Multi-channel extrusion device and metal composite board preparation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of metal plastic forming, and discloses a multi-channel extrusion device and a metal composite board preparation method.The multi-channel extrusion device comprises an extrusion container assembly, an extrusion die assembly, an extrusion driving assembly, a heating and heat preservation assembly and a quenching cooling assembly, the extrusion container assembly is provided with at least two layers of extrusion channels, and each layer of extrusion channel comprises at least two extrusion channels; the extrusion die assembly comprises an upper die, a middle die and a lower die, the upper die is provided with at least two layers of extrusion forming channels, each layer of extrusion forming channel comprises at least two extrusion forming channels, the middle die is provided with at least two extrusion fusion channels, and the lower die is provided with an extrusion composite channel; the extrusion driving assembly comprises a plurality of extrusion rods and an extrusion driving structure; the heating and heat preservation assembly is used for heating and heat preservation of the extrusion container assembly and the extrusion mold assembly; the quenching cooling assembly comprises a forced air cooling mechanism and a spray quenching mechanism. In the one-time continuous extrusion process, compounding, forming and on-line heat treatment of multiple layers of metal materials are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal plastic forming, and in particular to a multi-channel extrusion device and a method for preparing metal composite sheets. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for lightweight, high-strength, and multifunctional materials, aluminum / magnesium and aluminum / magnesium / aluminum composite sheets have shown significant application value in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, rail transportation, and marine engineering.

[0003] Extrusion processes offer advantages such as simplicity, high material utilization, and dense microstructure, making them particularly suitable for preparing billets with complex cross-sectional shapes. However, conventional single-cylinder extrusion has the following limitations: it struggles to meet the needs of multi-layer composite materials or materials with multiple functional zones; the thickness and width of the formed material are limited, making it difficult to significantly increase output through rapid expansion; and existing extrusion equipment is also difficult to flexibly adjust according to the specific width and thickness requirements of the sheet material.

[0004] Traditional manufacturing methods combine extrusion molding with offline rolling. Rolling further flattens and presses the billet obtained from extrusion or forging, resulting in a finer layered structure, higher dimensional accuracy, and better surface quality. However, this traditional method has significant drawbacks: firstly, extrusion and rolling equipment are usually laid out separately, leading to high labor and energy consumption due to material handling; secondly, when rolling multilayer composite materials, the bonding strength between different material layers is difficult to reliably guarantee. Summary of the Invention The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-channel extrusion device and a method for preparing metal composite plates, so as to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial option or create conditions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: This invention provides a multi-channel extrusion device, comprising: The extrusion cylinder assembly has at least two layers of extrusion channels arranged at intervals along a first direction, and each layer of extrusion channels includes at least two extrusion channels arranged at intervals along a second direction. An extrusion die assembly includes an upper die, a middle die, and a lower die arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction at the discharge end of the extrusion cylinder assembly. The upper die has at least two layers of extrusion forming channels corresponding one-to-one with at least two layers of extrusion channels. Each layer of extrusion forming channels includes at least two extrusion forming channels that communicate one-to-one with the at least two extrusion channels. The middle die has at least two extrusion fusion channels corresponding one-to-one with the at least two layers of extrusion forming channels. Each extrusion fusion channel communicates with all the extrusion forming channels in each layer. The lower die has an extrusion composite channel that communicates with at least two extrusion fusion channels. An extrusion drive assembly includes multiple extrusion rods and an extrusion drive structure, wherein the extrusion drive structure is used to drive the multiple extrusion rods to move in and out of the multiple extrusion channels in a one-to-one correspondence, so as to extrude and push the metal bar into the extrusion forming channel; A heating and heat preservation component is used to heat and preserve the extrusion cylinder assembly and the extrusion die assembly. A quenching and cooling assembly is located at the outlet end of the extrusion composite channel. The quenching and cooling assembly includes a forced air cooling mechanism and a spray quenching mechanism arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction.

[0006] The advantages of the multi-channel extrusion device of the present invention are: During processing, metal bars of different materials are placed into the corresponding extrusion channels of a multi-layer extrusion device. Multiple extrusion rods are controlled to advance synchronously in each extrusion channel, pushing the metal bars to the extrusion forming channel. After undergoing plastic deformation and preliminary fusion in the extrusion forming channel, the metal bars enter a specially designed extrusion fusion channel. In this channel, the metals further diffuse and combine under high temperature and pressure to form a preliminary composite sheet / strip. The preliminary composite sheet / strip then enters the extrusion composite channel, where, under the geometric constraints and pressure, it is composited into a tightly bonded, dimensionally accurate metal composite sheet. The extruded metal composite sheet immediately enters the subsequent cooling section. First, it is rapidly and uniformly cooled by a forced air cooling mechanism; then, it undergoes controlled spray quenching using a spray quenching mechanism. This continuous cooling process aims to refine the grains and regulate the material's microstructure. After online heat treatment, the final formed metal composite sheet is obtained.

[0007] This invention achieves the composite, forming, and online heat treatment of multi-layer metal materials in a single continuous extrusion process. Its core advantages are: Strengthening metallurgical bonding: Under high temperature and high pressure, the multilayer materials complete sufficient plastic flow and interdiffusion, achieving a strong interlayer metallurgical bond, which significantly improves the bonding strength and fatigue performance of the composite interface.

[0008] Process integration and energy saving: By integrating composite, forming and heat treatment into a single continuous process, the process avoids multiple heating, transfer and offline processing steps in traditional processes, and significantly reduces energy consumption while directly obtaining high-strength and high-surface-quality sheets.

[0009] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the extrusion cylinder assembly includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder detachably sleeved inside the outer cylinder, and the extrusion channel is located in the inner cylinder.

[0010] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the upper mold includes an upper mold cylinder and an upper mold core detachably sleeved inside the upper mold cylinder, and the extrusion molding channel is located in the upper mold core; The intermediate mold includes an intermediate mold cylinder and an intermediate mold core detachably fitted inside the intermediate mold cylinder, and the extrusion fusion channel is located in the intermediate mold core; The lower mold includes a lower mold cylinder and a lower mold core detachably sleeved inside the lower mold cylinder, and the extrusion composite channel is located in the lower mold core; The outer cylinder, upper mold cylinder, middle mold cylinder, and lower mold cylinder are sequentially disassembled and connected.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the heating and heat preservation assembly includes multiple heating sleeves, which are respectively fitted onto the outer side of the outer cylinder, the upper mold cylinder, the middle mold cylinder and the lower mold cylinder. Each heating sleeve is provided with a number of heating coils spaced apart along the extrusion direction, and the number of heating coils independently control heating and heat preservation.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the diameter of the extrusion channel is D, and the center distance between two adjacent extrusion channels is (1.3-1.5)D.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the flow cross-section of the extrusion fusion channel is a flat structure extending along the second direction, and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the extrusion fusion channel is set to gradually decrease along the extrusion direction.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the extrusion fusion channel includes a fusion inlet, a fusion chamber, a working belt and a forming outlet arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction. At least two of the extrusion fusion channels are spaced apart along the first direction. The fusion inlet is connected to all the extrusion forming channels in one layer. At least two of the forming outlets are close to each other along the first direction and connected to the inlet of the extrusion composite channel.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrusion molding channel is arranged to gradually increase along the extrusion direction.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the extrusion composite channel is a flat structure extending along the second direction.

[0017] Furthermore, this invention also proposes a method for preparing metal composite plates, employing the aforementioned multi-channel extrusion device. The method for preparing metal composite plates includes: Select metal rods of different materials according to the required metal composite sheet material; The metal bar is preheated according to the preset preheating temperature control; According to the preset composite method, the preheated metal bars of different materials are placed one by one into the extrusion channels of each layer, wherein the metal bars in each extrusion channel are of the same material. The metal bar is heated and kept warm according to the preset heating and heat preservation temperature; According to the preset extrusion rate, multiple extrusion rods are controlled to extrude and push the metal bar into the extrusion forming channel. After being fused through different extrusion fusion channels, different metal sheets are formed. Then, they are fused through the extrusion composite channel to be fused into a metal composite sheet. Forced air cooling and spray quenching are controlled on the extruded metal composite sheet.

[0018] This invention achieves a combination of plastic flow and diffusion of metals at high temperatures, resulting in high-strength, high-surface-quality metal composite sheets. Furthermore, the extrusion die assembly employs a modular design, allowing for flexible adjustment of the number of channels and the configuration of the extrusion cylinder assembly, significantly improving production efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing the interfacial bonding strength and performance of the composite sheets. It is suitable for various metal composite applications, including aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments; Figure 1 This is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the multi-channel extrusion device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the multi-channel extrusion device provided by the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of the metal composite plate preparation method provided by the present invention; Icon labels: Extrusion cylinder assembly 100; extrusion channel 110; outer cylinder 120; inner cylinder 130; Extrusion die assembly 200; upper die 210; extrusion forming channel 211; upper die cylinder 212; upper die core 213; middle die 220; extrusion fusion channel 221; fusion inlet 2211; fusion chamber 2212; working belt 2213; forming outlet 2214; middle die cylinder 222; middle die core 223; lower die 230; extrusion composite channel 231; lower die cylinder 232; lower die core 233; Heating and insulation component 300; heating jacket 310; heating coil 320; Quenching and cooling assembly 400; forced air cooling mechanism 410; spray quenching mechanism 420; Extrusion bar 500. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or their sequential relationship.

[0024] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installing," and "connecting" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0026] Currently, there is a lack of a compact, independently distributed channel extrusion molding device and metal composite sheet preparation method that can simultaneously implement multi-layer composite extrusion molding and metal composite sheet preparation. In view of the defects of existing technologies such as separation of extrusion and rolling, limited production capacity, and poor quality of composite bonding surface, this invention designs a multi-channel extrusion device. Through multi-channel extrusion, multi-layer materials are stacked and jointly extruded, so that the multi-layer materials can achieve full metal diffusion and metallurgical bonding in a high-temperature softened state. This can significantly improve the bonding surface strength and overall performance, while increasing production capacity and reducing energy consumption.

[0027] Reference Figures 1-2 The multi-channel extrusion device of the present invention is provided in the following embodiments: The multi-channel extrusion device of the present invention includes: an extrusion cylinder assembly 100, an extrusion die assembly 200, an extrusion drive assembly, a heating and heat preservation assembly 300, and a quenching and cooling assembly 400.

[0028] The extrusion cylinder assembly 100 is provided with at least two layers of extrusion channels 110. The at least two layers of extrusion channels 110 are arranged at intervals along a first direction. Each layer of extrusion channels 110 includes at least two extrusion channels 110 arranged at intervals along a second direction. In this embodiment, three layers of extrusion channels 110 are provided, with three extrusion channels 110 in each layer. The three layers of extrusion channels 110 are arranged in the vertical direction, while the three extrusion channels 110 in each layer are arranged at intervals along the front-back direction. The extrusion channels 110 extend and penetrate in the left-right direction.

[0029] The extrusion channels 110 can be arranged in a matrix or staggered manner, and the number of extrusion channels 110 is m×n, where m≥2 and n≥2.

[0030] The diameter of the extrusion channel 110 is D, and the center-to-center distance between two adjacent extrusion channels 110 is (1.3-1.5)D.

[0031] The extrusion die assembly 200 of the present invention includes an upper die 210, a middle die 220 and a lower die 230 arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction. In this embodiment, the extrusion direction is left and right. The upper die 210, the middle die 220 and the lower die 230 are arranged sequentially from left to right at the discharge end of the extrusion cylinder assembly 100.

[0032] In this embodiment, the upper mold 210 is provided with at least two layers of extrusion molding channels 211. The number of layers of extrusion molding channels 211 corresponds one-to-one with the number of layers of extrusion channels 110. Each layer of extrusion molding channels 211 includes at least two extrusion molding channels 211. The number of extrusion molding channels 211 corresponds one-to-one with the number of extrusion channels 110 and they are connected one-to-one. The middle mold 220 is provided with at least two extrusion fusion channels 221. The number of extrusion fusion channels 221 corresponds one-to-one with the number of layers of extrusion molding channels 211. The extrusion fusion channels 221 are connected to all the extrusion molding channels 211 in each layer. The lower mold 230 is provided with an extrusion composite channel 231. The extrusion composite channel 231 is connected to the outlet of all the extrusion fusion channels 221.

[0033] In this embodiment, the flow cross section of the extrusion fusion channel 221 is a flat structure extending in the front-back direction, and the flow cross section area of ​​the extrusion fusion channel 221 is set to gradually decrease along the extrusion direction in order to fully fuse the metal material.

[0034] Specifically, the extrusion fusion channel 221 includes a fusion inlet 2211, a fusion chamber 2212, a working belt 2213 and a forming outlet 2214 arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction. At least two extrusion fusion channels 221 are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction. The fusion inlet 2211 is connected to all extrusion forming channels 211 in one layer. At least two forming outlets 2214 are close to each other in the vertical direction and connected to the inlet of the extrusion composite channel 231.

[0035] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the extrusion molding channel 211 gradually increases along the extrusion direction so that the metal material can enter the extrusion fusion channel 221 uniformly.

[0036] In this embodiment, the extrusion composite channel 231 is a flat structure extending in the front-back direction. The thickness and width of the extrusion composite channel 231 are determined according to the required sheet material.

[0037] Furthermore, the extrusion cylinder assembly 100 of this embodiment includes an outer cylinder 120 and an inner cylinder 130, the inner cylinder 130 being detachably sleeved inside the outer cylinder 120, and the extrusion channels 110 being distributed in the inner cylinder 130.

[0038] In this embodiment, the upper mold 210 includes an upper mold cylinder 212 and an upper mold core 213 detachably fitted inside the upper mold cylinder 212, with an extrusion molding channel 211 located in the upper mold core 213; the middle mold 220 includes a middle mold cylinder 222 and a middle mold core 223 detachably fitted inside the middle mold cylinder 222, with an extrusion fusion channel 221 located in the middle mold core 223; the lower mold 230 includes a lower mold cylinder 232 and a lower mold core 233 detachably fitted inside the lower mold cylinder 232, with an extrusion composite channel 231 located in the lower mold core 233. The outer cylinder 120, upper mold cylinder 212, middle mold cylinder 222, and lower mold cylinder 232 are sequentially and detachably connected. Through modular design, the number of extrusion channels and mold layers can be flexibly adjusted to meet the production needs of two or more layers of metal composite sheets, and can be quickly expanded according to demand.

[0039] The outer cylinder 120, upper mold cylinder 212, middle mold cylinder 222 and lower mold cylinder 232 can be connected by bolts.

[0040] The heating and heat preservation component 300 in this embodiment is used to heat and preserve the extrusion cylinder assembly 100 and the extrusion die assembly 200.

[0041] Specifically, the heating and heat preservation assembly 300 includes multiple heating sleeves 310, which are fitted one by one on the outside of the outer cylinder 120, the upper die cylinder 212, the middle die cylinder 222, and the lower die cylinder 232. Each heating sleeve 310 is provided with a number of heating coils 320 spaced apart along the extrusion direction. The multiple heating sleeves 310 completely enclose the periphery of the extrusion cylinder assembly 100 and the extrusion die assembly 200. Each heating coil 320 can be independently PID controlled to ensure that the temperature is within a specified range, and is used to heat and preserve the extrusion cylinder assembly 100 and the extrusion die assembly 200.

[0042] Furthermore, the heating and insulation component 300 is equipped with a temperature measurement point and an infrared temperature measurement camera. By feeding back various temperature parameters to the control system, dynamic power adjustment is achieved to ensure that the temperature of the extrusion cylinder component and the extrusion die component is within the specified range.

[0043] The extrusion drive assembly of the present invention includes a plurality of extrusion rods 500 and an extrusion drive structure. The number of extrusion rods 500 corresponds one-to-one with the number of extrusion channels 110. The extrusion drive structure is used to drive the plurality of extrusion rods 500 to move in and out of the plurality of extrusion channels 110 in a one-to-one correspondence, so as to extrude and push the metal bar to the extrusion forming channel 211.

[0044] The extrusion drive structure can be a hydraulic system or a pneumatic system. A pressure sensor is installed between the extrusion drive structure and the extrusion rod 500. The pressure inside the cavity is monitored in real time and adjusted by PLC control to ensure that the extrusion pressure is within the rated working pressure of the extruder.

[0045] The quenching and cooling assembly 400 of the present invention is located at the outlet end of the extrusion composite channel 231. The quenching and cooling assembly 400 includes a forced air cooling mechanism 410 and a spray quenching mechanism 420 arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction.

[0046] The quenching of this invention is carried out in two stages: the first stage adopts forced air cooling, the temperature of which is set by the user, and the forced air cooling adopts a switchable mode of cold and hot air to rapidly dissolve the material or control the quenching rate to optimize the grain structure; the second stage adopts spray quenching to ensure that the temperature of the metal composite plate drops below room temperature.

[0047] Furthermore, this invention also proposes a method for preparing metal composite sheets, employing the aforementioned multi-channel extrusion device, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the method for preparing metal composite plates includes: Step S100: Select metal rods of different materials according to the metal composite plate to be prepared; Step S200: Preheat the metal bar according to the preset preheating temperature control; Step S300: According to the preset compounding method, the preheated metal bars of different materials are placed one by one into the extrusion channels 110 of each layer, wherein the metal bars in each extrusion channel 110 are of the same material. Step S400: Heat and maintain the metal bar at the preset heating and heat preservation temperature; Step S500: According to the preset extrusion rate, multiple extrusion rods 500 control the metal bar to extrude and push it to the extrusion forming channel 211. After being fused through different extrusion fusion channels 221, different metal plates are formed. Then, they are fused through the extrusion composite channel 231 to form a metal composite plate. Step S600: Control the forced air cooling and spray quenching of the extruded metal composite sheet.

[0048] In steps S100 and S200, in this embodiment, the metal materials to be composited, such as aluminum alloy / magnesium alloy, are cut to a specific length, placed in a heating furnace and heated to 400-550°C and held for 2-4 hours, taking aluminum alloy as an example.

[0049] In step S400, several heating coils 320 are individually controlled to ensure that the temperature is within a specified range.

[0050] In step S500, the extrusion drive structure sets the extrusion rate V1 (0.5mm / s-5mm / s), pushes the extrusion rod 500 to extrude bars of different metals in the extrusion channel 110, and controls the pressure in the die cavity within the rated operating range of the extruder through a pressure sensor. The extrusion rod 500 pushes the metal bars to the extrusion forming channel 211 in front. After undergoing plastic deformation and preliminary fusion in the extrusion forming channel 211, the metal bars enter the specially designed extrusion fusion channel. In this channel, the metals further diffuse and combine with each other under high temperature and high pressure to form a preliminary composite sheet and strip. The preliminary composite sheet and strip then enter the extrusion composite channel 231. Under the geometric constraints and pressure of this channel, it is composite-formed into a metal composite sheet with tight interface bonding and precise dimensions. The extruded metal composite sheet immediately enters the subsequent cooling section.

[0051] In step S600, the material is first subjected to rapid and uniform forced air cooling by a forced air cooling mechanism 410, with the quenching rate set by the user according to the alloy type. Subsequently, controlled spray quenching is performed using a spray quenching mechanism 420. This continuous cooling process aims to refine the grains and regulate the microstructure of the material. After completing the online heat treatment, the final metal composite plate can be obtained.

[0052] This invention achieves the composite, forming, and online heat treatment of multi-layer metal materials in a single continuous extrusion process, which can significantly improve material utilization, reduce energy consumption, simplify the process flow, and flexibly adjust the number of channels and composite material layers according to product requirements to prepare metal composite sheets with two or more layers. Its core advantages are: Strengthening metallurgical bonding: Under high temperature and high pressure, the multilayer materials complete sufficient plastic flow and interdiffusion, achieving a strong interlayer metallurgical bond, which significantly improves the bonding strength and fatigue performance of the composite interface.

[0053] Process integration and energy saving: By integrating composite, forming and heat treatment into a single continuous process, the process avoids multiple heating, transfer and offline processing steps in traditional processes, and significantly reduces energy consumption while directly obtaining high-strength and high-surface-quality sheets.

[0054] Modular design: The number of extrusion channels and mold layers can be flexibly adjusted to meet the production needs of metal composite sheets with two or more layers, and can be quickly expanded according to demand.

[0055] This invention enables the extrusion process of two or more layers of metal composite sheets on the same production line. Utilizing the advantages of high-temperature diffusion bonding and plastic deformation, it significantly improves the interfacial bonding strength, microstructure uniformity, and surface quality of the metal composite sheets, while simplifying the process and reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, the extrusion die assembly 200 adopts a modular design, allowing for flexible adjustment of the number of channels and the configuration of the extrusion cylinder assembly 100, significantly improving production efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing the interfacial bonding strength and performance of the composite sheets. It is suitable for various metal composite applications, including aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys.

[0056] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-channel extrusion device, characterized in that, include: The extrusion cylinder assembly has at least two layers of extrusion channels arranged at intervals along a first direction, and each layer of extrusion channels includes at least two extrusion channels arranged at intervals along a second direction. An extrusion die assembly includes an upper die, a middle die, and a lower die arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction at the discharge end of the extrusion cylinder assembly. The upper die has at least two layers of extrusion forming channels corresponding one-to-one with at least two layers of extrusion channels. Each layer of extrusion forming channels includes at least two extrusion forming channels that communicate one-to-one with the at least two extrusion channels. The middle die has at least two extrusion fusion channels corresponding one-to-one with the at least two layers of extrusion forming channels. Each extrusion fusion channel communicates with all the extrusion forming channels in each layer. The lower die has an extrusion composite channel that communicates with at least two extrusion fusion channels. An extrusion drive assembly includes multiple extrusion rods and an extrusion drive structure, wherein the extrusion drive structure is used to drive the multiple extrusion rods to move in and out of the multiple extrusion channels in a one-to-one correspondence, so as to extrude and push the metal bar into the extrusion forming channel; A heating and heat preservation component is used to heat and preserve the extrusion cylinder assembly and the extrusion die assembly. A quenching and cooling assembly is located at the outlet end of the extrusion composite channel. The quenching and cooling assembly includes a forced air cooling mechanism and a spray quenching mechanism arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction.

2. The multi-channel extrusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extrusion cylinder assembly includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder detachably fitted inside the outer cylinder, with the extrusion channel located in the inner cylinder.

3. The multi-channel extrusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper mold includes an upper mold cylinder and an upper mold core detachably sleeved inside the upper mold cylinder, and the extrusion molding channel is located in the upper mold core; The intermediate mold includes an intermediate mold cylinder and an intermediate mold core detachably fitted inside the intermediate mold cylinder, and the extrusion fusion channel is located in the intermediate mold core; The lower mold includes a lower mold cylinder and a lower mold core detachably sleeved inside the lower mold cylinder, and the extrusion composite channel is located in the lower mold core; The outer cylinder, upper mold cylinder, middle mold cylinder, and lower mold cylinder are sequentially disassembled and connected.

4. The multi-channel extrusion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating and heat preservation assembly includes multiple heating sleeves, which are respectively fitted onto the outer cylinder, the upper mold cylinder, the middle mold cylinder and the lower mold cylinder. Each heating sleeve is provided with a number of heating coils spaced apart along the extrusion direction, and the number of heating coils independently control heating and heat preservation.

5. The multi-channel extrusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the extrusion channel is D, and the center-to-center distance between two adjacent extrusion channels is (1.3-1.5)D.

6. The multi-channel extrusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow cross-section of the extrusion fusion channel is a flat structure extending along the second direction, and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the extrusion fusion channel is gradually reduced along the extrusion direction.

7. The multi-channel extrusion device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The extrusion fusion channel includes a fusion inlet, a fusion chamber, a working belt, and a forming outlet arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction. At least two of the extrusion fusion channels are spaced apart along the first direction. The fusion inlet is connected to all the extrusion forming channels in one layer. At least two of the forming outlets are close to each other along the first direction and connected to the inlet of the extrusion composite channel.

8. The multi-channel extrusion device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the extrusion molding channel gradually increases along the extrusion direction.

9. The multi-channel extrusion device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The extrusion composite channel is a flat structure extending along the second direction.

10. A method for preparing a metal composite sheet, characterized in that, The method for preparing the metal composite sheet using the multi-channel extrusion apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 includes: Select metal rods of different materials according to the required metal composite sheet material; The metal bar is preheated according to the preset preheating temperature control; According to the preset composite method, the preheated metal bars of different materials are placed one by one into the extrusion channels of each layer, wherein the metal bars in each extrusion channel are of the same material. The metal bar is heated and kept warm according to the preset heating and heat preservation temperature; According to the preset extrusion rate, multiple extrusion rods are controlled to extrude and push the metal bar into the extrusion forming channel. After being fused through different extrusion fusion channels, different metal sheets are formed. Then, they are fused through the extrusion composite channel to be fused into a metal composite sheet. Forced air cooling and spray quenching are controlled on the extruded metal composite sheet.

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