Cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace and method, and relates to the technical field of cadmium purification, the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace comprises a distillation furnace main body, a backing material collection mechanism, a material melting mechanism, a tailing collection mechanism, a finished material collection mechanism and a head material collection mechanism; the distillation furnace main body comprises an evaporation structure and a distillation column, the distillation column is arranged at the top of the evaporation structure and detachably connected with the evaporation structure, and the distillation column is communicated with the evaporation structure; the bottom material collecting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the evaporation structure, the bottom material collecting mechanism is communicated with the evaporation structure, the material melting mechanism, the tailing collecting mechanism, the finished product material collecting mechanism and the head material collecting mechanism are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the distillation column from bottom to top, and the material melting mechanism, the tailing collecting mechanism, the finished product material collecting mechanism and the head material collecting mechanism are respectively communicated with the distillation column. The problems that an existing traditional single-operation type cadmium distillation furnace is low in production efficiency, cannot adapt to switching of vacuum distillation and normal-pressure charging and discharging working conditions and lacks a modular grading collection structure are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cadmium purification technology, specifically to a cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace and method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of cadmium metal purification and deep processing, distillation is the core process for improving cadmium purity. Traditional production commonly employs single-cycle distillation furnaces. These equipment have significant limitations: fixed feed rates and long single-cycle operation times, allowing only one distillation cycle per day, far below the capacity for large-scale production. As the cadmium processing industry increasingly demands higher production efficiency, environmental standards, and automation levels, the technical shortcomings of traditional single-cycle distillation furnaces are becoming more apparent. Currently, the industry urgently needs to address three core issues: first, shortening cooling and loading / unloading times to achieve semi-continuous operation; second, reducing manual intervention to lower dust pollution and labor intensity; and third, achieving automatic and precise separation of the headstock, tailstock, and finished product after distillation to avoid quality errors from manual sorting. Existing equipment cannot adapt to switching between vacuum distillation and atmospheric pressure loading / unloading conditions, and lacks a modular, graded collection structure, making it difficult to overcome these technical bottlenecks. Therefore, developing a high-efficiency, environmentally friendly, and automated semi-continuous cadmium distillation furnace has become an urgent need for the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, and in response to the above problems, the present invention proposes a cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace and method, which solves the problems of low production efficiency, inability to adapt to the switching between vacuum distillation and atmospheric pressure charging conditions, and lack of modular graded collection structure in the current traditional single-operation cadmium distillation furnace.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is: A cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace includes a distillation furnace body, a bottom material collection mechanism, a chemical processing mechanism, a tail material collection mechanism, a finished product collection mechanism, and a head material collection mechanism; The main body of the distillation furnace includes an evaporation structure and a distillation column. The distillation column is located on top of the evaporation structure and is detachably connected to the evaporation structure. The distillation column is in communication with the evaporation structure. The bottom material collection mechanism is located at the bottom of the evaporation structure and is detachably connected to the evaporation structure. The bottom material collection mechanism is connected to the evaporation structure. The chemical material collection mechanism, tail material collection mechanism, finished product collection mechanism and head material collection mechanism are arranged sequentially from bottom to top on the outside of the distillation column and are detachably connected to the distillation column. The chemical material collection mechanism, tail material collection mechanism, finished product collection mechanism and head material collection mechanism are respectively connected to the distillation column.

[0005] Preferably, the evaporation structure includes an evaporation shell, a distillation crucible, a labyrinth plate, and a clamping ring. The evaporation shell has a mounting slot, the evaporation crucible is placed in the mounting slot and is detachably connected to the mounting slot, an evaporation heating element is provided between the evaporation crucible and the mounting slot, the evaporation heating element contacts the distillation crucible and is used to heat the distillation crucible, the labyrinth plate is detachably placed in the mounting slot and contacts the top of the evaporation crucible, the clamping ring is detachably placed in the mounting slot and one end abuts against the labyrinth plate, and is used to fix the labyrinth plate and the evaporation crucible in the mounting slot, and the clamping ring is threadedly connected to the mounting slot.

[0006] Preferably, the labyrinth tray includes a tray body and a tray cover. The top of the tray body has a receiving slot, and a labyrinth-shaped flow channel is provided inside the receiving slot. The labyrinth-shaped flow channel is composed of several concentric annular sidewalls. A buffer flow channel is formed between the outermost annular sidewall and the sidewall of the receiving slot. A transition flow channel is formed between adjacent annular sidewalls. Each transition flow channel has several openings that penetrate the tray body and communicate with the evaporation crucible. Each annular sidewall has several openings, and the openings on two adjacent annular sidewalls are staggered. The tray cover is located on the top of the tray body and is detachably connected to the tray body by bolts. It is used to close the labyrinth-shaped flow channel. The tray cover has several inlets and outlets that communicate with the buffer flow channel. A clamping ring is sleeved on the outside of the tray cover and abuts against the tray body.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom material collection mechanism includes a bottom material shell, a bottom material crucible, and a first conveying pipe. The bottom material crucible is disposed inside the bottom material shell and is detachably connected to the bottom material shell. An installation port is provided on one side of the bottom material shell, through which the bottom material crucible can be inserted or removed. A bottom material vacuum discharge pipe is fixedly provided on one side of the bottom material shell, and a bottom material vacuum connecting pipe is fixedly provided on one side of the bottom material crucible. The bottom material vacuum discharge pipe and the bottom material vacuum connecting pipe are detachably connected by a connecting sleeve. The connecting sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the bottom material vacuum discharge pipe and the bottom material vacuum connecting pipe, and is threadedly connected to the bottom material vacuum discharge pipe and the bottom material vacuum connecting pipe, respectively. One end of the first conveying pipe passes through the top of the bottom material shell and extends into the bottom material crucible. The first conveying pipe is connected to the bottom material shell and the bottom material crucible. The material crucible is slidably inserted. A first sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the first conveying pipe and the bottom material shell. A first connecting chuck is fixed on the first conveying pipe. The first connecting chuck is detachably connected to the top of the bottom material shell by bolts. A second conveying pipe is provided at the bottom of the evaporation shell. One end of the second conveying pipe passes through the evaporation shell and the distillation crucible. The second conveying pipe is slidably inserted into both the evaporation shell and the distillation crucible. A second sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the second conveying pipe and the evaporation shell. A third sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the second conveying pipe and the distillation crucible. A second connecting chuck is fixed on the second conveying pipe. The second connecting chuck is detachably connected to the bottom of the evaporation shell by bolts. The other end of the first conveying pipe and the other end of the second conveying pipe are connected by flanges.

[0008] Preferably, the distillation column includes a first tube, a second tube, a third tube, a fourth tube, a fifth tube, a sixth tube, and an evaporation cap. The bottom of the first tube is connected to the top flange of the evaporation shell. One end of the second tube is inserted into the top of the first tube and is detachably connected to the first tube. One end of the third tube is inserted into the top of the second tube and is detachably connected to the second tube. One end of the fourth tube is inserted into the top of the third tube and is detachably connected to the third tube. One end of the fifth tube is inserted into the top of the fourth tube and is detachably connected to the fourth tube. One end of the sixth tube is inserted into the top of the fifth tube and is detachably connected to the fifth tube. A distillation baffle is provided inside the sixth tube and is inserted into the upper end of the sixth tube. One end of the evaporation cap is inserted into the sixth tube and abuts against the distillation baffle. The evaporation cap is connected to the flange of the sixth tube and has a main vacuum port communicating with the sixth tube.

[0009] Preferably, the chemical processing mechanism includes a chemical processing shell, a chemical processing crucible, and a chemical processing end cap. The chemical processing crucible is detachably disposed inside the chemical processing shell. A chemical processing heating element is provided between the bottom of the chemical processing crucible and the chemical processing shell, and the chemical processing heating element contacts the bottom of the chemical processing crucible. The chemical processing end cap is disposed on the top of the chemical processing shell and is detachably connected to the top of the chemical processing shell by bolts. One end of the chemical processing end cap extends into the chemical processing shell and abuts against the chemical processing crucible. A raw material inlet is provided on the chemical processing end cap. A chemical processing conveying pipe is provided on one side of the chemical processing shell. One end of the chemical processing conveying pipe passes through the chemical processing shell and the chemical processing crucible and is threadedly connected to both the chemical processing shell and the chemical processing crucible. A raw material inlet pipe is fixedly provided on one side of the first pipe body, and the other end of the chemical processing conveying pipe is connected to the flange of the raw material inlet pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the tailings collection mechanism includes a tailings collector, a tailings shell, a tailings crucible, and a tailings end cap. The tailings collector is inserted into the second tube, and the end of the third tube abuts against the tailings collector. The tailings crucible is detachably disposed in the tailings shell. A tailings heating element is provided between the bottom of the tailings crucible and the tailings shell, with one side of the heating element contacting the bottom of the tailings crucible. The tailings end cap is disposed on the top of the tailings shell and is detachably connected to the top of the tailings shell by bolts. A tailings conveying pipe is provided on one side of the second tube, with one end of the conveying pipe penetrating the second tube and extending into the tailings collector. The conveying pipe is threadedly connected to both the second tube and the tailings collector. A tailings connecting pipe is fixedly provided on one side of the tailings shell, with one end of the connecting pipe connected to the flange of the conveying pipe and the other end fitted with the tailings crucible.

[0011] Preferably, the finished material collection mechanism includes a finished material collector, a finished material shell, a finished material crucible, and a finished material end cap. The finished material collector is inserted into the third tube, and the end of the fourth tube abuts against the finished material collector. The finished material crucible is detachably installed inside the finished material shell. A finished material heating element is provided between the bottom of the finished material crucible and the finished material shell, with one side of the heating element contacting the bottom of the finished material crucible. The finished material end cap is located on the top of the finished material shell and is detachably connected to the top of the finished material shell by bolts. A finished material conveying pipe is provided on one side of the third tube, with one end of the conveying pipe penetrating the third tube and extending into the finished material collector. The conveying pipe is threadedly connected to both the third tube and the finished material collector. A finished material connecting pipe is fixedly provided on one side of the finished material shell, with one end connected to the flange of the conveying pipe and the other end fitted with the finished material crucible. A spiral cooling pipe is fixedly provided on the outside of the fourth tube, and the spiral cooling pipe can be connected to an external cooling water circulation device.

[0012] Preferably, the waste material collection mechanism includes a waste material collector, a waste material shell, a waste material crucible, and a waste material end cap. The waste material collector is inserted into the fifth tube body, and the end of the sixth tube body abuts against the waste material collector. The waste material crucible is detachably disposed in the waste material shell. A waste material heating element is provided between the bottom of the waste material crucible and the waste material shell, with one side of the heating element contacting the bottom of the waste material crucible. The waste material end cap is disposed on the top of the waste material shell and is detachably connected to the top of the waste material shell by bolts. A waste material conveying pipe is provided on one side of the fifth tube body. One end of the waste material conveying pipe passes through the fifth tube body and extends into the waste material collector. The waste material conveying pipe is threadedly connected to the fifth tube body and the waste material collector respectively. A waste material connecting pipe is fixedly provided on one side of the waste material shell. One end of the waste material connecting pipe is connected to the flange of the waste material conveying pipe, and the other end is fitted with the waste material crucible.

[0013] A semi-continuous cadmium distillation method, applied to the aforementioned semi-continuous cadmium distillation furnace, specifically includes the following steps: Step S1: Material preparation stage; Add 4N cadmium raw material into the chemical mixing mechanism, draw a vacuum to form a vacuum inside the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace, then fill with inert gas to restore the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace to normal pressure, and then turn on the chemical mixing mechanism to heat the 4N cadmium raw material, so that the melted 4N cadmium raw material enters the evaporation structure. Step S2: Evaporation and purification stage; After all the melted 4N cadmium raw material has entered the evaporation structure, a vacuum is drawn to create a vacuum inside the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace, and the evaporation structure is turned on to evaporate and purify the 4N cadmium raw material. Step S3: Collection Phase; After the evaporation and purification stage is completed, inert gas is introduced to restore the interior of the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace to normal pressure. Then, the evaporation structure, bottom material collection mechanism, tail material collection mechanism, finished product collection mechanism and head material collection mechanism are turned on at the same time to heat and collect the bottom material, tail material, finished product and head material respectively. Step S4: Shutdown phase; After collection is complete, turn off all heating and allow it to cool before removing the bottom material, tail material, finished material, and head material. Repeating steps S1 to S4 completes the semi-continuous distillation of cadmium.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention specifically addresses the problems of low production efficiency, inability to adapt to switching between vacuum distillation and atmospheric pressure discharge conditions, and lack of modular graded collection structure in traditional single-operation cadmium distillation furnaces, and has the following significant advantages: 1. Achieve semi-continuous operation and significantly improve production efficiency: Compared with the traditional single-batch distillation furnace, which requires complete shutdown and cleaning after completing one batch of operation before starting the next batch, this invention can quickly restart the next round of operation after the collection, cooling and material removal of a single batch. This reduces the ineffective time spent on equipment start-up, shutdown, heating and cooling, and significantly increases the cadmium distillation output per unit time. It is suitable for the needs of large-scale industrial production and increases the output from one furnace per day to at least two furnaces per day.

[0015] 2. Adaptable to both vacuum and atmospheric pressure operation, ensuring purification quality and operational safety: Compared to traditional single-stage distillation furnaces, this invention features a vacuum / atmospheric pressure switching process, perfectly adapting to the operational requirements of different stages. During the material preparation and unloading stages, inert gas is introduced to restore atmospheric pressure, avoiding the operational difficulties of adding raw materials and removing products under vacuum conditions, thus reducing operational risks. During the evaporation and purification stage, a low-pressure environment is created by vacuuming, which not only lowers the evaporation temperature of cadmium and reduces cadmium oxidation loss, but also effectively removes low-boiling-point impurities from cadmium, improving the purity of the finished product. The introduction of inert gas further isolates the product from air, preventing cadmium vapor from reacting with oxygen to form oxides, ensuring product purity and extending the equipment's lifespan.

[0016] 3. Modular and detachable design, combining flexibility and ease of maintenance: The distillation column and evaporation structure, as well as each collection mechanism and distillation column, are all detachably connected, forming standardized modular units. On the one hand, different specifications of distillation columns or collection mechanisms can be replaced according to production needs to adapt to cadmium distillation operations with different purity requirements; on the other hand, the detachable structure facilitates daily cleaning, maintenance, and component replacement of the equipment, reducing equipment operation and maintenance costs, while reserving space for future technological upgrades.

[0017] 4. Precise graded collection improves product purity and resource utilization: A precise graded collection system is constructed, consisting of a bottom-up chemical processing unit, a tailings collection unit, a finished product collection unit, and a headstock collection unit. This system can selectively separate and capture bottom material (melted impurities), tailings (high-boiling-point impurities and medium-purity cadmium), finished product (high-purity cadmium), and headstock (low-boiling-point impurities). This design not only directly produces high-purity finished cadmium but also allows for secondary recycling of intermediate products such as tailings, avoiding resource waste, improving the comprehensive utilization rate of raw materials, and reducing production costs.

[0018] 5. Standardized operating procedures reduce reliance on manual labor: The heating, vacuum / atmospheric pressure switching, and collection operations at each stage of this invention can be standardized and controlled, reducing the impact of human error on product quality. Simultaneously, the semi-continuous operation mode eliminates the need for frequent and complex equipment adjustments, reducing reliance on operators' professional skills and facilitating industrial-scale application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace as described in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace as described in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the bottom material collection mechanism described in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the evaporation structure described in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the evaporation structure described in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the maze disk described in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded structural diagram of the material processing mechanism described in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 8 This is an exploded structural diagram of the tailings collection mechanism described in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 9 This is an exploded structural diagram of the finished material collection mechanism described in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 10 This is an exploded structural diagram of the head material collection mechanism described in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the chemical conveying pipe described in an embodiment of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10-Distillation furnace body, 11-Bottom material collection mechanism, 12-Chemicalization mechanism, 13-Taste material collection mechanism, 14-Finished product collection mechanism, 15-Head material collection mechanism, 16-Evaporation structure, 17-Distillation column, 18-Evaporation shell, 19-Distillation crucible, 20-Maze tray, 21-Pressure ring, 22-Mounting slot, 23-Evaporation heating element, 24-Train body, 25-Train cover plate, 26-Receiving slot, 27-Maze-shaped flow channel, 28-Annular sidewall, 29-Buffer flow channel, 30-Transition Flow channel, 31-port, 32-opening, 33-inlet / outlet, 34-bottom material shell, 35-bottom material crucible, 36-first conveying pipe, 37-installation port, 38-bottom material vacuum discharge pipe, 39-bottom material vacuum connection pipe, 40-connecting sleeve, 41-first sealing gasket, 42-first connecting chuck, 43-second conveying pipe, 44-second sealing gasket, 45-third sealing gasket, 46-second connecting chuck, 47-first tube body, 48-second tube body, 49-third tube body, 50-fourth tube body 51-Fifth tube body, 52-Sixth tube body, 53-Evaporation cap, 54-Distillation baffle, 55-Main vacuum port, 56-Chemical shell, 57-Chemical crucible, 58-Chemical end cap, 59-Chemical heating element, 60-Raw material inlet, 61-Chemical conveying pipe, 62-Raw material inlet pipe, 63-Taste collector, 64-Taste shell, 65-Taste crucible, 66-Taste end cap, 67-Taste heating element, 68-Taste conveying pipe, 69-Taste connecting pipe, 70-Finished product collector, 71-Finished product 72-Finished material shell, 73-Finished material crucible, 74-Finished material end cap, 75-Finished material heating element, 76-Finished material conveying pipe, 77-Finished material connecting pipe, 78-Spiral cooling pipe, 79-Head material collector, 80-Head material shell, 81-Head material end cap, 82-Head material heating element, 83-Head material conveying pipe, 84-Head material connecting pipe, 85-Inert gas filling inlet, 86-Auxiliary vacuum port, 87-Inner tube body, 88-Outer tube body, 89-Spiral winding groove, 90-Conveying heating element. Detailed Implementation

[0021] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment of the invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0026] The following disclosure provides many different implementations or examples for carrying out different structures of the embodiments of the present invention. To simplify the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or reference letters may be repeated in different examples of the embodiments of the present invention; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various implementations and / or arrangements discussed.

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Example: like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, this embodiment discloses a cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace, including a furnace body 10, a bottom material collection mechanism 11, a chemical processing mechanism 12, a tail material collection mechanism 13, a finished product collection mechanism 14, and a head material collection mechanism 15. The furnace body 10 includes an evaporation structure 16 and a distillation column 17. The distillation column 17 is disposed on top of the evaporation structure 16 and is detachably connected to the evaporation structure 16, and the distillation column 17 is in communication with the evaporation structure 16. The bottom material collection mechanism 11 is disposed at the bottom of the evaporation structure 16 and is detachably connected to the evaporation structure 16, and the bottom material collection mechanism 11 is in communication with the evaporation structure 16. The chemical processing mechanism 12, the tail material collection mechanism 13, the finished product collection mechanism 14, and the head material collection mechanism 15 are arranged sequentially from bottom to top on the outside of the distillation column 17 and are detachably connected to the distillation column 17. The chemical processing mechanism 12, the tail material collection mechanism 13, the finished product collection mechanism 14, and the head material collection mechanism 15 are respectively in communication with the distillation column 17.

[0029] To facilitate the distillation and purification of 4N cadmium raw materials, this embodiment is an improvement upon the above embodiment. The difference lies in that the evaporation structure 16 includes an evaporation shell 18, a distillation crucible 19, a labyrinth plate 20, and a clamping ring 21. The evaporation shell 18 has an installation slot 22. The distillation crucible 19 is disposed within the installation slot 22 and is detachably connected to it. An evaporation heating element 23 is provided between the distillation crucible 19 and the installation slot 22, contacting the distillation crucible 19 for heating it. The labyrinth plate 20 is detachably disposed within the installation slot 22 and contacts the top of the evaporation crucible 19. The clamping ring 21 is detachably disposed within the installation slot 22, with one end abutting against the labyrinth plate 20, for fixing the labyrinth plate 20 and the distillation crucible 19 within the installation slot 22. The clamping ring 21 is threadedly connected to the installation slot 22.

[0030] The evaporation heating element 23 includes a vortex heating wire and a spiral heating wire. One side of the vortex heating wire contacts the bottom of the distillation crucible 19, and the spiral heating wire is sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the distillation crucible 19 and contacts the outer side of the lower end of the distillation crucible 19. Both the vortex heating wire and the spiral heating wire can be electric heating wires from the prior art.

[0031] The labyrinth tray 20 includes a tray body 24 and a tray cover 25. The top of the tray body 24 has a receiving slot 26, within which a labyrinthine flow channel 27 is formed. The labyrinthine flow channel 27 is composed of several concentric annular sidewalls 28. A buffer flow channel 29 is formed between the outermost annular sidewall 28 and the sidewall of the receiving slot 26. Transitional flow channels 30 are formed between adjacent annular sidewalls 28. Each transitional flow channel 30 has several openings 31 that penetrate the tray. The tray body 24 is connected to the evaporation crucible 19. Each annular sidewall 28 has several openings 32. The openings 32 on two adjacent annular sidewalls 28 are staggered. The tray cover plate 25 is located on the top of the tray body 24 and is detachably connected to the tray body 24 by bolts. It is used to close the labyrinthine flow channel 27. The tray cover plate 25 has several inlets and outlets 33 that communicate with the buffer flow channel 29. The clamping ring 21 is sleeved on the outside of the tray cover plate 25 and abuts against the tray body 24.

[0032] The bottom of the evaporation crucible 19 is precisely heated by a vortex heating wire, and the lower end of the evaporation crucible 19 is heated by a spiral heating wire, so as to achieve rapid and uniform vaporization of liquid cadmium. The top labyrinth disk 20 uses the transition channel 30 and buffer channel 29 formed by the concentric ring sidewall 28, and the staggered opening 32 to make the steam evenly dispersed and initially intercept impurities. The clamping ring 21 fixes the labyrinth disk 20 and the crucible by threaded connection to ensure structural stability.

[0033] To facilitate the collection of bottom material, this embodiment is an improvement upon the above embodiment. The difference lies in that the bottom material collection mechanism 11 includes a bottom material housing 34, a bottom material crucible 35, and a first conveying pipe 36. The bottom material crucible 35 is disposed inside the bottom material housing 34 and is detachably connected to it. An installation port 37 is provided on one side of the bottom material housing 34, through which the bottom material crucible 35 can be inserted or removed. A bottom material vacuum discharge pipe 38 is fixedly provided on one side of the bottom material housing 34, and a bottom material vacuum connection pipe 39 is fixedly provided on one side of the bottom material crucible 35. The bottom material vacuum discharge pipe 38 and the bottom material vacuum connection pipe 39 are detachably connected via a connecting sleeve 40. The connecting sleeve 40 is sleeved on the outside of the bottom material vacuum discharge pipe 38 and the bottom material vacuum connection pipe 39, and is threadedly connected to both. One end of the first conveying pipe 36 penetrates the top of the bottom material housing 34 and extends to the bottom material crucible 35. Inside, the first conveying pipe 36 is slidably inserted into the bottom material shell 34 and the bottom material crucible 35. A first sealing gasket 41 is provided at the connection between the first conveying pipe 36 and the bottom material shell 34. A first connecting chuck 42 is fixedly provided on the first conveying pipe 36. The first connecting chuck 42 is detachably connected to the top of the bottom material shell 34 by bolts. A second conveying pipe 43 is provided at the bottom of the evaporation shell 18. One end of the second conveying pipe 43 passes through the evaporation shell 18 and the distillation crucible 19. The second conveying pipe 43 is slidably inserted into the evaporation shell 18 and the distillation crucible 19 respectively. A second sealing gasket 44 is provided at the connection between the second conveying pipe 43 and the evaporation shell 18. A third sealing gasket 45 is provided at the connection between the second conveying pipe 43 and the distillation crucible 19. A second connecting chuck 46 is fixedly provided on the second conveying pipe 43. The second connecting chuck 46 is detachably connected to the bottom of the evaporation shell 18 by bolts. The other end of the first conveying pipe 36 and the other end of the second conveying pipe 43 are connected by flanges.

[0034] Unvaporized molten impurities in the distillation crucible 19 are guided to the first conveying pipe 36 via the second conveying pipe 43. The flange connection between the first and second conveying pipes 36 and 43, along with multiple sealing gaskets, ensures a tight seal at the connection point. The bottom material vacuum discharge pipe 38 and the connecting pipe maintain a partial vacuum through a connecting sleeve 40. The mounting port 37 of the bottom material shell 34 facilitates the insertion and removal of the distillation crucible 19. The first and second connecting chucks 42 and 46 enhance the stability of the conveying pipe installation. This structure achieves precise collection of molten impurities, preventing them from affecting the purity of the finished product. The multiple sealing structures prevent material leakage and air ingress. The detachable crucible and conveying pipes reduce cleaning difficulty and improve equipment maintenance efficiency. Furthermore, the recovered bottom material can be reprocessed, increasing the overall utilization rate of raw materials.

[0035] The distillation column 17 includes a first tube 47, a second tube 48, a third tube 49, a fourth tube 50, a fifth tube 51, a sixth tube 52, and an evaporation cap 53. The bottom of the first tube 47 is connected to the top flange of the evaporation shell 18. One end of the second tube 48 is inserted into the top of the first tube 47 and is detachably connected to it. One end of the third tube 49 is inserted into the top of the second tube 48 and is detachably connected to it. One end of the fourth tube 50 is inserted into the top of the third tube 49 and is detachably connected to it. The fifth tube... One end of body 51 is inserted into the top of the fourth tube body 50 and is detachably connected to the fourth tube body 50. One end of the sixth tube body 52 is inserted into the top of the fifth tube body 51 and is detachably connected to the fifth tube body 51. A distillation baffle 54 is provided inside the sixth tube body 52 and is inserted into the upper end of the sixth tube body 52. ​​One end of the evaporation cap 53 is inserted into the sixth tube body 52 and its end abuts against the distillation baffle 54. The evaporation cap 53 is connected to the flange of the sixth tube body 52. ​​The evaporation cap 53 is provided with a main vacuum port 55 and an inert gas filling port 85 that communicate with the sixth tube body 52.

[0036] The modular tube design allows for adjustment of length and specifications to meet production needs, adapting to distillation operations of cadmium with varying purities. The distillation baffle 54 features several gas holes to prevent impurities from entering the top vacuum system. The combination of flange and plug-in connections ensures both sealing and ease of assembly / disassembly. The main vacuum port 55 guarantees a stable vacuum environment, laying the foundation for efficient evaporation and purification. The tubes can be connected using flanges or threads. The inert gas inlet 85 facilitates the introduction of inert gas.

[0037] To facilitate material processing, this embodiment is an improvement upon the above embodiment. The difference lies in that the material processing mechanism 12 includes a material processing shell 56, a material processing crucible 57, and a material processing end cap 58. The material processing crucible 57 is detachably disposed within the material processing shell 56. A material processing heating element 59 is provided between the bottom of the material processing crucible 57 and the material processing shell 56, and the heating element 59 contacts the bottom of the crucible 57. The material processing end cap 58 is disposed on the top of the material processing shell 56 and is flush with the top of the material processing shell 56. The chemical end cap 58 is detachably connected by bolts. One end extends into the chemical housing 56 and abuts against the chemical crucible 57. The chemical end cap 58 is provided with a raw material inlet 60. A chemical conveying pipe 61 is provided on one side of the chemical housing 56. One end of the chemical conveying pipe 61 passes through the chemical housing 56 and the chemical crucible 57 and is threadedly connected to the chemical housing 56 and the chemical crucible 57 respectively. A raw material inlet pipe 62 is fixedly provided on one side of the first pipe body 47. The other end of the chemical conveying pipe 61 is connected to the flange of the raw material inlet pipe 62.

[0038] In use, the raw material is fed into the chemical crucible 57 through the raw material inlet 60 of the chemical end cap 58. The bottom vortex chemical heating element 59 heats and melts the raw material. The spiral heating wire in the chemical delivery pipe 61 prevents the liquid cadmium from condensing during the transportation process. The liquid cadmium is stably transported to the first tube 47 of the distillation column 17 by means of the flange connection between the chemical delivery pipe 61 and the raw material inlet pipe 62 of the distillation column 17. The chemical end cap 58 is fixed and pressed into the chemical crucible 57 by bolts to ensure the sealing of the chemical process.

[0039] To facilitate the collection of tailings, this embodiment is an improvement upon the above embodiment. The difference lies in that the tailings collection mechanism 13 includes a tailings collector 63, a tailings housing 64, a tailings crucible 65, and a tailings end cap 66. The tailings collector 63 is inserted into the second tube 48, and the end of the third tube 49 abuts against the tailings collector 63. The tailings crucible 65 is detachably disposed within the tailings housing 64. A tailings heating element 67 is provided between the bottom of the tailings crucible 65 and the tailings housing 64. One side of the tailings heating element 67 is connected to the tailings crucible. The bottom of the crucible 65 is in contact with the tail material end cap 66, which is set on the top of the tail material housing 64 and is detachably connected to the top of the tail material housing 64 by bolts. A tail material conveying pipe 68 is provided on one side of the second pipe body 48. One end of the tail material conveying pipe 68 passes through the second pipe body 48 and extends into the tail material collector 63. The tail material conveying pipe 68 is threadedly connected to the second pipe body 48 and the tail material collector 63 respectively. A tail material connecting pipe 69 is fixedly provided on one side of the tail material housing 64. One end of the tail material connecting pipe 69 is connected to the flange of the tail material conveying pipe 68, and the other end is matched with the tail material crucible 65.

[0040] A tailings collector 63, inserted into the second tube 48, captures the mixed fraction of high-boiling-point impurities and cadmium flowing through this area. The end of the third tube 49 is fixed to the collector. A tailings heater 67 at the bottom of the tailings crucible 65 maintains the tailings in a liquid state. The tailings are stably guided into the tailings crucible 65 through a flange connection between the tailings delivery pipe 68 and the tailings connecting pipe 69. The tailings end cap 66 is fixed with bolts to ensure a tight seal. In use, it can separate high-boiling-point impurities in cadmium vapor, preventing tailings from contaminating the finished product and affecting purity. The collected tailings can be purified and reused. Structurally, it adopts a detachable plug-in and flange connection, which does not interfere with the steam flow in the main channel of the distillation column 17, balancing separation accuracy and equipment maintenance convenience.

[0041] To facilitate the collection of finished materials, this embodiment is an improvement upon the above embodiment. The difference lies in that the finished material collection mechanism 14 includes a finished material collector 70, a finished material shell 71, a finished material crucible 72, and a finished material end cap 73. The finished material collector 70 is inserted into the third tube 49, and the end of the fourth tube 50 abuts against the finished material collector 70. The finished material crucible 72 is detachably disposed within the finished material shell 71. A finished material heating element 74 is provided between the bottom of the finished material crucible 72 and the finished material shell 71, with one side of the heating element 74 contacting the bottom of the finished material crucible 72. The finished material end cap 73 is disposed within the finished material shell 71. The top of the material shell 71 is detachably connected to the top of the finished material shell 71 by bolts. A finished material conveying pipe 75 is provided on one side of the third pipe body 49. One end of the finished material conveying pipe 75 passes through the third pipe body 49 and extends into the finished material collector 70. The finished material conveying pipe 75 is threadedly connected to the third pipe body 49 and the finished material collector 70 respectively. A finished material connecting pipe 76 is fixedly provided on one side of the finished material shell 71. One end of the finished material connecting pipe 76 is connected to the flange of the finished material conveying pipe 75, and the other end is fitted with the finished material crucible 72. A spiral cooling pipe 77 is fixedly provided on the outside of the fourth pipe body 50. The spiral cooling pipe 77 can be connected to an external cooling water circulation device.

[0042] High-purity cadmium vapor is captured by a finished product collector 70 inserted into the third tube 49. A spiral cooling pipe 77 on the outside of the fourth tube 50 is connected to a cooling water circulation system to rapidly lower the tube temperature, causing the cadmium vapor to condense into liquid. A finished product heating element 74 ensures the condensed liquid cadmium remains stable. The finished product is then introduced into a crucible through a finished product conveying pipe 75 and a connecting pipe. The finished product end cap 73 is secured with bolts to ensure a seal. In use, this system achieves efficient capture of high-purity cadmium, rapid condensation, and high-purity finished product. The finished product heating element 74 prevents the finished product from solidifying and clogging the channels. The modular, detachable structure facilitates finished product removal and equipment cleaning. The spiral cooling pipe design improves heat exchange efficiency, making it suitable for the finished product collection needs of large-scale industrial production.

[0043] To facilitate the collection of scrap, this embodiment is an improvement upon the above embodiment. The difference lies in that the scrap collection mechanism 15 includes a scrap collector 78, a scrap housing 79, a scrap crucible 80, and a scrap end cap 81. The scrap collector 78 is inserted into the fifth tube 51, and the end of the sixth tube 52 abuts against the scrap collector 78. The scrap crucible 80 is detachably disposed within the scrap housing 79. A scrap heating element 82 is provided between the bottom of the scrap crucible 80 and the scrap housing 79. One side of the scrap heating element 82 is connected to the scrap crucible. The bottom of the crucible 80 is in contact with the material. The head material end cap 81 is set on the top of the head material shell 79 and is detachably connected to the top of the head material shell 79 by bolts. A head material conveying pipe 83 is provided on one side of the fifth tube body 51. One end of the head material conveying pipe 83 passes through the fifth tube body 51 and extends into the head material collector 78. The head material conveying pipe 83 is threadedly connected to the fifth tube body 51 and the head material collector 78 respectively. A head material connecting pipe 84 is fixedly provided on one side of the head material shell 79. One end of the head material connecting pipe 84 is connected to the flange of the head material conveying pipe 83, and the other end is matched with the head material crucible 80.

[0044] The headstock collector 78, inserted into the fifth tube 51, captures the upward-flowing low-boiling-point impurity fraction. The end of the sixth tube 52 is fixed to the headstock collector 78. The headstock heating element 82 at the bottom of the headstock crucible 80 prevents the headstock from solidifying. The low-boiling-point impurities are guided to the headstock crucible 80 through the headstock delivery pipe 83 and the headstock connecting pipe 84. The headstock end cap 81 is sealed to ensure a stable internal environment. In use, it can separate low-boiling-point impurities from cadmium vapor, improving the purity of the finished cadmium product from the source. The collected headstock can be centrally processed to avoid contamination. The detachable headstock collector 78 and headstock crucible 80 facilitate cleaning and maintenance without affecting the normal rise of vapor in the distillation column 17 and the separation of other fractions, achieving precise targeted removal of impurities.

[0045] As a further preferred embodiment, the material processing end cap 58, the tail material end cap 66, the finished product end cap 73, and the head material end cap 81 are all provided with auxiliary vacuum ports 86. The auxiliary vacuum ports 86 facilitate vacuuming.

[0046] As a further preferred embodiment, the first conveying pipe 36, the second conveying pipe 43, the chemical conveying pipe 61, the tail material conveying pipe 68, the finished product conveying pipe 75, and the head material conveying pipe 83 all include an inner pipe body 87 and an outer pipe body 88. The inner pipe body 87 is disposed inside the outer pipe body 88, and both ends of the outer pipe body 88 are fixedly connected to the inner pipe body 87. A spiral winding groove 89 is provided between the inner pipe body 87 and the outer pipe body 88. A conveying heating element 90 is provided in the spiral winding groove 89. The conveying heating element 90 is arranged along the spiral winding groove 89 and includes several spiral heating wires. The spiral heating wires are wound around the inner pipe body 87 along the spiral winding groove 89. The double-layer structure of the inner pipe body 87 and the outer pipe body 88, with the spiral heating wires arranged in the spiral winding groove 89 in the middle, not only ensures the sealing of the material conveying channel, but also prevents liquid cadmium from condensing and clogging through continuous heating by the heating wires.

[0047] In the above embodiments, the chemical heating element 59, the tail material heating element 67, the finished product heating element 74, and the head material heating element 82 can all adopt the vortex-shaped electric heating wire of the prior art, which facilitates heating. Electrically controlled valves are provided at the connection between the first conveying pipe 36 and the second conveying pipe 43, and at the ends of the chemical conveying pipe 61, the tail material conveying pipe 68, the finished product conveying pipe 75, and the head material conveying pipe 83 for controlling opening and closing. This is prior art and therefore will not be described in detail in this invention. The cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace of this invention can also be equipped with a control system to achieve automatic control; this is prior art and will not be described in detail in this invention.

[0048] A semi-continuous cadmium distillation method, applied to the aforementioned semi-continuous cadmium distillation furnace, specifically includes the following steps: Step S1: Material preparation stage; Add 4N cadmium raw material into the chemical feeding mechanism 12, draw a vacuum to form a vacuum inside the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace, then fill in inert gas to restore the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace to normal pressure, then turn on the chemical feeding mechanism 12 to heat the 4N cadmium raw material, so that the melted 4N cadmium raw material enters the evaporation structure 16. Step S2: Evaporation and purification stage; After all the melted 4N cadmium raw material enters the evaporation structure 16, a vacuum is drawn to create a vacuum inside the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace, and the evaporation structure 16 is turned on to evaporate and purify the 4N cadmium raw material. Step S3: Collection Phase; After the evaporation and purification stage is completed, inert gas is introduced to restore the interior of the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace to normal pressure. Then, the evaporation structure 16, the bottom material collection mechanism 11, the tail material collection mechanism 13, the finished product collection mechanism 14, and the head material collection mechanism 15 are turned on at the same time to heat and collect the bottom material, tail material, finished product, and head material respectively. Step S4: Shutdown phase; After collection is complete, turn off all heating and allow it to cool before removing the bottom material, tail material, finished material, and head material. Repeating steps S1 to S4 completes the semi-continuous distillation of cadmium.

[0049] Preferably, step S1 specifically includes: Raw material input: 4N cadmium raw material is added to the chemical crucible 57 inside the chemical shell 56 through the raw material input port 60 provided on the chemical end cap 58 of the chemical mechanism 12. Operating mode switching: By using the auxiliary vacuum port 86 on the material end cover 58, tail material end cover 66, finished material end cover 73, and head material end cover 81, as well as the main vacuum port 55 on the evaporation seal 53, the air inside the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace is extracted in a coordinated manner to form a sealed vacuum environment in the furnace body. Then, inert gas (such as argon) is introduced through the inert gas filling port 85 until the inside of the furnace body returns to normal pressure, so as to avoid oxidation of the raw materials during subsequent heating. Heating and melting: Turn on the heating element 59 at the bottom of the melting crucible 57 to heat and melt the 4N cadmium raw material in the melting crucible 57; at the same time, turn on the conveying heating element 90 in the melting conveying pipe 61 to prevent the molten liquid cadmium from condensing during the conveying process. Raw material transport: The molten liquid cadmium flows through the chemical transport pipe 61, through the raw material inlet pipe 62 on one side of the first tube 47 of the distillation column 17, into the first tube 47 of the distillation column 17, and then flows into the labyrinth plate 20 along the tube channel, and then into the distillation crucible 19 of the evaporation structure 16 of the main body of the distillation furnace 10, thus completing the raw material transfer in the chemical stage.

[0050] Preferably, step S2 specifically includes: Vacuum construction: After all the molten 4N cadmium raw material flows into the distillation crucible 19, it is evacuated again through the main vacuum port 55 and each auxiliary vacuum port 86 to form a stable vacuum distillation environment for the main body of the distillation furnace 10, each collection mechanism and connecting pipeline. Heating and evaporation: The evaporation heating element 23 of the evaporation structure 16 is turned on, wherein the vortex heating wire precisely heats the bottom of the distillation crucible 19, and the spiral heating wire surrounds the outer side of the lower end of the distillation crucible 19. The dual heating method enables the liquid cadmium in the distillation crucible 19 to rapidly heat up and vaporize. Steam pretreatment: The vaporized cadmium vapor rises and passes through the labyrinth plate 20 at the top of the distillation crucible 19. It first enters the labyrinthine channel 27 through several openings 31 in the transition channel 30 of the tray body 24. The vapor is uniformly dispersed and initially removed by using the staggered openings 32 on the adjacent annular sidewalls 28. Then, it flows out of the labyrinth plate 20 from the inlet and outlet 33 on the tray cover plate 25 and enters the second tube 48 of the distillation column 17 to start the subsequent fraction separation process.

[0051] Preferably, step S3 specifically includes: Operating condition reset: After evaporation and purification are completed, inert gas is introduced into the furnace through inert gas inlet 85 to restore the pressure to atmospheric level, providing a safe environment for the stable collection of each fraction; Multi-mechanism coordinated start-up: The heating elements of the evaporation structure 16, bottom material collection mechanism 11, tail material collection mechanism 13, finished material collection mechanism 14 and head material collection mechanism 15 are activated simultaneously, and the conveying heating elements 90 in each conveying pipe are activated at the same time to ensure that each fraction remains stable during the flow process. Finished product collection: After pretreatment by the labyrinth plate 20, the cadmium vapor, mainly composed of high-purity cadmium vapor, flows upward along the distillation column 17 through the second tube 48 and enters the finished product collector 70 in the third tube 49. During this process, the spiral cooling pipe 77 on the outside of the fourth tube 50 is connected to a cooling water circulation device to cool the fourth tube 50, causing the high-purity cadmium vapor to condense into liquid in the finished product collector 70. Subsequently, the liquid finished cadmium flows through the finished product conveying pipe 75, through the finished product connecting pipe 76 of the finished product shell 71, and finally flows into the finished product crucible 72 inside the finished product shell 71. Tail material collection: The high-boiling-point impurities contained in the cadmium vapor are captured by the tail material collector 63 installed in the second tube 48 of the distillation column 17 when they flow through the tube. The tail material heating element 67 is turned on to maintain the liquid state of the tail material. The liquid tail material flows through the tail material conveying pipe 68, through the tail material connecting pipe 69 of the tail material shell 64, and into the tail material crucible 65 inside the tail material shell 64. Head material collection: A small amount of low-boiling-point impurities in cadmium vapor continue to flow upward through the fourth tube 50 and the fifth tube 51 of the distillation column 17, and are captured by the head material collector 78 set in the fifth tube 51; the head material heating element 82 is turned on to prevent the head material from solidifying, and the liquid head material flows through the head material conveying pipe 83, through the head material connecting pipe 84 of the head material shell 79, and into the head material crucible 80 inside the head material shell 79; Bottom material collection: Unvaporized molten impurities in the distillation crucible 19 flow downward under the action of gravity, through the second conveying pipe 43 at the bottom of the evaporation shell 18, through the first conveying pipe 36 connected by the flange, and finally flow into the bottom material crucible 35 in the bottom material shell 34; Fraction storage: Each fraction is temporarily stored in its corresponding crucible until the collection stage is completed.

[0052] Preferably, step S4 specifically includes: Stop heating: After each collection unit has completed the fraction capture, turn off the evaporation heating element 23, the chemical heating element 59, the tail material heating element 67, the finished product heating element 74, the head material heating element 82, and the conveying heating elements 90 in all conveying pipes; Cooling and material removal: After the furnace body and all components have cooled naturally, take out the bottom material crucible 35, the chemical material crucible 57, the tail material crucible 65, the finished material crucible 72 and the head material crucible 80 in sequence, and take out the bottom material, tail material, finished material and head material; Cyclic operation: After reinstalling the bottom material crucible 35, chemical material crucible 57, tail material crucible 65, finished material crucible 72 and head material crucible 80, repeat steps S1 to S4 to continuously carry out the semi-continuous distillation operation of cadmium.

[0053] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace characterized by, The system includes a distillation furnace body (10), a bottom material collection mechanism (11), a chemical processing mechanism (12), a tail material collection mechanism (13), a finished product collection mechanism (14), and a head material collection mechanism (15). The distillation furnace body (10) includes an evaporation structure (16) and a distillation column (17). The distillation column (17) is located on top of the evaporation structure (16) and is detachably connected to the evaporation structure (16). The distillation column (17) is connected to the evaporation structure (16). The bottom material collection mechanism (11) is located on the evaporation structure (16). The bottom is detachably connected to the evaporation structure (16). The bottom material collection mechanism (11) is connected to the evaporation structure (16). The chemical material collection mechanism (12), tail material collection mechanism (13), finished product material collection mechanism (14) and head material collection mechanism (15) are arranged sequentially from bottom to top on the outside of the distillation column (17) and are detachably connected to the distillation column (17). The chemical material collection mechanism (12), tail material collection mechanism (13), finished product material collection mechanism (14) and head material collection mechanism (15) are respectively connected to the distillation column (17).

2. A furnace for semi-continuous distillation of cadmium according to claim 1, characterized in that The evaporation structure (16) includes an evaporation shell (18), a distillation crucible (19), a labyrinth plate (20), and a clamping ring (21). The evaporation shell (18) is provided with an installation slot (22). The distillation crucible (19) is set in the installation slot (22) and is detachably connected to the installation slot (22). An evaporation heating element (23) is provided between the distillation crucible (19) and the installation slot (22). The evaporation heating element (23) is in contact with the distillation crucible (19) and is used to heat the distillation crucible (19). The labyrinth plate (20) is detachably set in the installation slot (22) and is in contact with the top of the evaporation crucible (19). The clamping ring (21) is detachably set in the installation slot (22) and one end abuts against the labyrinth plate (20) to fix the labyrinth plate (20) and the evaporation crucible (19) in the installation slot (22). The clamping ring (21) is threadedly connected to the installation slot (22).

3. A furnace according to claim 2, wherein The labyrinth tray (20) includes a tray body (24) and a tray cover plate (25). The top of the tray body (24) is provided with a receiving slot (26). The receiving slot (26) is provided with a labyrinth-shaped flow channel (27). The labyrinth-shaped flow channel (27) is composed of several concentric annular sidewalls (28). The outermost annular sidewall (28) and the sidewall of the receiving slot (26) form a buffer flow channel (29). The adjacent annular sidewalls (28) form a transition flow channel (30). Each transition flow channel (30) is provided with several openings (31). The openings (31) penetrate through the tray. The tray body (24) is connected to the evaporation crucible (19). Each annular sidewall (28) has several openings (32). The openings (32) on two adjacent annular sidewalls (28) are staggered. The tray cover plate (25) is set on the top of the tray body (24) and is detachably connected to the tray body (24) by bolts. It is used to close the labyrinth-shaped flow channel (27). The tray cover plate (25) has several inlets and outlets (33) that are connected to the buffer flow channel (29). The clamping ring (21) is sleeved on the outside of the tray cover plate (25) and abuts against the tray body (24).

4. A cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom material collection mechanism (11) includes a bottom material shell (34), a bottom material crucible (35), and a first conveying pipe (36). The bottom material crucible (35) is disposed inside the bottom material shell (34) and is detachably connected to the bottom material shell (34). An installation port (37) is provided on one side of the bottom material shell (34), through which the bottom material crucible (35) can be inserted or removed. A bottom material vacuum discharge pipe (38) is fixedly provided on one side of the bottom material shell (34), and a bottom material vacuum connection pipe (39) is fixedly provided on one side of the bottom material crucible (35). The bottom material vacuum discharge pipe (38) and the bottom material vacuum connection pipe (39) are detachably connected by a connecting sleeve (40). The connecting sleeve (40) is sleeved on the outside of the bottom material vacuum discharge pipe (38) and the bottom material vacuum connection pipe (39), and is threaded to the bottom material vacuum discharge pipe (38) and the bottom material vacuum connection pipe (39) respectively. One end of the first conveying pipe (36) passes through the top of the bottom material shell (34) and extends into the bottom material crucible (35). The first conveying pipe (36) is connected to the bottom material shell (34) and the bottom material crucible. (35) Sliding insertion, a first sealing gasket (41) is provided at the connection between the first conveying pipe (36) and the bottom material shell (34), a first connecting chuck (42) is fixed on the first conveying pipe (36), the first connecting chuck (42) is detachably connected to the top of the bottom material shell (34) by bolts, a second conveying pipe (43) is provided at the bottom of the evaporation shell (18), one end of the second conveying pipe (43) passes through the evaporation shell (18) and the distillation crucible (19), the second conveying pipe (43) is connected to the evaporation shell (18) and the bottom material shell (34) respectively. 8) The second conveying pipe (43) is slidably inserted into the distillation crucible (19). A second sealing gasket (44) is provided at the connection between the second conveying pipe (43) and the evaporation shell (18). A third sealing gasket (45) is provided at the connection between the second conveying pipe (43) and the distillation crucible (19). A second connecting chuck (46) is fixed on the second conveying pipe (43). The second connecting chuck (46) is detachably connected to the bottom of the evaporation shell (18) by bolts. The other end of the first conveying pipe (36) and the other end of the second conveying pipe (43) are connected by flanges.

5. A cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distillation column (17) includes a first tube (47), a second tube (48), a third tube (49), a fourth tube (50), a fifth tube (51), a sixth tube (52), and an evaporation cap (53). The bottom of the first tube (47) is connected to the top flange of the evaporation shell (18). One end of the second tube (48) is inserted into the top of the first tube (47) and is detachably connected to the first tube (47). One end of the third tube (49) is inserted into the top of the second tube (48) and is detachably connected to the second tube (48). One end of the fourth tube (50) is inserted into the top of the third tube (49) and is detachably connected to the third tube (49). The fifth tube (51) is inserted into the top of the fourth tube (50) and is detachably connected to the fourth tube (50). The sixth tube (52) is inserted into the top of the fifth tube (51) and is detachably connected to the fifth tube (51). The sixth tube (52) is provided with a distillation baffle (54), which is inserted into the upper part of the sixth tube (52). One end of the evaporation cap (53) is inserted into the sixth tube (52) and its end abuts against the distillation baffle (54). The evaporation cap (53) is connected to the flange of the sixth tube (52). The evaporation cap (53) is provided with a main vacuum port (55) that communicates with the sixth tube (52).

6. A cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that, The material processing mechanism (12) includes a material processing shell (56), a material processing crucible (57), and a material processing end cap (58). The material processing crucible (57) is detachably disposed inside the material processing shell (56). A material processing heating element (59) is provided between the bottom of the material processing crucible (57) and the material processing shell (56). The material processing heating element (59) contacts the bottom of the material processing crucible (57). The material processing end cap (58) is disposed on the top of the material processing shell (56) and is detachably connected to the top of the material processing shell (56) by bolts. One end of the material processing end cap (58) extends... The material is fed into the material shell (56) and abuts against the material crucible (57). The material end cap (58) is provided with a raw material inlet (60). A material conveying pipe (61) is provided on one side of the material shell (56). One end of the material conveying pipe (61) passes through the material shell (56) and the material crucible (57) and is threadedly connected to the material shell (56) and the material crucible (57) respectively. A raw material inlet pipe (62) is fixedly provided on one side of the first pipe body (47). The other end of the material conveying pipe (61) is connected to the flange of the raw material inlet pipe (62).

7. A cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tail material collection mechanism (13) includes a tail material collector (63), a tail material shell (64), a tail material crucible (65), and a tail material end cap (66). The tail material collector (63) is inserted into the second tube (48), and the end of the third tube (49) abuts against the tail material collector (63). The tail material crucible (65) is detachably installed in the tail material shell (64). A tail material heating element (67) is provided between the bottom of the tail material crucible (65) and the tail material shell (64). One side of the tail material heating element (67) contacts the bottom of the tail material crucible (65). The tail material end cap (66) is installed on the tail material shell. The top of the shell (64) is detachably connected to the top of the tail material shell (64) by bolts. A tail material conveying pipe (68) is provided on one side of the second tube (48). One end of the tail material conveying pipe (68) passes through the second tube (48) and extends into the tail material collector (63). The tail material conveying pipe (68) is threadedly connected to the second tube (48) and the tail material collector (63) respectively. A tail material connecting pipe (69) is fixedly provided on one side of the tail material shell (64). One end of the tail material connecting pipe (69) is connected to the flange of the tail material conveying pipe (68), and the other end is matched with the tail material crucible (65).

8. A cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that, The finished material collection mechanism (14) includes a finished material collector (70), a finished material shell (71), a finished material crucible (72), and a finished material end cap (73). The finished material collector (70) is inserted into the third tube (49), and the end of the fourth tube (50) abuts against the finished material collector (70). The finished material crucible (72) is detachably installed inside the finished material shell (71). A finished material heating element (74) is provided between the bottom of the finished material crucible (72) and the finished material shell (71). One side of the finished material heating element (74) contacts the bottom of the finished material crucible (72). The finished material end cap (73) is installed on the top of the finished material shell (71) and is attached to the top of the finished material shell (71). The parts are detachably connected by bolts. The third tube (49) is provided with a finished material conveying pipe (75) on one side. One end of the finished material conveying pipe (75) passes through the third tube (49) and extends into the finished material collector (70). The finished material conveying pipe (75) is threadedly connected to the third tube (49) and the finished material collector (70) respectively. The finished material shell (71) is fixedly provided with a finished material connecting pipe (76) on one side. One end of the finished material connecting pipe (76) is connected to the flange of the finished material conveying pipe (75), and the other end is matched with the finished material crucible (72). The fourth tube (50) is fixedly provided with a spiral cooling pipe (77) on the outside. The spiral cooling pipe (77) can be connected to an external cooling water circulation device.

9. A cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that, The waste collection mechanism (15) includes a waste collector (78), a waste shell (79), a waste crucible (80), and a waste end cap (81). The waste collector (78) is inserted into the fifth tube (51), and the end of the sixth tube (52) abuts against the waste collector (78). The waste crucible (80) is detachably disposed inside the waste shell (79). A waste heating element (82) is provided between the bottom of the waste crucible (80) and the waste shell (79). One side of the waste heating element (82) contacts the bottom of the waste crucible (80). The waste end cap (81) is disposed on the waste shell. The top of the shell (79) is detachably connected to the top of the head material shell (79) by bolts. A head material conveying pipe (83) is provided on one side of the fifth tube (51). One end of the head material conveying pipe (83) passes through the fifth tube (51) and extends into the head material collector (78). The head material conveying pipe (83) is threadedly connected to the fifth tube (51) and the head material collector (78) respectively. A head material connecting pipe (84) is fixedly provided on one side of the head material shell (79). One end of the head material connecting pipe (84) is connected to the flange of the head material conveying pipe (83), and the other end is matched with the head material crucible (80).

10. A semi-continuous distillation method for cadmium, characterized in that, The application of a cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace according to any one of claims 1-9 specifically includes the following steps: Step S1: Material preparation stage; Add 4N cadmium raw material into the chemical processing mechanism (12), draw a vacuum to form a vacuum inside the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace, then fill in inert gas to restore the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace to normal pressure, then turn on the chemical processing mechanism (12) to heat the 4N cadmium raw material, so that the melted 4N cadmium raw material enters the evaporation structure (16). Step S2: Evaporation and purification stage; After all the melted 4N cadmium raw material enters the evaporation structure (16), a vacuum is drawn to form a vacuum inside the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace, and the evaporation structure (16) is turned on to evaporate and purify the 4N cadmium raw material. Step S3: Collection Phase; After the evaporation and purification stage is completed, inert gas is introduced to restore the interior of the cadmium semi-continuous distillation furnace to normal pressure. Then, the evaporation structure (16), bottom material collection mechanism (11), tail material collection mechanism (13), finished product collection mechanism (14) and head material collection mechanism (15) are turned on at the same time to heat and collect the bottom material, tail material, finished product and head material respectively. Step S4: Shutdown phase; After collection is complete, turn off all heating and allow it to cool before removing the bottom material, tail material, finished material, and head material. Repeating steps S1 to S4 completes the semi-continuous distillation of cadmium.

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