Energy storage system

Abstract

An energy storage system relates to the technical field of energy storage and comprises a base, a plurality of battery packs stacked on the base in the height direction of the energy storage system, a flue extending in the height direction and a filter device, the base is provided with a containing cavity, an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet are communicated with the containing cavity. The pressure release valves of the plurality of battery packs are respectively communicated with an inlet of the flue, and one end of an outlet of the flue extends to the base and is communicated with the air inlet; the filtering device comprises a filtering layer used for filtering liquid electrolyte and macromolecular particles, a cooling layer and an adsorption layer used for adsorbing gas, and the filtering layer, the cooling layer and the adsorption layer are sequentially arranged between the gas inlet and the gas outlet. According to the energy storage system, the filtering device is arranged on the base used for supporting the battery pack, the area of the filtering surface of the filtering device is reasonably increased under the condition that the size of the energy storage system is basically not increased, the smoke elimination effect is effectively improved, and fire hazards and other dangers caused by smoke diffusion and discharge are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread adoption of distributed energy systems, residential energy storage devices are becoming increasingly important as a core component of home energy management. Residential energy storage battery packs provide a stable and economical power supply to households by storing surplus photovoltaic power or charging during off-peak hours, and also offer emergency backup power. However, under abnormal conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, internal short circuits, or mechanical damage, residential energy storage systems are prone to thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, generating high-temperature toxic fumes and flammable gases that can spread into the external environment, causing not only environmental pollution but also serious fire hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The embodiments of this application provide an energy storage system in which a filter device is mounted on a base that supports a battery pack. This effectively improves the elimination of smoke without significantly increasing the volume of the energy storage system, thus preventing smoke from spreading and causing dangers such as fires.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage system, which includes a base, multiple battery packs stacked on the base along the height direction of the energy storage system, a flue extending along the height direction, and a filter device. The base is provided with a accommodating cavity and an air inlet and an air outlet communicating with the accommodating cavity. The pressure relief valves of the multiple battery packs are respectively connected to the inlet of the flue, and one end of the flue outlet extends to the base and is connected to the air inlet. The filter device includes a filter layer for filtering liquid electrolyte and large molecular particles, a cooling layer, and an adsorption layer for adsorbing gas. The filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer are arranged sequentially between the air inlet and the air outlet, that is, the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer are arranged sequentially along the path from the air inlet to the air outlet, so that the flue gas can pass through the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer sequentially.

[0005] In this embodiment, by setting a accommodating cavity on the base to house the filter device, the complex smoke elimination function is integrated into the accommodating cavity of the base. Compared to setting the accommodating cavity in other locations, the space of the existing base of the energy storage system can be fully utilized, making the overall structure of the energy storage system more compact. There is no need to add additional accommodating space for the filter device in other locations, which will not lead to an excessive increase in the size of the energy storage system. Moreover, setting the smoke elimination process in the accommodating cavity also protects environmental safety and the safety of personnel. Secondly, the base is set below the battery pack, and the flue extends along the height of the energy storage system. After the flue gas in the battery pack enters the flue, the flue gas first flows upward along the flue. When it reaches the top of the flue, it will turn back and flow downward along the flue to the filter device in the base. This ensures that the flue gas flows at least the length of the flue before reaching the filter device, allowing the flue gas to be sufficiently cooled in the flue. This ensures that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below the normal operating temperature of the filter layer when it reaches the filter device in the base, thus preventing the flue gas from damaging the filter device and ensuring that the filter device has the normal ability to filter flue gas.

[0006] Furthermore, for household energy storage systems, the base space is small, and the rationality of the filter device design affects the smoke elimination capability of the filter device. The filter device in this embodiment includes a filter layer, a cooling layer, and an adsorption layer. The filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer are arranged sequentially between the air inlet and the air outlet so that the flue gas can pass through the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer in sequence. First, the filter layer filters the liquid electrolyte and large molecular particles carried by the flue gas. Then, the cooling layer further cools the flue gas so that the temperature of the gas flowing from the cooling layer to the adsorption layer is lower than the normal operating temperature of the adsorption layer, so as to prevent the adsorption layer from being damaged by the high-temperature flue gas, so that the adsorption layer can work normally and improve the adsorption layer's ability to absorb flue gas. Furthermore, when the cooled flue gas passes through the adsorption layer, the gas molecules have lower kinetic energy and slower movement speed at lower temperatures, making the flue gas more easily adsorbed and captured by the adsorption layer. This also enhances the adsorption layer's ability to absorb flue gas. Additionally, the cooling effect of the cooling layer can convert some of the flue gas from a gaseous state to a liquid state, for example, cooling some gaseous electrolyte into a liquid electrolyte, making the gaseous electrolyte easier to intercept. This avoids the risks of fire and secondary pollution from toxic and harmful gases caused by flue gas emissions. In this embodiment, by integrating the flue and base, the flue gas elimination effect can be effectively improved without significantly increasing the volume of the energy storage system, avoiding or reducing the risks of fire and secondary pollution from toxic and harmful gases caused by flue gas emissions, thus protecting environmental and worker safety. Therefore, for miniaturized energy storage systems, by reasonably increasing the filter surface area of ​​the filter device without significantly increasing the system's volume, the flue gas elimination effect can be effectively improved, preventing the spread of flue gas and the resulting fire hazards.

[0007] In one implementation, the base is larger in length than the battery pack in width, and the filter layer, cooling layer and adsorption layer are arranged sequentially along the width.

[0008] In this embodiment, the length of the base is greater than its width. Arranging the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer sequentially along the width increases their length while decreasing their width. This increases the contact area between the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer and the flue gas, improving the efficiency of each layer in treating the flue gas and thus enhancing the smoke elimination capability of the filtration device. Furthermore, by reducing the width of the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer, the flow resistance of the flue gas through these layers is effectively reduced, preventing the risk of explosion due to accumulated flue gas in the flue or battery pack, and effectively improving the operational safety of the battery pack.

[0009] In one implementation, in the width direction, an airflow channel is formed between the surface of the filter layer away from the cooling layer and the inner surface of the accommodating cavity, and the airflow channel is connected to the air inlet.

[0010] In this embodiment, by setting up an airflow channel, the flue gas passes through the airflow channel before passing through the filter layer, filling the channel. Then, it passes through the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer sequentially along the width direction. The flue gas can contact the filter layer with a lower flow rate and a larger contact area, thereby improving the treatment effect of the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer on the flue gas and enhancing the smoke elimination capability of the filtration device. Moreover, the airflow channel can improve the uniformity of flue gas filtration by the filter layer, effectively reduce the flow resistance of the flue gas, and avoid airflow concentration in some places and insufficient utilization of the filter layer in other places. This improves the treatment efficiency of the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer on the flue gas and can also extend the service life of the filtration device.

[0011] In one implementation, the extension direction of the airflow channel is consistent with the length direction, that is, the airflow direction of the airflow channel is consistent with the length direction, and the airflow direction is the direction in which the airflow flows in the airflow channel. The air inlet is located at one end of the airflow channel in the length direction.

[0012] In this embodiment, by placing the air inlet at one end of the airflow channel, the flue gas flows along its length. This allows the flue gas to flow evenly and continuously along the length of the airflow channel, and it flows uniformly into the filter layer, increasing the contact area between the flue gas and the filter layer, thereby improving the filter layer's flue gas treatment efficiency. The flue gas entering the airflow channel changes its flow direction from the length direction to the width direction, allowing the flue gas to fill the airflow channel and further increasing the contact area between the flue gas and the filter layer. This allows the flue gas to flow more evenly through the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer sequentially, improving the treatment efficiency of each layer and thus enhancing the smoke elimination capability of the filtration device. Furthermore, changing the flow direction of the flue gas within the airflow channel from the length direction to the width direction also reduces the flue gas flow velocity. This reduced flow velocity improves the filtration effect of the filter layer on large particles or liquid electrolytes, enhances the cooling effect of the cooling layer on the passing flue gas, and improves the adsorption capacity of the adsorption layer on the flue gas.

[0013] In one implementation, the base is also provided with a smoke inlet chamber, which is located at one end of the airflow channel in the length direction. The air inlet is used to connect the smoke inlet chamber and the airflow channel, and one end of the flue outlet extends to the smoke inlet chamber and connects with the smoke inlet chamber.

[0014] In this embodiment, by setting up a smoke inlet chamber and connecting the smoke inlet chamber and the airflow channel, the flue gas enters the smoke inlet chamber from one end of the flue outlet. The smoke inlet chamber has a certain buffering effect on the flue gas, and the flue gas in the smoke inlet chamber can be cooled to a certain extent and the flow velocity of the airflow can be reduced. At this time, the large molecular particles and liquid electrolyte carried in the flue gas can undergo preliminary sedimentation in the smoke inlet chamber, avoiding the large amount of these large molecular particles and liquid electrolyte entering the airflow channel and causing blockage of the airflow channel and filter layer, thus extending the service life of the filter device.

[0015] In one implementation, the energy storage system further includes a gas bag located between the adsorption layer and the outlet, with the gas bag's inlet facing the adsorption layer. That is, in the path direction of the inlet and outlet, the gas bag is located on the side of the adsorption layer facing the outlet.

[0016] In this embodiment, by setting up an air bag to collect any residual gas after the filtration layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer have been treated, toxic and harmful gases are prevented from being released into the external environment, achieving zero emissions and improving safety and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway and excessive gas, the air bag can provide a certain containment space to contain and buffer the gas.

[0017] In one implementation, the air bag is fixed inside the accommodating cavity, and in the width direction, the air bag is located on the side of the adsorption layer facing the air outlet, and a portion of the air bag protrudes from the air outlet outside the accommodating cavity when it expands.

[0018] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer are reduced in the width direction to allow space for the installation of the gas bag, thereby improving the flue gas removal effect without increasing the volume of the energy storage system. By having part of the gas bag protrude outside the receiving cavity when inflated, the gas bag does not occupy additional installation space when not in operation. When in operation, the gas bag itself has a certain degree of flexibility, allowing gas to enter and inflate the gas bag, avoiding the risk of excessive high pressure due to excessive gas in a sealed rigid container, and improving the safety of the entire filtration device.

[0019] In one implementation, the air bag is fixed to the base, and the inlet and outlet of the air bag are connected.

[0020] In this embodiment, because the gas bag is independently positioned outside the receiving cavity, its size and volume are not limited by the internal space of the cavity, allowing for flexible design based on actual installation requirements. Being located outside the cavity also avoids the limitations imposed by the internal space during gas collection, preventing excessive local pressure caused by limited expansion space and mitigating the risk of rupture due to excessive internal pressure, thus improving the safety of gas collection. Furthermore, the independent positioning of the gas bag outside the cavity facilitates individual maintenance or replacement, reducing labor and maintenance costs.

[0021] In one implementation, the filter layer is made of filter cotton or fiber.

[0022] In this embodiment, the filter layer is made of organic or inorganic fiber materials such as filter cotton and glass fiber to achieve filtration of large molecular particles and liquid electrolyte.

[0023] In one implementation, the cooling layer is made of materials including honeycomb ceramic or metal mesh.

[0024] In this embodiment, the cooling layer is made of honeycomb ceramic, which has a large specific surface area and good thermal conductivity, enabling it to absorb the heat generated by the high-temperature flue gas and thus cool the flue gas. The cooling layer is also made of metal mesh, which has good thermal stability and mechanical strength, and can cool the flue gas while also providing some filtration.

[0025] In one implementation, the adsorption layer is made of activated carbon or hopalat agent.

[0026] In this embodiment, the adsorption layer is made of activated carbon, which has a microporous structure and can efficiently adsorb residual electrolyte, vapor, etc. The adsorption layer can also be made of hogallat agent, which is a catalyst that can catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide into non-toxic carbon dioxide, thus playing a role in chemical adsorption, preventing the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, ensuring the safety of personnel, and preventing carbon monoxide from being released into the external environment and causing environmental pollution.

[0027] In one implementation, the filter device further includes a flame-retardant layer located between the air inlet and the filter layer, that is, the flame-retardant layer is located on the side of the filter layer away from the cooling layer in the path direction from the air inlet to the air outlet, and the flame-retardant layer is made of a metal mesh or ceramic fiber.

[0028] In this embodiment, the flame-arresting layer is made of metal mesh or ceramic fiber. The metal mesh has a dense structure, and the metal mesh or ceramic fiber has high temperature resistance, flame retardant properties, and cooling properties. The flame-arresting layer is located between the air inlet and the filter layer, on the side of the filter layer away from the cooling layer in the path direction. Therefore, before the flue gas passes through the filter layer, it can be preliminarily cooled and flame particles can be eliminated by the flame-arresting layer, preventing damage to the filter layer. This can effectively ensure the normal operation of the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer, and improve the flue gas treatment effect of the filtration device.

[0029] In one implementation, the base includes a base body and a bottom cover. The base body has a receiving cavity, and the bottom cover is detachably connected to the base body and is used to seal the receiving cavity.

[0030] In this embodiment, the detachable base and bottom cover connection eliminates the need for complex processing steps during assembly. The required chamber shape can be manufactured using injection molding or similar methods, better ensuring the dimensional and shape accuracy of each chamber and reducing processing and assembly difficulties. Furthermore, the detachable bottom cover facilitates cleaning, maintenance, or replacement of filters or other components within the accommodating chambers, reducing manual operation costs.

[0031] In one implementation, each of the plurality of battery packs is provided with a sub-flue extending along the height direction, and the sub-flues of the plurality of battery packs are stacked and connected along the height direction to form the flue. Since the flue is formed by connecting multiple sub-flues, there is no need to design and install independent and complex flue systems, thereby simplifying the overall structure of the energy storage system, reducing manufacturing costs, and making efficient and rational use of space.

[0032] In one implementation, the battery pack includes a first housing for accommodating multiple battery cells and a second housing for accommodating a power module. The second housing is fixed to the side wall of the first housing in the width direction of the battery pack. The second housing has a sub-flue extending through in the height direction. The sub-flues of the second housings of multiple battery packs are aligned in the height direction and connected sequentially to form a flue.

[0033] In this embodiment, by forming the flue on each battery pack, for miniaturized energy storage devices, such as residential energy storage systems, there is no need for an overall cabinet, and there is no need to design and install an independent and complex flue system. The flue is formed on the second housing along with the stacking of battery packs, making the overall flue path consistent, and also simplifying the overall structure of the energy storage system, reducing manufacturing costs, and making efficient and reasonable use of space.

[0034] In one implementation, the feature is that the pressure relief valve of the battery pack is used to open in the event of thermal runaway of a cell within the battery pack to release gas into the flue.

[0035] In this embodiment, when a single cell in the battery pack experiences thermal runaway due to a fault, the pressure relief valve can be opened in time to release the high-temperature and high-pressure gas inside the battery pack, quickly cooling and depressurizing the battery pack. This can promptly suppress the risk of heat from the faulty cell spreading to other healthy cells. Furthermore, the filter device on the base can promptly absorb these high-temperature and high-pressure fumes, preventing the fumes from causing dangers such as fires. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a battery pack and base portion of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a structure of the base in the embodiment;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a filtering device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 6 yes Figure 1A schematic diagram of another state of the energy storage system in the embodiment;

[0043] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the base provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following section will first explain some of the terms used in the embodiments of this application.

[0045] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0046] In this specification, the terms "vertical" and "parallel" are explained.

[0047] Perpendicularity: The perpendicularity defined in this application is not limited to an absolute perpendicular intersection (with an included angle of 90 degrees). It is permissible for non-absolute perpendicular intersections caused by factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness. It is permissible for errors within a small angular range, such as an assembly error range of 80 to 100 degrees, which can all be understood as a perpendicular relationship.

[0048] Parallelism: The parallelism defined in this application is not limited to absolute parallelism. This definition of parallelism can be understood as basic parallelism, allowing for situations where there is no absolute parallelism due to factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness. These situations where there is no absolute parallelism are also defined as parallelism in this application.

[0049] Modern society is filled with devices that rely heavily on electricity, from small household appliances to large data centers and factory production lines. Electricity supply is a crucial factor in maintaining the normal operation of modern society, leading to the rapid development and widespread application of energy storage devices. With the rapid development of distributed energy systems, residential energy storage devices, as the core unit of home energy management, are seeing their application scale continuously expand, with installation scenarios gradually extending to garages, basements, and areas near living spaces. However, under abnormal conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, internal short circuits, or mechanical damage, residential energy storage systems are prone to thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, generating high-temperature toxic fumes and flammable gases, posing serious fire safety hazards.

[0050] However, residential energy storage systems are relatively small, and the location of the filter needs to be carefully designed to ensure energy density. If the filter is placed directly in the flue, it will not be able to effectively filter the flue gas because the flue of residential energy storage systems is usually narrow. If the filter is placed on the side of the energy storage system, it will occupy a large space and increase flow resistance, preventing gas from being discharged from the battery pack in a timely manner.

[0051] This application provides an energy storage system that, by placing a filter device on a base that supports a battery pack, reasonably increases the area of ​​the filter surface of the filter device without significantly increasing the volume of the energy storage system, effectively improving the elimination effect of flue gas and preventing the spread of flue gas from causing fires and other dangers.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application. (See attached diagram.) Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the embodiment provides an energy storage system 10, which includes a base 11, multiple battery packs 20, a flue 12, and a filter device 30. Multiple battery packs 20 are stacked on the base 11 along the height Z direction of the energy storage system 10, and the flue 12 extends along the height Z direction of the energy storage system 10. The battery packs 20 are used to store or release electrical energy. Each battery pack 20 is equipped with a pressure relief valve. When a large amount of gas (electrolyte vapor, CO, carbon dioxide, and alkane gases, etc.) is generated inside the battery pack 20 due to abnormal conditions such as overcharging, short circuit, or thermal runaway, the internal gas pressure of the battery rises sharply. After opening the pressure relief valve, the combustible gas can be quickly discharged, and the internal heat of the battery can be released simultaneously, preventing combustion and explosion.

[0053] See Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the battery pack 20 includes a first housing 201 for accommodating multiple battery cells and a second housing 202 for accommodating a power module. The second housing 202 is fixed to the side wall of the first housing 201 in the width direction Y of the cabinet. The second housing 202 has a channel extending through in the height direction Z. The channels of the second housings 202 of the multiple battery packs 20 are aligned and connected sequentially in the height direction Z, forming a flue 12. Specifically, the first housing 201 is used to accommodate multiple battery cells, which are arranged sequentially inside the first housing. The second housing 202 is used to accommodate the power module. Along the width direction Y of the energy storage system 10, the second housing 202 is fixed to the side wall of the first housing 201. Along the height direction Z of the energy storage system 10, the second housing 202 has a through channel. When multiple battery packs 20 are stacked in the height direction Z, the channels of the multiple second housings 202 are also aligned and connected sequentially in the height direction Z, and the sequential connection of the multiple channels forms a flue 12 extending through the multiple battery packs 20.

[0054] For miniaturized energy storage devices, such as residential energy storage systems without an overall cabinet, by forming the flue on multiple battery packs 20, there is no need to design and install a separate and complex flue system. Specifically, each of the multiple battery packs 20 is provided with a sub-flue 121 extending along the height direction Z. The sub-flues 121 of the multiple battery packs 20 are stacked and connected along the height direction to form the flue 12.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, the sub-flues 12 of multiple battery packs 20 are all formed on the second housing 202, and the multiple sub-flues 121 are aligned in the height direction Z, so that after stacking, a flue 12 extending in the height direction Z can be formed. Moreover, since there is no need to design and install an independent and complex flue system, the overall structure of the energy storage system 10 can be simplified, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the space can be used efficiently and rationally.

[0056] See Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the pressure relief valve of the battery pack 20 is used to open when a cell in the battery pack 20 experiences thermal runaway, releasing gas into the flue 12. In this embodiment, all battery packs 20 are equipped with pressure relief valves. When a single cell inside the battery pack 20 experiences thermal runaway, the single cell rapidly generates gas, causing the internal pressure of the battery pack 20 to rise, and the pressure relief valve can be opened in time. After the pressure relief valve opens, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the thermal runaway of the cell can be released into the flue 12 through the pressure relief valve, and then the gas in the flue 12 flows into the filter device 30 of the base 11. When a single cell in the battery pack 20 experiences thermal runaway due to failure, the pressure relief valve can be opened in time to discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure gas inside the battery pack 20, quickly cooling and depressurizing the battery pack. This can promptly suppress the risk of heat from the failed cell spreading to other healthy cells. The filter device 30 of the base 11 can promptly absorb these high-temperature and high-pressure flues, preventing the flue gas from causing dangers such as fires.

[0057] It is understood that, in some other embodiments, the energy storage system 10 in this embodiment can also be used to remove flue gas through a filtration device when two or fewer cells experience thermal runaway.

[0058] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a battery pack 20 and a base 11 portion of the energy storage system 10 provided in this embodiment of the application. Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the base 11 in the embodiment is shown to clearly illustrate the accommodating cavity 101 and the filter device 30 within the base 11. Figure 4 In this embodiment, the top of the base 11 is removed to clearly show the relationship between the filter device 30 and the receiving cavity 101.

[0059] See Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the base 11 is provided with a accommodating cavity 101, an air inlet 1011, and an air outlet 1012. Specifically, the base 11 encloses a accommodating cavity 101. The air inlet 1011 and the air outlet 1012 can communicate with the accommodating cavity 101, that is, one end of the accommodating cavity 101 is connected to the air inlet 1011, and the other end is provided with the air outlet 1012. The accommodating cavity 101 is used to accommodate the filter device 30. The pressure relief valves of the multiple battery packs 20 are respectively connected to the inlet of the flue 12, which can collect the flue gas generated when any battery pack 20 experiences thermal runaway. The flue 12 extends along the height direction Z of the energy storage system 10, and one end of the flue 12 extends to the base 11 and communicates with the air inlet 1011. It should be noted that, for ease of description, in the embodiments of this application, the length direction X of the base 11 is the same as the length direction X of the energy storage system 10 and the battery pack 20, the width direction Y of the base 11 is the same as the width direction Y of the energy storage system 10 and the battery pack 20, and the height direction Z of the base 11 is the same as the height direction Z of the energy storage system 10. In this embodiment, by providing a receiving cavity 101 on the base 11 to accommodate the filter device 30, the complex smoke elimination function is integrated into the receiving cavity of the base 11. Compared with setting the receiving cavity 101 in other locations, the space of the existing base 11 of the energy storage system 10 can be fully utilized, making the overall structure of the energy storage system 10 more compact. There is no need to add additional space for the filter device 30 in other locations, which will not cause the volume of the energy storage system 10 to increase excessively. Moreover, the smoke elimination process is enclosed in the receiving cavity 101, protecting environmental safety and the safety of personnel.

[0060] The filter device 30 is disposed in the accommodating cavity 101 of the base 11. The filter device 30 includes a filter layer 301, a cooling layer 302 and an adsorption layer 303. The filter layer is used to filter liquid electrolyte and large molecular particles. The cooling layer 302 is used to cool the flue gas again. The adsorption layer is used to adsorb the flue gas. The filter layer 301, the cooling layer 302 and the adsorption layer 303 are arranged sequentially between the air inlet 1011 and the air outlet 1012. That is, the filter layer 301, the cooling layer 302 and the adsorption layer 303 are arranged sequentially along the path from the air inlet 1011 to the air outlet 1012 so that the flue gas can pass through the filter layer 301, the cooling layer 302 and the adsorption layer 303 in sequence. Specifically, the base 11 is located below the battery pack 20, and the flue 12 extends along the height direction Z of the energy storage system 10. After the flue gas in the battery pack 20 enters the flue 12, the flue gas first flows upward along the flue 12. When it reaches the top of the flue, it will turn back and flow downward along the flue 12 to the filter device in the base 11. This ensures that the flue gas flows at least one length of the flue 12 before reaching the filter device 30, allowing the flue gas to be sufficiently cooled in the flue 12. This prevents the flue gas from damaging the filter device 30 and ensures that the filter device 30 has the ability to filter flue gas normally.

[0061] For household energy storage systems, the space in the base 11 is small, and the design rationality of the filter device 30 affects its smoke elimination capability. In this embodiment, the filter device 30 includes a filter layer 301, a cooling layer 302, and an adsorption layer 303. When flue gas enters the filter device 30 in the accommodating cavity 101 through the flue and the air inlet 1011, it first passes through the filter layer 301, where the liquid electrolyte and large molecular particles carried in the flue gas can be effectively filtered. Subsequently, the flue gas enters the cooling layer 302. 2. Further cooling of the flue gas reduces its temperature to below the normal operating temperature of the adsorption layer 303 as it flows through the cooling layer 302 towards the adsorption layer 303. This prevents damage to the adsorption layer from the high-temperature flue gas, ensuring its proper functioning and enhancing its flue gas absorption capacity. Furthermore, the cooling effect of the cooling layer 302 allows some of the flue gas to change from a gaseous to a liquid state, such as cooling some gaseous electrolyte to a liquid state, making it easier to intercept. Moreover, the cooled flue gas passing through the adsorption layer does not damage it. In fact, because the gas molecules in the flue gas have lower kinetic energy and slower speed at lower temperatures, residual electrolyte vapors, carbon monoxide, and other toxic and harmful gases are more easily adsorbed and captured by the adsorption layer, further enhancing its flue gas absorption capacity. This avoids the risks of fires and secondary pollution from toxic and harmful gases caused by flue gas emissions. In this embodiment, by integrating the flue 12 and the base 11, the elimination effect of flue gas can be effectively improved without significantly increasing the volume of the energy storage system 10. This avoids or reduces the risk of fire caused by flue gas discharge and secondary pollution of toxic and harmful gases, thus protecting the safety of the environment and the safety of the staff.

[0062] See Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the dimension of the base 11 in the length direction X of the battery pack 20 is larger than the dimension of the battery pack 20 in the width direction Y, and the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303 are arranged sequentially along the width direction Y. Specifically, the base 11 is generally rectangular in shape on the horizontal plane, and its dimension in the length direction X of the battery pack 20 is larger than its dimension in the width direction Y. The filter device 30 is arranged in the receiving cavity 101 of the base 11. Along the width direction Y of the base 11, the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303 are arranged sequentially along the width direction Y, so that the flue gas flowing in from the air inlet 1011 can pass through each layer of filter media sequentially and fully. By making the base 11 rectangular and arranging the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303 sequentially along the width direction Y, the internal space of the base 11 is fully utilized. The dimension of the base 11 in the length direction X is greater than its dimension in the width direction Y. The filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303 are arranged sequentially along the width direction Y. This increases the dimension of the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303 in the length direction X, while decreasing their dimension in the length direction X. This increases the contact area between the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303 and the flue gas, improving the flue gas treatment efficiency of each layer and thus enhancing the smoke elimination capability of the filter device 30. Furthermore, by reducing the dimension of the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303 in the width direction Y, the flow resistance of flue gas passing through these layers is effectively reduced, avoiding the risk of explosion due to accumulated flue gas in the flue or battery pack 20, effectively improving the operational safety of the battery pack 20. It is understood that in some other embodiments, the filter layer 301, the cooling layer 302 and the adsorption layer 303 may not be arranged exactly in the width direction Y, but may be arranged along a curve, as long as the flue gas can pass through the filter layer 301, the cooling layer 302 and the adsorption layer 303 in sequence.

[0063] Continue reading Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, in the width direction Y, an airflow channel 304 is formed between the surface of the filter layer 301 facing away from the cooling layer 302 and the inner surface of the accommodating cavity 101, and the airflow channel 304 is connected to the air inlet 1011. Specifically, in the width direction Y of the base 11 and the battery pack 20, there is a certain gap between the surface of the filter layer 301 facing away from the cooling layer 302 and the inner surface of the accommodating cavity 101, thereby forming an airflow channel 304. The airflow channel 304 extends along the length direction X of the base 11 and is directly connected to the air inlet 1011. The air inlet 1011 is located at one end of the airflow channel 304 along the length direction X. When high-temperature flue gas enters from the air inlet, it first flows along the length direction X along the airflow channel 304 and diffuses throughout the entire airflow channel. That is, before passing through the filter layer 301, the flue gas will pass through the airflow channel 304 and fill the airflow channel 304. Then, it passes through the filter layer 301, the cooling layer 302, and the adsorption layer 303 in sequence along the width direction Y. Through the arrangement of the airflow channel 304, the flue gas can contact the filter layer 301 with a lower flow rate and a larger contact area, thereby improving the treatment effect of the filter layer 301, the cooling layer 302, and the adsorption layer 303 on the flue gas and improving the smoke elimination capacity of the filtration device 30. Furthermore, the airflow channel 304 improves the uniformity of flue gas filtration by the filter layer 301, effectively reduces the flow resistance of the flue gas, and prevents airflow concentration in some areas while underutilizing the filter layer 301 in others. This enhances the flue gas treatment efficiency of the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303, improves the smoke elimination capability of the filter device 30, and extends its service life. Moreover, when maintenance or replacement is required, personnel can perform individual maintenance or replacement of the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, or adsorption layer 303 without disassembling the entire energy storage system 10, simplifying manual operation and reducing labor and maintenance costs.

[0064] See Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the extension direction of the airflow channel 304 is consistent with the length direction X, that is, the airflow direction of the airflow channel 304 is consistent with the length direction X. The airflow direction of the airflow channel 304 is the direction in which the gas flows within the airflow channel 304. The air inlet 1011 is located at one end of the airflow channel 304 in the length direction X. Since the air inlet 1011 is located at one end of the airflow channel 304 in the length direction X, when the flue gas enters from the air inlet 1011, the flow direction of the flue gas is from one end to the other along the length direction X of the airflow channel 304. Since the flue gas passes through the airflow channel 304 and fills the airflow channel 304 before passing through the filter layer 301, the flue gas can flow evenly and continuously when it flows through the airflow channel 304 to the filter layer, and the flue gas can flow evenly into the filter layer 301, increasing the contact area between the flue gas and the filter layer 301, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the filter layer 301 for the flue gas, and thus improving the smoke elimination capacity of the filter device 30.

[0065] Furthermore, the flow direction of the flue gas in the airflow channel 304 changes from the length direction X to the width direction Y. During this process, the flow velocity of the flue gas can be reduced. When the flow velocity of the flue gas is reduced, the filtration effect of the filter layer 301 on large particles or liquid electrolyte can be improved, the cooling effect of the cooling layer 302 on the passing flue gas can be improved, and the adsorption capacity of the adsorption layer 303 on the flue gas can be improved, thereby improving the smoke elimination capacity of the filter device 30.

[0066] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the base 11 is further provided with a smoke inlet chamber 102, which is located at one end of the airflow channel 304 in the length direction X. The air inlet 1011 connects the smoke inlet chamber 102 and the airflow channel 304. One end of the flue extends to the smoke inlet chamber 102 and connects to it, so that the air inlet 1011 can connect the smoke inlet chamber 102 and the airflow channel 304. At the same time, the flue 12 extends downward along the height direction Z of the battery pack 20, and one end of the flue 12 extends to the smoke inlet chamber 102 and connects to it. The flue gas can enter the flue 12 on the side wall of the battery pack 20 through the battery pack 20, and flow downward along the flue 12 to the smoke inlet chamber 102. The flue gas in the smoke inlet chamber 102 then enters the airflow channel 304 through the air inlet 1011 and flows along the length direction X of the base 11. Finally, it flows evenly to the filter layer 301, and then undergoes filtration, cooling and adsorption processes.

[0067] By setting up a smoke inlet chamber 102 and connecting the smoke inlet 1011 to the airflow channel 304, the flue gas enters the smoke inlet chamber 102 from the outlet end of the flue 12. The smoke inlet chamber 102 has a certain buffering effect on the flue gas, which can reduce the speed of the flue gas in the smoke inlet chamber 102. At this time, large molecular particles and liquid electrolytes carried in the flue gas can undergo preliminary sedimentation in the smoke inlet chamber 102, avoiding the large amount of these large molecular particles and liquid electrolytes entering the airflow channel 304 and causing blockage of the airflow channel 304 and the filter layer 301, thus extending the service life of the filter device 30. Moreover, the reduced flue gas velocity is conducive to improving the efficiency of the filter device 30 in dealing with the flue gas. For example, it can improve the filtration effect of the filter layer 301 on large particles or liquid electrolytes, improve the cooling effect of the cooling layer 302 on the passing flue gas, and improve the adsorption capacity of the adsorption layer 303 on the flue gas, thereby improving the smoke elimination capacity of the filter device 30.

[0068] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a filtering device 30 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0069] Reference Figure 5 In some embodiments, the filter layer 301 is made of filter cotton or fiber. The filter layer 301 is made of organic or inorganic fiber materials such as filter cotton or glass fiber, and has a porous structure to achieve filtration of large molecular particles and liquid electrolyte.

[0070] In some embodiments, the cooling layer 302 is made of either honeycomb ceramic or a metal filter. When honeycomb ceramic is used, it has a large specific surface area and good thermal conductivity, enabling it to absorb heat generated by the high-temperature flue gas, thereby cooling the flue gas. Alternatively, when a metal filter is used, it has good thermal stability and mechanical strength, providing both cooling and filtration of the flue gas.

[0071] In some embodiments, the adsorption layer 303 is made of activated carbon or hogalat agent. Activated carbon, with its microporous structure, can efficiently adsorb residual electrolytes, vapors, etc. Holgalat agent, as a catalyst, can catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide to non-toxic carbon dioxide, thus performing chemical adsorption, preventing carbon monoxide poisoning risks, ensuring personnel safety, and preventing carbon monoxide from being released into the environment and causing pollution.

[0072] In some embodiments, the filter device 30 further includes a flame-arresting layer 306, which is located between the air inlet 1011 and the filter layer 301. Specifically, the flame-arresting layer 306 is positioned on the side of the filter layer 301 away from the cooling layer 302 in the path direction. The flame-arresting layer 306 is made of metal mesh or ceramic fiber. The filter device 30 may also include a flame-arresting layer 306, which is made of metal mesh or ceramic fiber. The metal mesh has a dense structure, and the metal mesh or ceramic fiber has high-temperature resistance, flame-retardant properties, and cooling properties. Since the flame-arresting layer 306 is located between the air inlet 1011 and the filter layer 301, the flue gas can be preliminarily cooled and flame particles eliminated by the flame-arresting layer 306 before passing through the filter layer 301, preventing damage to the filter layer 301. This effectively ensures the normal operation of the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303, improving the flue gas treatment effect of the filter device 30.

[0073] It is understood that the materials of the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, adsorption layer 303 and flame-retardant layer 306 are not limited to the materials mentioned above. The above embodiments are just examples of several suitable materials.

[0074] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of another state of the energy storage system 10 in the embodiment is shown, wherein Figure 1 This represents the state of the air bag 305 when the battery cell has not experienced thermal runaway. Figure 6 This shows the state of the airbag 305 during inflation when it experiences thermal runaway.

[0075] See Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the energy storage system 10 further includes a gas bag 305, which is located between the adsorption layer 303 and the outlet 1012. Specifically, in the path direction, the gas bag 305 is located on the side of the adsorption layer 303 facing the outlet 1012, and its inlet faces the adsorption layer 303. Because the gas bag 305 is located on the side of the adsorption layer 303 facing the outlet 1012 in the flow path of the flue gas from the inlet 1011 to the outlet 1012, and its inlet faces the outlet of the adsorption layer 303, the flue gas, after being processed by the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303, can directly enter the interior of the gas bag 305. The gas bag 305 can also collect any residual, incompletely adsorbed gases (such as hydrogen) that may remain in the filter device 30, thereby achieving zero emissions and avoiding environmental pollution.

[0076] In some embodiments, the airbag 305 can be made of a flexible, airtight, and corrosion-resistant material. The airbag 305 has a certain degree of flexibility, so its installation does not require excessive additional volume, effectively improving the smoke removal effect without increasing the volume of the energy storage system 10, thus preventing smoke emissions from causing fires or other hazards.

[0077] Understandably, when the number of cells experiencing thermal runaway is small, the gas bag 305 collects any residual gas after treatment by the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303, preventing toxic and harmful gases from being released into the external environment, achieving zero emissions, and improving safety and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, when the number of cells experiencing thermal runaway within the battery pack 20 is large, generating a significant amount of gas, the gas bag 305 can also provide a certain amount of containment space to contain and buffer the gas.

[0078] Continue reading Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the air bag 305 is fixed inside the accommodating cavity 101. In the width direction Y, the air bag 305 is located on the side of the adsorption layer 303 facing the air outlet 1012. When the air bag 305 expands, a portion of it protrudes from the air outlet 1012 outside the accommodating cavity 101.

[0079] Specifically, the air bag 305 can be fixed in the accommodating cavity 101 by means of cable ties, mounting brackets, etc.

[0080] As described above, arranging the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303 sequentially along the width direction Y effectively reduces their dimensions in the width direction Y. This allows for the reservation of space in the width direction Y, enabling the placement of the gas bag 305 on the side of the adsorption layer 303 facing the air outlet 1012. This fully utilizes the reserved space in the width direction Y for installing the gas bag. It is understood that when no flue gas passes through, the gas bag 305 is in a folded or compressed state, allowing it to be housed inside the receiving cavity 101 without occupying additional external space. When the gas bag 305 expands, a portion of it protrudes from the outlet 1012 outside the accommodating cavity 101. After the flue gas passes through the filter layer 301, the cooling layer 302, and the adsorption layer 303, it directly enters the interior of the gas bag 305, causing the gas bag 305 to expand. The gas bag 305 can expand and extend outward, that is, the effective volume of the gas bag 305 increases, and it can collect more residual gas.

[0081] Furthermore, since the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303 can be arranged sequentially in the width direction Y, their dimensions can be reduced in the width direction Y to reserve space for installing the gas bag. This achieves improved flue gas elimination efficiency without increasing the volume of the energy storage system 10. By having part of the gas bag 305 protrude outside the receiving cavity 101 when inflated, the gas bag 305 does not occupy additional installation space when not in operation. When in operation, the gas bag 305 itself has a certain degree of flexibility, allowing gas to enter and inflate the gas bag 305. This avoids the risk of excessive high pressure due to excessive gas in a sealed rigid container, thus improving the safety of the entire filtration device 30.

[0082] It is understood that in some other embodiments, the air bag 305 may also be located outside the receiving cavity 101, for example, the air bag 305 may be fixed to the base 11, with the inlet and outlet 1012 of the air bag 305 connected. For example, the air bag 305 may be fixed to the base 11 by means of cable ties, mounting brackets, or other installation methods, and the air bag 305 may be fixed to the side wall of the base 11 or other external mounting parts. The inlet and outlet 1012 of the air bag 305 are connected; specifically, the inlet of the air bag 305 may be connected to the outlet 1012 of the receiving cavity 101 through a pipe or other connection method, and a certain degree of sealing is maintained between the inlet and outlet 1012 of the air bag 305.

[0083] After the flue gas passes through the filter layer 301, cooling layer 302, and adsorption layer 303, it is discharged from the outlet 1012 and can be directly collected in the gas bag 305 outside the receiving cavity 101. Because the gas bag 305 is independently located outside the receiving cavity 101, its size and volume are not limited by the internal space of the receiving cavity 101, allowing for flexible design based on actual installation requirements. The gas bag 305's location outside the receiving cavity 101 also avoids the limitations of the internal space during gas collection, preventing excessive local pressure caused by limited expansion space and mitigating the risk of rupture due to excessive internal pressure, thus improving the safety of gas collection. Furthermore, the independent location of the gas bag 305 outside the receiving cavity 101 facilitates individual maintenance or replacement, reducing labor and maintenance costs.

[0084] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the base provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0085] See Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the base 11 includes a base 111 and a bottom cover 112. The base 111 has a receiving cavity 101. The bottom cover 112 is detachably connected to the base 111 and is used to cover the receiving cavity 101.

[0086] In this embodiment, the base 11 includes a base 111 and a bottom cover 112. The base 111 mainly serves as a load-bearing structure, and a receiving cavity 101 is formed on the base 111. The base 111 is used to support the receiving cavity 101. The bottom cover 112 is detachably connected to the base 111. The bottom cover 112 can be connected to the base 111 by detachable connection methods such as screws and buckles. The bottom cover 112 is used to seal the receiving cavity 101, so that the inside of the receiving cavity 101 forms a closed and airtight structure, ensuring the safety of the environment inside the receiving cavity 101.

[0087] The detachable base 111 and bottom cover 112 connection eliminates the need for complex processing steps during assembly. The required chamber shape can be manufactured through injection molding or other methods, better ensuring the dimensional and shape accuracy of each chamber and reducing processing and assembly difficulties. Furthermore, the detachable bottom cover 112 facilitates cleaning, maintenance, or replacement operations by personnel when maintaining or replacing the filter device 30 or other components within the accommodating cavity 101, reducing manual operation costs.

[0088] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes a base, multiple battery packs stacked on the base along the height direction of the energy storage system, a flue extending along the height direction, and a filtration device. The base is provided with a receiving cavity and an air inlet and an air outlet communicating with the receiving cavity. The pressure relief valves of the multiple battery packs are respectively connected to the inlet of the flue. One end of the outlet of the flue extends to the base and is connected to the air inlet. The filtration device includes a filter layer for filtering liquid electrolyte and large molecular particles, a cooling layer, and an adsorption layer for adsorbing gases, wherein the filter layer, cooling layer, and adsorption layer are arranged sequentially between the air inlet and the air outlet.

2. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base is larger in length than the battery pack in width, and the filter layer, cooling layer and adsorption layer are arranged sequentially along the width.

3. The energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the width direction, an airflow channel is formed between the surface of the filter layer away from the cooling layer and the inner surface of the accommodating cavity, and the airflow channel is connected to the air inlet.

4. The energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The airflow channel extends along the length direction, and the air inlet is located at one end of the airflow channel along the length direction.

5. The energy storage system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The base is also provided with a smoke inlet chamber, which is located at one end of the airflow channel in the length direction. The air inlet is used to connect the smoke inlet chamber and the airflow channel. One end of the flue outlet extends to the smoke inlet chamber and communicates with the smoke inlet chamber.

6. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes a gas bag, which is disposed between the adsorption layer and the gas outlet, with the inlet of the gas bag facing the adsorption layer.

7. The energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air bag is fixed inside the accommodating cavity. In the width direction, the air bag is located on the side of the adsorption layer facing the air outlet. When the air bag expands, a portion of it protrudes from the air outlet outside the accommodating cavity.

8. The energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air bag is fixed on the base, and the inlet of the air bag is connected to the outlet.

9. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The filter layer is made of materials including filter cotton or fibers.

10. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The cooling layer is made of materials including honeycomb ceramics or metal filters.

11. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The adsorption layer is made of activated carbon or hopalat agent.

12. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The filtration device further includes a flame-retardant layer located between the air inlet and the filter layer, and the flame-retardant layer is made of a material including metal mesh or ceramic fiber.

13. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The base includes a base body and a bottom cover. The base body has the accommodating cavity. The bottom cover is detachably connected to the base body and is used to seal the accommodating cavity.

14. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of battery packs is provided with a sub-flue extending along the height direction, and the sub-flues of the plurality of battery packs are stacked and connected along the height direction to form the flue.

15. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The pressure relief valve of the battery pack is used to open in the event of thermal runaway of one of the cells in the battery pack to release gas into the flue.

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