Single-sided grinding machine

Abstract

A single-face grinding machine comprises a machine tool body, a station cavity set used for containing a plurality of workpieces is arranged on the machine tool body, a door-shaped frame is fixed to the upper portion of the machine tool body, the cylinder body end of an air cylinder is fixed to a cross beam for fixing the door-shaped frame, the piston end of the air cylinder is rotationally connected with a pressing beam, a plurality of pressing supporting beams are fixed to the pressing beam in the radial direction, and a pressing tool is rotationally arranged on one pressing supporting beam. The pressing tool is located over the station cavity set. Compared with the prior art, the device has the technical effects that the unique hold-down device is arranged, a complex and uniform grinding track is formed, and in the machining process of workpieces in the same batch, the concave depth, the surface quality and the geometric tolerance of all the workpieces need to be kept highly consistent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grinding and processing technology, and specifically relates to a single-sided grinding machine. Background Technology

[0002] A lower cylinder head manufactured using powder metallurgy (e.g., models LC419, LC420, LC421, outer diameter Φ69mm), after grinding, requires, in addition to ensuring surface roughness and flatness, the core requirements are: Special morphology requirements: The workpiece plane needs to be machined to have a uniform and precise micro-concave morphology in the central area, with a target concave depth of 0.002mm (2μm).

[0003] High consistency requirement: In the same batch (e.g., 25 pieces), the concave depth, surface quality and geometric tolerance of all workpieces must be highly consistent. This requirement is significantly different from traditional single-sided grinding, which only pursues the goals of flatness and roughness. It poses a greater challenge to the equipment's pressure control accuracy, system dynamic stability, and batch consistency assurance capabilities.

[0004] Technical problem: How to design a high-precision single-sided grinding machine that meets the above requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is: how to design a high-precision single-sided grinding machine to meet the processing requirements of batch cylinder head manufacturing.

[0006] The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A single-sided grinding machine includes a machine bed with a set of workstation chambers for placing multiple workpieces. A fixed gantry frame is fixed above the machine bed. The cylinder end of a cylinder is fixed on the crossbeam of the fixed gantry frame. The piston end of the cylinder is rotatably connected to a pressure beam. Multiple pressure support beams are fixed radially on the pressure beam. A pressure fixture is rotatably mounted on one of the pressure support beams. The pressure fixture is located directly above the set of workstation chambers.

[0007] The press includes a mounting shaft, which is fixedly connected to the pressure support beam. The lower end of the mounting shaft is connected to the mounting chamber. The mounting chamber includes an upper chamber wall and a lower chamber wall, which are fixedly connected. The upper chamber wall is fixed to the lower end of the mounting shaft. An mounting cavity is provided between the upper chamber wall and the lower chamber wall. The mounting cavity extends to the lower part of the lower chamber wall through a channel. A positioning plate is provided in the mounting cavity. The positioning plate contacts the lower surface of the upper chamber wall. A compression spring is provided between the positioning plate and the lower chamber wall. The positioning plate is fixed to a connecting shaft. The connecting shaft extends from the channel to the outside and is clearance-fitted with the channel. The lower end of the connecting shaft is connected to a grinding plate.

[0008] The positioning plate is fixed to the connecting shaft by the first bolt.

[0009] The width of the annular gap between the connecting shaft and the channel is 1 mm.

[0010] The contact area between the positioning plate and the lower surface of the upper chamber wall is large enough to keep the connecting shaft from tilting.

[0011] The compression spring is a disc spring.

[0012] The compression spring is a butterfly spring. A double-row self-aligning roller bearing is provided between the lower end of the connecting shaft and the grinding frame. The double-row self-aligning roller bearing is used to adjust the axial clearance. The grinding plate is fixed to the lower end of the grinding frame by a second bolt. A silicone pad is fixed to the lower surface of the grinding plate.

[0013] The compression spring is a disc spring. The upper plate is located above the outer ring of the double-row self-aligning roller bearing. The upper plate is fixed to the grinding frame by the third bolt. The lower plate is located below the inner ring of the double-row self-aligning roller bearing. The lower plate is fixed to the lower end of the connecting shaft by the fourth bolt.

[0014] The work station chamber assembly includes an external gear ring, inside which are multiple planetary gear workpiece plates. The external gear ring meshes with the planetary gear workpiece plates. The rotating shafts of the multiple planetary gear workpiece plates are distributed on a spatial circle centered on the outer gear ring. The lower end of the rotating shaft is fixed on a turntable. Each planetary gear workpiece plate has multiple work station cavities, which are distributed in a ring around the rotating shaft. Each work station cavity can only hold one workpiece.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the technical effect of the present invention is that the present invention has a unique press, forming a complex and uniform grinding trajectory. In the same batch (e.g., 25 pieces) of processing, the concave depth, surface quality and geometric tolerance of all workpieces must be kept highly consistent. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front view of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the press. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] like Figure 1-2A single-sided grinding machine includes a machine bed 10, a work station chamber assembly 40 for placing multiple workpieces (such as cylinder heads), a fixed gantry frame 11 above the machine bed 10, a cylinder body end 20 of a cylinder fixed on the crossbeam of the fixed gantry frame 11, a pressure beam 22 rotatably connected to the piston end 21 of the cylinder, multiple pressure support beams 23 fixed radially to the pressure beam 22, and a pressure fixture 30 rotatably mounted on one pressure support beam 23, the pressure fixture 30 being located directly above the work station chamber assembly 40.

[0021] like Figure 3 The pressure fixture 30 includes a mounting shaft 3001, which is fixedly connected to the pressure support beam 23. The lower end of the mounting shaft 3001 is connected to the mounting chamber. The mounting chamber includes an upper chamber wall 3002 and a lower chamber wall 3003, which are fixedly connected. The upper chamber wall 3002 is fixed to the lower end of the mounting shaft 3001. An mounting cavity 3005 is provided between the upper chamber wall 3002 and the lower chamber wall 3003. The mounting cavity 3005 extends to the lower chamber wall 3003 through a channel 3009. Below, a positioning plate 3004 is provided in the mounting cavity 3005. The positioning plate 3004 contacts the lower surface of the upper chamber wall 3002. A compression spring 3006 is provided between the positioning plate 3004 and the lower chamber wall 3003. The positioning plate 3004 is fixed on the connecting shaft 3008. The connecting shaft 3008 extends from the channel 3009 to the outside and is clearance-fitted with the channel 3009. The lower end of the connecting shaft 3008 is connected to the grinding plate 3014.

[0022] like Figure 3 The positioning plate 3004 is fixed to the connecting shaft 3008 by the first bolt 3007.

[0023] like Figure 3 The width of the annular gap between the connecting shaft 3008 and the channel 3009 is 1 mm. This annular gap is used for radial sliding compensation between the connecting shaft 3008 and the lower chamber wall 3003.

[0024] like Figure 3 The contact area between the positioning plate 3004 and the lower surface of the upper chamber wall 3002 is large enough to keep the connecting shaft 3008 from tilting (not in a vertical state).

[0025] like Figure 3 In order to withstand pressure, the compression spring 3006 is a butterfly spring, which can keep the positioning plate 3004 in close contact with the lower surface of the upper chamber wall 3002. It is used to prevent the connecting shaft from moving or the connecting shaft 3008 from tilting.

[0026] like Figure 3To facilitate rotation, a double-row self-aligning roller bearing 3010 is provided between the lower end of the connecting shaft 3008 and the grinding frame 3011. The double-row self-aligning roller bearing 3010 is used to adjust the axial clearance. The lower end of the grinding frame 3011 is fixed to the grinding plate 3014 by the second bolt 3016. The lower surface of the grinding plate 3014 is fixed with a silicone pad 3015.

[0027] like Figure 3 To maintain the stability of the double-row self-aligning roller bearing 3010, an upper plate 3012 is located above the outer ring of the double-row self-aligning roller bearing 3010. The upper plate 3012 is fixed to the grinding frame 3011 by a third bolt 3013. A lower plate 3018 is located below the inner ring of the double-row self-aligning roller bearing 3010. The lower plate 3018 is fixed to the lower end of the connecting shaft 3008 by a fourth bolt 3017.

[0028] like Figure 2 The working chamber assembly 40 includes an external gear ring 41, which contains multiple planetary gear workpiece plates 42. The external gear ring 41 meshes with the planetary gear workpiece plates 42. The rotating shafts 43 of the multiple planetary gear workpiece plates 42 are distributed on a spatial circle centered on the outer gear ring 41. The lower end of the rotating shaft 43 is fixed on a turntable (not shown in the figure). Each planetary gear workpiece plate 42 has multiple working cavities 44, which are distributed in a ring around the rotating shaft 43. Each working cavity 44 contains a workpiece (lower cylinder head).

[0029] Its working principle is as follows: S1. Preparation: As follows Figure 1 When the piston end 21 of the cylinder retracts, it drives the pressure beam 22, pressure support beam 23, and pressure fixture 30 to rise. The pressure fixture 30 moves away from the work station cavity 44 by a certain distance, which facilitates the placement of the workpiece 90. When the workpiece 90 is placed in the work station cavity 44, the piston end 21 of the cylinder extends, driving the pressure beam 22, pressure support beam 23, and pressure fixture 30 to descend. The pressure fixture 30 presses on the workpiece 90.

[0030] S2, Grinding: The turntable of the driving station chamber group 40, the planetary gear workpiece plate 42 both revolves and rotates, and the motion trajectory of the station chamber 44 and the workpiece 90 is a cycloid.

[0031] The workpiece 90 and the silicone pad 3015 of the grinding plate 3014 continuously move relative to each other, gradually completing the grinding process.

[0032] Relying on the friction of the workpiece, the pressure beam 22 can be rotated, and the mounting shaft 3001 adaptively rotates along the rotating pressure support beam 23, while keeping the angular velocity of the pressure beam 22 consistent with the revolution speed of the work station chamber group 40.

[0033] Features of this application: S1. Planetary Composite Motion: The workpiece is placed in a planetary gear and rotates on its own axis (adjustable from 10 to 20 rpm) while revolving around the planet. The trajectory of the workpiece 90 is cycloidal. Because the normal pressure between the workpiece 90 and the rubber pad 3015 is large, the friction between them is also large. This causes the press 30 to also rotate on its own axis while revolving around the planet (the press 30 rotates about the axis of the pressure beam 22). Its trajectory is also cycloidal. Moreover, the rotational speed of the press 30 is less than that of the workpiece, and the trajectories of the two cycloids are also different. When the two (workpiece 90 and press 30) intersect, grinding occurs. In this way, a complex and uniform grinding trajectory is formed. In the same batch (e.g., 25 pieces), the concave depth, surface quality and geometric tolerance of all workpieces must be highly consistent.

[0034] S2. Excellent geometric accuracy guarantee: The dual design of "spinal shaft radial floating" and "pressure head radial floating" eliminates error interference from multiple links, ensuring that the workpiece perpendicularity and other geometric tolerances are consistently up to standard.

[0035] S3. Radial floating design of the pressure head: The annular gap between the connecting shaft 3008 and the channel 3009 can eliminate the lateral force caused by the workpiece installation eccentricity or the planetary gear running deviation, ensuring that the pressure always acts vertically on the center of the workpiece and guaranteeing the verticality.

[0036] In addition, the contact area between the positioning plate 3004 and the lower surface of the upper chamber wall 3002 is large enough that the connecting shaft 3008 will not tilt during radial movement due to the strong compression of the compression spring 3006 (butterfly spring).

[0037] S4. Workpiece height difference adaptive compensation measures: Elastic preload pad: The silicone pad 3015 is a custom polyurethane elastic pad (thickness 5mm±0.1mm, Shore hardness 50A±5). This pad can adaptively compensate for the workpiece height difference of ±0.1mm during the preload stage, so that all workpieces have stable initial contact before grinding begins, ensuring consistent grinding amount.

[0038] S5. Bed: Manufactured in one piece using high-quality casting technology and subjected to thorough aging treatment. It possesses high rigidity and high damping characteristics, effectively suppressing vibration and deformation during the grinding process, providing a stable foundation for machining accuracy.

[0039] S6. Grinding Spindle System: Employs a high-precision spindle unit with spindle end face runout ≤ 0.01mm and radial runout ≤ 0.01mm, ensuring smooth operation of the grinding disc. Standard configuration includes a ceramic-bonded CBN superhard material grinding disc.

[0040] S7 PLC Control System: As the core of equipment control, it integrates a touchscreen human-machine interface. It features pre-set standardized grinding process programs and supports flexible setting and storage of process parameters such as pressure, speed, and time. It coordinates the actions of the spindle, planetary gears, and pressure cylinders to achieve fully automatic cycles. It also has equipment status monitoring, fault diagnosis, and alarm functions.

[0041] S8, Planetary Gear Unit: Used to support and position the workpiece. Driven by an independent servo motor, it achieves precise speed and direction control, ensuring smooth and synchronous workpiece revolution and rotation.

[0042] S9. Pressure source: The cylinder pressure is controlled by a high-precision proportional pressure valve, which makes the pressure control more stable and the resolution higher. The pressure range is adjustable from 0.05 to 0.6 MPa.

[0043] S10, Pressure Distribution Mechanism: It adopts a "single-cylinder drive + multi-link pressure equalization" structure to drive a rigid pressure beam. Five independent pressure units are evenly distributed and installed under the pressure beam to ensure that the pressure at each station is independent and uniform.

[0044] S11, Excellent batch consistency: The "elastic pad height compensation" and "independent pressure unit" design effectively absorbs blank differences, ensuring that the grinding amount of the entire batch of workpieces is equal and the size and shape are highly consistent.

[0045] For other details, please refer to the existing technology.

[0046] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-sided grinding machine, comprising a machine bed (10), a work station chamber assembly (40) for placing multiple workpieces on the machine bed (10), and a fixed gantry frame (11) above the machine bed (10), characterized in that: The cylinder body end (20) of the cylinder is fixed on the crossbeam of the fixed gantry frame (11). The piston end (21) of the cylinder is rotatably connected to the pressure beam (22). Multiple pressure support beams (23) are fixed in the radial direction of the pressure beam (22). A pressure fixture (30) is rotatably provided on one pressure support beam (23). The pressure fixture (30) is located directly above the work station chamber group (40).

2. The single-sided grinding machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The press (30) includes a mounting shaft (3001), which is fixedly connected to the pressure support beam (23). The lower end of the mounting shaft (3001) is connected to the mounting chamber. The mounting chamber includes an upper chamber wall (3002) and a lower chamber wall (3003) that are fixedly connected. The upper chamber wall (3002) is fixed to the lower end of the mounting shaft (3001). An mounting cavity (3005) is provided between the upper chamber wall (3002) and the lower chamber wall (3003). The mounting cavity (3005) extends to the lower chamber wall (3003) through a channel (3009). Below, a positioning plate (3004) is provided in the mounting cavity (3005). The positioning plate (3004) contacts the lower surface of the upper chamber wall (3002). A compression spring (3006) is provided between the positioning plate (3004) and the lower chamber wall (3003). The positioning plate (3004) is fixed on the connecting shaft (3008). The connecting shaft (3008) extends from the channel (3009) to the outside and the connecting shaft (3008) is clearance-fitted with the channel (3009). The lower end of the connecting shaft (3008) is connected to the grinding plate (3014).

3. The single-sided grinding machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning plate (3004) is fixed to the connecting shaft (3008) by the first bolt (3007).

4. The single-sided grinding machine as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The width of the annular gap between the connecting shaft (3008) and the channel (3009) is 1 mm.

5. The single-sided grinding machine as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The contact area between the positioning plate (3004) and the lower surface of the upper chamber wall (3002) is large enough to keep the connecting shaft (3008) from tilting.

6. The single-sided grinding machine as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The compression spring (3006) is a disc spring.

7. The single-sided grinding machine as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The compression spring (3006) is a double-row self-aligning roller bearing (3010) between the lower end of the butterfly spring connecting shaft (3008) and the grinding frame (3011). The double-row self-aligning roller bearing (3010) is used to adjust the axial clearance. The lower end of the grinding frame (3011) is fixed to the grinding plate (3014) by the second bolt (3016). The lower surface of the grinding plate (3014) is fixed with a silicone pad (3015).

8. The single-sided grinding machine as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The compression spring (3006) is a butterfly spring. Above the outer ring of the double-row self-aligning roller bearing (3010) is the upper plate (3012), which is fixed to the grinding frame (3011) by the third bolt (3013). Below the inner ring of the double-row self-aligning roller bearing (3010) is the lower plate (3018), which is fixed to the lower end of the connecting shaft (3008) by the fourth bolt (3017).

9. The single-sided grinding machine as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The work station chamber assembly (40) includes an external gear ring (41), and multiple planetary gear workpiece plates (42) are provided inside the external gear ring (41). The external gear ring (41) meshes with the planetary gear workpiece plates (42). The rotating shafts (43) of the multiple planetary gear workpiece plates (42) are distributed on a spatial circle centered on the outer gear ring (41). The lower end of the rotating shaft (43) is fixed on a turntable. Each planetary gear workpiece plate (42) is provided with multiple work station cavities (44). The multiple work station cavities (44) are distributed in a ring shape with the rotating shaft (43) as the center. Each work station cavity (44) can only hold one workpiece.

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