Device for simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau area and flue gas online analysis system

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for simulating open forest fire combustion in a plateau area and a flue gas online analysis system, and belongs to the technical field of forest fire flue gas prevention and control. The flue gas collecting system is arranged over the combustion platform, a gas outlet of the flue gas collecting system is connected with the sampling system, an outlet of the sampling system is connected with the flue gas online analyzer, the device is simpler in overall structure and easy to operate, all parts of the combustion device are detachable, and the combustion device is convenient to use. The device is convenient to carry to different altitudes of areas to carry out simulation experiments, meanwhile, the open forest fire combustion device is combined with a flue gas online analyzer, real-time monitoring of gaseous pollutants discharged by forest fire is achieved, and the concentration of air pollutants discharged by each stage of forest fire combustion is accurately recorded through real-time monitoring of the pollutants discharged by the forest fire. And the emission factors of the pollutants are calculated by adopting a carbon balance method, so that the influence of different conditions on the forest fire emission pollutants can be more accurately researched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest fire smoke control technology, and in particular to a device and an online smoke analysis system for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions. Background Technology

[0002] Emission factors for the same pollutant can vary greatly in different regions. Therefore, it is important to use localized parameters to assess the impact of forest fire emissions. The more detailed the emission factor data based on real-world scenarios, the more accurate the subsequent emission inventory construction and effect assessment will be.

[0003] Currently, closed-loop combustion devices are commonly used for forest fire simulation experiments, but there is a particular lack of research on forest fire simulations at different altitudes. However, in reality, most forest fires are open-air combustions, and high-altitude areas are sensitive to climate and environment in my country. Using data from closed-loop forest fire simulation experiments to study the impact of different altitudes and conditions on the emission factors of forest fire pollutants, as well as the impact of pollutants on human health and the ecological environment, may lead to biases. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and an online flue gas analysis system for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device for simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau areas, comprising a combustion platform, a flue gas collection system, a dilution system, and a particulate matter collection system. The flue gas collection system is located directly above the combustion platform and is used to collect biomass combustion flue gas generated by the combustion platform. The inlet of the flue gas collection system is connected to a gas pipeline for retaining the flue gas, and the outlet of the flue gas collection system is connected to a sampling system. The sampling system includes a dilution system and a particulate matter collection system, and the outlet of the sampling system is connected to an online flue gas analyzer.

[0006] The combustion platform includes a support platform and a grid combustion rack, with the grid combustion rack positioned on top of the support platform. The flue gas collection system includes a flue gas collection hood, which is positioned directly above the outside of the support platform. A first metal flexible hose is connected to the top of the flue gas collection hood, and a straight pipe is connected to the first metal flexible hose. A sampling port is provided on the straight pipe, and a second metal flexible hose is connected to the end of the straight pipe away from the first metal flexible hose. An exhaust fan is connected to one end of the second metal flexible hose.

[0007] Furthermore, the sampling port is connected to a dilution system, which includes a dilution chamber connected to the sampling port via a metal pipe. The dilution chamber is connected to a first air pump, and a first flow meter is connected to one side of the first air pump connected to the dilution chamber. A first drying tube is connected to the other side of the first air pump.

[0008] Furthermore, the end of the dilution chamber furthest from the sampling port is connected to a particulate matter collection system, which includes a sampling device. A PM2.5 filter is installed between the sampling device and the dilution chamber. 2.5 Cutter.

[0009] Furthermore, the output end of the sampling device is connected to the online flue gas analyzer, and a second flow meter, a second air pump, and a second drying tube are sequentially connected between the sampling device and the online flue gas analyzer.

[0010] Furthermore, an online flue gas analysis system simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau regions is applied in the aforementioned device for simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau regions. The online flue gas analysis system simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau regions is installed in an online flue gas analyzer, characterized in that it includes:

[0011] The combustion condition monitoring module is configured to collect key environmental and operational parameters in real time during the forest fire combustion process. It collects ambient temperature, ambient air pressure, wind speed, biomass moisture content, combustion temperature and oxygen supply flow rate in the combustion area through sensors.

[0012] The pollutant monitoring module is configured to be linked to an online flue gas analyzer to collect real-time air pollutant concentration data throughout the entire stage of forest fire combustion.

[0013] The emission factor calculation module is configured to calculate the emission factors of pollutants under different combustion stages and conditions by combining pollutant concentration data and biomass combustion characteristic parameters based on the carbon balance method.

[0014] The data output module is configured to standardize and output pollutant concentration data and emission factor analysis results in multiple formats.

[0015] Furthermore, the monitoring process of the pollutant monitoring module includes:

[0016] The system establishes a pre-defined standard for determining the combustion stages of forest fires. These stages include the pre-ignition, open flame, smoldering, and glow stage. The system automatically classifies the combustion stages by receiving combustion temperature data from a combustion condition monitoring module and calculating the corrected combustion efficiency (MCE) based on real-time changes in CO and CO2 concentrations. Generally, an MCE > 0.9 indicates the open flame stage, an MCE < 0.9 indicates the smoldering stage, and an MCE < 0.65 or a slowly rising MCE that no longer reflects the combustion state indicates the glow stage.

[0017] For each combustion stage, a corresponding concentration sampling frequency is set;

[0018] The concentration data of CO, CO2, CH4, NOx, SO2 and fine particulate matter are collected simultaneously by the flue gas online analyzer. At the same time, the combustion stage identifier, collection time and corresponding combustion condition parameters are recorded for each data point.

[0019] Outliers were removed from the collected concentration data to generate standardized concentration datasets for each stage.

[0020] Furthermore, for each combustion stage, a corresponding concentration sampling frequency is set, including:

[0021] The sampling frequency was set to 1 time / 2 seconds before ignition and during the open flame stage, 1 time / 10 seconds during the smoldering stage, and 1 time / 30 seconds during the glowing stage.

[0022] Furthermore, the calculation process of the emission factor calculation module for pollutant emission factors under different combustion stages and conditions includes:

[0023] The initial mass and moisture content of the biomass to be burned are obtained through manual input, and the dry weight of the biomass is calculated; the concentration data of CO, CO2 and CH4 are obtained through the pollutant monitoring module and converted into a unified unit; the flue gas flow rate data is obtained from the flue gas collection system of the combustion platform; and the combustion duration is recorded.

[0024] Calculate the total carbon emissions, obtain the initial carbon content of burning biomass, and calculate the theoretical carbon emissions; calculate the carbon balance coefficient based on the carbon balance principle;

[0025] The emission factor for each pollutant is calculated based on the average concentration and molar mass of the target pollutant, and the emission factor is corrected based on the ambient temperature and ambient air pressure collected by the combustion conditions monitoring module.

[0026] Furthermore, the data output module standardizes processing and provides multi-format output, specifically including:

[0027] The pollutant concentration data are organized into a time-series data table according to the combustion stage. The time-series data table includes the name of the combustion stage, the collection time, the concentration value of each pollutant, and the data validity identifier.

[0028] The emission factor results are classified and statistically analyzed to generate a summary table of emission factors categorized by pollutant type and combustion conditions;

[0029] It offers export options in different data formats and provides a data interface for connecting with third-party research databases.

[0030] Furthermore, the ambient temperature, ambient air pressure, wind speed, biomass moisture content, combustion temperature, and oxygen supply flow rate in the combustion condition monitoring module can be manually input based on the actual conditions of the simulated location and the equipment and materials used in the simulation experiment.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] 1. The device for simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau regions according to the present invention has a simpler structure and is easier to operate. All parts of the combustion device are detachable and can be placed in the trunk of a car for easy transport to different altitudes for simulation experiments. Furthermore, by combining the open forest fire combustion device with an online flue gas analyzer, real-time monitoring of gaseous pollutants emitted by forest fires is achieved. Through real-time monitoring of forest fire pollutants, the concentration of air pollutants emitted at each stage of forest fire combustion can be accurately recorded. The emission factors of pollutants are calculated using the carbon balance method, enabling more accurate research on the impact of different conditions on forest fire pollutants and providing researchers in related fields with more accurate data on forest fire pollutants.

[0033] 2. The pollutant monitoring and linkage flue gas online analyzer of the present invention realizes the simultaneous collection of gaseous pollutants and fine particulate matter. The emission factor calculation module is based on the carbon balance method combined with plateau environmental parameter correction, which solves the data deviation problem caused by the traditional calculation method ignoring the influence of low air pressure and low temperature at high altitudes. The entire system relies on a detachable and portable combustion device, which can carry out field simulation experiments in different altitude areas. It fills the gap in the existing forest fire emission research, which mostly relies on laboratory simulation and is out of touch with the actual plateau scenario. It provides more realistic basic data support for forest fire pollution prevention and control, air quality prediction and other fields.

[0034] 3. This invention achieves dynamic stage division of the entire combustion cycle by pre-setting scientific combustion stage determination criteria. It sets different collection frequencies according to the characteristics of pollutant concentration fluctuations in different stages, which not only ensures the data integrity of the volatile stages such as pre-ignition and open flame stages, but also avoids invalid data redundancy in the smoldering and glowing stages, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of data collection. By synchronously recording concentration data with the corresponding combustion stage, collection time and combustion condition parameters, it provides a complete data chain for subsequent analysis of the impact of different conditions on pollutant emissions. The monitoring process can automatically complete stage identification, frequency adjustment and data verification without manual intervention, which greatly reduces the difficulty of experimental operation, while ensuring the continuity and consistency of data. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas online analysis system of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Flue gas collection hood; 2. Support platform; 3. Grid combustion frame; 4. First metal hose; 5. Sampling port; 6. Second metal hose; 7. Exhaust fan; 8. Metal pipe; 9. Dilution chamber; 10. First flow meter; 11. First air pump; 12. First drying tube; 13. PM 2.5 14. Cutter; 15. Sampling equipment; 16. Second flow meter; 17. Second air pump; 18. Second drying tube; 19. Online flue gas analyzer. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Please see Figure 1-2 The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0040] A device for simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau areas includes a combustion platform, a flue gas collection system, a dilution system, and a particulate matter collection system. The flue gas collection system is located directly above the combustion platform and is used to collect biomass combustion flue gas generated by the combustion platform. The inlet of the flue gas collection system is connected to a gas pipeline for retaining the flue gas, and the outlet of the flue gas collection system is connected to a sampling system. The sampling system includes a dilution system and a particulate matter collection system, and the outlet of the sampling system is connected to an online flue gas analyzer 18.

[0041] The combustion platform includes a support platform 2 and a grid combustion rack 3. The grid combustion rack 3 is located on top of the support platform 2 and has dimensions of 50cm × 50cm. The support platform 2 has dimensions of 110cm × 110cm. The flue gas collection system includes a flue gas collection hood 1, which is positioned directly above the support platform 2 and has dimensions of 110cm × 110cm × 55cm. A first metal flexible hose 4 is connected to the top of the flue gas collection hood 1. A straight pipe is connected to the first metal flexible hose 4, and a sampling port 5 is opened on the straight pipe. A second metal flexible hose 6 is connected to the end of the straight pipe away from the first metal flexible hose 4. An exhaust fan 7 is connected to one end of the second metal flexible hose 6. The first metal flexible hose 4 is a 1m long pipe with dimensions of DN200 × 5, and the second metal flexible hose 6 is a 5m long pipe with dimensions of DN200 × 5. The exhaust fan 7 has an exhaust velocity of 330m / s. 3 / h.

[0042] Sampling port 5 is connected to a dilution system, which includes a dilution chamber 9. The dilution chamber 9 is connected to the sampling port 5 through a metal pipe 8. The dilution chamber 9 is connected to a first air pump 11. A first flow meter 11 is connected to one side of the first air pump 11 connected to the dilution chamber 9, and a first drying tube 12 is connected to the other side of the first air pump 11.

[0043] The end of the dilution chamber 9 furthest from the sampling port 5 is connected to the particulate matter collection system, which includes a sampling device 14. A PM2.5 filter is installed between the sampling device 14 and the dilution chamber 9. 2.5 The cutter 13 uses an air pump 11 to draw clean, dry air from the environment into the dilution chamber 9 to control the dilution ratio. The diluted flue gas then passes through a PM2.5 filter. 2.5 The cutter 13 then passes through a sampling device 14 equipped with a quartz filter membrane, where fine particulate matter from the flue gas is collected onto the quartz filter membrane.

[0044] The output of the sampling device 14 is connected to the flue gas online analyzer 18. A second flow meter 15, a second air pump 16, and a second drying tube 17 are connected in sequence between the sampling device 14 and the flue gas online analyzer 18. The flue gas online analyzer 18 analyzes and records the real-time data of CO, CO2, CH4, NOx, and SO2 in the flue gas.

[0045] In the above embodiments, the device for simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau regions in this invention has a simpler structure and is easier to operate. All parts of the combustion device are detachable and can be placed in a car trunk for easy transport to different altitudes for simulation experiments. Furthermore, combining the open forest fire combustion device with an online flue gas analyzer enables real-time monitoring of gaseous pollutants emitted from forest fires. This real-time monitoring accurately records the concentration of air pollutants emitted at each stage of forest fire combustion, and the carbon balance method is used to calculate the emission factors of pollutants. This allows for a more accurate study of the impact of different conditions on forest fire pollutants, providing researchers in related fields with more accurate data on forest fire pollutants.

[0046] An online flue gas analysis system simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau regions is applied in the aforementioned apparatus for simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau regions. The online flue gas analysis system simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau regions is installed in the online flue gas analyzer 18 and includes:

[0047] The combustion condition monitoring module is configured to collect key environmental and operational parameters during the forest fire combustion process in real time. Through sensors, it collects the ambient temperature, ambient air pressure, wind speed, biomass moisture content, combustion temperature and oxygen supply flow rate of the combustion area. The ambient temperature, ambient air pressure, wind speed, biomass moisture content, combustion temperature and oxygen supply flow rate can be manually input according to the actual situation of the simulated location and the equipment and materials of the simulation experiment.

[0048] The pollutant monitoring module is configured to be linked to the online flue gas analyzer 18 to collect air pollutant concentration data in real time throughout the entire stage of forest fire combustion.

[0049] The emission factor calculation module is configured to calculate the emission factors of pollutants under different combustion stages and conditions by combining pollutant concentration data and biomass combustion characteristic parameters based on the carbon balance method.

[0050] The data output module is configured to standardize and output pollutant concentration data and emission factor analysis results in multiple formats.

[0051] In the above embodiments, the combustion condition monitoring module supports real-time acquisition of key parameters by sensors and also allows manual input of data based on simulated scenarios, balancing automation and flexibility in data acquisition and ensuring the accuracy of parameter acquisition under different altitudes and experimental conditions. The pollutant monitoring module is linked with the flue gas online analyzer to achieve simultaneous acquisition of gaseous pollutants and fine particulate matter. The emission factor calculation module, based on the carbon balance method combined with plateau environmental parameter correction, solves the data deviation problem caused by the traditional calculation method ignoring the influence of low air pressure and low temperature at high altitudes. The entire system relies on a detachable and portable combustion device, enabling on-site simulation experiments in different altitude areas. This fills the gap in existing forest fire emission research, which relies heavily on laboratory simulations and is disconnected from actual plateau scenarios, providing more realistic basic data support for forest fire pollution prevention and control, air quality prediction, and other fields.

[0052] The monitoring process of the pollutant monitoring module includes:

[0053] The system has preset criteria for determining the stages of forest fire combustion. The combustion stages include the pre-ignition stage (combustion temperature rises from room temperature to 300℃, duration 0~10min), the open flame stage (combustion temperature 300℃~1000℃, duration 10~60min), the smoldering stage (combustion temperature drops from 1000℃ to 300℃, duration 60~90min), and the glow stage (combustion temperature below 300℃, duration 90~120min). The system automatically classifies the current combustion stage by receiving combustion temperature data from the combustion condition monitoring module and calculating in real time using MCE.

[0054] For each combustion stage, a corresponding concentration sampling frequency is set. Before ignition and during the open flame stage, the sampling frequency is set to 1 time / 2 seconds because the pollutant concentration fluctuates greatly. During the smoldering stage, the pollutant concentration is relatively stable, so the sampling frequency is set to 1 time / 10 seconds. During the glow stage, the sampling frequency is set to 1 time / 30 seconds.

[0055] The concentration data of CO, CO2, CH4, NOx, SO2 and fine particulate matter are collected simultaneously by the flue gas online analyzer 18, and the combustion stage identifier, collection time and corresponding combustion condition parameters corresponding to each data point are recorded.

[0056] Outliers were removed from the collected concentration data to generate standardized concentration datasets for each stage.

[0057] In the above embodiments, by pre-setting scientific combustion stage determination criteria, dynamic stage division of the entire combustion cycle is realized. The sampling frequency is set differently according to the characteristics of pollutant concentration fluctuations in different stages. This ensures the data integrity of stages with drastic fluctuations such as before ignition and open flame stages, while avoiding invalid data redundancy in smoldering and glow stages. This significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of data acquisition. By synchronously recording concentration data with the corresponding combustion stage, sampling time, and combustion condition parameters, a complete data chain is provided for subsequent analysis of the impact of different conditions on pollutant emissions. The monitoring process can automatically complete stage identification, frequency adjustment, and data verification without manual intervention, greatly reducing the difficulty of experimental operation while ensuring the continuity and consistency of data.

[0058] The emission factor calculation module calculates the emission factors of pollutants under different combustion stages and conditions. The calculation process includes:

[0059] The initial mass and moisture content of the biomass to be burned are obtained through manual input, and the dry weight of the biomass is calculated; the concentration data of CO, CO2 and CH4 are obtained through the pollutant monitoring module and converted into a unified unit; the flue gas flow rate data are obtained from the flue gas collection system of the combustion platform, and the actual flue gas flow rate is determined based on the exhaust rate of exhaust fan 7 and the pipe loss coefficient; the combustion duration is recorded.

[0060] Calculate the total carbon emissions, obtain the initial carbon content of burning biomass, and calculate the theoretical carbon emissions; calculate the carbon balance coefficient based on the carbon balance principle;

[0061] The emission factor for each pollutant is calculated based on the average concentration and molar mass of the target pollutant. The emission factor is corrected based on the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure collected by the combustion condition monitoring module. The correction ensures that the emission factor data conforms to the actual emission situation under the low atmospheric pressure and low temperature environment of the plateau.

[0062] In the above embodiments, through multi-dimensional data fusion and scientific algorithm design, accurate calculation of pollutant emission factors in plateau environments is achieved. This allows for flexible adaptation to the characteristic parameter input requirements of different experimental materials, ensuring the objectivity of key data such as flue gas flow rate. The dual calculation of total carbon emissions and theoretical carbon emissions, combined with the introduction of the carbon balance coefficient, effectively corrects the carbon loss error during combustion, making the emission factor calculation more consistent with actual combustion patterns. Addressing the unique characteristics of the plateau environment, specific corrections to the emission factors are made using ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, resolving the applicability issues caused by traditional emission factor calculation methods not considering plateau climate conditions. This significantly enhances the application value of the data in plateau regions, accurately outputting emission factors under different combustion stages and experimental conditions, providing core data support for the quantitative analysis of the impact of various factors on forest fire pollutant emissions.

[0063] The data output module features standardized processing and multi-format output, specifically including:

[0064] The pollutant concentration data were organized into a time-series data table according to the combustion stage. The time-series data table includes the name of the combustion stage, the collection time, the concentration value of each pollutant, and the data validity indicator.

[0065] The emission factor results are classified and statistically analyzed to generate a summary table of emission factors categorized by pollutant type and combustion conditions;

[0066] It offers export options in various data formats, including Excel, CSV, and PDF, and also provides a data interface for connecting with third-party research databases.

[0067] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments:

[0068] Yunnan Province in my country boasts abundant forest resources, diverse species, complex terrain, and varying altitudes. Frequent forest fires make it a natural experimental field for studying the influence of different altitudes on forest fire pollutant emission factors. Based on the research objectives, this study selected and deployed sites at different altitudes, assembled a device simulating open forest fire combustion in high-altitude areas, and integrated an online flue gas analysis system. By controlling for single variables, the study investigated the mechanism by which altitude affects forest fire pollutant emission factors.

[0069] Based on the selection of different altitude regions and the topographical features of Yunnan Province, six representative locations were chosen to ensure coverage of a broad gradient from low to high altitudes, thereby enabling a systematic assessment of the impact of altitude changes on forest fire pollutant emission factors. The field simulation sample points are as follows:

[0070] 1. Hekou County, with an average altitude of about 338 meters, selected locations at an altitude of about 100 meters;

[0071] 2. Wenshan City, with an average altitude of about 1000 meters, selected a location at an altitude of about 700 meters;

[0072] 3. Pu'er City, with an average altitude of about 1302 meters, selected locations at an altitude of about 1300 meters;

[0073] 4. Kunming City, with an average altitude of approximately 1891 meters, selected locations at an altitude of around 1900 meters;

[0074] 5. Lijiang City, with an average altitude of about 2418 meters, selected locations at an altitude of about 2500 meters;

[0075] 6. Shangri-La City, with an average altitude of about 3459 meters, selected a location at an altitude of about 3100 meters.

[0076] The above six sampling points are arranged in a 600-meter gradient, with an altitude range from 100 meters to 3100 meters. They cover the main forest types in Yunnan Province (tropical rainforest, subtropical evergreen forest, and cold temperate coniferous forest) and high-risk fire areas, meeting the needs of different altitudes and ensuring the spatial representativeness of the data.

[0077] In this embodiment, the research object is the fresh Yunnan pine trunk collected in Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. The collection time is during the peak forest fire season in Yunnan Province. The Yunnan pine was dried in an oven at 105℃ to constant weight, and the length and thickness of the Yunnan pine were standardized.

[0078] The processed fuel was divided into six equal portions and sent to six selected areas with different altitude gradients for field combustion experiments. In this example, Kunming City was selected as the laboratory for simulating forest fire combustion. The laboratory was located at an altitude of about 1,900 meters in Kunming City and had the conditions for conducting field simulation experiments, such as convenient transportation, safe experimental site, and local support.

[0079] At six selected locations, devices simulating open forest fire combustion in plateau regions and online flue gas analysis systems were assembled. Simulation conditions consistent with those in the laboratory were established, and the latitude and longitude of each location, temperature, humidity, and wind speed on the day of the experiment were recorded. Forest fire simulation tests were conducted at different altitudes. Except for altitude, the field simulation combustion experiments were kept consistent with the laboratory simulation combustion conditions, and combustion process parameters were recorded.

[0080] Install the quartz filter membrane, turn on the exhaust fan and air pump and adjust the appropriate dilution ratio, place the treated Yunnan pine wood on the combustion platform, and ignite it with a butane lighter, recording the ignition time.

[0081] All the flue gas produced by the Yunnan pine wood will be collected by the flue gas collection system directly above the combustion platform. A sampling system connected 1m away from the flue gas collection hood outlet will extract a portion of the flue gas through a vacuum pump.

[0082] This portion of the flue gas is diluted proportionally in the dilution chamber. The diluted flue gas then passes through a PM2.5 cutter and then through a sampling device equipped with a quartz filter membrane, where fine particulate matter from the flue gas is collected onto the quartz filter membrane.

[0083] After particulate matter in the flue gas is intercepted by the quartz filter membrane, it passes through the drying tube and then through the flue gas online analyzer, which records real-time data of CO, CO2, CH4, NOx, and SO2 in the flue gas.

[0084] After a set of combustion experiments were completed, the data were exported and the emission factors were calculated using the carbon balance method through an online flue gas analysis system.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions, comprising a combustion platform, a smoke collection system, a dilution system, and a particulate matter collection system, characterized in that, The flue gas collection system is located directly above the combustion platform. The flue gas collection system is used to collect the biomass combustion flue gas generated by the combustion platform. The inlet of the flue gas collection system is connected to a gas pipeline for retaining the flue gas. The outlet of the flue gas collection system is connected to a sampling system. The sampling system includes a dilution system and a particulate matter collection system. The outlet of the sampling system is connected to an online flue gas analyzer (18). The combustion platform includes a support platform (2) and a grid combustion rack (3). The grid combustion rack (3) is located on the top of the support platform (2). The flue gas collection system includes a flue gas collection hood (1). The flue gas collection hood (1) is located directly above the outside of the support platform (2). A first metal hose (4) is connected to the top of the flue gas collection hood (1). A straight pipe is connected to the first metal hose (4). A sampling port (5) is opened on the straight pipe. A second metal hose (6) is connected to the end of the straight pipe away from the first metal hose (4). An exhaust fan (7) is connected to the end of the second metal hose (6).

2. The device for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling port (5) is connected to the dilution system, which includes a dilution chamber (9). The dilution chamber (9) is connected to the sampling port (5) through a metal pipe (8). The dilution chamber (9) is connected to a first air pump (11). A first flow meter (11) is connected to one side of the first air pump (11) connected to the dilution chamber (9), and a first drying tube (12) is connected to the other side of the first air pump (11).

3. The device for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The end of the dilution chamber (9) furthest from the sampling port (5) is connected to a particulate matter collection system, which includes a sampling device (14). A PM2.5 exchange device is provided between the sampling device (14) and the dilution chamber (9). 2.5 Cutter (13).

4. The device for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The output end of the sampling device (14) is connected to the flue gas online analyzer (18). A second flow meter (15), a second air pump (16), and a second drying tube (17) are connected in sequence between the sampling device (14) and the flue gas online analyzer (18).

5. An online flue gas analysis system for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions, applied in the apparatus for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions as described in claim 4, wherein the online flue gas analysis system for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions is installed in an online flue gas analyzer (18), characterized in that, include: The combustion condition monitoring module is configured to collect key environmental and operational parameters in real time during the forest fire combustion process. It collects ambient temperature, ambient air pressure, wind speed, biomass moisture content, combustion temperature and oxygen supply flow rate in the combustion area through sensors. The pollutant monitoring module is configured as a linked flue gas online analyzer (18) to collect air pollutant concentration data in real time throughout the entire stage of forest fire combustion; The emission factor calculation module is configured to calculate the emission factors of pollutants under different combustion stages and conditions by combining pollutant concentration data and biomass combustion characteristic parameters based on the carbon balance method. The data output module is configured to standardize and output pollutant concentration data and emission factor analysis results in multiple formats.

6. The online flue gas analysis system for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The monitoring process of the pollutant monitoring module includes: The system establishes a pre-defined standard for determining the combustion stages of forest fires. These stages include the pre-ignition, open flame, smoldering, and glow stage. The system automatically classifies the combustion stages by receiving combustion temperature data from a combustion condition monitoring module and calculating the corrected combustion efficiency (MCE) based on real-time changes in CO and CO2 concentrations. Generally, an MCE > 0.9 indicates the open flame stage, an MCE < 0.9 indicates the smoldering stage, and an MCE < 0.65 or a slowly rising MCE that no longer reflects the combustion state indicates the glow stage. For each combustion stage, a corresponding concentration sampling frequency is set; The concentration data of CO, CO2, CH4, NOx, SO2 and fine particulate matter were collected simultaneously by the flue gas online analyzer (18), and the combustion stage identifier, collection time and corresponding combustion condition parameters of each data point were recorded. Outliers were removed from the collected concentration data to generate standardized concentration datasets for each stage.

7. The online flue gas analysis system for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions as described in claim 6, characterized in that, For each combustion stage, a corresponding concentration sampling frequency is set, including: The sampling frequency was set to 1 time / 2 seconds before ignition and during the open flame stage, 1 time / 10 seconds during the smoldering stage, and 1 time / 30 seconds during the glowing stage.

8. The online flue gas analysis system for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation process of the emission factor calculation module for pollutants under different combustion stages and conditions includes: The initial mass and moisture content of the biomass to be burned are obtained through manual input, and the dry weight of the biomass is calculated; the concentration data of CO, CO2 and CH4 are obtained through the pollutant monitoring module and converted into a unified unit; the flue gas flow rate data is obtained from the flue gas collection system of the combustion platform; and the combustion duration is recorded. Calculate the total carbon emissions, obtain the initial carbon content of burning biomass, and calculate the theoretical carbon emissions; calculate the carbon balance coefficient based on the carbon balance principle; The emission factor for each pollutant is calculated based on the average concentration and molar mass of the target pollutant, and the emission factor is corrected based on the ambient temperature and ambient air pressure collected by the combustion conditions monitoring module.

9. The online flue gas analysis system for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The data output module features standardized processing and multi-format output, specifically including: The pollutant concentration data are organized into a time-series data table according to the combustion stage. The time-series data table includes the name of the combustion stage, the collection time, the concentration value of each pollutant, and the data validity identifier. The emission factor results are classified and statistically analyzed to generate a summary table of emission factors categorized by pollutant type and combustion conditions; It offers export options in different data formats and provides a data interface for connecting with third-party research databases.

10. The online flue gas analysis system for simulating open forest fires in plateau regions as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The ambient temperature, ambient air pressure, wind speed, biomass moisture content, combustion temperature, and oxygen supply flow rate in the combustion condition monitoring module can be manually input based on the actual conditions of the simulated location and the equipment and materials used in the simulation experiment.

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