Gradient osmotic pressure difference acceleration test method in mass transfer process of anti-freezing material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of material testing, in particular to a gradient osmotic pressure difference acceleration testing method in the mass transfer process of an anti-freezing material, and the method comprises the following steps: forming and maintaining osmotic pressure gradients capable of driving salt migration on two sides of a test piece; the high osmotic pressure end and the low osmotic pressure end are separated, and the solution concentration of the high osmotic pressure end is adjusted according to the salt migration condition of the test piece; introducing a mass transfer resistance change mechanism with responsiveness to external environment change into a contact interface of the test piece and the low osmotic pressure end; external disturbance enabling liquid in the test piece to migrate is applied to the test piece, and salt migration performance under the disturbance condition is obtained; monitoring the time change of the salt concentration in the solution at the high osmotic pressure end, identifying characteristic change points appearing in the migration process, and obtaining a mass transfer performance evaluation result. By means of the method, the problem that a traditional salt migration testing method cannot simulate dynamic changes in the actual environment is effectively solved, and accurate and rapid evaluation of the mass transfer performance of the anti-freezing material is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of materials testing technology, and in particular to a method and system for accelerating the testing of gradient osmotic pressure difference in the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials. Background Technology

[0002] Anti-icing materials often introduce slow-release salts, antifreeze agents, or interface-regulating components into the material to slowly release effective ions during road service, thereby achieving the functions of melting ice, preventing skidding, or inhibiting ice formation. One of the key properties of such materials is the migration and release pattern of the internal salts in the actual service environment, which directly affects the anti-icing effect, duration, and service reliability of the material.

[0003] Traditional testing methods often lack sufficient mass transfer driving forces, resulting in slow salt migration rates reflected in the test results. This fails to accurately capture the migration characteristics of materials in real-world application environments. Furthermore, static testing environments cannot simulate temperature fluctuations, humidity changes, and external disturbances, which significantly limits the application of traditional methods in terms of dynamic response, migration behavior characteristics, and interface effects. Therefore, existing methods struggle to provide a true and effective evaluation of mass transfer performance, particularly failing to capture the multiple roles of internal material and interface responses in the salt migration process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a gradient osmotic pressure difference accelerated testing method for the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for accelerating the testing of gradient osmotic pressure difference in the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials, the method comprising: The specimen was placed on the side of the low-osmotic-pressure solution, and the concentration on the other side of the solution was adjusted to form and maintain an osmotic pressure gradient that could drive salt migration, thus obtaining an initial environment for mass transfer drive. The high-osmotic pressure end and the low-osmotic pressure end are separated, and the solution concentration of the high-osmotic pressure end is adjusted according to the salt migration of the specimen to obtain an interfacial environment related to the mass transfer state. A mass transfer resistance change mechanism that is responsive to changes in the external environment is introduced at the contact interface between the specimen and the low osmotic pressure end to obtain the influence characteristics of the interface resistance change on salt migration. In the interface environment, an external disturbance that causes the internal liquid of the specimen to migrate is applied to the specimen, and the salt migration performance under the disturbance condition is obtained. By monitoring the time-varying salt concentration in the high-osmotic-pressure end solution, identifying characteristic change points during migration, and combining these influencing characteristics, the mass transfer performance evaluation results are obtained.

[0006] Furthermore, in the interface environment, an external disturbance that causes liquid migration within the specimen is applied to the specimen to obtain the salt migration behavior under the disturbance conditions, including: External disturbances caused the liquid inside the specimen to begin to migrate at an accelerated rate along the pore structure, and the initial salt content changes during the accelerated migration were recorded. The change in salt migration rate over time is tracked during continuous perturbation to obtain the stage characteristics of the migration process under perturbation. Based on the initial salinity changes and stage characteristics, the migration process under perturbed conditions is compared with the migration process under undisturbed conditions to obtain the salinity migration behavior caused by perturbation.

[0007] Furthermore, the salt migration rate is calculated by continuously recording the change in salt concentration in the high osmotic pressure end solution over time, obtaining the salt migration amount based on the concentration change and solution volume, and then dividing the migration amount by the corresponding time interval.

[0008] Furthermore, the osmotic pressure gradient is achieved by adjusting at least one of the concentration, temperature, or composition of the solution on the high osmotic pressure side.

[0009] Furthermore, monitoring the temporal changes in salt concentration in the high-osmotic-pressure end solution helps identify key change points during migration, including: Collect continuous data on salt concentration changes over time to obtain the coupled change trend of the migration process; Analyze the locations of abrupt changes in the rate of salt concentration change within the coupled trend to identify migration transition behaviors; Based on the migration transition behavior, the corresponding migration stage change point is determined, and the migration stage change point is the feature change point.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass transfer performance evaluation results are obtained by combining the aforementioned influencing characteristics, including: Based on the characteristics of the impact of changes in interfacial resistance on salt migration, identify the process of migration behavior adjustment caused by changes in interfacial resistance; By analyzing the correspondence between the migration behavior adjustment process and the characteristic change points in the migration process, the dominant role of interface resistance change in the migration phase transition is determined. Based on the combined effect of changes in interfacial resistance on migration behavior characteristics, the mass transfer performance evaluation results of the specimen under interfacial control conditions were obtained.

[0011] Furthermore, the migration behavior characteristics include at least two of the following: migration rate, migration stage transition, and migration path.

[0012] Furthermore, the regulation of the interface environment includes: monitoring local fluctuations in the osmotic pressure difference at the interface, and adjusting the solution exchange rate between the high-osmotic-pressure end and the low-osmotic-pressure end based on the fluctuation characteristics.

[0013] Furthermore, the mass transfer resistance variation mechanism includes: During the mass transfer process, the response of the mass transfer resistance at the interface is triggered according to changes in the external environment; Track the impact of changes in interfacial mass transfer resistance on salt migration, and identify changes in migration rate or migration direction caused by changes in interfacial resistance. Based on the continuous change of interfacial mass transfer resistance over time, the dynamic regulatory effect of interfacial resistance on the formation of salt migration process at different stages is analyzed.

[0014] Furthermore, the method also includes: determining whether salt migration has entered a stable stage based on the stability of the salt concentration change at the high osmotic pressure end during the mass transfer process, and judging whether the combined effect of the osmotic pressure gradient, the interfacial environment, and external disturbances has reached the stable mass transfer conditions based on whether the stable stage has been entered.

[0015] The technical solution of this invention can achieve the following technical effects: It effectively solves the problem that traditional salt migration testing methods cannot simulate dynamic changes in the actual environment, and realizes accurate and rapid evaluation of the mass transfer performance of anti-icing materials.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the gradient osmotic pressure difference accelerated testing method for the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the process for obtaining the salt migration behavior under perturbation conditions; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the process of identifying feature changes that occur during migration; Figure 4A flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining mass transfer performance evaluation results by incorporating influencing characteristics; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the mechanism of mass transfer resistance variation. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0021] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a gradient osmotic pressure difference accelerated testing method for the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials, the method comprising: S1: Place the specimen on the side of the low osmotic pressure solution and adjust the concentration on the other side of the solution to form and maintain an osmotic pressure gradient that can drive salt migration, thus obtaining the initial environment for mass transfer drive. Specifically, firstly, the test specimen is placed at the low osmotic pressure end. To ensure that the low osmotic pressure environment provides the most stable and significant osmotic pressure difference, this embodiment preferably uses deionized water or a diluted electrolyte solution with extremely low ionic strength as the low osmotic pressure end solution. Such solutions can minimize the initial background ion concentration, ensuring that the salts inside the specimen are in a state of high migration driving force at the start of the test. Subsequently, a high osmotic pressure end solution is placed on the other side of the specimen. To achieve a continuous and effective osmotic pressure difference drive, this embodiment preferably uses an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, or magnesium chloride as the high osmotic pressure end solution, wherein the concentration is... The range of osmotic pressure can be selected according to the salt content inside the specimen and the required migration sensitivity. In order to ensure that the osmotic pressure difference remains constant or within a preset range throughout the migration process, a liquid replenishment device can be set at the high osmotic pressure end. By replenishing the pre-prepared high osmotic pressure solution, the solution concentration remains constant, avoiding the decrease in driving force due to the release of salt from the specimen or dilution of the solution. In this way, one side of the specimen can always be in a low osmotic pressure environment, while the other side maintains a stable high osmotic pressure environment, thereby forming an osmotic pressure gradient on both sides that is sufficient to drive the migration of salt. This gradient constitutes the necessary initial condition for starting the accelerated mass transfer test of this invention.

[0022] S2: Separate the high-osmotic pressure end and the low-osmotic pressure end, and adjust the solution concentration of the high-osmotic pressure end according to the salt migration of the specimen to obtain the interfacial environment related to the mass transfer state. Specifically, to ensure that the high-osmotic pressure end and the low-osmotic pressure end maintain independent liquid environments during the test, a separation structure that prevents direct mixing of solutions can be set between the two ends. This structure must have the characteristics of solvent passage while solute diffusion is restricted, so that the specimen is always exposed to the low-osmotic pressure liquid, while the high-osmotic pressure liquid can form a stable mass transfer interface with the specimen on the other side. The separation forms that can be selected include microporous membranes, ion-selective interface layers, or other interface materials that can provide liquid connectivity and restrict solution mixing. Through such separation, a clear and controllable interface can be formed between the two ends of the specimen, providing stable external conditions for the subsequent salt migration process. During migration, the concentration of the solution at the high osmotic pressure end changes due to the release of salt from the specimen. To maintain the driving force of the osmotic pressure difference and keep the interface conditions consistent with the migration state of the specimen, control can be achieved by periodically or continuously adjusting the concentration of the high osmotic pressure solution. For example, when a decrease in the concentration of the high osmotic pressure solution is detected, a pre-prepared high-concentration salt solution can be added to restore its concentration to the set range. Under better conditions, an automatic replenishment system can be used to automatically adjust the replenishment volume according to the real-time monitored concentration changes, thereby achieving stable regulation of the interface environment. Through this dynamic adjustment method, the interface conditions can continuously match the salt release behavior as the migration process changes, thus constructing an interface environment that is highly correlated with the mass transfer state and exists stably.

[0023] S3: Introduce a mass transfer resistance change mechanism that is responsive to changes in the external environment at the contact interface between the specimen and the low osmotic pressure end, and obtain the influence characteristics of the interface resistance change on salt migration. Specifically, to enable a measurable response to changes in interfacial conditions during salt migration, an interfacial layer with environmentally responsive characteristics can be constructed at the contact point between the specimen and the low-osmotic-pressure liquid. This allows the mass transfer resistance at the interface to dynamically change with fluctuations in the external environment. In practice, this type of interfacial response can be achieved in various ways. For example, a temperature-sensitive gel layer can be placed at the interface between the specimen and the liquid. When the ambient temperature rises, the pore structure of this gel layer expands or contracts, thereby altering the channel resistance of the liquid at the interface. Alternatively, a thin film material sensitive to humidity or solution ionic strength can be selected, causing changes in its thickness, pore size, or surface adsorption capacity when the degree of hydration or solution composition changes, thus affecting the ease of salt migration at the interface. To further enhance the sensitivity of the interfacial response, composite interfacial materials capable of rapid structural responses to minute changes in the external environment can be selected, such as temperature-sensitive polymers, interfacial layers with adjustable hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance, or functional interfacial membranes with ion-exchangeable groups. By setting these interfacial materials, the interfacial resistance gradually increases or decreases with changes in external conditions such as temperature, humidity, and solution concentration, resulting in significant acceleration, deceleration, or path shifts in salt migration at the interface. By recording changes in the migration rate, migration trend, or migration stage transitions of salt near the interface, the migration impact characteristics caused by environmental changes can be obtained. These characteristics reflect the dynamic control capability of the interfacial environment, providing quantifiable experimental evidence for subsequent analysis of the role of interfacial response mechanisms in salt migration.

[0024] S4: In an interface environment, an external disturbance that causes the internal liquid of the specimen to migrate is applied to the specimen to obtain the salt migration behavior under the disturbance condition. Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, to amplify the internal liquid migration behavior of the specimen and make the salt migration process exhibit more obvious dynamic characteristics, an external disturbance can be applied to the specimen in the constructed interface environment to accelerate the migration of the liquid inside the specimen along the pore structure. The external disturbance can be achieved in various ways. The external disturbance can enhance the reciprocating movement of the liquid in the small pores, thereby significantly changing the migration rate and migration path of the salt. While applying the disturbance, the migration behavior characteristics of the internal liquid under the disturbance conditions can be observed by recording the change of salt concentration in the high osmotic pressure end solution over time. For example, by recording whether the migration rate increases, whether the migration trend changes, or whether the migration stage changes prematurely, the salt migration performance under the disturbance conditions can be obtained. These performances reveal the enhancing effect of the external disturbance on the mass transfer behavior inside the specimen, laying the foundation for further analysis of the kinetic characteristics of salt migration.

[0025] S5: Monitor the time change of salt concentration in the high osmotic pressure end solution, identify the characteristic change points that occur during the migration process, and combine the influencing characteristics to obtain the mass transfer performance evaluation results.

[0026] Specifically, the salt concentration in the high osmotic pressure end solution is first continuously monitored using sensors or optical measurement devices, such as conductivity sensors or spectrometers. These devices can record changes in salt concentration in real time and transmit the data to a computing system for analysis. During the experiment, changes in salt concentration depend not only on the migration of salt within the specimen but also on changes in interfacial resistance and disturbances; therefore, continuous monitoring of salt concentration changes is crucial. After the concentration change data is collected, data analysis methods, such as data smoothing algorithms and mutation detection algorithms, are used to identify characteristic change points during the migration process. These characteristic change points typically occur when there are abrupt changes in the salt migration rate, transitions in migration stages, or changes in the salt diffusion path. By identifying these change points, the kinetic characteristics of the salt migration process can be revealed, such as the transition from rapid migration to stable migration or migration path shifts caused by interfacial responses. By combining the above-mentioned influencing characteristics with a comprehensive analysis, a complete mass transfer performance evaluation result is obtained. This evaluation result includes not only the salt migration rate and migration path, but also the stability of migration behavior, the transition characteristics of migration stages, and the acceleration or deceleration effect of disturbances on the migration process. Finally, through these detailed dynamic characteristic analyses, an accurate and comprehensive evaluation of the mass transfer performance of anti-icing materials can be provided, thus providing a scientific basis for material optimization, application, and performance prediction.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the above, such as Figure 2 As shown, in step S4, under the interface environment, an external disturbance that causes the internal liquid of the specimen to migrate is applied to the specimen to obtain the salt migration performance under the disturbance condition, including: S41: Under the influence of external disturbance, the liquid inside the specimen begins to migrate at an accelerated rate along the pore structure, and the initial salt content change during the accelerated migration is recorded. S42: Track the change of salt migration rate over time during continuous perturbation to obtain the stage characteristics of the migration process under perturbation. S43: Based on the initial salinity changes and stage characteristics, the migration process under perturbed conditions is compared with the migration process under undisturbed conditions to obtain the salinity migration performance caused by perturbed conditions.

[0028] Specifically, to induce a more pronounced flow trend of the liquid inside the specimen under external disturbance, methods such as periodic vibration, pulsating pressure, or localized temperature disturbance can be used to drive the liquid within the pores to migrate more rapidly. For example, low-amplitude mechanical vibration can induce minute displacements in the specimen, causing the liquid stagnating in the pores to move instantaneously along existing channels, resulting in measurable migration changes in salt concentration within a short period. During this process, the initial salt concentration change at the start of the disturbance can be recorded using a concentration measurement device at the high osmotic pressure end to capture the initial response characteristics driven by the disturbance. By continuously applying disturbance, the liquid maintains periodic reciprocating motion within the pore structure. This continuous disturbance amplifies the migration effect of the liquid in the fine pores, causing the salt migration to exhibit staged changes different from static conditions. During the experiment, continuous recording can be used to capture these changes. Recording changes in salt concentration over time characterizes the dynamic behavior of the migration process, particularly observing whether the migration rate exhibits phased increases under continuous perturbation, and whether acceleration and slow phases form at different time intervals. These records reveal the phased characteristics of salt migration under perturbation, reflecting how perturbation affects migration dynamics. By comparing the migration process under perturbed and undisturbed conditions, the differences in migration caused by external perturbation can be further analyzed. For example, comparing the amount of salt migration, migration rate change curves, or migration phase divisions under the same test time can reveal the effects of perturbation on increasing migration rate, adjusting migration path, or premature appearance of migration phases. By comparing and analyzing migration performance under different conditions, the characteristics of salt migration caused by external perturbation can be obtained, providing reliable experimental evidence for understanding the enhancing effect of perturbation on mass transfer behavior.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the above, the salt migration rate is calculated by continuously recording the change in salt concentration in the high osmotic pressure end solution over time, obtaining the salt migration amount based on the concentration change and solution volume, and dividing the migration amount by the corresponding time interval.

[0030] Specifically, to more accurately reflect the migration capacity of salts under disturbed or undisturbed conditions, the salt migration rate can be calculated by continuously recording the changes in salt concentration over time in the high-osmotic pressure end solution. During the test, a continuous monitoring device, such as a conductivity meter, spectral analysis equipment, or ion concentration sensor, is used to collect real-time data on the changes in the high-osmotic pressure end solution concentration and record the concentration data chronologically. As salts continuously migrate into the high-osmotic pressure liquid inside the specimen, the solution concentration at the high-osmotic pressure end gradually increases, and the concentration change directly reflects the cumulative amount of salt migration. After obtaining the concentration change data, the concentration change over a certain time interval is converted into the corresponding salt migration amount based on the volume of the high-osmotic pressure liquid. For example, when a measurable increase in solution concentration is detected within a certain time period, this increase can be correlated with the solution volume to determine the amount of salt increase during that time period. In this way, the amount of salt migration in each time interval can be obtained throughout the entire test process. Subsequently, the ratio of the migration amount in each time interval to the corresponding time interval is calculated to obtain the salt migration rate at different time points. Under better conditions, to improve the stability and sensitivity of rate calculation, a short-time high-frequency sampling method can be used to make the collected concentration changes more continuous and smooth, thereby more clearly capturing the short-term fluctuation characteristics of migration rate. For example, when the specimen is affected by disturbance or the interface conditions change rapidly, the migration rate may suddenly increase or undergo a phased transition. High-frequency sampling can make these rate change characteristics easier to identify. The salt migration rate calculated in this way can more realistically reflect the kinetic changes of the mass transfer process, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent migration behavior analysis and performance evaluation.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the above, the osmotic pressure gradient is achieved by adjusting at least one of the concentration, temperature, or composition of the solution on the high osmotic pressure side.

[0032] Specifically, the concentration of the high-osmotic-pressure side salt solution can be adjusted to maintain its ionic strength within a predetermined range. For example, soluble salts such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride, or magnesium chloride can be added to the high-osmotic-pressure liquid to achieve a preset concentration, ensuring sufficient osmotic pressure during testing to continue driving salt migration. Under certain preferred conditions, to prevent changes in solution concentration due to water evaporation or liquid release from the specimen, an automatic replenishment device can be used to maintain a stable solution concentration and keep the osmotic pressure gradient constant. Besides adjusting the concentration, the osmotic pressure level of the high-osmotic-pressure liquid can also be affected by adjusting the temperature. Increased temperature generally enhances the activity of solute molecules, thereby increasing the osmotic pressure of the solution to some extent. Conversely, when it is necessary to weaken the driving force of osmotic pressure, the solution temperature can be lowered. This temperature regulation can be achieved through a constant-temperature water bath, heating plate, or refrigeration equipment, suitable for studying the migration behavior of materials sensitive to solution temperature. Furthermore, the osmotic pressure gradient can be optimized by changing the composition of the high-osmotic-pressure liquid, for example, by using a mixed salt system, allowing the activities of different types of ions to participate in osmotic pressure regulation, thereby obtaining more stable or more targeted gradient conditions. By combining one or more of the above adjustment methods, the osmotic pressure gradient can be optimized in real time according to changes in the migration state of the specimen, ensuring that the gradient driving force continuously acts on the migration process, thus more accurately reflecting the mass transfer capacity of the material under different environmental conditions. This gradient control method provides a highly flexible and adjustable experimental environment, enabling the entire mass transfer process to proceed under a stable and controllable osmotic pressure difference.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the above, such as Figure 3 As shown, the time-varying changes in salt concentration in the high-osmotic-pressure end solution are monitored to identify characteristic change points during the migration process, including: A10: Collect continuous data on the change of salt concentration over time to obtain the coupled change trend of the migration process; A20: Analyze the abrupt changes in the rate of salt concentration change in the coupled trend and identify migration transition behaviors; A30: Based on the transitional behavior, the corresponding transitional stage change points are determined, and the transitional stage change points are the feature change points.

[0034] Specifically, conductivity sensors, ion concentration detection devices, or optical detection modules are used to continuously record concentration changes over time to form a complete migration curve. Since the salt migration process is simultaneously influenced by factors such as osmotic pressure difference, changes in interfacial resistance, and external disturbances, the concentration curve often exhibits coupled characteristics, reflecting the superimposed effects of different driving mechanisms during migration. Continuous data acquisition allows for the acquisition of the overall trend of the migration process, providing a foundation for subsequent analysis. Analysis of the concentration change trend identifies locations where abrupt changes in the concentration change rate occur. These abrupt changes often represent turning points in migration behavior caused by factors such as interfacial structure adjustments, increased external disturbances, or changes in the internal liquid flow pattern. For example, when the liquid inside the specimen... When accelerated migration occurs under vibration, the concentration change rate suddenly increases; conversely, when interfacial resistance increases due to environmental changes, the concentration change rate may decrease significantly. Identifying these abrupt changes allows us to capture key behavioral nodes related to the migration mechanism. Based on the inflection points of the concentration change rate, we can further determine the stages of change in the migration process. These stages typically correspond to critical moments when the migration behavior transitions from the initial stage to the acceleration stage, or from the acceleration stage to the stable stage. For example, when the migration rate gradually stabilizes and exhibits a linear growth trend, this node can be considered a sign that the migration process has entered a stable stage. By clearly defining these stages, we can gain a more systematic understanding of the dynamic structure of the migration process and provide a reliable basis for subsequent performance analysis.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the above, such as Figure 4 As shown, the mass transfer performance evaluation results are obtained by combining the influencing characteristics, including: B10: Based on the characteristics of the impact of changes in interfacial resistance on salt migration, identify the process of migration behavior adjustment caused by changes in interfacial resistance; B20: Corresponding analysis of the migration behavior adjustment process with the characteristic change points in the migration process to determine the dominant role of interface resistance change in the migration phase transition; B30: Based on the comprehensive impact of changes in interfacial resistance on migration behavior characteristics, the mass transfer performance evaluation results of the specimen under interfacial control conditions are obtained.

[0036] Specifically, by tracking the response behavior of the interface region, the adjustment process of interfacial resistance changes on salt migration can be identified. For example, when the pore structure of the interfacial material expands due to increased temperature, the flow resistance of the liquid at the interface decreases, thereby increasing the migration rate. Conversely, when the interfacial layer becomes denser due to humidity, the migration rate may slow down. By identifying these migration behavior adjustment phenomena caused by environmental changes, the direct impact characteristics of interfacial resistance changes on the mass transfer process can be obtained. Then, by correlating the migration behavior adjustment process with the characteristic change points obtained from previous analysis, the role of interfacial resistance changes in the migration stage transition can be determined. For example, when the migration rate acceleration stage coincides with the moment when the interfacial layer structure loosens, it can be considered that the decrease in interfacial resistance is an important reason for the accelerated migration. Similarly, when the migration process enters a slow stage and the adsorption capacity of the interfacial layer increases, it can be determined that the increase in interfacial resistance leads to the delay or slowdown of the migration stage. This correspondence analysis method clarifies the dominant influence of interfacial response behavior in each stage of migration dynamics. Finally, based on the comprehensive behavioral characteristics such as migration rate changes, migration path shifts, or migration stage delays caused by changes in interfacial resistance, a set of indexes for evaluating the mass transfer performance of specimens can be formed. For example, the mass transfer capacity of specimens can be comprehensively evaluated from multiple dimensions such as the magnitude of migration rate increase, migration stage transition time, stability of migration performance, and interfacial response sensitivity. Through this multi-factor fusion evaluation method, the mass transfer performance results of specimens under interfacial control conditions can be obtained, providing a reliable data foundation for understanding the mass transfer behavior of materials under different interfacial conditions and their applicability.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the above, the migration behavior characteristics include at least two of the following: migration rate, migration stage transition, and migration path.

[0038] Specifically, the migration rate trend over different time periods can be calculated by monitoring changes in the concentration of the solution at the high osmotic pressure end. For example, when the liquid inside the specimen accelerates its flow under disturbance, the migration rate will increase significantly; while when the interfacial resistance increases, the migration rate will often decrease. By comparing the migration rates at different stages, the dynamic changes in mass transfer behavior inside the specimen can be intuitively reflected. In addition, behavioral characteristics can be analyzed from the perspective of migration stage transitions. The migration process usually includes an initial release stage, an acceleration stage, and a steady stage. The migration rate, concentration growth trend, and interfacial response behavior will all exhibit different characteristics in different stages. For example, in the initial stage, the amount of salt migrated is small and the concentration change is slow; in the acceleration stage, the migration rate increases significantly; and in the steady stage, the migration trend tends to level off. By identifying these stage transition nodes, the migration kinetics structure of the material under multi-field coupling can be understood more systematically. In a more preferred analysis, the changes in the migration path can also be considered for comprehensive judgment. Changes in the migration path usually manifest as changes in the migration mode of salt between different pore structures inside the specimen, such as migration from the main channel to small capillaries, or a shift in the migration direction due to changes in interfacial resistance. By observing changes in the migration path, we can further reveal how interfacial conditions, external disturbances, or the solution environment affect migration behavior. Combining at least two of these characteristics allows us to evaluate the salt migration process from multiple dimensions and more accurately characterize the mass transfer response of specimens under different external conditions.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the above, the regulation of the interface environment includes: monitoring the local fluctuations of the solution osmotic pressure difference at the interface, and adjusting the solution exchange rate between the high osmotic pressure end and the low osmotic pressure end according to the fluctuation characteristics.

[0040] Specifically, an osmotic pressure monitoring device, such as a miniature differential pressure sensor or micro-osmotic pressure monitoring element, is installed at the interface between the high-osmotic-pressure end and the low-osmotic-pressure end to record minute changes in the osmotic pressure difference at the interface over time. These local fluctuations typically originate from changes in interfacial resistance, instantaneous migration of liquid within the specimen, or short-term pressure difference adjustments caused by external disturbances. By capturing these fluctuation characteristics, it can be determined whether the interfacial liquid transport is in a stable state. When a significant decrease or increase in the osmotic pressure difference is detected at the interface, the exchange rate between the solutions at both ends can be adjusted according to the fluctuation. For example, when the osmotic pressure difference weakens due to dilution of the liquid on the low-osmotic-pressure side, an appropriate amount of high-osmotic-pressure solution can be added to restore the osmotic pressure difference; when the concentration on the high-osmotic-pressure side is too high, causing abnormal interfacial conditions, the interface can be restored to equilibrium by reducing the replenishment rate or increasing the replenishment of the low-osmotic-pressure liquid. Through this regulation method, a suitable osmotic pressure gradient is maintained at the interface, providing stable interfacial conditions for subsequent salt migration.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the above, such as Figure 5 As shown, the mass transfer resistance variation mechanism includes: C10: The response of the mass transfer resistance at the interface is triggered according to changes in the external environment during the mass transfer process; C20: Track the impact of changes in interfacial mass transfer resistance on salt migration, and identify changes in migration rate or migration direction caused by changes in interfacial resistance. C30: Based on the continuous change of interfacial mass transfer resistance over time, the dynamic regulation effect of interfacial resistance on the formation of salt migration process at different stages is analyzed.

[0042] Specifically, when external environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, or solution concentration change, the microstructure of the interfacial material adjusts accordingly, triggering changes in mass transfer resistance. For example, temperature-sensitive interfacial materials may exhibit pore expansion under heating conditions and pore contraction under cooling conditions; humidity-sensitive materials may become softer and form more open channels when hydration increases, while becoming denser under dehydration conditions. These structural changes directly alter the flow resistance of the liquid in the interfacial region, adjusting the migration ability of the liquid inside the specimen. By tracking changes in interfacial structure, the impact of changes in interfacial resistance on migration behavior can be identified. The effects of interfacial resistance on migration behavior can be observed. For example, when the interfacial pore structure becomes more open, the salt migration rate may increase significantly; conversely, when the adsorption capacity of the interfacial material increases or the surface becomes denser, the salt migration direction may shift or the migration rate may decrease. In experiments, the influence of interfacial resistance on migration behavior can be identified by recording the salt concentration change trend at the high osmotic pressure end and combining it with the environmental response characteristics of the interfacial material. This includes phenomena such as sudden increases in migration rate, changes in migration direction, or adjustments in migration path. By monitoring the continuous changes in interfacial resistance throughout the migration process, the dynamic regulatory role of interfacial resistance on migration behavior at different stages can be analyzed. For example, in the initial stage, the interface may exhibit high resistance, resulting in a slow salt migration rate; as environmental changes trigger the loosening of the interfacial structure, the migration process may enter an accelerated phase; in later stages, if the adsorption capacity of the interfacial material increases or structural contraction occurs, the migration rate may decrease again. By analyzing the correspondence between changes in interfacial resistance and migration behavior segment by segment, a regulatory model between interfacial conditions and migration kinetics can be constructed, thereby revealing the role and characteristics of the interfacial response mechanism in the mass transfer process.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the above, the method further includes: determining whether the salt migration has entered a stable stage based on the stability of the salt concentration change at the high osmotic pressure end during the mass transfer process, and judging whether the combined effect of the osmotic pressure gradient, the interfacial environment and the external disturbance has reached the stable mass transfer condition based on whether it has entered the stable stage.

[0044] Specifically, a continuous sampling device is used to obtain the concentration change curve at the high osmotic pressure end, with a focus on whether the concentration increment per unit time tends to stabilize. For example, if the concentration increase rate remains close across multiple adjacent time intervals, it can be considered that salt migration is gradually entering a stable phase. To improve the reliability of the judgment, the fluctuation range of concentration change can be analyzed. For instance, when the disturbance weakens or the interface structure tends to stabilize, the migration rate often exhibits a gentle and continuous trend, with significantly reduced fluctuations. After the concentration curve shows a stable trend, this point can be further used as a basis for judging the overall stable state of the mass transfer system. For example, if the stable phase of concentration change coincides with the maintenance conditions of osmotic pressure difference, the stabilizing characteristics of interface structure changes, and the stabilization of external disturbances, it can be determined that the current system has reached stable mass transfer conditions. In other words, the osmotic pressure gradient no longer fluctuates significantly, the resistance changes in the interfacial environment tend to be balanced, and external disturbances are within the set range and maintain repeatability. At this time, the salt migration behavior will exhibit continuous linear growth or a nearly smooth time function. In a more preferred analysis method, the time point of the migration stabilization stage can be compared with different control parameters to evaluate the impact of different interfacial controls, disturbance methods, or osmotic pressure gradient settings on the migration stabilization process, providing a basis for determining the optimal mass transfer conditions.

[0045] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the application as defined herein, and are to be considered as covering any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from its scope. Thus, if such modifications and modifications fall within the scope of this application and its equivalents, this application intends to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating the test of gradient osmotic pressure difference in the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials, characterized in that, The method includes: The specimen was placed on the side of the low-osmotic-pressure solution, and the concentration on the other side of the solution was adjusted to form and maintain an osmotic pressure gradient that could drive salt migration, thus obtaining an initial environment for mass transfer drive. The high-osmotic pressure end and the low-osmotic pressure end are separated, and the solution concentration of the high-osmotic pressure end is adjusted according to the salt migration of the specimen to obtain an interfacial environment related to the mass transfer state. A mass transfer resistance change mechanism that is responsive to changes in the external environment is introduced at the contact interface between the specimen and the low osmotic pressure end to obtain the influence characteristics of the interface resistance change on salt migration. In the interface environment, an external disturbance that causes the internal liquid of the specimen to migrate is applied to the specimen, and the salt migration performance under the disturbance condition is obtained. The time-varying salt concentration in the high-osmotic-pressure end solution is monitored to identify characteristic change points during migration, and the mass transfer performance evaluation results are obtained by combining the aforementioned influencing characteristics.

2. The gradient osmotic pressure difference accelerated testing method for the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the interface environment, an external disturbance that causes liquid migration inside the specimen is applied to the specimen to obtain the salt migration behavior under the disturbance conditions, including: External disturbances caused the liquid inside the specimen to begin to migrate at an accelerated rate along the pore structure, and the initial salt content changes during the accelerated migration were recorded. By tracking the change of salt migration rate over time during continuous perturbation, the phased characteristics of the migration process under perturbation can be obtained. Based on the initial salinity changes and stage characteristics, the migration process under perturbed conditions is compared with the migration process under undisturbed conditions to obtain the salinity migration behavior caused by perturbation.

3. The gradient osmotic pressure difference accelerated testing method for the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The salt migration rate is calculated by continuously recording the change in salt concentration in the high osmotic pressure end solution over time, obtaining the salt migration amount based on the concentration change and solution volume, and then dividing the migration amount by the corresponding time interval.

4. The gradient osmotic pressure difference accelerated testing method for the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The osmotic pressure gradient is achieved by adjusting at least one of the concentration, temperature, or composition of the solution on the high osmotic pressure side.

5. The gradient osmotic pressure difference accelerated testing method for the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, Monitoring the temporal changes in salt concentration in solutions at high osmotic pressures to identify characteristic changes during migration, including: Collect continuous data on salt concentration changes over time to obtain the coupled change trend of the migration process; Analyze the locations of abrupt changes in the rate of salt concentration change within the coupled trend to identify migration transition behaviors; Based on the migration transition behavior, the corresponding migration stage change point is determined, and the migration stage change point is the feature change point.

6. The accelerated testing method for gradient osmotic pressure difference in the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass transfer performance evaluation results are obtained by combining the aforementioned influencing characteristics, including: Based on the characteristics of the impact of changes in interfacial resistance on salt migration, identify the process of migration behavior adjustment caused by changes in interfacial resistance; By analyzing the correspondence between the migration behavior adjustment process and the characteristic change points in the migration process, the dominant role of interface resistance change in the migration phase transition is determined. Based on the combined effect of changes in interfacial resistance on migration behavior characteristics, the mass transfer performance evaluation results of the specimen under interfacial control conditions were obtained.

7. The accelerated testing method for gradient osmotic pressure difference in the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials according to claim 6, characterized in that, The migration behavior characteristics include at least two of the following: migration rate, migration stage transition, and migration path.

8. The accelerated testing method for gradient osmotic pressure difference in the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulation of the interface environment includes: monitoring local fluctuations in the osmotic pressure difference at the interface, and adjusting the solution exchange rate between the high-osmotic-pressure end and the low-osmotic-pressure end based on the fluctuation characteristics.

9. The accelerated testing method for gradient osmotic pressure difference in the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass transfer resistance variation mechanism includes: During the mass transfer process, the response of the mass transfer resistance at the interface is triggered according to changes in the external environment; Track the impact of changes in interfacial mass transfer resistance on salt migration, and identify changes in migration rate or migration direction caused by changes in interfacial resistance. Based on the continuous change of interfacial mass transfer resistance over time, the dynamic regulatory effect of interfacial resistance on the formation of salt migration process at different stages is analyzed.

10. The gradient osmotic pressure difference accelerated testing method for the mass transfer process of anti-icing materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: determining whether salt migration has entered a stable stage based on the stability of the salt concentration change at the high osmotic pressure end during the mass transfer process, and judging whether the combined effect of the osmotic pressure gradient, the interfacial environment, and external disturbances has reached the stable mass transfer conditions based on whether the stable stage has been entered.

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