Construction method for low barrel type foundation of breakwater head

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of barrel type foundation construction, and discloses a construction method of a low barrel type foundation of a breakwater head, which comprises the following steps: S1, connecting a heightening bracket with the barrel type foundation through a remote controllable locking mechanism; s2, the barrel type foundation connected with the heightening support is lowered, and a negative pressure water pumping system is started to enable the barrel type foundation to sink to the designed elevation; s3, acquiring state data related to the penetration construction process through a sensor; s4, whether the state data meet a preset unlocking condition or not is judged through the PLC module, and if yes, an unlocking instruction is remotely sent to a locking mechanism, so that the heightening support is separated from the barrel type foundation; and S5, the heightening support separated from the barrel type foundation is integrally recycled. The remote controllable locking mechanism is arranged, and the PLC module performs automatic control according to the preset cooperative unlocking logic, so that the intrinsic safety level of the whole construction method is greatly improved, and the recovery operation is no longer a high-risk link in the whole project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of barrel foundation construction technology, specifically a construction method for a low barrel foundation at the head of a breakwater. Background Technology

[0002] As a new type of marine engineering foundation, barrel foundations have been increasingly widely used in ports, offshore wind power, offshore platforms, and submarine pipelines due to their advantages such as minimal disturbance to the seabed and convenient construction. Especially in complex sea conditions with great water depth or soft soil such as silt, barrel foundations can make full use of the strength of the surface soft soil, demonstrating unique advantages.

[0003] For steel bucket foundations in marine engineering, on the one hand, structures such as suction anchors do not have an upper structure above water; on the other hand, while structures such as suction anchor jackets do have an upper structure above water (jacket), due to their application in deep water, the power supply and control systems of the construction equipment are usually located on the main construction vessel, such as a crane vessel. The bucket foundation installation is carried out by connecting the ship's part and the underwater part via composite cables. Precast concrete bucket foundations for water transport engineering, represented by wharves and breakwaters, have the structural characteristic of an upper cylinder above water, and their application depth is generally no more than 25m. The power supply and control systems are usually integrated into the top platform of the bucket foundation, thereby minimizing the length and damage risk of underwater cables. Compared to the bucket foundation construction equipment used in water transport engineering, the construction equipment for bucket foundations in marine engineering has higher technical requirements. Therefore, the construction technology for bucket foundations in water transport engineering is an innovation aimed at reducing construction costs due to its structural characteristics.

[0004] Compared to traditional foundation types such as riprap breakwaters, caissons, and pile foundations, precast concrete barrel foundations offer significant technical and economic advantages in the construction of breakwaters on silty seabeds. To prevent erosion at the breakwater head, a low-lying barrel with an out-of-water top is typically installed at the head, along with soft sluices and riprap for bottom protection. While similar equipment to that used for marine engineering barrel foundations can be introduced for both above-water and underwater installations, this method is costly and requires two separate sets of equipment, unlike the equipment used for other non-breakwater barrel foundations. Therefore, this invention proposes the introduction of a support frame, where a temporary steel truss is pre-installed on top of the low-lying barrel foundation to facilitate the subsequent erection of above-water platforms and the implementation of negative pressure pumping. This allows for the installation of both the low-lying barrel foundation and other non-breakwater barrel foundations to be completed using a single set of equipment. This support frame is lowered and sunk to the predetermined position on the seabed along with the barrel foundation. After the bucket foundation is installed and reinforced, the extension bracket, as a temporary tool, needs to be removed from the bucket foundation and recycled to facilitate the subsequent main construction.

[0005] However, existing methods for recovering such extension supports have serious technical limitations, accompanied by significant safety hazards and efficiency bottlenecks. Conventional construction methods typically use high-strength bolts to rigidly connect the extension supports to the bucket foundation. During recovery, divers must be dispatched to the deep seabed to perform intensive loosening and disassembly of the bolts underwater. This method, which relies entirely on manual underwater operations, places divers in a harsh environment with high pressure, low visibility, and complex and variable currents, making the operation extremely difficult and prone to safety accidents, posing a serious threat to the lives of construction workers.

[0006] Meanwhile, this traditional method also exhibits inherent drawbacks in terms of construction efficiency and project reliability. Divers' underwater working time is strictly limited and extremely sensitive to weather and sea conditions; any adverse factor can lead to prolonged shutdowns of the entire recovery operation, severely impacting the turnaround rate of expensive equipment such as large offshore crane vessels and introducing significant uncertainty into the overall project schedule. Furthermore, even if the bolts are successfully removed, the support structure and bucket foundation may be difficult to separate due to the adhesion of silt or the adsorption of water pressure, further increasing the difficulty and time cost of recovery.

[0007] More critically, existing technologies suffer from inherent flaws in their control logic. The timing for unlocking and retrieving the extension supports is typically based solely on the completion of processes like negative pressure sag, lacking objective, real-time data-driven verification of the final installation state of the bucket foundation. This is an open-loop, experience-dependent construction model that cannot guarantee the retrieval operation is only performed after the bucket foundation has truly reached physical stability. If the extension supports, which serve as temporary supports, are hastily removed before the bucket foundation is fully stable, it could cause irreversible negative impacts on the bucket foundation's attitude and load-bearing capacity, posing a serious safety hazard to the entire marine engineering structure. This lack of reliable assurance and closed-loop verification of construction quality undermines the technology. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a construction method for a low-profile barrel foundation at the head of a breakwater. This method solves the problems of high safety risks and low construction efficiency caused by relying on underwater manual disassembly by divers when retrieving and elevating the support frame of the barrel foundation, as well as potential engineering quality hazards caused by the lack of objective data verification of the final installation state of the barrel foundation.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a construction method for a low-profile barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater, comprising the following steps: S1. Pre-installation steps: Connect the extension bracket to the barrel foundation using a remotely controllable locking mechanism; the remotely controllable locking mechanism adopts a wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism, which achieves self-locking through a mechanical wedge structure without hydraulic power. S2. Sinking Construction Steps: Lower the barrel foundation connected to the extension support, using the same construction techniques as those used for standard height barrel foundations in this breakwater project. Start the negative pressure pumping system to sink the barrel foundation to the design elevation. Simultaneously, the PLC module executes safety interlock logic, i.e., it monitors the operating status of the negative pressure pumping system in real time. When the negative pressure pumping system is detected to be in operation, the locking mechanism is forcibly locked to maintain a self-locking state, blocking all unlocking commands. S3, Status Awareness Step: Real-time acquisition of status data related to the sinking and penetration construction process through sensors; S4. Collaborative unlocking step: The PLC module determines whether the status data meets the preset unlocking conditions. If it does, an unlocking command is remotely sent to the locking mechanism to separate the extension bracket from the barrel foundation. S5. Recycling Step: Recycle the entire extension bracket after it has been separated from the barrel foundation. The recycling process specifically includes an active non-destructive separation sub-step and an overall hoisting sub-step: After confirming that the locking mechanism is released, the PLC module controls the reverse micro hydraulic circuit to apply an instantaneous hydraulic pulse to the micro separation piston configured in the locking mechanism, driving the micro separation piston to generate thrust, actively forming a physical separation gap between the support bracket and the barrel foundation, eliminating the sticky force on the contact surface, and then carrying out overall hoisting.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the heightening bracket includes: The strut, as a horizontal steel pipe in the middle, is used to connect the steel pipes on both sides; Uprights, which are installed on both sides of the support rod, are used to erect the overall support frame; Diagonal bracing, installed at an angle between uprights, is used to stabilize the uprights. A limiting steel pipe is installed on one side of the outer wall of the upright, a lifting lug is installed on the other side of the outer wall of the upright, an air flotation platform is installed on the top of the upright, buckle support feet are installed at the bottom of the outer two uprights, wide support feet are installed at the bottom of the inner two uprights, and multiple water pump cups are opened at the bottom of the upright.

[0011] Preferably, both the snap-on support legs and the wide support legs are limited by positioning steel plates and then installed by a remotely controllable locking mechanism; The remotely controllable locking mechanism includes a fixed plate, a hydraulic rod inside the fixed plate, a slide plate fixed to the output end of the hydraulic rod, symmetrical sliding rods fixed to the bottom of the slide plate, sliders sliding on the outer walls of the sliding rods, and locking buckles fixed on opposite sides of the sliders; a miniature separation piston assembly is embedded inside the fixed plate. The locking buckle and the slider cooperate to form a wedge-shaped self-locking structure, and the mechanism integrates a miniature separation piston for performing active separation and a matching reverse miniature hydraulic circuit.

[0012] Preferably, the buckle support foot is equipped with a remotely controllable locking mechanism, and a PLC module is installed inside the air flotation platform. The remotely controllable locking mechanism is connected to the PLC module.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the remotely controllable locking mechanism is a wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism, which maintains the locking state through mechanical self-locking when there is no hydraulic pressure.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the sensor includes: A pressure sensor is used to detect the real-time pressure within the hydraulic chamber of the locking mechanism; An attitude sensor is used to detect the final attitude of the bucket foundation after it has landed, i.e., the tilt angle in three-dimensional space. Bottom pressure sensor is used to detect the contact pressure between the bottom of the bucket foundation and the seabed.

[0015] Preferably, the attitude sensor and the bottom pressure sensor are used to determine whether the bucket foundation has reached a physically stable state, and the determination logic is specifically calculated using the following mathematical logic expression: ; In the formula, The maximum tilt angle of the bucket foundation is measured in real time by the attitude sensor. The maximum allowable tilt angle threshold for engineering design. The bottoming pressure value is measured in real time by the bottoming pressure sensor. The stable bed pressure threshold determined for engineering design. For logical AND operator.

[0016] Preferably, in step S4, the preset unlocking conditions include: a) Process termination condition: The operating status of the negative pressure pumping system is detected as stopped; b) Installation posture qualification condition: The final landing tilt angle of the barrel foundation, as measured by the posture sensor, is less than or equal to a preset maximum allowable tilt angle value; c) Foundation bearing stability condition: The contact pressure between the bottom of the barrel foundation and the seabed, as measured by the bottom pressure sensor, is greater than or equal to a preset stable pressure threshold, and this state has been maintained for a preset duration.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4, the PLC module determines whether the status data meets the preset unlocking conditions for unlocking authorization logic. The calculation is based on the following mathematical logic expression: ; In the formula, For logical NOT operator, This indicates the operating status of the negative pressure pumping system. For a barrel foundation to be in a physically stable state; only when The unlock command is only authorized to be executed when the result of the operation is true.

[0018] This invention provides a construction method for a low-profile, barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater. It offers the following advantages: 1. This invention, by setting a wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism, ensures inherent safety during the sinking process by utilizing the mechanical self-locking characteristics, and will not cause connection failure even in the event of a power failure; and combined with active non-destructive separation technology, it uses hydraulic pulses to overcome the strong viscosity and negative pressure adsorption in the deep water silt environment, solving the problem of difficulty in lifting or large lifting disturbance after simple unlocking in traditional methods.

[0019] 2. This invention constructs a state perception step based on real-time data from multiple sensors and establishes a collaborative unlocking step centered on a multi-dimensional state matrix. This eliminates the reliance on manual estimation and lengthy preparation time for determining the unlocking timing. Based on the actual physical state of the barrel foundation and the completion signal of the process flow, it enables precise, real-time automatic judgment and instantaneous unlocking. This significantly reduces downtime caused by waiting for diver operation windows or poor weather and sea conditions, while avoiding recovery delays due to sluggishness. As a result, it improves the turnaround efficiency of large offshore vessels and equipment and enhances the reliability of construction plans.

[0020] 3. This invention introduces sensing elements such as attitude sensors and bottom pressure sensors, and forcibly binds the unlocking operation to the physical stability state of the bucket foundation calculated from the data of these sensors. This changes the unlocking control from a simple process completion judgment to a higher dimension of confirming the quality of the project. This ensures that the recovery action can only be performed after confirming that the bucket foundation has been safely and stably installed. This avoids potential engineering hazards caused by premature removal of supports due to foundation instability. Thus, the construction process is upgraded from an open-loop operation that relies on experience to a precise control that relies on objective data for self-verification, which greatly improves the reliability and traceability of construction quality. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the construction method steps of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front side of the extension bracket of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the right side of the extension bracket of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the remotely controllable locking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the top plane of the extension bracket of the present invention.

[0022] The components include: 1. Support rod; 2. Upright pole; 3. Diagonal brace; 4. Limiting steel pipe; 5. Lifting lug; 6. Air-floating platform; 7. Positioning steel plate; 8. Remotely controllable locking mechanism; 81. Fixing plate; 82. Hydraulic rod; 83. Slide plate; 84. Slide rod; 85. Slider; 86. Locking buckle; 87. Miniature separation piston assembly; 9. Snap-on support foot; 10. Wide support foot; 11. Water pump cup. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 5 This invention provides a construction method for a low-profile barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater, comprising the following steps: S1. Pre-installation steps: Connect the extension bracket to the barrel foundation through a remotely controllable locking mechanism; the remotely controllable locking mechanism adopts a wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism, which achieves self-locking through a mechanical wedge structure without hydraulic power. S2. Sinking Construction Steps: Lower the barrel foundation connected to the extension support, and adopt the same construction process as when installing standard height barrel foundations in this breakwater project. Start the negative pressure pumping system to sink the barrel foundation to the design elevation. During this process, the PLC module executes the safety interlock logic: monitor the operating status of the negative pressure pumping system in real time. When the negative pressure pumping system is detected to be in operation, the locking mechanism is forcibly locked to maintain a self-locking state, blocking all unlocking commands. S3, Status Awareness Step: Real-time acquisition of status data related to the sinking construction process through sensors; S4. Collaborative unlocking steps: The PLC module determines whether the status data meets the preset unlocking conditions. If it does, an unlocking command is sent remotely to the locking mechanism to separate the extension bracket from the barrel foundation. S5. Recycling Step: The extension bracket, after being separated from the barrel foundation, is recycled as a whole. The recycling specifically includes an active non-destructive separation sub-step and an overall hoisting sub-step: After confirming that the locking mechanism is released, the PLC module controls the reverse micro-hydraulic circuit to apply an instantaneous hydraulic pulse to the micro-separation piston configured in the locking mechanism, driving the micro-separation piston to generate thrust. This actively creates a physical separation gap between the extension bracket and the barrel foundation, eliminating the adhesive force on the contact surface, followed by overall hoisting. Step S1 in the above scheme includes the following technical details: Specifically, step S1 is the foundation for all subsequent automated collaborative operations of this invention. Its core purpose is to complete the reliable connection between the extension bracket and the barrel foundation at the physical level, the sensor integration at the perception level, and the system initialization at the control level. The specific implementation method is as follows.

[0025] First, on a land-based base or dedicated preparation site, the extension support structure to be used for construction is functionally constructed and modified. Preferably, the main structure of this extension support structure consists of struts 1, uprights 2, and diagonal braces 3 connected by connectors to form a stable steel pipe truss structure. Its specific geometric dimensions are determined based on the specifications of the target bucket foundation and the dimensions of the subsequent air-floating platform 6, to ensure sufficient structural strength and installation compatibility.

[0026] To achieve the remote collaborative unlocking function of this invention, a key technological innovation in this step is the abandonment of the bolt fastening method used in traditional construction methods. Instead, a remotely controllable locking mechanism 8 is installed at the snap-fit ​​support feet 9 at the bottom of the extension bracket, which connect to the bucket foundation. This locking mechanism is a wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism. This mechanism has a mechanical self-locking characteristic, meaning that without applying any hydraulic power, its internal mechanical structure (the specific mechanical structure can be found in the description of the remotely controllable locking mechanism 8 below) can keep the jaws in a fully clamped locked state. This feature aims to fundamentally ensure that the connection between the extension bracket and the bucket foundation maintains absolute physical reliability throughout the complex dynamic processes of hoisting, transportation, and subsequent sinking of the extension bracket, eliminating the risk of accidental separation due to power failure.

[0027] To achieve accurate perception of the system status in subsequent step S3 and intelligent judgment of unlocking conditions in step S4, this pre-installation step also includes the integrated installation of multi-source sensors. Specifically: Each wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism integrates a pressure sensor within its hydraulic chamber. This sensor monitors real-time pressure changes within the hydraulic chamber, accurately relaying information to the PLC module to determine whether the jaws are in a high-pressure clamping state, a pressure-releasing state, or a state of zero-pressure complete unlocking. This is a necessary prerequisite for achieving closed-loop feedback control of the subsequent unlocking action.

[0028] Simultaneously, attitude sensors are installed at key structural locations on the bucket foundation or extension support. Preferably, the attitude sensor is a dual-axis inclinometer, used to monitor the lateral and longitudinal tilt angles of the bucket foundation in real time after final placement in subsequent steps.

[0029] In addition, bottom pressure sensors were installed at the bottom edge of the barrel foundation to detect whether the barrel foundation came into contact with the seabed in subsequent steps and to determine whether its final pressure-bearing state had reached stability.

[0030] After completing the installation of the aforementioned mechanisms and sensors, this step also includes gathering, securing, and bundling all hydraulic lines (including the main hydraulic line for unlocking and the pulse loop hydraulic line for active separation) and the signal cables of all sensors (pressure sensors, attitude sensors, and bottom pressure sensors) on the elevated support structure to form an integrated cable bundle. This integrated design greatly simplifies subsequent deployment and retrieval operations at sea, reducing the risk of pipeline snagging or damage in complex marine environments.

[0031] This only requires physical pre-installation. The completed extension bracket is hoisted onto the top of the bucket foundation using lifting equipment. After being aligned with the preset anchor points, it is lowered. Due to its mechanical self-locking characteristics, the wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism automatically engages and locks itself upon contact with the anchor points of the bucket foundation, requiring no external power intervention. This makes operation simple and the connection reliable.

[0032] Step S2 in the above scheme includes the following technical details: Specifically, step S2, the sinking construction step, aims to safely and accurately drive the bucket foundation to the design elevation of the seabed, and in this process, ensure the absolute reliability of the connection between the extension support and the bucket foundation through the method of this invention. The specific implementation of this step is as follows: After completing the land-based pre-installation and system initialization in step S1, the entire assembly of the stable barrel foundation and the extension support will be transported to the designated work site in the sea area by a surface engineering vessel.

[0033] The assembly was lowered smoothly using a lifting device until the bottom of the bucket foundation contacted the silty seabed. During this process, the PLC module monitored the attitude and position of the assembly in real time.

[0034] Once the assembly is accurately positioned, the operators activate the negative pressure pumping system connected to the barrel foundation. The system then pumps out the water inside the barrel foundation, using the pressure difference to allow the foundation to sink steadily into the seabed under its own weight and the negative pressure.

[0035] When the physical construction process begins, the PLC module synchronously executes a series of preset automated monitoring and locking operations, specifically: The PLC module monitors the operating status of the negative pressure pumping system in real time through a preset signal interface. Once it detects that the system has switched from a stopped state to an operating state, the PLC module will immediately perform internal storage and calculations to generate a multi-dimensional construction status matrix. It is dynamically updated.

[0036] ; In the formula, This indicates the operating status of the negative pressure pumping system; 1 means running, and 0 means stopped. The hydraulic jaws are locked. This represents the physically stable state of the barrel foundation.

[0037] Specifically, the system will use the state variables representing the operating status of the negative pressure pumping system. The value is updated from the initial 0 (representing stop) to 1 (representing run).

[0038] Most importantly, accompanied by state variables Upon update, the system will automatically activate a core process safety interlock logic to ensure the safety of the connection between the extension support and the bucket foundation during the dynamic and stress-complex sinking process.

[0039] The safety interlock logic is embedded in the PLC module's program. Its core rule is: as long as the negative pressure pumping system is running, the PLC module will cut off the output path of the unlocking command for the locking mechanism from the software level and continuously send a confirmation signal to the locking mechanism to maintain self-locking. This logic aims to prevent accidental unlocking due to operator error, signal interference, or system misjudgment. Unlike traditional vacuum adsorption or electromagnetic adsorption, the wedge-shaped self-locking structure of this invention relies on mechanical interlocking force to bear the load at this stage. The interlock logic is designed to prevent accidental unlocking by the hydraulic system, thus forming a dual safety barrier of mechanical self-locking + software interlocking. To ensure the absolute reliability of the above-mentioned safety interlocking logic, this embodiment employs a redundant design in the hardware connection: The motor control cabinet of the negative pressure pumping system is equipped with an operating status feedback contact. The signal from this contact is directly connected to the high-speed digital input terminal of the PLC module via hardwiring, bypassing any intermediate communication gateway. The PLC program includes a first-priority interlocking block; if a high level is detected at the DI terminal, this interlocking block will directly cut off the power supply circuit to the unlocking coil of the solenoid valve of the locking mechanism. This three-level protection system ensures the flawless operation of the pumping system.

[0040] The negative pressure pumping system will continue to operate until the penetration depth of the bucket foundation reaches the elevation required by the engineering design. The entire penetration construction step S2 is completed here, providing the physical basis and system status of the completed penetration for the subsequent step S3.

[0041] Step S3 in the above scheme includes the following technical details: Specifically, step S3 is performed by a multi-source heterogeneous sensor array pre-set on the support bracket and the barrel foundation. This sensor array works together to construct a complete, multi-dimensional digital profile of the barrel foundation installation status.

[0042] Specifically, the sensor array preferably includes a pressure sensor, an attitude sensor, and a bottoming pressure sensor. Each sensor performs a different sensing task, and their data together constitute the basis for determining whether the unlocking conditions are met.

[0043] To ensure precise closed-loop feedback verification of the remotely controllable locking mechanism's operational status, a pressure sensor is integrated into the hydraulic chamber of each wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism. This pressure sensor monitors real-time changes in fluid pressure within the hydraulic chamber. Using this pressure data, the PLC module can determine not only whether the locking mechanism is in a locked or unlocked state, but also whether it is in a fully locked, high-pressure stable state, undergoing a pressure unloading dynamic process while executing an unlocking command, or in a zero-pressure or low-pressure state where unlocking has been completed. This precise status feedback is a crucial technical guarantee for ensuring that the coordinated unlocking command in step S4 is executed reliably and accurately, rather than simply being considered complete upon command issuance.

[0044] To objectively and quantitatively evaluate the final installation quality of the bucket foundation, an attitude sensor was used in this embodiment. This attitude sensor is a dual-axis inclinometer, installed at a key structural location that accurately reflects the overall attitude of the bucket foundation. The attitude sensor is used to detect in real time the final attitude of the bucket foundation in three-dimensional space after settling, particularly its lateral and longitudinal tilt angles. These tilt angles are core indicators for measuring whether the installation is vertical and meets engineering design specifications; the monitoring data is the direct input for subsequent judgment of whether the installation attitude is qualified.

[0045] To ensure a stable and effective contact and bearing capacity between the barrel foundation and the silty seabed, a bottom pressure sensor is also installed in this embodiment. This sensor is typically located at the bottom edge of the barrel foundation and is used to detect the normal contact pressure between the bottom of the barrel foundation and the seabed in real time. In soft soil foundations such as silt, gravity contact alone may not guarantee the long-term stability of the foundation. Therefore, by monitoring whether this contact pressure reaches and remains above a stable threshold, it is possible to effectively determine whether the barrel foundation has overcome the buoyancy effect of the bottom silt and achieved a stable bearing capacity, thus providing crucial data support for judging the stability of the foundation.

[0046] For data acquisition and transmission, the signal cables of all the aforementioned sensors are integrated with the hydraulic lines of the locking mechanism and bundled together to form an integrated cable bundle. This cable bundle is uniformly led out from the underwater equipment and connected to the PLC module on the surface construction platform. This integrated design simplifies the management of underwater pipelines, reduces the risk of snagging or damage during construction, and provides the PLC module with a stable and centralized data uplink channel.

[0047] After receiving the continuous data streams from the various sensors mentioned above, the PLC module not only stores and displays the data, but more importantly, it performs data fusion processing and logical judgment based on its built-in algorithms. Specifically, to determine whether the barrel foundation has reached a physically stable state, the PLC module uses data from the attitude sensor and the bottom pressure sensor to perform real-time, continuous calculations and judgments using the following mathematical logic expression: ; In the formula, It is a Boolean logic variable that characterizes the physical stability of a barrel foundation. When its value is true (i.e., 1), it means that the physical state is stable and qualified. This represents the absolute value of the maximum tilt angle of the bucket foundation, measured in real time by the attitude sensor. The maximum tilt angle threshold preset in the engineering design specifications that allows for the existence of bucket foundations is a qualified standard for measuring the verticality of the installation. The contact pressure value between the bottom of the barrel foundation and the seabed is measured in real time by the bottom pressure sensor. The pressure threshold determined in engineering design based on geotechnical parameters and structural weight, marking that the bucket foundation has reached a stable pressure-bearing state; The AND operator indicates that the expression requires both the tilt angle condition and the pressure condition to be satisfied simultaneously.

[0048] By performing this state awareness step, this method transforms the construction state, which originally relied on underwater observation or indirect inference by divers, into a precise digital state that is quantifiable and automatically determined by multi-source data. This provides the necessary and sufficient decision-making premise for safe, reliable, and intelligent collaborative unlocking in step S4.

[0049] Step S4 in the above scheme includes the following technical details: Specifically, the collaborative unlocking step in step S4 is a key technical link in realizing unmanned and intelligent recycling in this invention. Its core lies in the real-time fusion analysis of multi-source and heterogeneous status data through the PLC module, and the final unlocking decision based on a rigorous multi-dimensional logic model, thereby replacing traditional manual judgment and underwater operation.

[0050] When executing this collaborative unlocking step, the PLC module does not simply receive an external unlocking command. Instead, it acts as an intelligent decision-making center, proactively and continuously executing a pre-defined, self-consistent judgment and authorization process. This process aims to ensure that the unlocking action meets the dual safety and quality prerequisites of construction process termination and project entity qualification.

[0051] In the collaborative unlocking step, the PLC module first needs to process and judge the status data related to the sinking construction process, which is acquired in real time from step S3. The status data is multi-dimensional, including at least process status data reflecting the progress of the construction technology, and physical status data reflecting the final installation quality of the bucket foundation.

[0052] For process status data, the PLC module monitors the operating status of the negative pressure pumping system in real time. This is the first basic judgment for unlocking decisions, and its purpose is to ensure that any unlocking operation cannot be carried out while the tank foundation is still in a dynamic settlement or reinforcement process, thereby fundamentally avoiding safety accidents caused by process conflicts.

[0053] Furthermore, to achieve precise and reliable control over the unlocking timing, this invention introduces a quantitative determination of the final physical stability state of the barrel foundation. The PLC module integrates in-depth analysis capabilities of data from the attitude sensor and bottoming pressure sensor. It does not simply list sensor readings, but rather transforms discrete sensor data into a definite, Boolean-type physical stability state judgment result through a built-in mathematical logic model. This judgment logic is the same as that disclosed in the technical solution of step S3.

[0054] Based on this, the PLC module integrates the judgments at the two levels mentioned above to construct a more rigorous, multi-dimensional unlocking and authorization logic. Only when the final calculation result of this authorization logic is true will the unlocking command be finally authorized for execution by the system. This unlocking and authorization logic is specifically calculated based on the following mathematical expression: ; In the formula, The final state for unlocking authorization; This represents the operating status of the negative pressure pumping system. The status is read as true when the system is running and false when it is stopped. This is the physical stability state of the barrel foundation calculated above; The NOT operator is used. This formula clearly shows that unlocking authorization requires three core conditions to be met simultaneously: the negative pressure pumping system has stopped, and the physical condition of the tank foundation has been confirmed as stable and acceptable.

[0055] If and only if the PLC module calculates... Only when the result is true will the module remotely send an unlocking command to the remotely controllable locking mechanism installed on the elevation bracket.

[0056] The S5 step in the above scheme includes the following technical details: Specifically, step S5 is the final operation stage automatically triggered by the PLC module and coordinated with manual operation on the water surface, following the successful completion of the collaborative unlocking step in step S4. The aim is to safely, without damage, and efficiently recover the unlocked extension support from the barrel foundation. The specific implementation method is as follows: First, an active non-destructive separation step is performed. The trigger condition for this step is that, in step S4, the PLC module has not only authorized and sent an unlocking command, but also received and confirmed in real time, through the pressure sensor built into the remotely controllable locking mechanism, namely the wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism, a feedback signal that the locking mechanism has been completely released.

[0057] Specifically, after confirming that the mechanical connection between the extension bracket and the barrel foundation has been completely released, the PLC module immediately and automatically executes a preset active separation program. This program controls a dedicated reverse micro hydraulic circuit to apply a momentary, low-pressure hydraulic pulse to one or more micro separation pistons integrated within the locking mechanism; In practice, the PLC controls the solenoid valve to open and close 3-5 times consecutively at 0.5-1.0 second intervals. This operation generates a small-amplitude, high-frequency vibration impact at the interface between the support bracket and the barrel foundation. This vibration impact effectively reduces the thixotropic viscosity of the sludge, converting the static friction force at the contact surface into a smaller dynamic friction force. Combined with the physical pushing of the miniature piston, this disrupts the vacuum adsorption effect with minimal energy consumption without disturbing the barrel foundation's foundation.

[0058] The hydraulic pulse drives a miniature separation piston to extend, generating a slight but sufficient vertical upward thrust to overcome the viscous forces at the contact surface. This thrust acts on the interface between the support frame and the barrel foundation, instantly disrupting the vacuum adsorption effect and adhesive forces generated by the silt, actively creating a physical separation gap between the two. This process avoids the problem of the support frame causing the foundation to sway, which can occur with traditional methods of direct forced lifting, ensuring the stability of the foundation at the moment of separation.

[0059] After completing the above active non-destructive separation steps, the overall hoisting sub-step is performed.

[0060] After confirming that the active separation procedure has been completed, the PLC module immediately sends a clear visual or audible permission signal for hoisting to the operating platform of the surface recovery vessel through its human-machine interface.

[0061] The operators on the surface recovery vessel may only commence lifting operations after receiving this permission signal. The operators manipulate the vessel's lifting equipment to engage the hook with the specially designed lifting lugs pre-installed on the top of the extension support.

[0062] Finally, after ensuring that the connection is secure and reliable, the lifting equipment is started to lift the extension bracket, which is completely separated from the bucket foundation and in a free state, smoothly and vertically off the water surface until it is completely recovered onto the deck of the recovery vessel. At this point, the entire recovery process is complete.

[0063] In step S1, the heightening bracket includes: Support rod 1, as the middle horizontal steel pipe, is used to connect the steel pipes on both sides; Upright pole 2 is installed on both sides of support pole 1 and is used to erect the overall support frame; Diagonal brace 3 is installed at an angle between uprights 2 to stabilize the uprights 2. A limiting steel pipe 4 is installed on one side of the outer wall of the upright 2, a lifting lug 5 is installed on the other side of the outer wall of the upright 2, an air flotation platform 6 is installed on the top of the upright 2, buckle support feet 9 are installed at the bottom of the upright 2 on both outer sides, and wide support feet 10 are installed at the bottom of the upright 2 on both inner sides. Multiple water pump cups 11 are opened at the bottom of the upright 2. Both the snap-on support leg 9 and the wide support leg 10 are limited by the positioning steel plate 7 and then installed by the remotely controllable locking mechanism 8; The remotely controllable locking mechanism 8 includes a fixed plate 81, a hydraulic rod 82 is provided inside the fixed plate 81, a slide plate 83 is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic rod 82, and left and right symmetrical slide rods 84 are fixed to the bottom of the slide plate 83. Sliding blocks 85 slide on the outer wall of each slide rod 84, and locking buckles 86 are fixed on opposite sides of each sliding block 85. A miniature separation piston assembly 87 is embedded inside the fixed plate 81. The latch support 9 is equipped with a remotely controllable locking mechanism, and the air flotation platform 6 is equipped with a PLC module. The remotely controllable locking mechanism is connected to the PLC module.

[0064] Specifically, the main frame of the extension support is constructed from multiple struts 1, uprights 2, and diagonal braces 3 connected by connectors. The uprights 2 are vertically arranged along their length and width, forming the overall height and basic frame of the extension support. Struts 1 are horizontally connected between adjacent uprights 2 via connectors to connect and secure them, forming a stable frame. To further enhance the rigidity and stability of the overall structure, multiple diagonal braces 3 are also installed at an angle between the uprights 2 as reinforcing supports.

[0065] The lifting lugs 5 installed on the upper part of the four outer corner uprights 2 serve as lifting points for connecting with lifting equipment, and are used for lifting operations when the support frame is installed on land and finally recycled as a whole.

[0066] The air-floating platform 6 serves as both a construction platform and an integrated control unit carrier, housing the PLC module used in this invention. This PLC module is connected via cables to a remotely controllable locking mechanism and various sensors, forming the core control mechanism for automated collaborative construction.

[0067] To achieve a stable connection and support between the extension support and the bucket foundation, snap-fit ​​support legs 9 are installed at the bottom of the outermost upright 2, while wide support legs 10 are installed at the bottom of the innermost upright 2. The wide support legs 10 have a larger contact area and primarily serve to bear weight and distribute stress, while the snap-fit ​​support legs 9 are fixed to the bucket foundation using a remotely controllable locking mechanism. Simultaneously, multiple water pump inlets 11 are installed at the bottom of the upright 2. These inlets 11 help reduce the impact of water flow on the structure during sinking and recovery processes and facilitate the laying of water pump pipelines.

[0068] Furthermore, to ensure precise positioning and reliable connection during installation, both the snap-fit ​​support legs 9 and the wide support legs 10 are limited by the positioning steel plate 7 pre-installed on the top of the barrel foundation. During pre-installation on land, a remotely controllable locking mechanism 8 can pass through the support legs and the positioning steel plate 7 to connect and fix them, ensuring structural integrity during transportation and lowering. The specific operation process of the corresponding remotely controllable locking mechanism 8 is as follows: When locking is required, the corresponding hydraulic rod 82 is driven, which pushes the slide plate 83. At this time, the slide rod 84 and the slide plate 83 begin to move synchronously. However, the slider 85 cannot move synchronously due to the restriction of the locking buckle 86, and instead slides along the slide rod 84. This causes the two sliders 85 to move towards the middle position, thereby driving the locking buckle 86 to clamp towards the center position, and then pass through the support foot and the positioning steel plate 7 to complete the locking effect of the equipment. There is no need to manually tighten the screws. The specific operation of the corresponding hydraulic rod 82 is controlled by the PLC module. A miniature separating piston assembly 87 is embedded in the bottom surface of the fixed plate 81. This assembly includes an embedded miniature hydraulic cylinder and a pin-type piston rod. In the normal locking and sinking state, the piston rod is fully retracted into the fixed plate 81 under the action of the return spring, without interfering with the contact surface. This miniature separating piston is connected to an independent reverse miniature hydraulic circuit, which is different from the main circuit driving the main hydraulic rod 82, and is equipped with a high-frequency pulse solenoid valve. Its working logic is as follows: This independent circuit is activated only after the main hydraulic rod 82 retracts and unlocks, driving the piston rod to extend and press against the positioning steel plate 7 or the top ring beam of the barrel foundation. Regarding the self-locking mechanism of the wedge-shaped self-locking structure, this embodiment incorporates the following specific mechanical design: the wedge angle of the contact surface between the slider 85 and the locking buckle 86. Designed to be smaller than the equivalent friction angle of the materials in contact between the two. (Right now Based on this design, when the hydraulic rod 82 stops working or the hydraulic system unexpectedly loses pressure, any external force attempting to pull the extension bracket upwards (such as buoyancy or lifting force) will be converted into a sharp increase in the normal pressure between the slider 85 and the locking buckle 86, thereby generating frictional resistance greater than the pulling force. This mechanical characteristic ensures that the connecting mechanism maintains an absolute physical locking state even under extreme conditions such as power outages or oil outages, achieving inherent safety.

[0069] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of constructing a low bucket foundation for a breakwater head, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-installation steps: Connect the extension bracket to the low-profile barrel foundation of the dike head through a remotely controllable locking mechanism; The remotely controllable locking mechanism adopts a wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism, which is constructed to achieve self-locking through a mechanical wedge structure without hydraulic power, while the PLC module executes safety interlock logic. The safety interlock logic is to monitor the operating status of the negative pressure pumping system in real time. When the negative pressure pumping system is detected to be in operation, the locking mechanism is forcibly locked to maintain a self-locking state and the unlocking command is blocked. S2. Sinking and penetration construction steps: Lower the barrel foundation connected to the extension support, and adopt the same construction process as when installing the standard height barrel foundation in this breakwater project. Start the negative pressure pumping system to sink the barrel foundation to the design elevation. S3, Status Awareness Step: Real-time acquisition of status data related to the sinking and penetration construction process through sensors; S4. Collaborative unlocking step: The PLC module determines whether the status data meets the preset unlocking conditions. If it does, an unlocking command is remotely sent to the locking mechanism to separate the extension bracket from the barrel foundation. S5. Recycling Step: Recycle the entire extension bracket after it has been separated from the barrel foundation. The recycling process specifically includes an active non-destructive separation sub-step and an overall hoisting sub-step: After confirming that the locking mechanism has been released, the PLC module controls the reverse micro hydraulic circuit to apply an instantaneous hydraulic pulse to the micro separation piston configured in the locking mechanism, driving the micro separation piston to generate thrust and actively forming a physical separation gap between the support bracket and the barrel foundation, and then carrying out the overall hoisting.

2. The construction method of a low-profile barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the heightening bracket includes: The strut (1) serves as a horizontal steel pipe in the middle, used to connect the steel pipes on both sides; Upright pole (2), which is installed on both sides of the support pole (1) and is used to erect the overall support; Diagonal brace (3), which is installed at an angle between uprights (2) to stabilize the uprights (2); A limiting steel pipe (4) is installed on one side of the outer wall of the upright (2), a lifting lug (5) is installed on the other side of the outer wall of the upright (2), an air flotation platform (6) is installed on the top of the upright (2), a buckle support foot (9) is installed at the bottom of the uprights on the outer sides, a wide support foot (10) is installed at the bottom of the uprights on the inner sides, and multiple water pump cups (11) are opened at the bottom of the upright (2).

3. The construction method of a low-profile barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the buckle support (9) and the wide support (10) are limited by the positioning steel plate (7) and then installed by the remotely controllable locking mechanism (8); The remotely controllable locking mechanism (8) includes a fixed plate (81), a hydraulic rod (82) is provided inside the fixed plate (81), a slide plate (83) is fixed at the output end of the hydraulic rod (82), a left-right symmetrical slide rod (84) is fixed at the bottom of the slide plate (83), a slider (85) slides on the outer wall of the slide rod (84), and a locking buckle (86) is fixed on the opposite side of the slider (85); a miniature separation piston assembly (87) is embedded inside the fixed plate (81). The locking buckle (86) and the slider (85) cooperate to form the wedge-shaped self-locking structure, and the micro separation piston is integrated inside the mechanism.

4. The construction method of a low-profile barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buckle support (9) is equipped with a remotely controllable locking mechanism, and the air flotation platform (6) is equipped with a PLC module. The remotely controllable locking mechanism is connected to the PLC module.

5. The construction method of a low-profile barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the remotely controllable locking mechanism is a wedge-shaped self-locking hydraulic jaw mechanism, which maintains the locking state through mechanical self-locking when there is no hydraulic pressure.

6. The construction method of a low-profile barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the sensor includes: A pressure sensor is used to detect the real-time pressure within the hydraulic chamber of the locking mechanism; An attitude sensor is used to detect the final attitude of the bucket foundation after it has landed, i.e., the tilt angle in three-dimensional space. Bottom pressure sensor is used to detect the contact pressure between the bottom of the bucket foundation and the seabed.

7. The construction method of a low-profile barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater according to claim 6, characterized in that, The attitude sensor and bottom pressure sensor are used to determine whether the bucket foundation has reached a physically stable state. The determination logic is specifically calculated using the following mathematical logic expression: ； In the formula, The maximum tilt angle of the bucket foundation is measured in real time by the attitude sensor. The maximum allowable tilt angle threshold for engineering design. The bottoming pressure value is measured in real time by the bottoming pressure sensor. The stable bed pressure threshold determined for engineering design. For logical AND operator.

8. The construction method of a low-profile barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the preset unlocking conditions include: a) Process termination condition: The operating status of the negative pressure pumping system is detected as stopped; b) Installation posture qualification condition: The final landing tilt angle of the barrel foundation, as measured by the posture sensor, is less than or equal to a preset maximum allowable tilt angle value; c) Foundation bearing stability condition: The contact pressure between the bottom of the barrel foundation and the seabed, as measured by the bottom pressure sensor, is greater than or equal to a preset stable pressure threshold, and this state has been maintained for a preset duration.

9. The construction method of a low-profile barrel-type foundation at the head of a breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the PLC module determines whether the status data meets the preset unlocking conditions for unlocking authorization logic. The calculation is based on the following mathematical logic expression: ； In the formula, For logical NOT operator, This indicates the operating status of the negative pressure pumping system. For a barrel foundation to be in a physically stable state; only when The unlock command is only authorized to be executed when the result of the operation is true.

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