Integral battery phase change cooling system and method based on gravity assisted heat pipe principle

Abstract

The invention discloses an integral battery phase change cooling system and method based on the gravity heat pipe principle, and relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage batteries, the battery phase change cooling system comprises an evaporation section main bin body, a balance mechanism and a plurality of battery cell modules, the evaporation section main bin body is internally provided with a plurality of battery cavities, and the battery cavities are communicated with the balance mechanism; the plurality of battery cell modules are uniformly distributed in each battery chamber, the evaporation section main bin body is filled with a phase change working medium, the phase change working medium is in contact with the battery cell modules, the balance mechanism is used for enabling the spaces of all the battery chambers to be communicated with one another, and the liquid levels of the phase change working medium in all the battery chambers are equal; the cooling system has high phase change working medium distribution balance and circulation stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage batteries, and more specifically, to an integral battery phase change cooling system and method based on the principle of gravity heat pipe. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale application of lithium batteries in large-scale energy storage power stations and industrial and commercial energy storage scenarios, the requirements for their thermal management safety, temperature uniformity, and economy are becoming increasingly stringent. If the large amount of heat generated by the battery during charging and discharging cannot be dissipated in a timely and uniform manner, it will lead to an increase in the temperature difference within the battery pack, accelerate capacity decay, and significantly increase the risk of thermal runaway.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream thermal management solutions mainly include air cooling and liquid cooling. Among them, air cooling has a simple structure, but its heat dissipation capacity is weak and its temperature uniformity is poor, making it difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of high energy density energy storage systems. Although liquid cooling has higher heat dissipation efficiency, the system is complex, relying on active components such as water pumps, piping networks, and external chillers. It suffers from problems such as pipeline leakage, high energy consumption, and high maintenance costs. Furthermore, when multiple battery cell modules are connected in parallel, uneven distribution of coolant can easily lead to inconsistent heat dissipation effects.

[0004] Phase change cooling technology, due to the constant temperature and enormous latent heat capacity of the working fluid during phase change, is theoretically considered the ideal path to achieve extreme temperature uniformity in batteries. However, when phase change cooling is engineered and applied to large-scale energy storage systems with multiple parallel modules, a series of new technical bottlenecks arise: difficulties in distributing the gas-liquid two-phase flow among modules, challenges in synchronously controlling the working fluid level after evaporation and condensation, and interference between vapor and return liquid leading to gas-liquid entrainment and unstable circulation. These problems severely restrict the practical application of phase change cooling technology in the field of energy storage.

[0005] Therefore, how to design an innovative system structure that can effectively overcome the inherent gas-liquid distribution and circulation stability problems in multi-module parallel applications while giving full play to the potential of phase change cooling for uniform temperature distribution has become a key technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide an integrated battery phase change cooling system and method based on the principle of gravity heat pipe, which effectively improves the distribution balance and cycle stability of the phase change working fluid in the gas and liquid phases.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0008] An integrated battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe includes an evaporation section main chamber, a balancing mechanism, and several battery cell modules. The evaporation section main chamber has multiple battery chambers, and the multiple battery cell modules are evenly distributed in each of the battery chambers. The evaporation section main chamber is filled with a phase change working fluid, which is in contact with the battery cell modules. The balancing mechanism is used to make the spaces of each battery chamber interconnected and to ensure that the liquid level of the phase change working fluid in each battery chamber is equal.

[0009] Preferably, the main chamber of the evaporation section is provided with multiple partition plates, and the multiple battery chambers are arranged vertically. Each partition plate is located between two adjacent battery chambers. The balancing mechanism includes an overflow pipe, which is connected to the partition plates. The two ends of the overflow pipe are respectively connected to the opposite sides of the partition plates. The overflow pipe is located above the partition plates, and a space is formed between the pipe opening above the partition plates and the surface of the partition plates to allow the liquid phase change working fluid to exist.

[0010] Preferably, some of the battery cell modules are located on the upper surface of the partition plate, and a support is fixedly connected between the battery cell modules and the partition plate, the height of which is less than the height of the overflow pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the balancing mechanism further includes a gas manifold, which is fixedly connected to the partition plate. The lower end of the gas manifold is connected to the lower side of the partition plate, and the upper end of the gas manifold is higher than the upper end of the overflow pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the balancing mechanism further includes a condenser, which is provided with a gas inlet and a liquid outlet. The gas inlet is connected to the uppermost battery chamber, and the liquid outlet is used to return liquid phase change working fluid to each of the battery chambers.

[0013] Preferably, the main body of the evaporation section is provided with a process valve, the process valve is connected to one of the battery chambers, and the main body of the evaporation section is connected to a vacuum pump through the process valve.

[0014] Preferably, the liquid outlet of the condenser is connected to the uppermost battery chamber, and the adjacent overflow pipes are arranged alternately in the vertical projection.

[0015] Preferably, an installation step is fixed on the inner wall of the main evaporation chamber, and the lower surface of the partition plate contacts the platform surface of the installation step.

[0016] Preferably, the main chamber of the evaporation section is provided with a sealing gasket, and the sealing gasket abuts against the edge of the partition plate.

[0017] A battery phase change cooling method for the aforementioned integral battery phase change cooling system based on the gravity heat pipe principle, comprising:

[0018] To keep the internal space of the main evaporation chamber sealed, a vacuum is drawn from the internal space of the main evaporation chamber using a vacuum pump.

[0019] A fixed amount of phase change working fluid is injected into the main chamber of the evaporation section to ensure that the liquid level of the liquid phase change working fluid in each layer of the battery chamber is equal and that the cell module and the liquid phase change working fluid in each layer of the battery chamber are in contact.

[0020] Each of the battery cell modules enters the working mode, and the liquid phase change working fluid around the battery cell module evaporates and turns into a gaseous state after being heated;

[0021] The gaseous phase change working fluid enters the condenser, which converts the phase change working fluid from a gaseous state to a liquid state and sends it into the top-level battery chamber. Under the influence of gravity and the overflow pipe, the liquid in each battery chamber maintains a dynamic balance.

[0022] The integrated battery phase change cooling system and method based on the principle of gravity heat pipe provided in this application have battery cell modules distributed in each battery chamber of the main evaporation section. Under the action of the balancing mechanism, the liquid level of the liquid phase change working medium in each battery chamber is equal, that is, the quantity is the same, and the contact degree between the phase change working medium and each battery cell module is also the same. Therefore, the overall cooling effect of the liquid phase change working medium on the battery cell module is relatively uniform. Since each battery chamber is interconnected, the gaseous working medium after phase change in each battery chamber can circulate with each other and naturally reach equilibrium under the action of gas pressure, thereby improving the balance of the overall heat exchange effect of the gaseous phase change working medium on the battery cell module. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the integrated battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe, as shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a front cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the integrated battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe, as shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0026] Figure 3This is a visual diagram illustrating the structure of the upper surface of the partition plate in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure in an embodiment of this application, illustrating the detachable connection between the partition plate and the main body of the evaporation section.

[0028] Figures 1-4 In the accompanying drawings, the reference numerals include:

[0029] Evaporation section main chamber 1; process valve 11; mounting step 12; sealing gasket 13; battery chamber 14; compartment partition 2; raised seat 21; overflow pipe 22; gas manifold 23; condenser 3; gas inlet 31; liquid outlet 32; liquid replenishment hole 33; cell module 4. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. This application discloses an integral battery phase change cooling system and method based on the principle of gravity heat pipes.

[0032] The core of this application is to provide an integrated battery phase change cooling system and method based on the principle of gravity heat pipe.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1-3 .

[0034] The integrated battery phase change cooling system based on the gravity heat pipe principle provided in this application includes an evaporation section main chamber 1, a balancing mechanism, and several battery cell modules 4. The evaporation section main chamber 1 is provided with multiple battery chambers 14, and the multiple battery cell modules 4 are evenly distributed in each battery chamber 14. The multiple battery cells in each battery chamber 14 are laid out in a matrix.

[0035] The main chamber 1 of the evaporation section contains a phase change working fluid. The liquid phase change working fluid is in contact with the battery cell module 4 and is used to exchange heat and cool the battery cell module 4 during operation. During the cooling process, it absorbs heat, thus undergoing a transformation from liquid to gas phase. The balancing mechanism is used to connect the spaces of each battery chamber 14 and to ensure that the liquid phase change working fluid level in each battery chamber 14 is equal.

[0036] Under the action of the balancing mechanism, the liquid level of the liquid phase change working medium in each battery chamber 14 is equal, that is, the amount is the same, and the contact degree between the phase change working medium and each cell module 4 is also the same. Therefore, the overall cooling effect of the liquid phase change working medium on the cell module 4 is relatively uniform. Since each battery chamber 14 is interconnected, the gaseous working medium after phase change in each battery chamber 14 can circulate with each other and naturally reach equilibrium under the action of gas pressure, thereby improving the balance of the overall heat exchange effect of the gaseous phase change working medium on the cell module 4.

[0037] The integrated battery phase change cooling system and method based on the principle of gravity heat pipe provided in this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] In one specific implementation, reference is made to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0039] Specifically, all battery chambers 14 are arranged vertically. The main evaporation chamber 1 contains multiple partition plates 2, each located between two adjacent battery chambers 14. In other words, the internal space of the main evaporation chamber 1 is divided by the partition plates 2 to form battery chambers 14. The number of battery chambers 14 is the number of partition plates 2 plus one. The surface of each partition plate 2 is horizontal. Except for the lowest battery chamber 14, all cell modules 4 within the remaining battery chambers 14 are mounted on the upper surface of the partition plate 2.

[0040] The balancing mechanism includes overflow pipes 22, the number of which is the same as the number of chamber partitions 2, and each overflow pipe 22 is connected to a chamber partition 2. The two ends of the overflow pipe 22 are respectively connected to the opposite sides of the chamber partition 2. The overflow pipe 22 located above the chamber partition 2 and the upper plate surface of the chamber partition 2 form a space for the liquid phase change working fluid to exist. The overflow pipe 22 can overflow the liquid phase change working fluid in the battery chamber 14 it is located in.

[0041] When the liquid phase change working fluid level in the battery chamber 14 where the overflow pipe 22 is located is higher than the upper opening of the overflow pipe 22, the liquid phase change working fluid will enter the overflow pipe 22 and flow downward along the overflow pipe 22 to the battery chamber 14 of the next layer. The working mechanism of each layer of overflow pipe 22 is the same, so as to jointly achieve the purpose of keeping the liquid phase change working fluid level in each battery chamber 14 equal.

[0042] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0043] Specifically, a raised seat 21 is fixedly connected between the battery cell module 4 and the cavity partition 2. The vertical projection area of ​​the raised seat 21 is smaller than the vertical projection area of ​​the battery cell module 4. That is, the raised seat 21 is used to create a certain space between the battery cell module 4 and the cavity partition 2.

[0044] The height of the shim 21 is less than the height of the overflow pipe 22, meaning that under normal conditions, the liquid phase change working fluid will submerge the lower half of the battery cell module 4. The bottom surface of the battery cell module 4 is immersed in the liquid phase change working fluid, increasing the contact rate between the surface of the battery cell module 4 and the phase change working fluid. Simultaneously, bubbles generated after the phase change of the working fluid occurs below the battery cell module 4 can also be smoothly discharged from below the battery cell module 4.

[0045] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figures 1-3 .

[0046] Specifically, the balancing mechanism also includes a gas manifold 23. The number of gas manifolds 23 is the same as the number of partition plates 2, and the two correspond one-to-one. The gas manifolds 23 and the partition plates 2 are fixedly connected. The lower end of the gas manifold 23 is connected to the lower side of the partition plate 2, and the upper end of the gas manifold 23 is higher than the upper end of the overflow pipe 22 on the same partition plate 2.

[0047] As the heat exchange process continues, gaseous phase change working fluid is continuously generated. Under the action of gas pressure, the gaseous phase change working fluid located in the relatively high-pressure battery chamber 14 will flow to the relatively low-pressure battery chamber 14 through the gas manifold 23. Finally, the gaseous phase change working fluid in the internal space of the main evaporation section 1 reaches dynamic equilibrium. The complete connection of each gas phase space ensures that the gas pressure of each battery chamber 14 is consistent, eliminating the uneven distribution caused by pressure fluctuations.

[0048] The gas phase channel gas manifold 23 and the liquid phase channel overflow pipe 22 are independent of each other, that is, the main flow paths of the gas and liquid phases are physically separated. The gas phase is collected upward through the gas manifold 23 in the upper part of the space, and the liquid phase is transmitted downward through the overflow pipe 22 in the lower part, which greatly reduces the mutual interference between gas and liquid and ensures the stability and smoothness of the circulation process.

[0049] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0050] Specifically, the balancing mechanism also includes a condenser 3, which is located at the top of the main chamber 1 of the evaporation section. The condenser 3 is equipped with a gas inlet 31 and a liquid outlet 32. The gas inlet 31 is connected to the uppermost battery chamber 14. Thus, all the gaseous phase change working fluids formed in the battery chambers 14 eventually enter the condenser 3 for condensation.

[0051] The condenser 3 is used to convert the phase change working fluid from a gaseous state to a liquid state, and to send the liquid phase change working fluid back to each battery chamber 14 in the main body 1 of the evaporation section through the liquid outlet 32, so as to replenish the phase change working fluid in the battery chamber 14 that is constantly reduced due to phase change, thereby realizing the circulation of the phase change working fluid.

[0052] The upper limit of the liquid level is physically defined by the overflow pipe 22, and the gas pressure is automatically balanced by the gas phase balance channels of each gas manifold 23, achieving synchronous self-balancing of the gas and liquid phases with a purely physical structure. Compared with existing technical solutions that rely on active control components such as sensors, solenoid valves, and replenishment pumps, the solution in this application does not require any external control logic, and there is basically no risk of response lag or control misalignment, resulting in a significant improvement in system stability and reliability.

[0053] This invention employs a series circulation path of "phase change working fluid only flowing back to the top layer + overflowing from top to bottom in stages", which makes the distribution of liquid working fluid rely entirely on the natural process of gravity overflow, fundamentally avoiding the technical difficulties of parallel distribution.

[0054] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0055] Specifically, the main evaporation chamber 1 is equipped with a process valve 11, which is connected to the top battery chamber 14. The main evaporation chamber 1 is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown in the figure) via the process valve 11. Before the phase change cooling system is used, the main evaporation chamber 1 is sealed, and then a vacuum is drawn inside it through the process valve 11 to reduce the content of other gases inside and increase the content of gaseous phase change working fluid in the space, thereby improving the contact efficiency and heat exchange efficiency between the phase change working fluid and the battery cell module 4.

[0056] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0057] Specifically, the liquid outlet 32 ​​of the condenser 3 is connected to the uppermost battery chamber 14. In the vertical projection, the adjacent overflow pipes 22 are arranged alternately. Thus, the condenser 3 only replenishes the liquid in the uppermost battery chamber 14. After the liquid in the upper battery chamber 14 is higher than the upper opening of the overflow pipe 22, it can replenish the liquid in the lower battery chamber 14 through the overflow pipe 22. When the liquid phase change working fluid is sufficient, the liquid phase change working fluid in each battery chamber 14 can eventually reach the same height.

[0058] Since the overflow pipes 22 of adjacent battery chambers 14 are not aligned on the same axis, the liquid phase change working fluid falling through the overflow pipes 22 can only directly reach the adjacent lower battery chamber 14 for accumulation, ensuring that the liquid phase change working fluid in each battery chamber 14 can be replenished. In this embodiment, the partition plate 2 is a square plate, and the overflow pipes 22 in the adjacent battery chambers 14 are located at opposite corners of the partition plate 2.

[0059] The condenser 3 is equipped with a liquid replenishment hole 33, through which the operator can add supplementary phase change working fluid to the system.

[0060] Thus, the phase change cooling system of this battery forms a gravity heat pipe system including an evaporation section and a condensation section. The circulation driving force comes entirely from the pressure difference and gravity generated by the phase change, requiring no external pump power and consuming no electrical energy, which significantly reduces the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage system.

[0061] In another embodiment, reference Figure 4 .

[0062] Specifically, the partition plate 2 is detachably connected to the main evaporation chamber 1. Multiple mounting steps 12 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the main evaporation chamber 1. The number of mounting steps 12 is the same as the number of partition plates 2 and they correspond one-to-one. The multiple mounting steps 12 are evenly arranged vertically. The lower plate surface of the partition plate 2 is in contact with the platform surface of its corresponding mounting step 12. That is, the partition plate 2 is placed on the mounting step 12. The mounting step 12 bears the weight of the partition plate 2 and the various cell modules 4 on the plate.

[0063] The main chamber 1 of the evaporation section is equipped with a rubber sealing gasket 13. The sealing gasket 13 is attached to the installation step 12. After the partition plate 2 is placed on the installation step 12, the sealing gasket 13 and the edge of the partition plate 2 abut against each other, thereby filling the gap between the partition plate 2 and the installation step 12, ensuring that the liquid phase change working fluid above the partition plate 2 will not leak through the edge of the partition plate 2.

[0064] The battery phase change cooling method provided in this application is used in the aforementioned integral battery phase change cooling system based on the gravity heat pipe principle, and includes:

[0065] Install each cell module 4 on the partition plate 2, then install each partition plate 2 in the corresponding position inside the main chamber 1 of the evaporation section, and connect the wires; then keep the internal space of the main chamber 1 of the evaporation section sealed, and the vacuum equipment vacuums the internal space of the main chamber 1 of the evaporation section through the process valve 11.

[0066] A fixed amount of liquid phase change working fluid is injected into the system through the replenishment hole 33. The liquid level of the liquid phase change working fluid in each battery chamber 14, including the bottom layer, must be the same, and the cell module 4 in each battery chamber 14 must be in contact with the liquid phase change working fluid. In the specific implementation process, the phase change working fluid is a fluorinated liquid with an evaporation temperature range of 25°C to 45°C.

[0067] Each cell module 4 enters the working mode. The liquid phase change working fluid around the cell module 4 evaporates and turns into gas after being heated, and flows upward through the gas manifold 23, eventually flowing to the condenser 3.

[0068] The gaseous phase change working fluid enters the condenser 3, which converts the phase change working fluid from a gaseous state to a liquid state and sends it into the top battery chamber 14. The liquid phase change working fluid in the top battery chamber 14 overflows downward after it is higher than the overflow pipe 22. The overflow pipes 22 of each battery chamber 14 repeat this mechanism, and finally the liquid and gas phase change working fluids in each battery chamber 14 of the main body 1 of the evaporation section reach a stable and balanced circulation state.

[0069] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0070] The above provides a detailed description of the integrated battery phase change cooling system and method based on the gravity heat pipe principle provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and its core ideas. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A monolithic battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe, characterized in that, The device includes an evaporation section main chamber (1), a balancing mechanism, and several battery cell modules (4). The evaporation section main chamber (1) is provided with multiple battery chambers (14), and the multiple battery cell modules (4) are evenly distributed in each of the battery chambers (14). The evaporation section main chamber (1) is filled with a phase change working medium, and the phase change working medium is in contact with the battery cell modules (4). The balancing mechanism is used to make the spaces of each battery chamber (14) interconnected and the liquid level of the phase change working medium in each battery chamber (14) equal.

2. The monobloc battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The main body (1) of the evaporation section is provided with multiple partition plates (2), and multiple battery chambers (14) are arranged vertically. Each partition plate (2) is located between two adjacent battery chambers (14). The balancing mechanism includes an overflow pipe (22), which is connected to the partition plate (2). The two ends of the overflow pipe (22) are respectively connected to the opposite sides of the partition plate (2). The overflow pipe (22) is located above the partition plate (2) and forms a space between the pipe opening above the partition plate (2) and the plate surface of the partition plate (2) for the liquid phase change working fluid to exist.

3. The monobloc battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, Part of the battery cell module (4) is located on the upper surface of the cavity partition (2). A raised seat (21) is fixedly connected between the battery cell module (4) and the cavity partition (2). The height of the raised seat (21) is less than the height of the overflow pipe (22).

4. The monobloc battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The balancing mechanism also includes a gas manifold (23), which is fixedly connected to the partition plate (2). The lower end of the gas manifold (23) is connected to the lower side of the partition plate (2), and the upper end of the gas manifold (23) is higher than the upper end of the overflow pipe (22).

5. The monobloc battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The balancing mechanism also includes a condenser (3), which is provided with a gas inlet (31) and a liquid outlet (32). The gas inlet (31) is connected to the uppermost battery chamber (14), and the liquid outlet (32) is used to return liquid phase change working fluid to each of the battery chambers (14).

6. The monobloc battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe of claim 5, wherein, The main evaporation chamber (1) is equipped with a process valve (11), which is connected to one of the battery chambers (14). The main evaporation chamber (1) is connected to a vacuum pump through the process valve (11).

7. The monobloc battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that, The liquid outlet (32) of the condenser (3) is connected to the uppermost battery chamber (14), and the adjacent overflow pipes (22) are arranged alternately in the vertical projection.

8. The monobloc battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipes according to any of claims 2-7, characterized in that, An installation step (12) is fixed on the inner wall of the main chamber (1) of the evaporation section, and the lower plate surface of the partition plate (2) is in contact with the platform surface of the installation step (12).

9. The monobloc battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe of claim 8, wherein, The main chamber (1) of the evaporation section is provided with a sealing gasket (13), and the edge of the sealing gasket (13) abuts against the partition plate (2).

10. A battery phase change cooling method for the monolithic battery phase change cooling system based on the principle of gravity heat pipe of claim 7, characterized in that, include: Keep the internal space of the main evaporation chamber (1) sealed, and evacuate the internal space of the main evaporation chamber (1) using a vacuum pump; A certain amount of phase change working fluid is injected into the main chamber (1) of the evaporation section. The liquid level of the liquid phase change working fluid in each layer of the battery chamber (14) must be equal, and the cell module (4) in each layer of the battery chamber (14) must be in contact with the liquid phase change working fluid. Each of the battery cell modules (4) enters the working mode, and the liquid phase change working fluid around the battery cell module (4) evaporates and transforms into a gaseous state after being heated; The gaseous phase change working fluid enters the condenser (3), which converts the phase change working fluid from gaseous to liquid and sends it into the top battery chamber (14). Under the influence of gravity and the overflow pipe (22), the liquid in each battery chamber (14) maintains dynamic equilibrium.

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