Ring-shaped thin-walled part external circle clamping and end face pressing tool with self-adaptive centering

Abstract

The application provides a self-adaptive centering ring thin-wall piece outer circle clamping end face tooling, and belongs to the technical field of clamps. The tooling comprises a fixed base, an elastic diaphragm, a backrest, a top rod, a floating block, a floating disc and three corner pull rods. The fixed base is provided with a flange plate with an equal-height column at the bottom. The elastic diaphragm is installed on the fixed base and is provided with a clamping jaw. The elastic diaphragm is provided with a through hole for the equal-height column to pass through. The backrest is arranged on the upper end of the equal-height column. The top rod is arranged at the center of the elastic diaphragm and extends into the guide groove of the floating block. The floating disc is sleeved on the floating block and is connected with the floating block through an arc surface contact structure. The three corner pull rods are connected with the floating disc through a self-aligning bearing and are slidingly installed in the guide seat of the fixed base. The outer end of the three corner pull rods is fixed with a pressing plate. The arc surface contact structure cooperates with the self-aligning bearing, so that the three pressing plates can automatically align and uniformly press the end face of the workpiece. Local stress concentration and workpiece deformation caused by rigid pressing are avoided. The tooling has a compact structure and is suitable for high-precision clamping of ring thin-wall pieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fixture technology and relates to a self-centering annular thin-walled part clamping the outer circle end face tooling. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, especially in the internal grinding of thin-walled annular parts, the workpiece clamping method directly affects the machining accuracy and efficiency. Due to the poor rigidity of thin-walled parts, clamping deformation is easily generated during the clamping process, resulting in out-of-tolerance roundness of the inner hole. Currently, for the internal grinding of such parts, there are two main structural forms of common clamping fixtures.

[0003] One type is a pure external cylindrical clamping fixture, which utilizes the elastic restoring action of an elastic diaphragm or spring collet to generate radial clamping force, holding the outer diameter of the workpiece for positioning and clamping. While this structure is simple, it has significant drawbacks in practical applications: Since the outer cylindrical blank surface of thin-walled parts often has roundness errors or unevenness, when the elastic diaphragm clamps the workpiece, the clamping force forces the outer diameter of the workpiece to undergo elastic deformation, which is then transmitted to the inner hole. This makes it difficult to guarantee the roundness of the inner hole after grinding, severely affecting machining quality. Furthermore, the friction provided by external cylindrical clamping alone is often insufficient to withstand large grinding torques, limiting the improvement of grinding parameters.

[0004] Another type is the manual end-face clamping fixture, which uses manual operation of the clamping plates to clamp the end face of the workpiece for fixation. Although this method can avoid workpiece deformation caused by external clamping, it has the following problems: On the one hand, it requires manual operation, resulting in low clamping efficiency, high labor intensity, and difficulty in achieving automated production; on the other hand, for workpieces with flatness errors or slight warping on the blank end face, when using rigid clamping plates, the clamping force of the three clamping plates is difficult to act evenly at the same time, which can easily lead to workpiece tilting, radial movement, or even local stress concentration that damages thin-walled parts, and will also affect the roundness and surface quality of the inner hole grinding. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies by proposing an adaptive centering fixture for clamping the outer diameter of a thin-walled annular part. This solves the technical problem in existing clamping fixtures where uneven workpiece end faces lead to uneven clamping force distribution, easily causing workpiece deformation or displacement.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] An adaptive centering annular thin-walled component clamping outer circle pressure end face tooling includes: a fixed base with a flange fixed at its bottom, and at least three columns of equal height provided on the flange;

[0008] An elastic diaphragm is mounted on the fixed base and has grippers on it. The elastic end face has a through hole for the equal-height column to pass through.

[0009] The support is located at the upper end of the contour column;

[0010] A push rod is positioned at the center of the elastic diaphragm;

[0011] A floating block is set inside a fixed base, and one end of the top rod extends into a guide groove opened at one end of the floating block;

[0012] A floating disk is fitted onto the floating block and connected to the floating block through an arc-shaped contact structure. The floating disk can swing relative to the floating block.

[0013] Three corner tie rods are connected to the floating disk through self-aligning bearings. Three guide seats are fixed on the fixed base. One end of each guide seat passes through an elastic diaphragm. The corner tie rods are slidably installed in the through holes of the corresponding guide seats. A pressure plate is fixed to one end of each corner tie rod extending to the outside of the guide seat.

[0014] By setting up an arc-shaped contact structure between the floating block and the floating disk, and a self-aligning bearing connection between the corner tie rod and the floating disk, an adaptive floating mechanism is formed. When the workpiece end face has flatness error or slight warping, the three pressure plates can adaptively adjust the clamping angle and position under the action of the floating mechanism to achieve adaptive fit. This ensures that the three pressure plates uniformly clamp the workpiece end face, avoiding local stress concentration, workpiece tilting or radial movement caused by rigid clamping. This effectively protects thin-walled parts from damage and ensures the roundness accuracy of the inner hole grinding.

[0015] Furthermore, the center of the push rod is provided with a first threaded hole, and an adjusting screw is installed in the first threaded hole. One end of the adjusting screw abuts against the bottom wall of the guide groove. The adjusting screw is used to push the push rod to move axially. The center of the push rod is provided with a second threaded hole that connects to the first threaded hole. A dustproof screw is installed in the second threaded hole, and a dustproof cover located outside the elastic diaphragm is fixed to one end of the dustproof screw.

[0016] By precisely controlling the deformation of the elastic diaphragm through adjusting the screws, the opening of the grippers can be finely adjusted, facilitating the optimization of clamping parameters based on the actual size of the workpiece and the condition of the blank.

[0017] Furthermore, one end of the floating block is provided with a first arc surface, and the inner hole of the floating disk is provided with a second arc surface that mates with the first arc surface. The floating block is provided with a plurality of plug screws, and the floating block is provided with an adjustment hole through which one end of the plug screw passes. The end of the plug screw passing through the adjustment hole is threadedly connected to the floating disk. A radial gap is left between the inner wall of the adjustment hole and the outer wall of the plug screw. Three bearing seats are circumferentially fixedly installed on the floating disk, and the self-aligning bearing is fixed in the corresponding bearing seat.

[0018] The arc-shaped contact structure, combined with the plug screw connection, enables the reliable transmission of the multi-directional swing freedom of the floating disc relative to the floating block and the axial tension. The radial clearance between the inner wall of the adjustment hole and the outer wall of the plug screw provides the necessary movement space for the swing of the floating disc, ensuring the flexibility of the floating mechanism. The circumferentially distributed design of the three bearing seats ensures that the force on the three corner tie rods is uniform and the movement is synchronized.

[0019] Furthermore, a guide mechanism is provided between the corner tie rod and the guide seat, the guide mechanism being used to convert the axial movement of the corner tie rod into a composite motion of axial movement and rotation.

[0020] The guiding mechanism includes a fixed ring and a guide member mounted on the fixed ring. The fixed ring is sleeved and fixed on the guide seat. The fixed ring has a plurality of first mounting holes. The guide seat has a plurality of second mounting holes. The first mounting holes are connected to the corresponding second mounting holes. The guide member is composed of a first ball positioning screw and a set screw. The first ball positioning screw is embedded in the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole. The set screw is embedded in the first mounting hole and one end of the set screw abuts against the tail of the first ball positioning screw.

[0021] The corner pull rod has at least one spiral groove along its circumference. One end of the steel ball of the first steel ball positioning screw is embedded in the spiral groove, so that the corner pull rod rotates simultaneously when it moves axially. The corner pull rod also has at least one straight groove along its circumference, which can be inserted into the corresponding end of the first steel ball positioning screw. The straight groove is connected to the spiral groove. One end of the steel ball of the first steel ball positioning screw presses against the inner wall of the corresponding spiral groove or straight groove.

[0022] Furthermore, the spiral grooves are three in number, and the three spiral grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the corner tie rod, and there are three guide members.

[0023] Furthermore, the gripper includes a gripper base and a gripping block. The gripper base is fixed to the elastic diaphragm by screws, the gripping block is slidably mounted on the gripper base, and a return spring is fixed between the gripping block and the gripper base.

[0024] A rotating ring is fitted onto the outer wall of the support, and an annular block is fixed to the inner wall of the rotating ring. An annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the support for the annular block to be embedded. A driving structure is provided between the rotating ring and the clamping block. The rotating ring and the corner tie rod are connected by a transmission structure.

[0025] When the corner tie rod moves axially and rotates, it drives the rotating ring to rotate, which in turn drives the clamping block to move radially through the driving structure.

[0026] By setting up a rotating ring, drive structure, and transmission structure, the rotational motion of the corner pull rod is transmitted to the rotating ring, which in turn drives the clamping blocks to move radially, thus realizing the active adjustment of the clamping jaw opening. When it is necessary to clamp ring workpieces of different diameters, the rotational motion of the corner pull rod can drive the rotating ring to rotate, which can simultaneously drive the three clamping blocks to move radially and adjust the clamping diameter. There is no need to change the clamping jaws or make complex manual adjustments, which greatly improves the versatility of the tooling and the changeover efficiency.

[0027] When there is local unevenness on the circumferential surface of the workpiece, the clamping block always maintains elastic contact with the outer wall of the workpiece under the action of the return spring, and achieves adaptive fitting with the cooperation of the drive structure, ensuring that the clamping surface of the jaws contacts the workpiece circumferential wall as much as possible, which improves the stability and reliability of radial limit. Even if there is a certain ellipticity or local protrusion on the outer circle of the workpiece, the clamping block can compensate through radial floating, avoiding workpiece deformation or unstable positioning caused by hard contact.

[0028] Furthermore, the driving structure includes a push block disposed on the rotating ring and a second steel ball positioning screw disposed on the clamping block, wherein the push block has inclined surfaces at both ends;

[0029] One end of the clamping block is fixed with a limit block, the gripper seat has a limit groove for the limit block to be embedded, one end of the clamping block is fixed with a guide rod, the gripper seat has a guide hole for the guide rod to pass through, the spring is sleeved on the corresponding guide rod, and one end of the guide rod passing through the guide hole is fixed with a stop block.

[0030] The pusher blocks are three in number and are spaced apart along the circumference of the rotating ring.

[0031] The push block has inclined surfaces at both ends, which cooperate with the second steel ball positioning screw to achieve a smooth transition from rotational motion to radial linear motion; the cooperation between the limit block and the limit groove restricts the radial movement range of the clamping block and prevents excessive displacement; the sliding cooperation between the guide rod and the guide hole provides precise motion guidance; the spring is sleeved on the guide rod and limited by the stop block to ensure reliable reset of the clamping block. The structure is simple and the operation is reliable.

[0032] Furthermore, the transmission structure includes a linkage ring rotatably mounted on a guide seat and three sets of first gear teeth equally spaced on the outer peripheral wall of the rotating ring. The inner wall of the linkage ring has several linkage rods. The outer wall of the corner pull rod has a linkage groove for one end of the corresponding linkage rod to be inserted. The guide seat has a clearance hole for the corresponding linkage rod to pass through. One end of the linkage rod passes through the clearance hole and extends into the corresponding linkage groove. The outer wall of the linkage ring is provided with a second gear tooth set that meshes with the corresponding first gear tooth set.

[0033] Furthermore, an anti-rotation plate is fixed to the top of the floating block, and the anti-rotation plate has an anti-rotation hole through which the lower end of the push rod passes. The anti-rotation plate and the anti-rotation hole cooperate to limit the rotation of the push rod.

[0034] The fit between the anti-rotation plate and the anti-rotation hole effectively restricts the circumferential rotation of the push rod, preventing the push rod from rotating and deviating during operation.

[0035] The main technical effects of this invention are reflected in the following aspects:

[0036] 1. This invention constructs an adaptive floating mechanism by setting up an arc-shaped contact structure between the floating block and the floating disk, and a self-aligning bearing connection between the corner tie rod and the floating disk. When the workpiece end face has flatness errors or slight warping, the three pressure plates can independently adjust their clamping angle and position under the action of the floating mechanism to achieve automatic leveling. This ensures that the three pressure plates uniformly clamp the workpiece end face, avoiding local stress concentration, workpiece tilting, or radial movement caused by rigid clamping. This effectively protects thin-walled parts from damage and ensures the roundness accuracy of the inner hole grinding.

[0037] 2. This invention, through the guide groove cooperation between the push rod and the floating block, the arc-shaped connection between the floating block and the floating disk, and the guiding mechanism between the corner pull rod and the guide seat, enables the automatic realization of the "radial centering first, rear face pressing" action sequence when the same drive source (such as a machine tool cylinder) pulls the floating block. Specifically, at the moment the drive source pulls, the push rod and the floating block disengage, and the elastic diaphragm returns to its original position due to its own metal elasticity, causing the gripper to first clamp the outer circle of the workpiece to achieve radial centering; subsequently, the floating block continues to pull down, driving the corner pull rod to press down through the floating disk, causing the pressure plate to press the end face of the workpiece. This timing design ensures that the end face pressing force is applied only after the workpiece is radially positioned and stable, avoiding workpiece displacement during the clamping process and improving positioning accuracy.

[0038] This invention requires only a single drive source to simultaneously achieve radial centering and end face clamping, simplifying the fixture structure, reducing axial space occupation, lowering manufacturing costs and maintenance difficulty, and facilitating retrofitting and application on existing internal grinding machines.

[0039] 3. This invention, by setting up a rotating ring, a driving structure, and a transmission structure, transmits the rotational motion of the corner pull rod to the rotating ring, thereby driving the clamping blocks to move radially. This achieves active adjustment of the clamping jaw opening. When it is necessary to clamp ring workpieces of different diameters, the rotational motion of the corner pull rod can drive the rotating ring to rotate, which can synchronously drive the three clamping blocks to move radially and adjust the clamping diameter. There is no need to change the clamping jaws or make complex manual adjustments, which greatly improves the versatility of the tooling and the efficiency of production changeover.

[0040] 4. When there are local unevennesses on the circumferential surface of the workpiece, the clamping block maintains elastic contact with the outer wall of the workpiece under the action of the return spring, and achieves adaptive fitting with the cooperation of the drive structure. This ensures that the clamping surface of the jaws contacts the workpiece circumferential wall as much as possible, improving the stability and reliability of radial limiting. Even if the outer circle of the workpiece has a certain degree of ellipticity or local protrusions, the clamping block can compensate through radial floating, avoiding workpiece deformation or unstable positioning caused by hard contact. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when opened according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the clamping mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention when opened according to an embodiment;

[0045] Figure 5 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0046] Figure 6 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0047] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the assembly of the guide seat, fixing ring, and linkage ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 This is an assembly diagram of the floating disk, floating block, corner tie rod, and guide seat according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the floating disk and floating block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the corner tie rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 11 This is an assembly cross-sectional view of the corner tie rod and guide seat according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the top rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the gripper structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 14This is a partial exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Fixed base; 11. Flange; 12. Elevation column; 13. Backing; 131. Annular groove; 14. Elastic diaphragm; 15. Guide seat; 151. Clearance hole; 152. Second mounting hole;

[0056] 2. Top rod; 21. First threaded hole; 211. Adjusting screw; 22. Second threaded hole; 221. Dustproof screw; 23. Dustproof cover;

[0057] 3. Floating block; 31. First arc surface; 32. Plug screw; 33. Adjustment hole; 34. Anti-rotation plate; 341. Anti-rotation hole; 35. Guide groove;

[0058] 4. Floating disk; 41. Self-aligning bearing; 42. Second arc surface; 43. Bearing housing;

[0059] 5. Corner tie rod; 51. Pressure plate; 52. Spiral groove; 53. Straight groove; 54. Linkage groove;

[0060] 6. Retaining ring; 61. First mounting hole; 62. First ball positioning screw; 63. Set screw;

[0061] 7. Gripper; 71. Gripper seat; 711. Limiting groove; 72. Clamping block; 721. Second steel ball positioning screw; 722. Limiting block; 723. Guide rod; 724. Stop block; 73. Return spring;

[0062] 8. Rotating ring; 81. Annular block; 82. Push block; 821. Inclined surface; 83. First gear set;

[0063] 9. Linkage ring; 91. Linkage rod; 92. Second gear set. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0065] like Figure 1-7 As shown in Figure 14, an adaptive centering annular thin-walled part outer circle pressing end face tooling includes: a fixed base 1, the bottom of which is fixed with a flange 11, and the flange 11 is provided with at least three equal height columns 12.

[0066] An elastic diaphragm 14 is mounted on the fixed base 1 and has a gripper 7 on it. The elastic end face has a through hole for the equal height column 12 to pass through. Due to the structural characteristics of the elastic diaphragm 14, the deformation it can produce is small. Therefore, the angle at which the gripper 7 flips with the elastic diaphragm 14 is limited.

[0067] Backing 13 is set at the upper end of the equal height column 12 and is used to axially position the lower end face of the workpiece;

[0068] The push rod 2 is located at the center of the elastic diaphragm 14;

[0069] The floating block 3 is set inside the fixed base 1, and one end of the top rod 2 extends into the guide groove 35 opened at one end of the floating block 3;

[0070] A floating disk 4 is sleeved on the floating block 3 and connected to the floating block 3 through an arc-shaped contact structure. The floating disk 4 can swing relative to the floating block 3.

[0071] Three corner tie rods 5 are connected to the floating disk 4 via self-aligning bearings 41. Three guide seats 15 are fixed on the fixed base 1. One end of the guide seat 15 passes through an elastic diaphragm 14. The corner tie rods 5 are slidably installed in the through holes corresponding to the guide seats 15. One end of the corner tie rods 5 extending to the outside of the guide seats 15 is fixed with a pressure plate 51.

[0072] The arc-shaped contact structure between the floating block 3 and the floating disk 4, along with the self-aligning bearing 41, together constitute an adaptive floating mechanism, enabling the three pressure plates 51 to adapt to the unevenness of the workpiece end face and uniformly press it. When the drive source pulls the floating block 3, the elastic diaphragm 14 first elastically resets, causing the gripper 7 to radially clamp the outer circle of the workpiece, and then the corner pull rod 5 presses down, causing the pressure plate 51 to axially press the end face of the workpiece.

[0073] like Figure 3-5 As shown in Figure 12, the center of the push rod 2 is provided with a first threaded hole 21, and an adjusting screw 211 is installed in the first threaded hole 21. One end of the adjusting screw 211 abuts against the bottom wall of the guide groove 35. The adjusting screw 211 is used to push the push rod 2 to move axially. The center of the push rod 2 is provided with a second threaded hole 22 communicating with the first threaded hole 21. A dustproof screw 221 is installed in the second threaded hole 22. One end of the dustproof screw 221 is fixed with a dustproof cover 23 located outside the elastic diaphragm 14. The dustproof cover 23 and the elastic diaphragm 14 are separated by a gap in the axial direction, and the push rod 2 and the elastic diaphragm 14 are separated by a gap in the radial direction. This allows adjustment of the deformation of the elastic diaphragm 14, thereby adjusting the opening of the gripper 7.

[0074] like Figure 3 , 8As shown in Figure 9, one end of the floating block 3 is provided with a first arc surface 31, and the inner hole of the floating disk 4 is provided with a second arc surface 42 that mates with the first arc surface 31. The floating block 3 is provided with a plurality of plug screws 32, and the floating block 3 has an adjustment hole 33 through which one end of the plug screw 32 passes. The end of the plug screw 32 passing through the adjustment hole 33 is threadedly connected to the floating disk 4. A radial gap is left between the inner wall of the adjustment hole 33 and the outer wall of the plug screw 32. Three bearing seats 43 are fixedly installed circumferentially on the floating disk 4, and the self-aligning bearing 41 is fixed in the corresponding bearing seat 43. An anti-rotation plate 34 is fixed on the top of the floating block 3. The anti-rotation plate 34 has an anti-rotation hole 341 through which the lower end of the push rod 2 passes. The anti-rotation plate 34 and the anti-rotation hole 341 cooperate to limit the rotation of the push rod 2.

[0075] The floating block 3 and the floating disk 4 achieve multi-directional swinging of the floating disk 4 relative to the floating block 3 through arc-shaped contact. The arc-shaped contact structure, in conjunction with the plug screw 32, enables the reliable transmission of the multi-directional swinging freedom and axial tension of the floating disk 4 relative to the floating block 3. The radial clearance between the inner wall of the adjusting hole 33 and the outer wall of the plug screw 32 provides the necessary movement space for the swinging of the floating disk 4, ensuring the flexibility of the floating mechanism. The circumferentially distributed design of the three bearing seats 43 ensures that the force on the three corner tie rods 5 is uniform and the movement is synchronized.

[0076] like Figure 3 , 7 As shown in Figure -12, a guide mechanism is provided between the corner pull rod 5 and the guide seat 15. The guide mechanism is used to convert the axial movement of the corner pull rod 5 into a composite motion of axial movement and rotation. The guide mechanism includes a fixed ring 6 and a guide member installed on the fixed ring 6. The fixed ring 6 is sleeved and fixed on the guide seat 15. The fixed ring 6 has a plurality of first mounting holes 61. The guide seat 15 has a plurality of second mounting holes 152. The first mounting holes 61 are connected to the corresponding second mounting holes 152. The guide member is composed of a first ball positioning screw 62 and a set screw 63. The first ball positioning screw 62 is embedded in the first mounting hole 61 and the second mounting hole 152. The set screw 63 is embedded in the first mounting hole 61 and one end of the set screw 63 abuts against the tail of the first ball positioning screw 62.

[0077] The corner pull rod 5 has at least one spiral groove 52 along its circumferential direction. One end of the steel ball of the first steel ball positioning screw 62 is embedded in the spiral groove 52, so that the corner pull rod 5 rotates simultaneously when it moves axially. The corner pull rod 5 also has at least one straight groove 53 along its circumferential direction, which can be inserted into one end of the first steel ball positioning screw 62. The straight groove 53 is connected to the corresponding spiral groove 52. One end of the steel ball of the first steel ball positioning screw 62 presses against the inner wall of the corresponding spiral groove 52 or straight groove 53. There are three spiral grooves 52, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the corner pull rod 5. There are three guide members.

[0078] The design of the guide mechanism converts the axial movement of the corner tie rod 5 into a compound motion of rotation combined with linear lifting, so that the pressure plate 51 can rotate to the avoidance position during the rising process, leaving enough space for loading and unloading of workpieces, avoiding interference between the pressure plate 51 and the workpiece, and greatly facilitating the operation of the operator to pick up and put down the workpiece.

[0079] The design of the spiral groove 52 and the straight groove 53 ensures that the pressure plate 51 does not contact the workpiece during rotation and reset. Only after the pressure plate 51 has rotated to its position and the workpiece has been radially centered does the pressure plate 51 begin to press down vertically to clamp the end face. By separating the timing of radial centering and end face clamping, the workpiece is accurately positioned radially first, and then the end face clamping force is applied, avoiding interference with radial positioning accuracy due to the pressure plate 51 contacting the workpiece too early.

[0080] like Figure 4 , 6 As shown in Figure 13, the gripper 7 includes a gripper seat 71 and a gripping block 72. The gripper seat 71 is fixed to the elastic diaphragm 14 by screws. The gripping block 72 is slidably mounted on the gripper seat 71. A return spring 73 is installed between the gripping block 72 and the gripper seat 71.

[0081] A rotating ring 8 is sleeved on the outer wall of the backing 13, and an annular block 81 is fixed on the inner wall of the rotating ring 8. An annular groove 131 for the annular block 81 to be embedded is opened on the outer wall of the backing 13. A driving structure is provided between the rotating ring 8 and the clamping block 72. The rotating ring 8 and the corner pull rod 5 are connected by a transmission structure. When the corner pull rod 5 moves axially and rotates, it drives the rotating ring 8 to rotate, and then drives the clamping block 72 to move radially through the driving structure.

[0082] The driving structure includes a push block 82 disposed on the rotating ring 8 and a second steel ball positioning screw 721 disposed on the clamping block 72. The push block 82 has inclined surfaces 821 at both ends.

[0083] One end of the clamping block 72 is fixed with a limiting block 722. The gripper seat 71 has a limiting groove 711 for the limiting block 722 to be embedded. One end of the clamping block 72 is fixed with a guide rod 723. The gripper seat 71 has a guide hole for the guide rod 723 to pass through. The reset spring 73 is sleeved on the guide rod 723. One end of the guide rod 723 passing through the guide hole is fixed with a stop block 724. There are three push blocks 82 and they are distributed circumferentially along the rotating ring 8.

[0084] When the rotating ring 8 rotates around the support 13, it drives the push block 82 to rotate. With the cooperation of the inclined surface 821 and the second steel ball positioning screw 721, the push block 82 pushes the corresponding clamping block 72 away from the rotating ring 8 through the second steel ball positioning screw 721. The clamping block 72 achieves radial sliding through the guide rod 723 and the guide hole, which provides precise guidance and smooth movement. The return spring 73 is sleeved on the guide rod 723, with one end abutting against the gripper seat 71 and the other end limited by the stop block 724, ensuring reliable reset of the clamping block 72 in the released state, which facilitates workpiece loading and unloading. The cooperation between the limiting block 722 and the limiting groove 711 further limits the movement range of the clamping block 72, preventing excessive displacement from causing structural damage.

[0085] The transmission structure includes a linkage ring 9 rotatably mounted on a guide seat 15 and three sets of first gear teeth 83 equally spaced on the outer peripheral wall of a rotating ring 8. The inner wall of the linkage ring 9 has several linkage rods 91. The outer wall of the corner pull rod 5 has a linkage groove 54 for one end of the corresponding linkage rod 91 to be inserted. The guide seat 15 has a clearance hole 151 for the corresponding linkage rod 91 to pass through. One end of the linkage rod 91 passes through the clearance hole 151 and extends into the corresponding linkage groove 54. The outer wall of the linkage ring 9 is provided with a second gear tooth set 92 that meshes with the corresponding first gear tooth set 83.

[0086] The gear meshing transmission between the linkage ring 9 and the rotating ring 8, and the engagement between the linkage rod 91 and the linkage groove 54 of the angle tie rod 5, precisely transmit the rotational motion of the angle tie rod 5 to the rotating ring 8. The transmission ratio is stable and the response is rapid, ensuring the synchronicity and accuracy of the radial movement of the clamping block 72. The linkage ring 9 is rotatably mounted on the guide seat 15, with a compact structure that does not occupy additional space.

[0087] The specific working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0088] Pickup process:

[0089] The external machine tool hydraulic cylinder passes through the floating disc 4 and is threadedly connected to the floating block 3. The hydraulic cylinder rod pushes the floating block 3 to move upward.

[0090] The floating block 3 moves upward, driving the three corner rods 5 to move upward synchronously via the floating disk 4 and the self-aligning bearing 41. Under the action of the guide mechanism, the steel ball of the first steel ball positioning screw 62 is initially located in the straight groove 53, so the corner rod 5 first rises in a straight line along the straight groove 53. At this time, the corner rod 5 does not rotate. When the steel ball of the first steel ball positioning screw 62 enters the spiral groove 52, the corner rod 5 begins to rise and rotate simultaneously.

[0091] The rotation of the angle lever 5 drives the linkage ring 9 to rotate through the engagement of the linkage rod 91 and the linkage groove 54. The linkage ring 9, through gear meshing, drives the rotating ring 8 to rotate. The push block 82 on the rotating ring 8 rotates accordingly. The inclined surface 821 of the push block 82 pushes the steel ball of the second steel ball positioning screw 721 on the clamping block 72, causing the clamping block 72 to move radially outward. This opens the clamping surface of the gripper 7 to a position larger than the outer diameter of the workpiece, making room for the workpiece to be removed. During this process, the return spring 73 is compressed.

[0092] As the corner pull rod 5 continues to rise to a certain height, the bottom wall of the guide groove 35 of the floating block 3 gradually moves upward until it abuts against the adjusting screw 211 at the lower end of the push rod 2. After that, as the floating block 3 continues to move upward, the adjusting screw 211 pushes the push rod 2 to move upward. When the push rod 2 moves upward, the dust cover 23 at its top pushes the center part of the elastic diaphragm 14 to bulge upward, causing the elastic diaphragm 14 to produce outward elastic deformation, which in turn drives the gripper 7 (including gripper seat 71 and gripping block 72) to rotate around the connection point with the elastic diaphragm 14 at a certain angle. Since the deformation of the elastic diaphragm 14 is limited, the rotation angle of the gripper 7 is small, but it is enough to make the gripper 7 open further, making it easier to remove the workpiece.

[0093] During the flipping process of the gripper 7, since the steel ball of the second steel ball positioning screw 721 maintains point contact with the inclined surface 821 of the push block 82 and the steel ball can rotate freely, the friction force experienced by the gripper 7 during flipping is minimal. At the same time, the return spring 73 is in a compressed state and has sufficient extension and contraction margin. Its influence on the mutual interference between the pushing direction of the gripping block 72 and the flipping movement direction of the gripper 7 is small. Therefore, the gripper 7 can smoothly complete the flipping action without encountering significant resistance.

[0094] The tooling is fully released: the gripper 7 is fully opened through a combination of radial movement and flipping, the pressure plate 51 has been rotated to the clearance position, and the workpiece can be easily removed.

[0095] Assembly process

[0096] Place the annular thin-walled part to be processed into the fixture, so that the lower end face of the workpiece is in contact with the upper end face of the support 13, thus achieving initial axial positioning. Start the machine tool cylinder, and the cylinder rod pulls the floating block 3 downward;

[0097] When the floating block 3 moves downward, it drives the angle tie rod 5 downward through the floating disk 4 and the self-aligning bearing 41. Under the action of the guide mechanism, the steel ball of the first steel ball positioning screw 62 first enters the spiral groove 52. The angle tie rod 5 rotates while descending. The rotational motion of the angle tie rod 5 is transmitted to the rotating ring 8 through the linkage rod 91, linkage ring 9, and gear meshing, causing the rotating ring 8 to rotate in the opposite direction. The push block 82 on the rotating ring 8 rotates accordingly. At this time, the elastic diaphragm 14 begins to reset due to its own metallic elasticity, driving the gripper 7 to gradually flip downward and radially contract, gently gripping the outer circle of the workpiece, and achieving radial centering of the workpiece. During this process, since the steel ball of the second steel ball positioning screw 721 is still in contact with the inclined surface 821 of the push block 82, but the push block 82 has not completely disengaged, the clamping block 72 gradually moves inward under the action of the return spring 73, but still maintains a small gap or slight contact with the outer circle of the workpiece, which does not affect the radial centering of the workpiece.

[0098] As the angle pull rod 5 continues to descend, the steel ball of the first steel ball positioning screw 62 enters the straight groove 53 from the spiral groove 52, the angle pull rod 5 stops rotating, the bottom wall of the guide groove 35 of the floating block 3 disengages from the adjusting screw 211 of the top rod 2, and begins to descend in a straight line. At this time, the rotating ring 8 has completed its entire rotation stroke, the push block 82 completely disengages from the contact with the second steel ball positioning screw 721, and the clamping block 72 finally moves radially into place under the action of the return spring 73, clamping the outer circle of the workpiece with an appropriate clamping force. Since the return force of the elastic diaphragm 14 is small, and the radial movement of the clamping block 72 is mainly driven by the return spring 73, the radial force applied by the jaw 7 to the outer circle of the workpiece is very small, only playing a centering role, and will not cause deformation of the thin-walled part.

[0099] In the final stage of the linear descent of the corner tie rod 5, the pressure plate 51 presses down vertically, clamping the upper end face of the workpiece. Since the pressure plate 51 is connected to the floating disk 4 through the adaptive floating mechanism (arc surface contact structure and self-aligning bearing 41), when there is a flatness error or slight warping on the end face of the workpiece, the three pressure plates 51 can automatically adjust their angles to ensure uniform clamping of the end face of the workpiece. At this point, the workpiece is clamped: radially centered by the jaws 7 and axially clamped by the pressure plate 51.

[0100] The sequence of actions of each component during the entire clamping process can be summarized as follows: the angle pull rod 5 first rotates and descends a certain distance, causing the rotating ring 8 to rotate; the elastic diaphragm 14 resets, causing the gripper 7 to flip and retract radially; the angle pull rod 5 continues to rotate and descend until the rotating ring 8 is fully reset, and the push block 82 completely disengages from the second steel ball positioning screw 721; finally, the angle pull rod 5 descends linearly, and the pressure plate 51 vertically presses against the end face of the workpiece. This timing design ensures that the workpiece is accurately positioned radially first, and then the end face clamping force is applied, avoiding interference with radial positioning accuracy due to the pressure plate 51 contacting the workpiece too early.

[0101] This invention achieves coordinated control of radial centering, end face clamping, rotational avoidance of pressure plate 51, and radial adjustment of gripper 7 through a single drive source. It has a compact structure and is easy to operate, and is especially suitable for high-precision internal grinding of annular thin-walled parts with uneven end faces or varying diameters.

[0102] Of course, the above are just typical examples of this application. In addition, this application may have many other specific implementation methods. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A self-adaptive centering ring-shaped thin-walled part outer circle clamping end face tooling, characterized in that, include: A fixed base (1) is fixed at its bottom with a flange (11), and at least three columns (12) of equal height are provided on the flange (11). An elastic diaphragm (14) is installed on the fixed base (1) and has a clamp (7) on it. The elastic diaphragm (14) has a through hole for the equal height column (12) to pass through. The support (13) is located at the upper end of the equal-height column (12); The push rod (2) is located at the center of the elastic diaphragm (14); A floating block (3) is set inside a fixed base (1), and one end of the top rod (2) extends into a guide groove (35) opened at one end of the floating block (3); A floating disk (4) is fitted onto the floating block (3) and connected to the floating block (3) through an arc-shaped contact structure. The floating disk (4) can swing relative to the floating block (3). Three corner tie rods (5) are connected to the floating disk (4) via self-aligning bearings (41). Three guide seats (15) are fixed on the fixed base (1). One end of the guide seat (15) passes through an elastic diaphragm (14). The corner tie rods (5) are slidably installed in the through holes corresponding to the guide seats (15). One end of the corner tie rods (5) extending to the outside of the guide seats (15) is fixed with a pressure plate (51). A guide mechanism is provided between the corner tie rod (5) and the guide seat (15). The guide mechanism is used to convert the axial movement of the corner tie rod (5) into a composite motion of axial movement and rotation. The outer wall of the backrest (13) is fitted with a rotating ring (8), and a driving structure is provided between the rotating ring (8) and the clamping block (72). The rotating ring (8) and the corner pull rod (5) are connected by a transmission structure. When the corner pull rod (5) moves axially and rotates, it drives the rotating ring (8) to rotate through the transmission structure, and then drives the clamping block (72) to move radially through the driving structure.

2. The adaptive centering annular thin-walled part outer circle pressing end face tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top rod (2) has a first threaded hole (21) at its center. An adjusting screw (211) is installed in the first threaded hole (21). One end of the adjusting screw (211) abuts against the bottom wall of the guide groove (35). The adjusting screw (211) is used to push the top rod (2) to move axially. The top rod (2) has a second threaded hole (22) at its center that connects to the first threaded hole (21). A dustproof screw (221) is installed in the second threaded hole (22). One end of the dustproof screw (221) is fixed with a dustproof cover (23) located outside the elastic diaphragm (14).

3. The adaptive centering annular thin-walled part outer circle pressing end face tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the floating block (3) is provided with a first arc surface (31), and the inner hole of the floating disk (4) is provided with a second arc surface (42) that cooperates with the first arc surface (31). The floating block (3) is provided with a plurality of plug screws (32). The floating block (3) is provided with an adjustment hole (33) through which one end of the plug screw (32) passes. One end of the plug screw (32) passes through the adjustment hole (33) and is threadedly connected to the floating disk (4). A radial gap is left between the inner wall of the adjustment hole (33) and the outer wall of the plug screw (32). The floating disk (4) is circumferentially fixedly installed with three bearing seats (43), and the self-aligning bearing (41) is fixed in the corresponding bearing seat (43).

4. The adaptive centering annular thin-walled part outer circle pressing end face tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding mechanism includes a fixed ring (6) and a guide member installed on the fixed ring (6). The fixed ring (6) is sleeved and fixed on the guide seat (15). The fixed ring (6) has a plurality of first mounting holes (61). The guide seat (15) has a plurality of second mounting holes (152). The first mounting holes (61) are connected to the corresponding second mounting holes (152). The guide member is composed of a first ball positioning screw (62) and a set screw (63). The first ball positioning screw (62) is embedded in the first mounting hole (61) and the second mounting hole (152). The set screw (63) is embedded in the first mounting hole (61) and one end of it abuts against the tail of the first ball positioning screw (62). The corner pull rod (5) has at least one spiral groove (52) along its circumferential direction. One end of the steel ball of the first steel ball positioning screw (62) is embedded in the spiral groove (52), so that the corner pull rod (5) generates a rotational motion when it moves axially. The corner pull rod (5) has at least one straight groove (53) along its circumferential direction, which can be embedded in one end of the first steel ball positioning screw (62). The straight groove (53) is connected to the corresponding spiral groove (52). One end of the steel ball of the first steel ball positioning screw (62) presses against the inner wall of the corresponding spiral groove (52) or straight groove (53).

5. The adaptive centering annular thin-walled part outer circle pressing end face tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gripper (7) includes a gripper seat (71) and a gripping block (72). The gripper seat (71) is fixed to the elastic diaphragm (14) by screws. The gripping block (72) is slidably mounted on the gripper seat (71). A return spring (73) is provided between the gripping block (72) and the gripper seat (71). The inner wall of the rotating ring (8) is fixed with an annular block (81), and the outer wall of the backing (13) is provided with an annular groove (131) for the annular block (81) to be embedded. The driving structure includes a push block (82) disposed on the rotating ring (8) and a second steel ball positioning screw (721) disposed on the clamping block (72). The push block (82) has inclined surfaces (821) at both ends. One end of the clamping block (72) is fixed with a limiting block (722), the gripper seat (71) has a limiting groove (711) for the limiting block (722) to be embedded, one end of the clamping block (72) is fixed with a guide rod (723), the gripper seat (71) has a guide hole for the guide rod (723) to pass through, the reset spring (73) is sleeved on the guide rod (723), and one end of the guide rod (723) passing through the guide hole is fixed with a stop block (724). The pusher (82) consists of three blocks that are spaced apart circumferentially along the rotating ring (8).

6. The adaptive centering annular thin-walled part outer circle pressing end face tooling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The transmission structure includes a linkage ring (9) rotatably mounted on a guide seat (15) and three sets of first gear teeth (83) evenly spaced on the outer peripheral wall of the rotating ring (8). The inner wall of the linkage ring (9) has several linkage rods (91). The outer wall of the corner pull rod (5) has a linkage groove (54) for one end of the corresponding linkage rod (91) to be inserted. The guide seat (15) has a clearance hole (151) for the corresponding linkage rod (91) to pass through. One end of the linkage rod (91) passes through the clearance hole (151) and extends into the corresponding linkage groove (54). The outer wall of the linkage ring (9) is provided with a second gear tooth set (92) that meshes with the corresponding first gear tooth set (83).

7. The adaptive centering annular thin-walled part outer circle pressing end face tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the floating block (3) is fixed with an anti-rotation plate (34), and the anti-rotation plate (34) has an anti-rotation hole (341) through which the lower end of the top rod (2) passes. The anti-rotation plate (34) and the anti-rotation hole (341) cooperate to restrict the rotation of the top rod (2).

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