Energy storage battery container and energy storage safety control method

Abstract

This invention relates to an energy storage battery container and an energy storage safety control method. The energy storage battery container includes a container body and a battery support set inside the container body. By setting fireproof stickers on the top of the batteries and between adjacent batteries, the special structure of the fireproof stickers allows them to expand and wrap around the burning battery in the event of a fire, preventing the fire from spreading and improving the safety of surrounding batteries. This invention achieves the technical goal of simplifying the air-cooled structure and isolating the battery in case of fire. The energy storage safety control method adopted in this invention combines air cooling, liquid cooling, and comprehensive temperature monitoring to finely control the operating temperature of each battery, effectively improving the energy consumption of the energy storage battery container's operation and maintenance and the system safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy storage system technology, specifically relating to an energy storage battery container and an energy storage safety control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, battery energy storage systems are increasingly widely used in grid peak shaving, new energy consumption, and emergency power supply. As the core component of these systems, the operational safety and structural stability of the battery directly determine the reliability and lifespan of the entire system. However, current energy storage containers often suffer from the problem that if one battery catches fire, surrounding batteries are easily ignited. Although some containers have individual compartments for each battery, this structure is extremely detrimental to battery heat dissipation, making it more prone to high-temperature runaway. Therefore, current batteries still face significant challenges in practical applications, such as the prominent risk of high-temperature runaway and insufficient vibration and shock resistance, which severely restrict the safe operation of energy storage systems.

[0003] Existing battery safety protection solutions mostly employ a single fireproof structure (such as fireproof partitions or sprinkler systems) or a passive shock absorption design (such as spring shock absorbers). In the field of fire protection, traditional fireproof partitions can only physically isolate the battery and cannot actively cope with the thermal runaway propagation after the battery reaches abnormally high temperatures. Moreover, physical isolation requires the battery pack air-cooling system to have air supply ducts corresponding to each battery pack, resulting in a complex cooling system structure and large space occupation. Although sprinkler systems can extinguish fires, they have problems such as low accuracy in extinguishing the fire and cannot achieve rapid temperature control and flame retardancy in the early stages of thermal runaway. At the same time, existing heat storage flame retardant materials generally have defects such as delayed response and uneven coverage, making it difficult to form an effective enclosure when the battery is at high temperature, causing heat to be transferred laterally between batteries and triggering a chain of thermal runaway accidents.

[0004] In terms of structural vibration reduction, traditional batteries mostly rely on a single spring or rubber shock absorber, which can only cope with low-intensity, unidirectional vibration impacts (such as transportation bumps). In strong impact scenarios (such as earthquakes and vehicle collisions), they cannot effectively limit the lateral and longitudinal displacement of the battery bracket, which can easily lead to damage to the internal structure of the battery, short circuits of the electrodes, and thus induce safety hazards.

[0005] In the field of heat dissipation and temperature control, single air-cooling systems are not efficient enough in high-temperature environments and are prone to local hot spot accumulation; while single liquid-cooling systems have higher heat exchange efficiency, they suffer from complex piping layouts, high maintenance costs, and cannot dynamically adjust heat dissipation power according to battery temperature, resulting in energy waste.

[0006] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, it is necessary to provide an energy storage battery container and an energy storage safety control method that is compatible with battery fire isolation and a simple air-cooled structure. Furthermore, by combining liquid cooling, fire protection, and earthquake-resistant structures, it can effectively solve existing problems such as slow fire response, poor shock absorption, low monitoring accuracy, and insufficient heat dissipation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The first technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an energy storage battery container that solves the technical problem of the conventional energy storage battery container using partitions to isolate the battery pack separately in order to avoid a chain reaction in the event of a fire, which leads to a complex air-cooling system structure.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An energy storage battery container, including a container body and a battery support set inside the container body. The battery support includes multiple layers of pallets arranged vertically, and a battery compartment for installing batteries is formed between two adjacent pallets. A fireproof sticker is affixed to the bottom surface of the pallet at the top of the battery compartment, facing the battery below. The fireproof sticker has a flat structure and includes multiple interconnected honeycomb frames and an encapsulation layer for sealing all the honeycomb frames. The honeycomb frames are made of shape memory alloy wire. The honeycomb frame includes two oppositely arranged hexagonal frames and six ridges connecting the opposite vertices of the two hexagonal frames. Each side of the two hexagonal frames and the six ridges are bent into a serpentine shape to compress the volume of the honeycomb frame. Under the encapsulation of the encapsulation layer, a flat fireproof sticker is formed. Each honeycomb frame still has a cavity inside after being compressed. The cavity is filled with pre-compressed silicone aerogel. The silicone aerogel is sealed in the honeycomb frame by the encapsulation layer and kept in a compressed state under the encapsulation pressure of the encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer is made of low melting point polyethylene film.

[0009] Fireproof stickers are also installed between two adjacent batteries. The fireproof stickers are affixed to the side wall of either battery or independently placed in the middle of the gap between the two batteries. The large flat surface of the fireproof sticker faces the side of the two adjacent batteries.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, aluminum hydroxide flame retardant is adsorbed within the pores of the silica aerogel.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the tray at the bottom of the battery compartment has a serpentine flow channel corresponding to each battery. Each serpentine flow channel has a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet. The tray has a main delivery channel and a main return channel. All coolant inlets are connected to the main delivery channel via a branch valve, and all coolant outlets are connected to the main return channel. The housing contains a coolant storage tank and a delivery pump connected to the main delivery and return channels of each tray. The delivery pump pumps coolant from the coolant storage tank into each main delivery channel. The coolant is then distributed through the main delivery channel into each serpentine flow channel and converges into the main return channel before flowing back to the coolant storage tank. The housing also contains multiple infrared sensors for monitoring the operating temperature of each battery, with at least one infrared sensor corresponding to each battery. Each infrared sensor has an independent number and location coordinates. All infrared sensors are electrically connected to a controller. The delivery pump and each branch valve are also electrically connected to and controlled by the controller.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the two ends of the housing are respectively separated by vertically arranged partitions to form a left circulation air duct, a right circulation air duct, and a cooling compartment. The cooling compartment is located at one end of the housing, with the left circulation air duct on one side and the right circulation air duct at the other end. A space for accommodating the battery bracket is formed between the partitions on the opposite sides of the left and right circulation air ducts. The battery bracket is set between the left and right circulation air ducts. The partition on the side of the left circulation air duct closest to the battery bracket has openings corresponding to each battery compartment. The ventilation openings are located on the right circulation air duct. On the longitudinal partition plate near the battery bracket, there are also ventilation openings corresponding to each battery compartment. The left and right circulation air ducts are separated by several transverse partitions to form a serpentine one-way flow channel between the left circulation air duct, each battery compartment, and the right circulation air duct. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided on the longitudinal partition plate between the cooling compartment and the left circulation air duct. The air inlet and the air outlet are located at the bottom and top of the longitudinal partition plate, respectively, and are directly opposite the ventilation openings of the corresponding bottom battery compartment and top battery compartment.

[0013] The left and right circulation ducts are equipped with blowers that drive the airflow to flow unidirectionally in a serpentine pattern. The refrigeration chamber is equipped with a refrigeration fan. The refrigeration fan and the blower are respectively connected to and controlled by the controller.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the interior of the housing is equipped with a horizontal slide rail parallel to the side of the battery bracket. A vertical slide rail is slidably connected to the horizontal slide rail, and a slide block is slidably connected to the vertical slide rail. A nozzle is fixedly connected to the slide block, and the nozzle communicates with a fire extinguishing agent storage tank located inside the housing. The nozzle is equipped with a fire extinguishing solenoid valve for opening and closing the nozzle. The horizontal slide rail is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing on one side of the battery bracket. The vertical slide rail is slidably connected to the horizontal slide rail via a slider. A rack is provided along the length of the horizontal slide rail, and a transverse drive motor is provided on the slider. The machine has a horizontal drive motor with a gear meshing with a rack on its output shaft. The horizontal drive motor drives the slider to slide along the horizontal slide rail through the gear and rack transmission, which in turn drives the vertical slide rail to slide horizontally. A rack is also provided on the vertical slide rail. A longitudinal drive motor is provided on the slide block. The output shaft of the longitudinal drive motor is connected to a gear meshing with a rack. The longitudinal drive motor drives the slide block to slide along the vertical slide rail through the gear and rack transmission, which in turn drives the nozzle to move vertically. The horizontal drive motor, the longitudinal drive motor, and the fire extinguishing solenoid valve are electrically connected to the controller and are controlled by the controller.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the coolant storage tank and the fire extinguishing agent storage tank are respectively located at the bottom of the left and right circulating air ducts. A nitrogen storage tank is provided at the bottom of the refrigeration chamber. The exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank is connected to and controlled by the controller. The tops of the coolant storage tank, the fire extinguishing agent storage tank, and the nitrogen storage tank are isolated from the blower and the refrigeration fan by a partition.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the battery bracket further includes multiple columns for supporting each layer of trays. The lower end of each column extends below the bottom tray and the top end extends above the top tray. The top end of each column is connected to the top surface of the housing via a suspension chain, and the bottom end is abutted against the bottom surface of the housing via a magnetorheological damper. The magnetorheological damper is equipped with a displacement sensor for detecting the piston rod stroke. The suspension chain is in a tensioned state. The displacement sensor and the magnetorheological damper are electrically connected to the controller, and the magnetorheological damper is controlled by the controller.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the infrared sensors are distributed at the four corners of the battery, and adjacent batteries share one infrared sensor at their close corners.

[0018] Alternatively, the infrared sensor may be mounted on the bottom surface of the tray above the battery, with the infrared sensor facing the battery below, and the fireproof sticker may be affixed around the infrared sensor.

[0019] The further technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an energy storage safety control method based on the above-mentioned energy storage battery container to solve the high energy consumption problem when air cooling and liquid cooling are combined.

[0020] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an energy storage safety control method based on the above-mentioned energy storage battery container, which uses infrared sensors to monitor the operating temperature of each battery and selects different cooling methods according to the battery operating temperature. The specific strategy is as follows:

[0021] When the battery operating temperature is lower than or equal to the first temperature, the controller only controls the blower and cooling blower to operate and cool the battery by air.

[0022] When the battery operating temperature is between or equal to the first and second temperatures, the controller controls the liquid delivery pump to drive the coolant circulation and liquid cool the battery through the tray. At this time, the liquid delivery pump is in a low-load state, so that the tray provides auxiliary cooling for the battery.

[0023] When the battery operating temperature exceeds the second temperature, the controller simultaneously controls the blower, cooling blower, and liquid pump to work at full load to achieve rapid cooling mode for the battery.

[0024] When the temperature of any battery exceeds the third temperature, the charging and discharging circuit of that battery is cut off. At the same time, the controller increases the opening of the branch valve at the inlet of the coolant in the serpentine channel corresponding to that battery, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant in the serpentine channel corresponding to that battery.

[0025] When the temperature of any battery exceeds the fourth temperature, the controller controls the transverse drive motor and the longitudinal drive motor to move the nozzle to the battery compartment layer where the battery is located, and sprays fire extinguishing agent into the batteries in this layer through the gap between the battery and the top surface of the battery compartment, extinguishing the fire of the burning battery, cooling the nearby unburned batteries and isolating them with fire extinguishing agent.

[0026] After the fire is extinguished, the controller opens the exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank, and the nitrogen storage tank injects nitrogen into the refrigeration chamber. The nitrogen enters each battery compartment with the cooling airflow of the circulating cooling battery, causing the oxygen content in the box to drop below the oxygen content required for the battery to catch fire, until the infrared sensor detects that the temperature of all batteries has been stably maintained below 40°C for 10 minutes. Then the exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank is closed, and the ventilation valve on the box connecting to the outside is opened. After the oxygen concentration inside the box is gradually restored to normal, workers are notified to enter the box for manual maintenance.

[0027] To detect oxygen concentration, an oxygen concentration sensor is installed inside the chamber to detect the oxygen concentration in the space where the battery bracket is located and send the data to the controller.

[0028] The first temperature < the second temperature < the third temperature < the fourth temperature, where the third temperature is the upper limit of the normal operating temperature range of the battery, and the fourth temperature is the temperature at which the battery spontaneously combusts due to thermal runaway.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment, when the energy storage battery container is in a static state, each magnetorheological damper has a reserved piston rod stroke. Displacement sensors detect the piston rod stroke of the magnetorheological dampers in real time and send the data to the controller. The controller determines the vibration amplitude of the battery support based on the change in the piston rod stroke amplitude and controls the damping force of the magnetorheological dampers. When the vibration stroke amplitude of the piston rod increases, the controller also increases the current of the magnetorheological damper, thereby increasing the damping force of the magnetorheological damper and causing the vibration amplitude of the piston rod of the magnetorheological damper to change back to the initial range. When the piston rod stroke amplitude is less than the initial range, the controller reduces the current of the magnetorheological damper, so that the vibration amplitude of the piston rod of the magnetorheological damper returns to within the initial range.

[0030] When the displacement sensor detects that the piston rod vibration stroke of the magnetorheological damper exceeds the preset safe vibration range, in addition to increasing the current of the magnetorheological damper, the battery charging and discharging circuit is cut off, and the exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank is opened to reduce the oxygen content in the tank to below 15% to avoid spontaneous combustion of the battery caused by vibration. After the vibration ends and the current of the magnetorheological damper returns to the initial state, the temperature status of each battery is detected by the infrared sensor. After confirming that the temperature of all batteries is normal, the battery charging and discharging circuit is restored.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. By setting fireproof stickers on the bottom surface of the battery holder tray and between adjacent batteries, the encapsulation layer of the fireproof sticker can be rapidly melted and the honeycomb skeleton can be rapidly expanded in the event of an open flame, wrapping the burning battery, blocking the spread of flames, and physically isolating the burning battery, reducing the area of ​​the battery in contact with air, and suppressing the fire. This structural design can achieve overall unobstructed access to the battery compartment, facilitating the implementation of air cooling, while also physically isolating a single battery in the event of thermal runaway and fire, preventing the fire from spreading to adjacent batteries.

[0032] 2. The present invention further prevents the fire from spreading to the surrounding area when the fireproof patch expands and wraps around the burning battery by filling the pores of the silicone aerogel with aluminum hydroxide flame retardant.

[0033] 3. This invention creates a liquid-cooled tray by setting a serpentine flow channel inside the tray for coolant circulation. By using the tray to liquid cool the battery on it, the operating temperature of the battery can be reduced quickly, thus preventing battery thermal runaway.

[0034] 4. This invention also achieves circulating air cooling for each layer of batteries on the battery bracket by setting up a left circulating air duct, a right circulating air duct, and a cooling chamber. This addresses the problem that the adjustment range of battery operating temperature control is narrow when using a tray as a single cooling mode, making the cooling solutions more diverse and allowing the most suitable and energy-efficient cooling solution to be selected according to the battery operating temperature.

[0035] 5. This invention constructs a sprinkler system that can move horizontally and vertically. Using a horizontal and vertical drive motor, the sprinkler can be moved to the gap between any battery in any layer of the battery compartment and the upper support plate. The sprinkler can spray extinguishing agent onto the batteries in that layer through the gap between the battery and the upper support plate, or between batteries themselves, further suppressing the spread of flames from burning batteries. Compared to conventional energy storage container fire protection systems, this invention uses only one sprinkler, significantly reducing the workload of laying fire hoses and sprinklers on the battery supports.

[0036] 6. The present invention also provides a nitrogen storage tank to release nitrogen into the container, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration under normal operating conditions of the energy storage battery container and preventing thermal runaway and fire of the battery. During maintenance and repair, the nitrogen release is turned off, and the user enters the container to work after the oxygen content inside the container returns to normal.

[0037] 7. The present invention further achieves stability control of the battery bracket by setting a suspension chain at the top of the column and a magnetorheological damper at the bottom, so that the battery bracket can remain stable under different vibration amplitudes and avoid damage to the internal structure of the battery caused by the vibration of the battery bracket.

[0038] 8. This invention also improves the safety of infrared sensors by placing them at the four corners of the battery and using adjacent batteries to share infrared sensors, and eliminates the problem of distorted detection results caused by the failure of a single infrared sensor. When a battery temperature is abnormal, multiple infrared sensors will detect the abnormal temperature at the same time. The location of the battery with abnormal temperature can be accurately deduced based on the coordinates of the multiple infrared sensors, and targeted cooling measures such as power cut-off and cooling can be taken in time. Even if one far-infrared sensor fails, it will not affect the judgment of the battery with abnormal temperature.

[0039] 9. The energy storage safety control method described in this invention combines multiple protection measures such as air cooling, liquid cooling, and nitrogen protection. It adopts different cooling methods at different operating temperatures to greatly reduce energy consumption while ensuring cooling efficiency, thus ensuring the safe and stable operation of the energy storage battery container.

[0040] 10. The present invention also utilizes a displacement sensor to monitor the amplitude of the magnetorheological damper in real time, thereby determining the vibration state of the battery bracket, and controlling the magnetorheological damper to provide different damping forces according to different vibration states, so as to keep the battery bracket stable, avoid damage to the internal structure of the battery, short circuit of the electrodes, and thus induce safety hazards. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0042] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the energy storage battery container described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of one method for installing the fireproof sticker inside the energy storage battery container as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the fireproof sticker described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the honeycomb skeleton described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the fireproof sticker described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another way of setting the fireproof sticker inside the energy storage battery container as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a partial schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pallet described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the infrared sensor described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the nozzle described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 10 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the image;

[0052] Figure 11 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B in the image;

[0053] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the controller 12 and other controlled units according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0054] Figures 1-12Components: 1. Housing; 2. Battery bracket; 201. Pallet; 202. Column; 3. Battery; 4. Battery compartment; 5. Fireproof sticker; 501. Honeycomb frame; 501a. Hexagonal frame; 501b. Ribs; 502. Encapsulation layer; 503. Silica aerogel; 6. Serpentine flow channel; 601. Coolant inlet; 602. Coolant outlet; 7. Main coolant delivery channel; 8. Main coolant return channel; 9. Coolant storage tank; 10. Coolant pump; 11. Infrared sensor; 12. Controller; 13. Separator; 14. Left circulation duct; 15. Right circulation duct. 16. Circular air duct; 17. Refrigeration compartment; 18. Ventilation outlet; 19. Horizontal partition; 20. Air inlet; 21. Air outlet; 22. Air supply fan; 23. Refrigeration fan; 24. Horizontal slide rail; 25. Vertical slide rail; 26. Slide seat; 27. Nozzle; 28. Extinguishing agent storage tank; 29. ​​Extinguishing solenoid valve; 30. Sliding block; 31. Rack; 32. Horizontal drive motor; 33. Gear; 34. Longitudinal drive motor; 35. Nitrogen storage tank; 36. Suspension chain; 37. Magnetorheological damper; 38. Displacement sensor; 39. Ventilation valve; 30. Branch valve. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0056] like Figures 1-12 The diagram shows an energy storage battery container, including a container body 1 and a battery support 2 disposed inside the container body 1. The battery support 2 includes multiple layers of vertically arranged pallets 201, with battery compartments 4 for mounting batteries 3 formed between adjacent pallet layers 201. Figure 2 As shown, a fireproof sticker 5 is affixed to the bottom surface of the tray 201 at the top of the battery compartment 4, directly opposite the battery below. The fireproof sticker 5 has a flat overall structure, as shown in the image. Figure 3 As shown, the fireproof sticker 5 includes multiple interconnected honeycomb frames 501 and an encapsulation layer 502 for sealing all the honeycomb frames 501. The honeycomb frames 501 are made of shape memory alloy wire, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the honeycomb skeleton 501 includes two opposing hexagonal frames 501a and six ribs 501b connecting the opposite vertices of the two hexagonal frames 501a. Each side of the two hexagonal frames 501a and the six ribs 501b are bent into a serpentine shape to compress the volume of the honeycomb skeleton 501. Under the encapsulation of the encapsulation layer 502, a flat fireproof sticker 5 is formed. Each honeycomb skeleton 501 still has an internal cavity after being compressed, such as... Figure 5As shown, each honeycomb skeleton 501 contains a cavity filled with pre-compressed silicone aerogel 503. The silicone aerogel 503 is encapsulated within the honeycomb skeleton 501 by an encapsulation layer 502 and remains compressed under the encapsulation pressure of the encapsulation layer 502. The encapsulation layer 502 is made of a low-melting-point polyethylene film. The thickness of the encapsulation layer 502 is set according to the compression pressure on the silicone aerogel 503.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, a fireproof sticker 5 is also provided between two adjacent batteries 3, and the fireproof sticker 5 between two adjacent batteries 3 is affixed to the side wall of any battery 3.

[0058] In practical applications, the fireproof sticker 5 can also be independently placed in the middle of the gap between the two batteries 3, with the large flat surface of the fireproof sticker 5 facing the side of the two adjacent batteries 3, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the fireproof sticker 5 is separated from the battery 3 at this time to prevent the fireproof sticker 5 from affecting the heat dissipation of the battery. The fireproof sticker 5 can be independently set up and supported by a frame bracket, similar to the structure of a screen.

[0059] Silicon aerogel 503 has good flame retardant and heat insulation properties. When the fireproof sticker 5 is exposed to an open flame, the encapsulation layer 502 will melt. Without the restriction of the encapsulation layer 502, the honeycomb skeleton 501 will recover its extended posture at high temperature, and the fireproof sticker 5 will expand. The internal silicone aerogel 503 will also expand synchronously to fill the expanded honeycomb skeleton 501 and wrap it around the surface of the burning battery 3, inhibiting the flames from spreading outward and affecting the nearby batteries 3.

[0060] As a preferred option, aluminum hydroxide flame retardant is adsorbed in the pores of the silicone aerogel 503 to further improve the flame retardant effect of the fireproof sticker 5.

[0061] like Figure 7 As shown, the battery compartment 4 in this embodiment has a serpentine flow channel 6 inside the bottom tray 201, which corresponds to each battery. Each serpentine flow channel 6 has a coolant inlet 601 and a coolant outlet 602. The tray 201 is provided with a main liquid delivery channel 7 and a main liquid return channel 8. All coolant inlets 601 are connected to the main liquid delivery channel 7 through a branch valve 39, and all coolant outlets 602 are connected to the main liquid return channel 8. The housing 1 is provided with a coolant storage tank 9 and a liquid delivery pump 10 connected to the main liquid delivery channel 7 and the main liquid return channel 8 of each tray 201. The liquid delivery pump 10 pumps the coolant in the coolant storage tank 9 into each main liquid delivery channel 7. After the coolant is diverted into each serpentine flow channel 6 through the main liquid delivery channel 7, it converges into the main liquid return channel 8 and flows back to the coolant storage tank 9.

[0062] The housing 1 is also equipped with an infrared sensor 11 for monitoring the operating temperature of each battery 3. There are multiple infrared sensors 11, with at least one infrared sensor 11 corresponding to each battery 3. Each infrared sensor 11 has an independent number and position coordinates. All infrared sensors 11 are electrically connected to a controller 12. The liquid delivery pump 10 and each branch valve 39 are also electrically connected to the controller 12 and controlled by the controller 12.

[0063] like Figure 8 The diagram shows a simplified layout of the infrared sensors 11 used in this embodiment. The infrared sensors 11 are distributed at the four corners of the battery, and adjacent batteries 3 share one infrared sensor 11 at their close corners. This layout separates the infrared sensors 11 from the batteries 3 to improve the safety of the infrared sensors 11, preventing damage to the infrared sensors 11 due to a fire in the battery 3. It also eliminates the problem of abnormal detection data caused by the failure of a single infrared sensor 11. Four infrared sensors 11 are used to determine whether a battery 3 is experiencing thermal runaway. When three of the four infrared sensors 11 detect abnormal temperatures, the coordinates of the batteries 3 they surround can be determined based on the coordinates of these three infrared sensors 11. After determining which battery 3 has an abnormal temperature, the controller 12 can control the charging and discharging of the battery 3, or control the cooling system corresponding to that battery 3 to specifically cool the battery 3 to prevent the temperature of the battery 3 from continuing to rise.

[0064] Of course, in practical applications, the infrared sensor 11 can also be placed on the bottom surface of the tray 201 above the battery 3, with the infrared sensor 11 facing the battery 3 below. Fireproof stickers 5 are affixed around the infrared sensor 11. In this structure, the infrared sensor 11 and the battery 3 exist in a one-to-one correspondence. When the battery 3 catches fire, the expanding fireproof stickers 5 can protect the infrared sensor 11. Figure 2 As stated above.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the two ends of the housing 1 are respectively separated by vertically arranged partitions 13 to form a left circulation duct 14, a right circulation duct 15, and a cooling chamber 16. The cooling chamber 16 is located at one end of the housing 1, with the left circulation duct 14 on one side and the right circulation duct 15 on the other end. A space for accommodating the battery bracket 2 is formed between the partitions 13 on the opposite sides of the left and right circulation ducts 14 and 15. The battery bracket 2 is arranged between the left and right circulation ducts 14 and 15. The partition 13 on the side of the left circulation duct 14 near the battery bracket 2 has ventilation openings 17 corresponding to each layer of battery compartment 4. The partition 13 on the side of the right circulation duct 15 near the battery bracket 2 also has ventilation openings 17 corresponding to each layer of battery compartment 4. Figure 1Due to the angle, the vent 17 on the longitudinal partition 13 on one side of the left circulation duct 14 cannot be seen, and its structure is symmetrical to the vent 17 on the longitudinal partition 13 on one side of the right circulation duct 15.

[0066] The left circulation duct 14 and the right circulation duct 15 are separated by several horizontal partitions 18, forming a serpentine unidirectional flow channel between the left circulation duct 14, each battery compartment 4, and the right circulation duct 15. An air inlet 19 and an air outlet 20 are provided on the longitudinal partition 13 between the cooling compartment 16 and the left circulation duct 14. The air inlet 19 and the air outlet 20 are located at the bottom and top of the longitudinal partition 13, respectively, and are directly opposite the ventilation openings 17 of the bottom battery compartment 4 and the top battery compartment 4, respectively.

[0067] The left circulation duct 14 and the right circulation duct 15 are equipped with blowers 21 that drive the airflow to flow in a serpentine unidirectional direction, and the refrigeration chamber 16 is equipped with a refrigeration fan 22. The refrigeration fan 22 and the blower 21 are respectively connected to and controlled by the controller 12.

[0068] To achieve the goal of cooling the interior of the housing 1 by drawing in cold air from outside when the external temperature is low, thereby reducing energy consumption, this embodiment preferably provides a vent valve 38 connected to the outside at the top of the refrigeration chamber 16. The vent valve 38 is connected to and controlled by the controller 12. The controller 12 is also connected to a temperature sensor that detects the external temperature of the housing 1. When the external temperature is low, such as below 15 degrees Celsius, the controller 12 can open the vent valve 38, and the high-temperature gas inside the housing 1 can be discharged to the outside of the housing 1 through the vent valve 38. The cooling fan 22 can be an air conditioner with a fresh air function or a ventilation function. At this time, the ventilation mode can be used to directly draw in cold air from outside the housing 1 into the interior of the housing 1 for air circulation, thereby cooling the battery 3. This can further reduce the energy consumption for battery cooling.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, the box 1 is equipped with a horizontal slide rail 23 parallel to the side of the battery bracket 2. A vertical slide rail 24 is slidably connected to the horizontal slide rail 23. A slide seat 25 is slidably connected to the vertical slide rail 24. A nozzle 26 is fixedly connected to the slide seat 25. The nozzle 26 is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage tank 27 set in the box 1 through a flexible pipe.

[0070] like Figure 9As shown, a fire extinguishing solenoid valve 28 is installed on the nozzle 26 for opening and closing the nozzle 26. The horizontal slide rail 23 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 1 on one side of the battery bracket 2. The vertical slide rail 24 is slidably connected to the horizontal slide rail 23 via a slider 29. A rack 30 is installed on the horizontal slide rail 23 along its length. A transverse drive motor 31 is installed on the slider 29. A gear 32 that meshes with the rack 30 is connected to the output shaft of the transverse drive motor 31. The transverse drive motor 31 drives the slider 29 along the horizontal slide rail 23 via the gear and rack transmission. 3. The sliding motion drives the vertical slide rail 24 to slide horizontally. A rack 30 is also provided on the vertical slide rail 24. A longitudinal drive motor 33 is provided on the slide block 25. A gear 32 that meshes with the rack 30 is connected to the output shaft of the longitudinal drive motor 33. The longitudinal drive motor 33 drives the slide block 25 to slide along the vertical slide rail 24 through the gear and rack transmission, thereby driving the nozzle 26 to move vertically. The transverse drive motor 31, the longitudinal drive motor 33, and the fire extinguishing solenoid valve 28 are electrically connected to the controller 12 and are controlled by the controller 12.

[0071] Under the temperature monitoring of battery 3 by infrared sensor 11, when battery 3 experiences thermal runaway and is located, controller 12 can simultaneously control longitudinal drive motor 33 and transverse drive motor 31 to quickly drive nozzle 26 to the floor where target battery 3 is located and control fire extinguishing solenoid valve 28 to open, spraying extinguishing agent onto the thermally runaway battery. Various types of extinguishing agents are available, including liquid, gas, and dry powder, and are considered conventional extinguishing agents.

[0072] The coolant storage tank 9 and the fire extinguishing agent storage tank 27 are respectively located at the bottom of the left circulation duct 14 and the right circulation duct 15. The bottom of the refrigeration chamber 16 is provided with a nitrogen storage tank 34. The exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank 34 is connected to and controlled by the controller 12. The tops of the coolant storage tank 9, the fire extinguishing agent storage tank 27 and the nitrogen storage tank 34 are respectively isolated from the blower 21 and the refrigeration fan 22 by the partition 18.

[0073] like Figure 1 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the battery bracket 2 in this embodiment also includes multiple columns 202 for supporting each layer of trays 201. The lower end of each column 202 extends below the bottom tray 201, and the top end extends above the top tray 201. The top end of each column 202 is connected to the top surface of the housing 1 via a suspension chain 35, and the bottom end is connected to the bottom surface of the housing 1 via a magnetorheological damper 36. A displacement sensor 37 for detecting the piston rod stroke is provided on the magnetorheological damper 36. The suspension chain 35 is in a tensioned state with relatively low tension. The displacement sensor 37 and the magnetorheological damper 36 are electrically connected to the controller 12, and the magnetorheological damper 36 is controlled by the controller 12.

[0074] In this embodiment, the displacement sensor 37 is preferably a laser displacement sensor. The laser displacement sensor can use the bottom surface of the bottom support plate 201 of the battery bracket 2 as the reflective surface, or the reflective surface can be set at the bottom of the column 202. The main body of the laser displacement sensor is mounted on the bottom piston cylinder of the magnetorheological damper 36. Both capacitive displacement sensors and magnetic induction displacement sensors may be affected by battery charging and discharging interference, which will affect the detection accuracy.

[0075] The working process of this embodiment can be referred to in embodiment 2. Example 2

[0076] This embodiment is based on the energy storage battery container described in Embodiment 1, and describes in detail the energy storage safety control method of the energy storage battery container. The method uses infrared sensor 11 to monitor the operating temperature of each battery 3, and selects different cooling methods according to the operating temperature of the battery 3. The specific strategy is as follows:

[0077] When the operating temperature of battery 3 is lower than or equal to the first temperature, controller 12 only controls the blower 21 and the cooling blower 22 to work to air cool battery 3. The first temperature is 35°C.

[0078] When the operating temperature of battery 3 is between or equal to the first and second temperatures, controller 12 controls liquid pump 10 to drive coolant circulation and liquid cool battery 3 through tray 201. At this time, liquid pump 10 is in a low-load state, so that tray 201 provides auxiliary cooling for battery 3. The second temperature is 45°C.

[0079] When the operating temperature of battery 3 is higher than the second temperature, controller 12 simultaneously controls the blower 21, cooling blower 22 and liquid pump 10 to work at full load to rapidly cool battery 3.

[0080] When the temperature of any battery 3 exceeds the third temperature, the controller 12 increases the opening range of the branch valve 39 at the coolant inlet 601 of the serpentine flow channel 6 corresponding to the battery 3, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant in the serpentine flow channel 6 corresponding to the battery 3. In this embodiment, the third temperature is 50°C.

[0081] The coolant used in this embodiment is ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol viscosity decreases as temperature increases, resulting in a faster flow rate and higher heat dissipation efficiency at the bottom of the high-temperature battery 3. After absorbing heat, the coolant is cooled by the refrigeration system and then re-enters the circulation system.

[0082] By setting branch valves 39 that correspond one-to-one with the coolant inlet 601, the controller 12 can precisely control the liquid cooling mode of each battery 3 at different operating temperatures, which greatly reduces the energy consumption of liquid cooling and improves the efficiency of liquid cooling.

[0083] When the temperature of any battery 3 exceeds the fourth temperature, the controller 12 controls the transverse drive motor 31 and the longitudinal drive motor 33 to operate, driving the nozzle 26 to move to the battery compartment 4 where the battery 3 is located, and spraying fire extinguishing agent onto the batteries 3 in this layer through the gap between the battery 3 and the top surface of the battery compartment 4, extinguishing the fire on the burning battery 3, cooling the nearby unburned batteries 3 and isolating them with the fire extinguishing agent. At the same time, the fireproof stickers 5 located around the burning battery 3 will expand due to heat, wrapping the burning battery 3 and reducing the risk of flames spreading from the battery 3.

[0084] After the fire is extinguished, the controller 12 opens the exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank 34, and the nitrogen storage tank 34 injects nitrogen into the refrigeration chamber 16. The nitrogen enters each battery compartment 4 with the cooling airflow of the circulating cooling battery 3, so that the oxygen content in the box 1 drops below the oxygen content required for the battery 3 to catch fire, until the infrared sensor 11 detects that the temperature of all batteries 3 has been stably maintained below 40°C for 10 minutes. Then the exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank 34 is closed, and the ventilation valve 38 on the box 1 that connects to the outside is opened, so that the oxygen concentration inside the box 1 gradually returns to normal. Then the workers are notified to enter the box 1 for manual maintenance.

[0085] To detect oxygen concentration, an oxygen concentration sensor is installed inside the housing 1 to detect the oxygen concentration in the space where the battery holder 2 is located and send the data to the controller 12. The oxygen concentration sensor is a conventional detection instrument, and its installation and use are known to those skilled in the art; therefore, its specific assembly location is omitted in this embodiment and in the accompanying drawings.

[0086] In this embodiment, the first temperature < the second temperature < the third temperature < the fourth temperature, where the third temperature is the upper limit of the normal operating temperature range of the battery, and the fourth temperature is the temperature at which the battery thermally runs away and spontaneously combusts.

[0087] The vent valve 38 can be installed at any position in the housing 1, as long as it is connected to the battery compartment 4 inside the housing 1. It is preferably set at the top of the refrigeration compartment 16. In this way, the vent valve 38 can be used to exhaust the hot air inside the housing 1 when the outdoor temperature is low. The refrigeration fan 22 can directly draw the cold air outside the housing 1 into the housing 1 for air circulation, which can further reduce energy consumption. The refrigeration fan 22 used at this time can be an air conditioner with fresh air function or ventilation function.

[0088] When the energy storage battery container is in a static state, each magnetorheological damper 36 has a reserved piston rod stroke. The displacement sensor 37 detects the piston rod stroke of the magnetorheological damper 36 in real time and sends it to the controller 12. The controller 12 determines the vibration amplitude of the battery bracket 2 based on the change in the piston rod stroke amplitude and controls the damping force of the magnetorheological damper 36. When the vibration stroke amplitude of the piston rod increases, the controller 12 also increases the current of the magnetorheological damper 36, thereby increasing the damping force of the magnetorheological damper 36 and causing the vibration amplitude of the piston rod of the magnetorheological damper 36 to change back to the initial range. When the piston rod stroke amplitude is less than the initial range, the controller 12 reduces the current of the magnetorheological damper 36, so that the vibration amplitude of the piston rod of the magnetorheological damper 36 returns to within the initial range.

[0089] For example, during low-intensity vibrations, such as bumpy road transport, displacement sensor 37 detects the vibration amplitude of battery bracket 2 and transmits the data to controller 12. Controller 12 supplies a 0.5A current to magnetorheological damper 36. The magnetic particles of silicone oil in magnetorheological damper 36 are in a low-viscosity state, maintaining a damping force of 500-800N, thus reducing vibration transmission. Suspension chain 35 absorbs low-frequency vibration energy through slight elastic deformation, preventing battery 3 from shifting.

[0090] During moderate-intensity vibrations, such as those experienced during railway transportation, the suspension chain 35 on one side stretches and absorbs energy during lateral vibrations, limiting lateral displacement. During vertical vibrations, multiple suspension chains 35 synchronously and elastically buffer the vibrations, offsetting the vertical oscillation forces. The controller 12 increases the current of the magnetorheological damper 36 to 1.0A, raising the damping force to 1000-1500N, quickly suppressing the amplitude of the battery bracket 2 and preventing damage to the internal structure of the battery 3.

[0091] When the displacement sensor 37 detects that the piston rod vibration stroke of the magnetorheological damper 36 exceeds the preset safe vibration range, in addition to increasing the current of the magnetorheological damper 36, the charging and discharging circuit of the battery 3 is cut off, and the exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank 34 is opened to reduce the oxygen content in the box 1 to below 15% in order to avoid spontaneous combustion of the battery 3 caused by vibration. After the vibration ends and the current of the magnetorheological damper 36 returns to the initial state, the temperature status of each battery 3 is detected by the infrared sensor 11. After confirming that the temperature of all batteries 3 is normal, the charging and discharging circuit of the battery 3 is restored.

[0092] For example, in the event of an earthquake or vehicle collision, if the displacement sensor 37 detects that the vibration amplitude of the battery bracket 2 exceeds the safe vibration range, indicating high-intensity vibration, the controller 12 immediately adjusts the current of the magnetorheological damper 36 to 2.0A and increases the damping force to 2000N, strongly limiting the displacement of the battery bracket 2. Simultaneously, it disconnects the charging and discharging circuit of the battery 3 to prevent short circuits. The nitrogen storage tank 34 is opened to inject nitrogen into the housing 1, reducing the oxygen content inside the housing to below 15% to avoid the risk of combustion caused by vibration. After the vibration ends, the controller 12 uses the infrared sensor 11 to detect the status of each battery. If battery damage is detected, a fire extinguishing procedure is triggered.

[0093] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, as well as some examples of its application, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage battery container, comprising a container body (1) and a battery support (2) disposed inside the container body (1), characterized in that, The battery bracket (2) includes multiple layers of trays (201) arranged vertically. A battery compartment (4) for installing batteries (3) is formed between two adjacent trays (201). A fireproof sticker (5) is attached to the bottom surface of the tray (201) at the top of the battery compartment (4) and faces the battery below. The fireproof sticker (5) has a flat structure and includes multiple interconnected honeycomb frames (501) and an encapsulation layer (502) for sealing all the honeycomb frames (501). The honeycomb frames (501) are made of shape memory alloy wire and include two oppositely arranged hexagonal frames (501a) and six strips connecting the two hexagons. The ribs (501b) at opposite vertices of the frame (501a), each side of the two hexagonal frames (501a) and the six ribs (501b) are bent into a serpentine shape to compress the volume of the honeycomb skeleton (501). Under the encapsulation of the encapsulation layer (502), a flat fireproof sticker (5) is formed. Each honeycomb skeleton (501) still has a cavity inside after being compressed. The cavity is filled with pre-compressed silicone aerogel (503). The silicone aerogel (503) is sealed in the honeycomb skeleton (501) by the encapsulation layer (502) and kept in a compressed state under the encapsulation pressure of the encapsulation layer (502). The encapsulation layer (502) is made of low melting point polyethylene film. Fireproof stickers (5) are also provided between two adjacent batteries (3). The fireproof stickers (5) between two adjacent batteries (3) are affixed to the side wall of any battery (3) or independently set in the middle of the gap between two batteries (3). The large flat surface of the fireproof stickers (5) is directly opposite to the side surface of the two adjacent batteries (3).

2. The energy storage battery container according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silica aerogel (503) contains aluminum hydroxide flame retardant adsorbed in its pores.

3. The energy storage battery container according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The battery compartment (4) has a tray (201) at the bottom with a serpentine flow channel (6) corresponding to each battery. Each serpentine flow channel (6) has a coolant inlet (601) and a coolant outlet (602). The tray (201) has a main liquid delivery channel (7) and a main liquid return channel (8). All coolant inlets (601) are connected to the main liquid delivery channel (7) through a branch valve (39), and all coolant outlets (602) are connected to the main liquid return channel (8). The housing (1) has a coolant storage tank (9) and a liquid delivery pump (10) connected to the main liquid delivery channel (7) and the main liquid return channel (8) of each tray (201). The liquid delivery pump (10) delivers coolant to the storage tank. The coolant in the storage tank (9) is pumped into each main delivery channel (7). The coolant is diverted through the main delivery channel (7) into each serpentine flow channel (6) and then converges into the return main channel (8) and flows back to the coolant storage tank (9). The box (1) is also equipped with an infrared sensor (11) for monitoring the working temperature of each battery (3). There are multiple infrared sensors (11), and each battery (3) corresponds to at least one infrared sensor (11). Each infrared sensor (11) has an independent number and position coordinates. All infrared sensors (11) are electrically connected to a controller (12). The delivery pump (10) and each branch valve (39) are also electrically connected to the controller (12) and controlled by the controller (12).

4. The energy storage battery container according to claim 3, characterized in that, The two ends of the housing (1) are separated by vertically arranged partitions (13) to form a left circulation duct (14), a right circulation duct (15), and a cooling chamber (16). The cooling chamber (16) is located at one end of the housing (1). The left circulation duct (14) is on one side of the cooling chamber (16), and the right circulation duct (15) is located at the other end of the housing (1). A space for accommodating the battery bracket (2) is formed between the partitions (13) on the opposite sides of the left circulation duct (14) and the right circulation duct (15). The battery bracket (2) is set between the left circulation duct (14) and the right circulation duct (15). On the partition (13) on the side of the left circulation duct (14) close to the battery bracket (2), there are ventilation openings (17) corresponding to each battery compartment (4). On the right circulation air duct (15), on the side of the longitudinal partition (13) near the battery bracket (2), there are also ventilation openings (17) corresponding to each battery compartment (4). The left circulation air duct (14) and the right circulation air duct (15) are separated by several horizontal partitions (18) to form a serpentine one-way flow channel between the left circulation air duct (14), each battery compartment (4), and the right circulation air duct (15). An air inlet (19) and an air outlet (20) are opened on the longitudinal partition (13) between the cooling chamber (16) and the left circulation air duct (14). The air inlet (19) and the air outlet (20) are located at the bottom and top of the longitudinal partition (13) respectively, and are directly opposite to the ventilation openings (17) of the corresponding bottom battery compartment (4) and top battery compartment (4). The left circulation duct (14) and right circulation duct (15) are equipped with blowers (21) that drive the airflow to flow in a serpentine unidirectional direction. The refrigeration chamber (16) is equipped with a refrigeration fan (22). The refrigeration fan (22) and the blower (21) are respectively connected to the controller (12) and controlled by the controller (12).

5. The energy storage battery container according to claim 4, characterized in that, The housing (1) is equipped with a horizontal slide rail (23) parallel to the side of the battery bracket (2). A vertical slide rail (24) is slidably connected to the horizontal slide rail (23). A slide block (25) is slidably connected to the vertical slide rail (24). A nozzle (26) is fixedly connected to the slide block (25). The nozzle (26) is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage tank (27) located inside the housing (1). A fire extinguishing solenoid valve (28) is provided on the nozzle (26) for opening and closing the nozzle (26). The horizontal slide rail (23) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (1) on one side of the battery bracket (2). The vertical slide rail (24) is slidably connected to the horizontal slide rail (23) through a slider (29). A rack (30) is provided on the horizontal slide rail (23) along its length. A transverse drive motor (31) is provided on the slider (29). The output shaft of the transverse drive motor (31) is connected to a gear (32) that meshes with the rack (30). The transverse drive motor (31) drives the slider (29) to slide along the horizontal slide rail (23) through the gear and rack transmission, thereby driving the vertical slide rail (24) to slide horizontally. The vertical slide rail (24) is also equipped with a rack (30). The slide block (25) is equipped with a longitudinal drive motor (33). The output shaft of the longitudinal drive motor (33) is connected to a gear (32) that meshes with the rack (30). The longitudinal drive motor (33) drives the slide block (25) to slide along the vertical slide rail (24) through the gear and rack transmission, thereby driving the nozzle (26) to move vertically. The transverse drive motor (31), the longitudinal drive motor (33), and the fire extinguishing solenoid valve (28) are electrically connected to the controller (12) and controlled by the controller (12).

6. The energy storage battery container according to claim 5, characterized in that, The coolant storage tank (9) and the fire extinguishing agent storage tank (27) are respectively located at the bottom of the left circulation duct (14) and the right circulation duct (15). The bottom of the refrigeration chamber (16) is provided with a nitrogen storage tank (34). The exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank (34) is connected to and controlled by the controller (12). The tops of the coolant storage tank (9), the fire extinguishing agent storage tank (27) and the nitrogen storage tank (34) are respectively isolated from the blower (21) and the refrigeration fan (22) by a partition (18).

7. The energy storage battery container according to claim 6, characterized in that, The battery bracket (2) also includes multiple columns (202) for supporting each layer of tray (201). The lower end of the column (202) extends to the bottom tray (201) and the top end of the column (202) extends to the top tray (201). The top end of each column (202) is connected to the top surface of the box (1) through a suspension chain (35), and the bottom end is connected to the bottom surface of the box (1) through a magnetorheological damper (36). The magnetorheological damper (36) is equipped with a displacement sensor (37) for detecting the piston rod stroke. The suspension chain (35) is in a tensioned state. The displacement sensor (37) and the magnetorheological damper (36) are electrically connected to the controller (12). The magnetorheological damper (36) is controlled by the controller (12).

8. The energy storage battery container according to claim 3, characterized in that, The infrared sensors (11) are distributed at the four corners of the battery, and adjacent batteries share one infrared sensor (11) at their close corners. Alternatively, the infrared sensor (11) is placed on the bottom surface of the tray (201) above the battery (3), with the infrared sensor (11) facing the battery (3) below, and the fireproof sticker (5) is attached around the infrared sensor (11).

9. A method for energy storage safety control based on the energy storage battery container of claim 8, characterized in that, The operating temperature of each battery (3) is monitored using an infrared sensor (11), and different cooling methods are selected according to the operating temperature of the battery (3). The specific strategies are as follows: When the battery (3) operating temperature is lower than or equal to the first temperature, the controller (12) only controls the blower (21) and the cooling blower (22) to work to air cool the battery (3); When the working temperature of the battery (3) is between or equal to the first temperature and the second temperature, the controller (12) controls the liquid delivery pump (10) to work and drive the coolant circulation, and liquid cools the battery (3) through the tray (201). At this time, the liquid delivery pump (10) is in a low load state, so that the tray (201) provides auxiliary cooling for the battery (3). When the working temperature of the battery (3) is greater than the second temperature, the controller (12) simultaneously controls the blower (21), the cooling blower (22) and the liquid pump (10) to work at full load to put the battery (3) into a rapid cooling mode. When the temperature of any battery (3) exceeds the third temperature, the charging and discharging circuit of the battery (3) is cut off, and at the same time the controller (12) increases the opening range of the branch valve (39) at the coolant inlet (601) of the serpentine flow channel (6) corresponding to the battery (3), thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant in the serpentine flow channel (6) corresponding to the battery (3). When the temperature of any battery (3) exceeds the fourth temperature, the controller (12) controls the transverse drive motor (31) and the longitudinal drive motor (33) to move, drive the nozzle (26) to move to the battery compartment (4) where the battery (3) is located, and spray fire extinguishing agent on the battery (3) in this layer through the gap between the battery (3) and the top surface of the battery compartment (4) to extinguish the fire of the battery (3) that is on fire, and cool down the nearby batteries (3) that are not on fire and isolate them through the fire extinguishing agent; After the fire is extinguished, the controller (12) opens the exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank (34), and the nitrogen storage tank (34) injects nitrogen into the refrigeration chamber (16). The nitrogen enters each battery compartment (4) along with the cooling airflow of the circulating cooling battery (3), so that the oxygen content in the box (1) drops below the oxygen content required for the battery (3) to catch fire, until the infrared sensor (11) detects that the temperature of all batteries (3) is stable below 40°C for 10 minutes. Then the exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank (34) is closed, and the ventilation valve (38) on the box (1) connected to the outside is opened. After the oxygen concentration inside the box (1) is gradually restored to normal, the workers are notified to enter the box (1) for manual maintenance. In order to detect oxygen concentration, an oxygen concentration sensor is installed inside the box (1) to detect the oxygen concentration in the space where the battery bracket (2) is located and send it to the controller (12). The first temperature < the second temperature < the third temperature < the fourth temperature, where the third temperature is the upper limit of the normal operating temperature range of the battery, and the fourth temperature is the temperature at which the battery spontaneously combusts due to thermal runaway.

10. The energy storage safety control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the energy storage battery container is in a static state, each magnetorheological damper (36) has a reserved piston rod stroke. The displacement sensor (37) detects the piston rod stroke of the magnetorheological damper (36) in real time and sends it to the controller (12). The controller (12) determines the vibration amplitude of the battery bracket (2) based on the change in the piston rod stroke amplitude and controls the damping force of the magnetorheological damper (36). When the vibration stroke amplitude of the piston rod increases, the controller (12) also increases the current of the magnetorheological damper (36), thereby increasing the damping force of the magnetorheological damper (36) and causing the vibration amplitude of the piston rod of the magnetorheological damper (36) to change within the initial range. When the stroke amplitude of the piston rod is less than the initial range, the controller (12) reduces the current of the magnetorheological damper (36) and causes the vibration amplitude of the piston rod of the magnetorheological damper (36) to return to within the initial range. When the displacement sensor (37) detects that the piston rod vibration stroke of the magnetorheological damper (36) exceeds the preset safe vibration range, in addition to increasing the current of the magnetorheological damper (36), the charging and discharging circuit of the battery (3) is cut off, the exhaust valve of the nitrogen storage tank (34) is opened, and the oxygen content in the box (1) is reduced to below 15% to avoid the battery (3) from spontaneous combustion caused by vibration. When the vibration ends and the current of the magnetorheological damper (36) returns to the initial state, the temperature status of each battery (3) is detected by the infrared sensor (11). After confirming that the temperature of all batteries (3) is normal, the charging and discharging circuit of the battery (3) is restored.

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