaust pipes for discharge. Due to the structure and shape of the corrugated pipes, natural flow separation can be achieved by utilizing the density difference between water and gas, thus constructing a rapid gas leakage discharge channel. The leaked high-pressure gas can be discharged upwards along the exhaust pipes in a timely manner, avoiding the situation where it lingers in the surrounding rock cracks and local drainage blind spots, which would cause delays in accident warnings. This allows for timely monitoring of gas storage facility leaks and improves monitoring and early warning efficiency.

[0008] Preferably, several monitoring optical fibers are installed on the outer side of the gas storage tank.

[0009] The deployment of monitoring optical fibers is used to monitor leaks in gas storage facilities and locate the leak points. Specifically, based on the Rayleigh scattering effect, the monitoring optical fibers can capture acoustic vibration signals of the gas storage facility and surrounding rock area in real time. When a leak occurs, the pressure difference releases energy and triggers acoustic emission. The vibration waves propagate along the surrounding rock and are captured by the optical fiber. The location of the leak can be determined through the optical fiber signal, and emergency measures can be taken in time to prevent the leak from expanding further.

[0010] Preferably, the monitoring optical fiber is laid along the exhaust pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the monitoring optical fiber is installed in the exhaust pipe, and a waterproof layer is provided on the outside of the monitoring optical fiber. If it is a finished optical fiber with built-in armor protection, no additional waterproof layer is required.

[0012] The location for the monitoring fiber optic cable can be selected according to specific needs. For example, it can be laid along the exhaust pipe, specifically along the outer wall of the exhaust pipe, installed in the exhaust pipe, or placed in the surrounding rock outside the exhaust pipe. When the fiber optic cable is placed in the exhaust pipe, the outer side of the fiber optic cable needs to be wrapped with a waterproof layer to avoid the influence of water flow entering the exhaust pipe.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes an exhaust pipe located above the gas storage tank, a plurality of exhaust pipes converging at the top of the gas storage tank and communicating with the lower end of the exhaust pipe, and the upper end of the exhaust pipe communicating with the ground.

[0014] The exhaust main pipe is used to collect any high-pressure leaks that may occur in the exhaust pipes and guide the leaked gas to the ground to prevent it from accumulating underground. It can also be used to detect the flow rate and pressure of the leaked gas through ground equipment, thereby determining the severity of the leak and enabling appropriate emergency measures to be taken.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a drainage main pipe located below the gas storage tank, and several drainage pipes converge at the bottom of the gas storage tank and are connected to the inlet end of the drainage main pipe.

[0016] The main drainage pipe is used to collect groundwater from various drainage pipes to achieve drainage. Groundwater in each drainage pipe can flow naturally into the main drainage pipe by gravity to achieve groundwater collection.

[0017] Preferably, the main drainage pipe is equipped with a valve.

[0018] The drainage process of the drainage pipe can be controlled by opening and closing valves and adjusting their opening degree. Specifically, when the gas storage facility is under high pressure during operation, the valves can be closed to prevent groundwater from draining from the surrounding rock, maintaining a sufficient groundwater head, and thus ensuring a sufficiently high external water pressure to balance the high internal pressure within the cavern. When the gas storage facility is under maintenance and depressurization, the valves can be opened to drain groundwater, reducing the groundwater head and thus lowering the external water pressure. This prevents the external pressure from being significantly higher than the internal pressure, which could cause instability in the gas storage facility's sealing layer. The drainage process can be synchronized with the depressurization process of the gas storage facility. During this time, the valve opening degree can be adjusted to control the drainage flow rate and speed, ensuring that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the gas storage facility remains within a safe range.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes a drain pump connected to the outlet end of the main drain pipe.

[0020] A drainage pump can draw groundwater that flows downward into the drainage main pipe upward to the surface, thus completing the groundwater drainage process.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a drainage and leakage monitoring system for a gas storage facility, comprising a monitoring unit and a drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility as described above, wherein the monitoring unit is connected to the monitoring optical fiber.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a gas storage facility, comprising a drainage and leakage monitoring device for the gas storage facility as described above, and a primary support, a secondary lining, and a sealing layer arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, wherein the pipeline network is disposed between the primary support and the secondary lining.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention provides a drainage and leakage monitoring device, system, and gas storage facility for a gas storage tank. Rapid discharge of leaked gas can be achieved by laying a pipe network including corrugated pipes, exhaust pipes, and drainage pipes on the outside of the gas storage tank. Specifically, the exhaust pipes connect the crests of each corrugated pipe, and the drainage pipes connect the troughs of each corrugated pipe. Under normal drainage conditions, groundwater in the surrounding rock can reach between the primary support and secondary lining and enter the corrugated pipes through openings. Under gravity, the water can flow downwards along the corrugated pipes to the troughs and then be discharged through the drainage pipes. If... In the event of a leak in a gas storage facility, high-pressure gas can enter the corrugated pipe through nearby through-holes along the damaged sealing layer and secondary lining cracks. It then ascends along the corrugated pipe, gathers at the crest, and enters the exhaust pipe for venting. Due to the structure and shape of the corrugated pipe, natural flow separation can be achieved by utilizing the density difference between water and gas, thus creating a rapid gas leakage channel. The leaked high-pressure gas can be discharged upwards along the exhaust pipe in a timely manner, avoiding the situation where it lingers in the surrounding rock fissures and local drainage blind spots, which would cause delays in accident warnings. This allows for timely monitoring of gas storage facility leaks and improves monitoring and early warning efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 Plan view of the pipeline layout at the top of the gas storage facility.

[0025] Figure 2 Plan view of the pipeline layout for the gas storage tank.

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of the area marked "A".

[0027] Figure 4 Plan view of the pipeline layout at the bottom of the gas storage facility.

[0028] Figure 5 An elevation view of the gas storage facility and its external pipeline layout.

[0029] Marked in the image: 1. Pipeline network; 2. Corrugated pipeline; 21. Crest; 22. Trough; 3. Exhaust pipe; 4. Drainage pipe; 5. Gas storage tank; 6. Main exhaust pipe; 7. Main drainage pipe; 8. Valve; 9. Drainage pump; 10. Plug; 11. Manhole; 12. Access tunnel; 13. Sump well; 14. Pressure gauge; 15. Ground; 16. Pumping pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0032] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but that it can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0033] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0034] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and can even exceed nine.

[0035] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0036] Example 1 This embodiment provides a drainage and leakage monitoring device for gas storage facilities.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the figure, the drainage and leakage monitoring device for the gas storage tank in this embodiment includes a pipe network 1 wrapped around the outside of the gas storage tank 5. The pipe network 1 is located between the primary support and the secondary lining of the gas storage tank 5. The pipe network 1 includes multiple corrugated pipes 2 arranged vertically at intervals. The corrugated pipes 2 include multiple peaks 21 and troughs 22 arranged alternately in the circumference of the gas storage tank 5. The peaks 21 on adjacent corrugated pipes 2 are arranged correspondingly, and the troughs 22 on adjacent corrugated pipes 2 are arranged correspondingly. Exhaust pipes 3 are connected between the corresponding peaks 21 on the multiple corrugated pipes 2, and drain pipes 4 are connected between the corresponding troughs 22 on the multiple corrugated pipes 2. Multiple through holes are opened on the corrugated pipes 2.

[0038] This invention achieves rapid discharge of leaked gas by laying a pipe network 1, including corrugated pipes 2, exhaust pipes 3, and drainage pipes 4, on the outside of the gas storage 5. Specifically, the exhaust pipes 3 connect to the crests 21 of each corrugated pipe 2, and the drainage pipes 4 connect to the troughs 22 of each corrugated pipe 2. Under normal drainage conditions, groundwater in the surrounding rock can reach between the primary support and the secondary lining and enter the corrugated pipes 2 through the openings. Under gravity, the water can flow downwards along the corrugated pipes 2 to the troughs 22 and then enter the drainage pipes 4 for discharge. If a leak occurs in the gas storage 5... In the event of a leak, high-pressure gas can enter the corrugated pipe 2 through nearby through holes along the damaged sealing layer and secondary lining cracks. It then ascends along the corrugated pipe 2, gathers at the crest 21, and enters the exhaust pipe 3 to exhaust the gas. Due to the structure and shape of the corrugated pipe 2, it can utilize the difference in water and gas density to achieve natural flow separation, thus constructing a rapid gas leakage channel. The leaked high-pressure gas can be discharged upwards along the exhaust pipe 3 in a timely manner, avoiding the situation of stagnation in the surrounding rock cracks and local drainage blind spots, which would cause delays in accident warnings. This allows for timely monitoring of the gas storage tank 5 leakage situation and improves monitoring and early warning efficiency.

[0039] Specifically, the drainage and leakage monitoring device in this embodiment is mainly used in a large tank-type gas storage facility 5. Multiple corrugated pipes 2 are laid along the outer periphery of the large tank-type gas storage facility 5, and each layer is connected to form a ring. That is, each corrugated pipe 2 is arranged along the circumference of the gas storage facility 5, and the corrugated pipes 2 are spaced apart from each other along the axial direction (i.e., vertical direction) of the large tank-type gas storage facility 5. The drainage pipe 4 connects the troughs 22 that are arranged opposite to each other on the corrugated pipe 2. That is, the extension direction of the drainage pipe 4 on the tank body is consistent with the axial direction of the gas storage facility 5. The exhaust pipe 3 connects the peaks 21 that are set opposite to each corrugated pipe 2. The extension direction of the exhaust pipe 3 on the tank body is also consistent with the axis of the gas storage tank 5. Both the drain pipe 4 and the exhaust pipe 3 extend from the top of the tank to the bottom of the tank. Since the peaks 21 and troughs 22 on the corrugated pipe 2 are set alternately, the exhaust pipe 3 and the drain pipe 4 are also set alternately in the circumferential direction of the gas storage tank 5. Multiple through holes can also be opened on the drain pipe 4, so that groundwater in the surrounding rock fissures can directly enter the drain pipe 4, which can enhance the drainage performance.

[0040] The corrugated pipe 2 can be specifically formed as a sawtooth structure (as shown in the attached figure) or as a smooth sinusoidal waveform structure. The tooth spacing and tooth height of the sawtooth structure drainage pipe 4 can be determined according to the surrounding rock fissures and the size of the large tank gas storage 5. For example, the tooth spacing is 0.5~1.57m and the tooth height is 2m. The inner diameter of the large tank gas storage 5 can be selected as 40~45m. The surrounding rock of the gas storage 5 can withstand a high-pressure cyclic load of 8~15MPa.

[0041] In this embodiment, multiple monitoring optical fibers are installed on the outside of the gas storage tank 5.

[0042] The deployment of monitoring optical fibers is used to monitor leaks in gas storage 5 and locate the leak point. Specifically, based on the Rayleigh scattering effect, the monitoring optical fibers can capture acoustic vibration signals of gas storage 5 and the surrounding rock area in real time. When a leak occurs, the pressure difference releases energy and triggers acoustic emission. The vibration wave propagates along the surrounding rock and is captured by the optical fiber. The location of the leak point can be determined through the optical fiber signal, and emergency measures can be taken in time to prevent the leak from expanding further.

[0043] Optionally, the monitoring fiber optic cable is laid along the exhaust pipe 3.

[0044] Optionally, the monitoring fiber is installed in the exhaust pipe 3, and a waterproof layer is provided on the outside of the monitoring fiber.

[0045] The location for the monitoring fiber can be selected according to specific needs. For example, it can be laid along the exhaust pipe 3, specifically along the outer wall of the exhaust pipe 3, installed in the exhaust pipe 3, or set in the surrounding rock outside the exhaust pipe 3. When the fiber is set in the exhaust pipe 3, the outside of the fiber needs to be wrapped with a waterproof layer to avoid the influence of water flow entering the exhaust pipe 3. Specifically, the waterproof layer can be the armored protective layer wrapped around the fiber.

[0046] A monitoring optical fiber is laid along the inside of the exhaust pipe 3 to capture acoustic signals at corresponding locations within the pipe. This fiber connects to a fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing system (DAS) (not shown in the figure) located on the ground 15. Based on the Rayleigh scattering effect, the DAS captures acoustic emission signals generated by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the gas storage tank 5 during a leak by analyzing the phase change of the backscattered light in the monitoring fiber in real time. When a leak occurs, the vibration wave propagates along the surrounding rock or pipe wall of the gas storage tank 5. By analyzing the acoustic wave spectrum characteristics and propagation delay, the DAS can achieve three-dimensional location of the leak point and prediction of the leak diameter.

[0047] In this embodiment, the drainage and leakage monitoring device also includes an exhaust pipe 6, which is located above the gas storage tank 5. Each exhaust pipe 3 converges at the top of the gas storage tank 5 and is connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe 6. The upper end of the exhaust pipe 6 is connected to the ground 15.

[0048] The exhaust main pipe 6 is used to collect any leaking high-pressure gas that may occur in each exhaust pipe 3 and guide the leaking gas to the ground 15 to prevent the leaking gas from accumulating underground. It can also detect the flow rate and pressure of the leaking gas through ground equipment to determine the severity of the leak and make appropriate emergency measures.

[0049] In this embodiment, the drainage and leakage monitoring device further includes a drainage main pipe 7, which is located below the gas storage tank 5. Each drainage pipe 4 converges at the bottom of the gas storage tank 5 and is connected to the inlet end of the drainage main pipe 7.

[0050] The main drainage pipe 7 is used to collect groundwater from each drainage pipe 4 to achieve drainage. The groundwater in each drainage pipe 4 can flow naturally into the main drainage pipe 7 by gravity to achieve groundwater collection.

[0051] In this embodiment, a valve 8 is provided on the main drainage pipe 7.

[0052] The drainage process of the drainage pipe 4 can be controlled by opening and closing valve 8 and controlling the opening degree of valve 8. Specifically, when the gas storage 5 is in a high-pressure state during operation, valve 8 can be closed to prevent groundwater in the surrounding rock of the gas storage 5 from being discharged, thus maintaining a sufficient groundwater head and temporarily storing the groundwater in the pipe network 1. This allows the gas storage 5 to maintain a sufficiently large external water pressure to balance the high internal pressure inside the cavern. When the gas storage 5 is in a depressurization state during maintenance, valve 8 can be opened to discharge groundwater, reduce the groundwater head, and thus reduce the external water pressure until the groundwater level around the gas storage 5 drops to the bottom of the gas storage 5. This prevents the external pressure of the gas storage 5 from being much greater than the internal pressure, which could cause instability of the sealing layer of the gas storage 5 and thus prevent damage to the lining structure and sealing structure of the gas storage 5. The drainage process can be carried out simultaneously with the depressurization process of the gas storage 5. During this period, the opening degree of valve 8 can be adjusted to control the drainage flow rate and speed, so that the internal and external pressure difference of the gas storage 5 can always be kept within a safe range.

[0053] In this embodiment, the drainage and leakage monitoring device further includes a drainage pump 9, which is connected to the outlet end of the drainage main pipe 7.

[0054] The drainage pump 9 can pump groundwater flowing downwards into the drainage main pipe 7 upwards to the ground surface 15, ultimately achieving a complete groundwater drainage process. During the maintenance period of the gas storage facility 5, when depressurizing and draining, the drainage pump 9 and valve 8 need to be turned on. During the operation period of the gas storage facility 5, when drainage is suspended, the drainage pump 9 and valve 8 need to be turned off.

[0055] Specifically, a plug 10 is provided on one side of the bottom of the gas storage 5. A maintenance manhole 11 is located in the center of the plug 10. The maintenance manhole 11 serves as a maintenance passage and can be opened after depressurization during the cavern maintenance period to allow maintenance personnel and equipment to enter and exit the gas storage 5. The two ends of the maintenance manhole 11 can connect to the gas storage 5 and the access tunnel 12, respectively. A water collection well 13 is located at the bottom of the access tunnel 12. A main drainage pipe 7 extends into the water collection well 13. A valve 8 is installed at the end of the main drainage pipe 7 and can be opened to allow groundwater collected in the main drainage pipe 7 to enter the water collection well 13 for storage. A drainage pump 9 is installed in the water collection well 13. When the groundwater in the water collection well 13 is full and needs to be discharged, the drainage pump 9 can be activated to discharge the groundwater stored in the water collection well 13. A pumping pipe 16 connected to the drainage pump 9 passes through the access tunnel 12, and the groundwater pumped by the drainage pump 9 is pumped to the surface through the pumping pipe 16 in the access tunnel 12. It should be noted that… Figure 5The corrugated pipe 2 has been omitted from the pipeline network 1 outside the gas storage 5 shown in the diagram.

[0056] The exhaust pipe 6 can extend upwards to the ground 15, and a pressure gauge 14 is installed at the upper end of the exhaust pipe 6 to monitor the pressure of leaked gas.

[0057] Example 2 This embodiment provides a drainage and leakage monitoring system for gas storage facilities.

[0058] The drainage and leakage monitoring system for a gas storage facility in this embodiment includes a monitoring unit and the drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility as described in Embodiment 1. The monitoring unit is connected to a monitoring optical fiber. Here, the monitoring unit can be a fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing system (DAS).

[0059] This invention deeply integrates a fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing system (DAS) with a sawtooth drainage pipe network to construct a drainage and leakage monitoring system for an underground gas storage tank. The DAS system, based on the Rayleigh scattering effect, captures acoustic vibration signals from the gas tank and surrounding rock area in real time via sensing optical fibers. When a leak occurs, the pressure difference releases energy, triggering acoustic emission. The vibration wave propagates along the surrounding rock and is captured by the optical fiber. Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry is then used to analyze the acoustic spectrum characteristics. The sawtooth drainage pipes are arranged in a layered ring along the tank surface, with their peaks 21 and troughs 22 connecting to the gas collection pipe and water collection pipe, respectively. The difference in water and gas density enables natural flow separation, avoiding fluid interference with the acoustic signal and ensuring the independence of the monitoring data.

[0060] The system achieves accurate leak identification through multi-source data fusion: the acoustic signal extracted by the DAS system is dynamically correlated with the flow rate of the water collection pipe and the pressure of the gas collection pipe. A sudden increase in acoustic energy accompanied by abnormal flow triggers an initial leak warning. The system combines acoustic signature matching algorithms to distinguish the type of leak (such as cracks or perforations) and uses a three-dimensional acoustic propagation model to locate the spatial coordinates of the leak point. Distributed optical fibers synchronously monitor the temperature gradient and tank strain in the leak area, cross-validate the acoustic positioning results, eliminate external interference signals, and improve the reliability of the judgment.

[0061] This design breaks through the limitations of traditional monitoring technologies. The DAS system achieves all-weather, wide-area leakage detection, and the passive characteristics of optical fibers are suitable for high-risk, high-pressure environments. The sawtooth-shaped flow guiding network is coupled with the sensing system, balancing efficient water-air separation with accurate signal acquisition. The modular structure facilitates local maintenance and system expansion. Its strategy of integrating physical flow guiding and intelligent analysis provides a full-chain solution for compressed air energy storage facilities, from leakage early warning to risk management, driving the evolution of large-scale energy storage systems towards safety and intelligence.

[0062] Compared to traditional technologies, this invention addresses the pain points of traditional gas storage facilities—such as reliance on manual intervention for water-gas separation, delayed leak detection, and ambiguous location—by deeply integrating the physical flow guidance of the sawtooth-shaped drainage pipe 4 with the acoustic sensing of the DAS system. The DAS technology achieves all-weather, blind-spot-free capture of leak acoustic signals, and combined with multi-source data cross-validation, significantly improves early warning capabilities and location accuracy for leak events. The sawtooth-shaped flow guidance network reduces separation energy consumption through natural water-gas stratification while avoiding fluid dynamic interference with monitoring signals. The modular structural design adapts to various gas storage scenarios, balancing efficient operation and maintenance with system scalability, providing an integrated safety barrier for compressed air energy storage facilities from real-time perception to precise decision-making, and driving the industry towards intelligent and highly reliable upgrades.

[0063] Example 3 This embodiment provides a gas storage facility.

[0064] The gas storage facility in this embodiment includes the drainage and leakage monitoring device for the gas storage facility of embodiment 1, as well as the primary support, secondary lining and sealing layer (not shown in the figure) arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, with the pipeline network 1 arranged between the primary support and the secondary lining.

[0065] In summary, this invention provides a drainage and leakage monitoring device, system, and gas storage facility for a gas storage tank. By deploying a pipe network including corrugated pipes, exhaust pipes, and drainage pipes on the outside of the gas storage tank, rapid discharge of leaked gas can be achieved. Specifically, the exhaust pipes connect the crests of each corrugated pipe, and the drainage pipes connect the troughs of each corrugated pipe. Under normal drainage conditions, groundwater in the surrounding rock can reach between the primary support and secondary lining and enter the corrugated pipes through openings. Under gravity, the water can flow downwards along the corrugated pipes to the troughs and then enter the drainage pipes for discharge. If a leak occurs in the gas storage facility, the high-pressure gas can enter the corrugated pipe through the nearby through-holes along the damaged sealing layer and secondary lining cracks. It will then rise along the corrugated pipe, gather at the crest, and enter the exhaust pipe to release the gas. Due to the structure and shape of the corrugated pipe, it can utilize the difference in water and gas density to achieve natural flow separation, thus creating a rapid gas leakage channel. The leaked high-pressure gas can be discharged upwards along the exhaust pipe in a timely manner, avoiding the situation of stagnation in the surrounding rock cracks and local drainage blind spots, which would cause delays in accident warnings. This allows for timely monitoring of gas storage facility leaks and improves monitoring and early warning efficiency.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility, characterized in that, The system includes a pipe network (1) wrapped around the outside of the gas storage tank (5). The pipe network (1) is located between the primary support and the secondary lining of the gas storage tank (5). The pipe network (1) includes several corrugated pipes (2) arranged vertically at intervals. The corrugated pipes (2) include several peaks (21) and valleys (22) arranged alternately around the gas storage tank (5). The peaks (21) on adjacent corrugated pipes (2) are arranged correspondingly, and the valleys (22) on adjacent corrugated pipes (2) are arranged correspondingly. An exhaust pipe (3) is connected between the corresponding peaks (21) on several corrugated pipes (2), and a drain pipe (4) is connected between the corresponding valleys (22) on several corrugated pipes (2). Several through holes are opened on the corrugated pipes (2).

2. The drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several monitoring optical fibers are installed on the outside of the gas storage tank (5).

3. The drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility according to claim 2, characterized in that, The monitoring optical fiber is laid along the exhaust pipe (3).

4. The drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility according to claim 3, characterized in that, The monitoring optical fiber is installed in the exhaust pipe (3), and a waterproof layer is provided on the outside of the monitoring optical fiber.

5. The drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an exhaust pipe (6), which is located above the gas storage tank (5). Several exhaust pipes (3) converge at the top of the gas storage tank (5) and are connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe (6). The upper end of the exhaust pipe (6) is connected to the ground (15).

6. The drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a drainage main pipe (7), which is located below the gas storage tank (5), and several drainage pipes (4) converge at the bottom of the gas storage tank (5) and are connected to the inlet end of the drainage main pipe (7).

7. The drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility according to claim 6, characterized in that, The main drainage pipe (7) is equipped with a valve (8).

8. The drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a drain pump (9) connected to the outlet end of the main drain pipe (7).

9. A drainage and leakage monitoring system for a gas storage facility, characterized in that, It includes a monitoring unit and a drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility as described in any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the monitoring unit is connected to the monitoring optical fiber.

10. A gas storage facility, characterized in that, The device includes a drainage and leakage monitoring device for a gas storage facility as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and a primary support, a secondary lining, and a sealing layer arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, wherein the pipeline (1) is located between the primary support and the secondary lining.

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