Fertilizer composition, preparation method thereof and application of fertilizer composition in topdressing in flowering period of rape
The potassium-calcium compound fertilizer composition solves the problems of easy lodging and high cost of high-density direct-seeded rapeseed, enhances the stem's resistance to bending, increases yield and reduces cost, and is suitable for topdressing of high-density direct-seeded rapeseed during the budding and bolting stage.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAZHONG AGRI UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
High-density direct seeding of rapeseed presents challenges such as lodging, limited yield increases, and high fertilization costs. In particular, winter rapeseed cultivation in the Yangtze River Basin relies on imported potash fertilizers, leading to increased costs.
A potassium-calcium compound fertilizer composition is provided. Through scientific potassium-calcium ratio design, it includes components such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, calcium chloride and calcium nitrate. After mixing, it can be made into powder or granules, which is suitable for topdressing of rapeseed in high-density direct seeding during the budding stage, enhancing the stem's resistance to bending and the root system's growth.
It significantly improves the bending resistance of rapeseed stems, reduces the risk of lodging, and increases yield. Furthermore, by using lower-priced calcium fertilizer to replace some potassium fertilizer, it reduces production costs and achieves the effect of cost reduction without reducing yield.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizer technology, specifically to a fertilizer composition, its preparation method, and its application in topdressing rapeseed during the budding stage. Background Technology
[0002] High-density direct seeding technology has become an important cultivation technique for high-quality and high-yield winter rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin, and a key guarantee for improving rapeseed productivity in my country. However, with the increase in planting density of direct-seeded rapeseed, nutrient competition among plants intensifies, stem bending resistance decreases, and lodging problems easily occur, thus limiting the potential for increased yield. Moreover, the decline in lodging resistance further increases with the increase in yield, which is not conducive to mechanized harvesting.
[0003] In existing technologies, to alleviate the lodging problem of high-density direct-seeded rapeseed, potassium fertilizer is usually applied during the budding stage to improve stem fullness, promote stem development, and enhance stem quality, thereby strengthening the plant's lodging resistance. However, my country mainly relies on imported potassium fertilizer. As the world's largest consumer of potassium fertilizer, the high price of imported potassium fertilizer leads to a significant increase in the production cost of rapeseed cultivation.
[0004] Calcium is the fourth essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Most calcium exists in the intercellular spaces of plant cell walls, where it can impart rigidity to the cell walls through the negative charge in cross-linked pectin, thereby enhancing the plant's resistance to lodging. Furthermore, calcium sources are widely available and its price is far lower than that of potassium fertilizer. If calcium fertilizer can be used appropriately to replace some potassium fertilizer, it can both meet the plant's lodging resistance requirements and reduce fertilizer costs.
[0005] Currently, there is a lack of specialized fertilizer formulas for topdressing during the budding stage in rapeseed production that can enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in high-density direct-seeded rapeseed while reducing production costs. Therefore, developing a potassium-calcium compound fertilizer composition suitable for the budding stage of direct-seeded rapeseed is of great significance for achieving green and efficient rapeseed production. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the technical defects of existing technologies, such as easy lodging, limited yield increase, and high fertilization costs in high-density direct-seeded rapeseed. This invention provides a fertilizer composition, its preparation method, and its application in topdressing during the budding stage of rapeseed. Through a scientifically designed potassium-calcium ratio, it achieves the goal of "reducing costs without reducing yield and reducing costs without lodging." Simultaneously, it provides a method for preparing this composition and its application in topdressing during the budding stage of direct-seeded rapeseed, providing technical support for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of direct-seeded rapeseed.
[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides a fertilizer composition comprising potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer; wherein the ratio of the amount of potassium fertilizer to the amount of calcium fertilizer is (2-4):(1-3).
[0008] In any embodiment, the potassium fertilizer is one or both of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
[0009] In any embodiment, the potassium fertilizer is either potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, and the ratio of potassium chloride to potassium sulfate is 1:(0.4-0.5).
[0010] In any embodiment, the calcium fertilizer is one or both of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate.
[0011] In any embodiment, the calcium fertilizer is either calcium chloride or calcium nitrate, and the ratio of the amount of calcium chloride to the amount of calcium nitrate is 1:(0.6-0.8).
[0012] In any embodiment, a magnesium fertilizer is also included, wherein the amount of magnesium fertilizer used is 5%-10% of the amount of potassium fertilizer.
[0013] In any embodiment, the magnesium fertilizer is magnesium sulfate.
[0014] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a method for preparing the above-mentioned fertilizer composition, comprising the following steps: mixing potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer to obtain the fertilizer composition.
[0015] In any embodiment, after mixing potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, the mixture further includes adding starch paste and granulating to obtain the fertilizer composition.
[0016] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes the application of the above-mentioned fertilizer composition or the fertilizer composition prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in topdressing of rapeseed during the budding stage.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: 1. Significantly improved lodging resistance: Through the scientific ratio of potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, potassium ensures the fullness of the stem, while calcium can enhance the rigidity of the cell wall. The synergistic effect of the two significantly improves the bending resistance of rapeseed stems and significantly reduces the risk of lodging in high-density direct-seeded rapeseed. 2. Yield increase: This composition can promote the growth of rapeseed roots, significantly increase root dry weight, enhance nutrient absorption capacity, and increase yield; 3. Significantly reduced fertilization costs: Replacing some of the expensive imported potassium fertilizer (approximately 3,800 yuan / ton) with calcium fertilizer (approximately 750 yuan / ton) can save fertilizer costs per acre. Calculated on a large-scale planting scale, this can significantly reduce the production costs of rapeseed cultivation. 4. Strong adaptability: The formula ratio can be adjusted according to the characteristics of rapeseed varieties, planting density and soil conditions. The two product forms, powder and granules, are suitable for different fertilization methods. It is suitable for high-density direct-seeded rapeseed planting areas such as the Yangtze River Basin and has broad prospects for promotion and application. This invention addresses the technical challenges of high-density direct-seeded rapeseed, including lodging, limited yield increase, and high production costs. By designing a formula that replaces part of the potassium fertilizer with calcium fertilizer, it achieves the technical effect of "reducing costs without reducing yield and preventing lodging" without changing the base fertilizer input. The potassium-calcium fertilizer composition proposed in this invention for topdressing during the budding and bolting stage of direct-seeded rapeseed can improve the bending resistance and yield of high-density direct-seeded rapeseed. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The "range" disclosed in this application is defined by a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, which define the boundaries of a particular range. Ranges defined in this way can include or exclude endpoints and can be arbitrarily combined; that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60~120 and 80~110 are listed for a specific parameter, it is also expected that ranges of 60~110 and 80~120 are also included. Furthermore, if minimum range values of 1 and 2 are listed, and if maximum range values of 3, 4, and 5 are listed, then the following ranges are all expected: 1~3, 1~4, 1~5, 2~3, 2~4, and 2~5. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "a~b" represents a shortened representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0~5" indicates that all real numbers between "0~5" have been listed in this article; "0~5" is simply a shortened representation of these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is stated as an integer ≥2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.
[0019] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprising" and "including" as used in this application can be open-ended or closed-ended. For example, "comprising" and "including" can mean that other components not listed may also be included, or that only the listed components may be included.
[0020] Unless otherwise specified, the term "or" is inclusive in this application. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B". More specifically, the condition "A or B" is satisfied by any of the following conditions: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).
[0021] This specific embodiment provides a fertilizer composition, including potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer; the ratio of potassium fertilizer to calcium fertilizer is (2-4):(1-3); the potassium fertilizer is one or both of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate; the calcium fertilizer is one or both of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate.
[0022] In some embodiments, the potassium fertilizer is either potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, and the ratio of potassium chloride to potassium sulfate is 1:(0.4-0.5).
[0023] In some embodiments, the calcium fertilizer is two of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate, and the ratio of the amount of calcium chloride to the amount of calcium nitrate is 1:(0.6-0.8).
[0024] In some embodiments, the fertilizer further includes magnesium fertilizer, wherein the amount of magnesium fertilizer used is 5%-10% of the amount of potassium fertilizer; the magnesium fertilizer is preferably magnesium sulfate.
[0025] Furthermore, this specific embodiment also proposes a method for preparing the above-mentioned fertilizer composition, comprising the following steps: mixing potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer to obtain the fertilizer composition.
[0026] In some embodiments, after mixing potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, the mixture further includes adding starch paste and granulating to obtain the fertilizer composition.
[0027] Furthermore, this specific embodiment also proposes the application of the above-mentioned fertilizer composition or the potassium-calcium fertilizer composition prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in topdressing during the budding stage of rapeseed.
[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.
[0029] In this invention, the terms "some embodiments," "this embodiment," and examples are used to describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that "some embodiments" can be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and can be combined with each other without conflict.
[0030] If the application documents contain similar descriptions such as "first / second", the following explanation shall be added: In the following description, the terms "first / second / third" are used only to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. It is understood that "first / second / third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a different order than that described herein.
[0031] In this embodiment, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, object A and / or object B can represent three situations: object A exists alone, object A and object B exist simultaneously, and object B exists alone.
[0032] The following describes embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.
[0033] Example 1 This embodiment proposes a fertilizer composition comprising potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer; the ratio of potassium fertilizer to calcium fertilizer is 4:1; the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride; and the calcium fertilizer is calcium chloride.
[0034] The method for preparing the fertilizer composition in this embodiment includes pulverizing potassium chloride into 100-mesh fine powder, drying calcium chloride at 70°C for 2.5 hours and then pulverizing it into 100-mesh fine powder, weighing 4 kg of potassium chloride and 1 kg of calcium chloride in proportion, and mixing them in a double helix mixer at 35 r / min for 18 minutes to obtain a powdered fertilizer composition.
[0035] Example 2 This embodiment proposes a fertilizer composition comprising potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer; the ratio of potassium fertilizer to calcium fertilizer is 2:3; the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride; and the calcium fertilizer is calcium chloride.
[0036] The method for preparing the fertilizer composition in this embodiment includes pulverizing potassium chloride into 100-mesh fine powder, drying calcium chloride at 70°C for 2.5 hours and then pulverizing it into 100-mesh fine powder, weighing 2 kg of potassium chloride and 3 kg of calcium chloride in proportion, and mixing them in a double helix mixer at 35 r / min for 18 minutes to obtain a powdered fertilizer composition.
[0037] Example 3 This embodiment proposes a fertilizer composition comprising potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer; the ratio of potassium fertilizer to calcium fertilizer is 2:3; the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride; and the calcium fertilizer is calcium chloride.
[0038] The method for preparing the fertilizer composition in this embodiment includes pulverizing potassium chloride to 100 mesh fine powder, drying calcium chloride at 70°C for 2.5 hours and then pulverizing it to 100 mesh fine powder, weighing 2 kg of potassium chloride and 3 kg of calcium chloride according to the proportion, putting them into a double helix mixer and mixing at 35 r / min for 18 minutes, then adding starch paste binder and granulating by disc granulation to obtain a particle size of 3 mm, and drying to obtain a granular fertilizer composition; the amount of starch paste binder added is 4% of the total mass of the fertilizer composition.
[0039] Example 4 This embodiment proposes a fertilizer composition consisting of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, calcium chloride, and calcium nitrate, wherein the ratio of potassium chloride to potassium sulfate is 1:0.45, the ratio of calcium chloride to calcium nitrate is 1:0.7, and the ratio of total potassium fertilizer to total calcium fertilizer is 2:3.
[0040] The method for preparing the fertilizer composition in this embodiment includes pulverizing each raw material into a fine powder of 100 mesh or higher, drying calcium chloride at 65°C for 3 hours, weighing 3 kg of potassium chloride and 1.35 kg of potassium sulfate according to the proportion and mixing them to obtain potassium fertilizer, and mixing 2 kg of calcium chloride and 1.4 kg of calcium nitrate to obtain calcium fertilizer; taking 2 kg of potassium fertilizer and 3 kg of calcium fertilizer and putting them into a double helix mixer and mixing them at 32 r / min for 20 minutes, adding starch paste binder and then granulating them by disc granulation to obtain a particle size of 3 mm, and drying them to obtain a granular fertilizer composition; the amount of starch paste binder added is 4% of the total mass of the fertilizer composition.
[0041] Example 5 This embodiment proposes a fertilizer composition consisting of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, calcium chloride, and calcium nitrate, wherein the ratio of potassium chloride to potassium sulfate is 1:0.4, the ratio of calcium chloride to calcium nitrate is 1:0.8, and the ratio of total potassium fertilizer to total calcium fertilizer is 2:3.
[0042] The method for preparing the fertilizer composition in this embodiment includes pulverizing each raw material into a fine powder of 100 mesh or higher, drying calcium chloride at 65°C for 3 hours, weighing 3 kg of potassium chloride and 1.2 kg of potassium sulfate according to the proportion and mixing them to obtain potassium fertilizer, and mixing 2 kg of calcium chloride and 1.6 kg of calcium nitrate to obtain calcium fertilizer; taking 2 kg of potassium fertilizer and 3 kg of calcium fertilizer and putting them into a double helix mixer and mixing them at 32 r / min for 20 minutes, adding starch paste binder and then granulating them by disc granulation to obtain a particle size of 3 mm, and drying them to obtain a granular fertilizer composition; the amount of starch paste binder added is 4% of the total mass of the fertilizer composition.
[0043] Example 6 This embodiment proposes a fertilizer composition consisting of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and magnesium sulfate, wherein the ratio of potassium chloride to potassium sulfate is 1:0.4, the ratio of calcium chloride to calcium nitrate is 1:0.6, the ratio of total potassium fertilizer to total calcium fertilizer is 2:3, and the amount of magnesium sulfate is 8% of the total potassium fertilizer.
[0044] The method for preparing the fertilizer composition in this embodiment includes pulverizing each raw material into a fine powder of 100 mesh or higher, drying calcium chloride at 65°C for 3 hours, weighing 3 kg of potassium chloride and 1.2 kg of potassium sulfate according to the proportion and mixing them to obtain potassium fertilizer, and mixing 2 kg of calcium chloride and 1.6 kg of calcium nitrate to obtain calcium fertilizer; taking 2 kg of potassium fertilizer, 3 kg of calcium fertilizer and 0.336 kg of magnesium sulfate and putting them into a double helix mixer and mixing them at 32 r / min for 20 minutes, adding starch paste binder and then granulating them by disc granulation to obtain a particle size of 3 mm, and drying them to obtain a granular fertilizer composition; the amount of starch paste binder added is 4% of the total mass of the fertilizer composition.
[0045] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the fertilizer contains only potassium fertilizer, and an equal amount of potassium chloride is used instead of calcium chloride in Example 2.
[0046] The fertilizer preparation method of this comparative example includes pulverizing potassium chloride into 100-mesh fine powder, weighing 5 kg of potassium chloride, putting it into a double helix mixer and mixing at 35 r / min for 18 minutes to obtain powdered fertilizer.
[0047] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the fertilizer contains only calcium fertilizer, and an equal amount of calcium chloride is used to replace potassium chloride in Example 2.
[0048] The preparation method of the fertilizer in this comparative example includes drying calcium chloride at a low temperature of 70℃ for 2.5 hours and then pulverizing it into a fine powder of 100 mesh. 5 kg of calcium chloride is weighed according to the ratio and put into a double helix mixer and mixed at a speed of 35 r / min for 18 minutes to obtain powdered fertilizer.
[0049] Application examples The fertilizer compositions of Examples 1-6 were used as topdressing during the budding stage of direct-seeded rapeseed. The specific application methods are as follows: The experiment was conducted in 2024 at the experimental field of Huazhong Agricultural University, using Zhongshuang 11 and Dadi 199 as the tested varieties. A randomized block design was adopted; the application timing was as follows: topdressing was applied when the rapeseed scape height reached 10 cm in the field. Application conditions: Apply in conjunction with a fixed base fertilizer, the amount of which is 150 kg / hm² of nitrogen (N). -2 Phosphorus (P2O5) 150 kg·hm -2 Potassium (K2O) 75 kg·hm -2 Borax 7.5kg·hm -2 Apply base fertilizer once; no additional fertilizer is needed later. The plot is 2m long and 2m wide, with a planting density of 3×10⁶. 4 Plant per mu (unit of land area), row spacing 25 cm, other field management is the same as usual.
[0050] Application method: Powdered fertilizer composition is applied by mechanical broadcasting, and granular fertilizer composition is applied by strip application. The application rate is 5 kg / hm². -2 After fertilizing, lightly cover the soil and water to improve nutrient utilization.
[0051] Five individual plants with uniform growth were randomly selected at maturity, with three replicates. The number of siliques per plant, the number of seeds per silique, and the weight of 1000 seeds were measured. Each plot was harvested separately and the yield was measured. The bending strength of the middle part of the stem (20cm long) at a height of 5cm from the root collar was measured using a YYD-1 stem strength tester (manufactured by Zhejiang Top Instrument Co., Ltd.).
[0052] Data processing The experimental data were statistically processed using Excel 2019 software, and the analysis of variance was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. The least significant difference test (LSD test) was used to test for significance, with a significance level set at a p-value less than 0.05. All data are presented as sample mean ± standard deviation (s).
[0053] Results and Analysis The effects of applying calcium fertilizer instead of potassium fertilizer on the biomass, stem quality, and yield of Zhongshuang 11. Table 1. Effects of topdressing with fertilizer compositions from Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 during the budding stage on root dry matter weight, stem weight, and yield of Zhongshuang 11. Table 2. Effects of topdressing with the fertilizer compositions of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 during the budding stage on root dry matter weight, stem weight, and yield of Dadi 199. As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the potassium-calcium fertilizer composition proposed in this invention can increase the root dry matter weight, stem bending resistance and grain yield of rapeseed.
[0054] To calculate the fertilizer cost during the planting process, potassium chloride and calcium chloride were used as typical examples for conversion analysis. Market research revealed that conventional agricultural red granular potassium chloride is mainly imported from Russia, priced at 3800 yuan / ton (excluding tax and shipping), while calcium chloride is cheaper at only about 750 yuan / ton. We compared the fertilizer costs of Examples 1 and 2, as well as Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the results are shown in Table 3. In Examples 1 and 2, applying calcium chloride instead of potassium chloride reduced the fertilizer cost per mu by 3.05 yuan and 9.15 yuan, respectively.
[0055] Table 3. Cost Analysis of Topdressing with Calcium Fertilizer to Replace Part of Potassium Fertilizer During the Budding and Shooting Stage Based on the results of the above examples, it can be seen that, under the evaluation framework that includes the impact of costs, the fertilizer composition of Example 2 performs better overall; while when only the core indicators of lodging and yield are considered (cost factors are not included for the time being), the fertilizer composition of Example 6 has a more outstanding overall effect.
[0056] In summary, the "Special Fertilizer Formula for Topdressing Rapeseed in the Budding and Bolting Stage" proposed in this invention takes into account the needs of high-density populations for "strong roots, lodging resistance, and increased yield," and has the advantages of "reducing costs without reducing yield" and "reducing costs without lodging." It can provide theoretical basis and technical parameters for green and efficient rapeseed production.
[0057] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A fertilizer composition, characterized by, It includes potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer; the ratio of the amount of potassium fertilizer to the amount of calcium fertilizer is (2-4):(1-3).
2. The fertilizer composition of claim 1, wherein, The potassium fertilizer is one or both of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
3. The fertilizer composition of claim 2, wherein, The potassium fertilizer is either potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, and the ratio of potassium chloride to potassium sulfate is 1:(0.4-0.5).
4. The fertilizer composition of claim 1, wherein, The calcium fertilizer is one or both of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate.
5. The fertilizer composition of claim 4, wherein, The calcium fertilizer is either calcium chloride or calcium nitrate, and the ratio of calcium chloride to calcium nitrate is 1:(0.6-0.8).
6. The fertilizer composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes magnesium fertilizer, the amount of which is 5%-10% of the amount of potassium fertilizer.
7. The fertilizer composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The magnesium fertilizer is magnesium sulfate.
8. A method for preparing a fertilizer composition according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The fertilizer composition is obtained by mixing potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer.
9. The method for preparing the fertilizer composition according to claim 8, characterized in that, After mixing potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, the mixture further includes adding starch paste and granulating to obtain the fertilizer composition.
10. The application of the fertilizer composition according to any one of claims 1-7 or the fertilizer composition prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 8-9 in the topdressing of rapeseed during the budding stage.