Wireless charging method based on super capacitor, intelligent tire system and related equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a wireless charging method based on a super capacitor, an intelligent tire system and related equipment, and relates to the technical field of power electronics and vehicles. The method comprises the steps that a vehicle-mounted power supply continuously supplies power to a transmitting coil fixedly installed in a vehicle wheel arch area so as to maintain an alternating electromagnetic field in the vehicle running process; according to the tire state data, judging whether an in-tire module in the tire enters a wireless charging effective area of the transmitting coil or not; when it is judged that the intra-tire module enters the wireless charging effective area, wireless energy transmission is started, a receiving coil obtains energy from an alternating electromagnetic field and charges a super capacitor, and meanwhile the super capacitor continuously supplies power to a sensor after voltage stabilization; and when the in-tire module rotates along with the tire and leaves the wireless charging effective area, wireless energy transmission is stopped, and the super capacitor continues to supply power to the sensor. According to the embodiment of the invention, uninterrupted power supply can be realized for the tire sensor so as to support high-frequency real-time data acquisition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the fields of power electronics technology and vehicle technology, and in particular to a wireless charging method based on supercapacitors, an intelligent tire system and related equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of intelligent and electric vehicles, the demand for real-time monitoring of tire status is increasing. Modern intelligent tire systems typically integrate multiple sensors such as tire pressure, temperature, acceleration, and wheel speed to support functions such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), vehicle dynamics control, and predictive maintenance. However, due to the unique environment in which tires operate at high speeds, are enclosed, and have no external cable connections, the continuous power supply to their internal electronic modules has become a key technological bottleneck.

[0003] Currently, most mainstream tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) use miniature lithium manganese batteries as their power source. However, due to limitations in battery capacity and operating temperature range, the sensor sampling frequency is low, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-frequency dynamic sensing. Furthermore, batteries are prone to performance degradation or even failure in high-temperature or high-humidity environments, posing safety hazards, and discarded batteries also contribute to environmental pollution.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This disclosure provides a wireless charging method based on supercapacitors, an intelligent tire system, and related equipment, which can provide uninterrupted power to in-tire sensors to support high-frequency real-time data acquisition.

[0006] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part from practice of this disclosure.

[0007] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a wireless charging method based on a supercapacitor is provided, comprising: continuously supplying power from an on-board power source to a transmitting coil fixedly installed in the wheel arch area of ​​a vehicle to maintain an alternating electromagnetic field during vehicle operation; determining, based on tire status data, whether an in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil during tire rotation; wherein the in-tire module includes a receiving coil, a supercapacitor, and a sensor for real-time tire status detection, and the in-tire module rotates with the tire; when it is determined that the in-tire module has entered the effective wireless charging area, wireless energy transmission is initiated, enabling the receiving coil to obtain energy from the alternating electromagnetic field and charge the supercapacitor, while the supercapacitor, after voltage regulation, continuously supplies power to the sensor; when the in-tire module leaves the effective wireless charging area with the tire rotation, wireless energy transmission is stopped, and the supercapacitor continues to supply power to the sensor until the in-tire module enters the effective wireless charging area again.

[0008] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the tire state data includes wheel speed data and wheel phase information. During tire rotation, based on the tire state data, it is determined whether the in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil. This includes: combining the wheel speed data, wheel phase information, and a preset spatial coupling model to estimate the relative position of the tire relative to the transmitting coil in real time; calculating the coupling coefficient between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil based on the relative position; and determining whether the in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil based on the coupling coefficient and the distance or field strength parameter between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil.

[0009] In one embodiment of this disclosure, determining whether an in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil is based on the coupling coefficient and the distance or field strength parameter between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil. This includes: filtering the field strength parameter and comparing at least one of the filtered field strength value, coupling coefficient, and distance with a corresponding preset threshold; when the preset threshold condition is met, the in-tire module is determined to be in the effective wireless charging area; otherwise, it is determined to be in an ineffective area.

[0010] In one embodiment of this disclosure, when it is determined that the in-tire module has entered the effective area of ​​wireless charging, wireless power transmission is initiated, including: the first communication unit in the wireless charging module where the transmitting coil is located and the second communication unit in the in-tire module exchange a predefined handshake signal to complete status confirmation and security authentication; after the handshake is successful, the wireless charging module switches to the energy output mode and provides non-contact energy to the receiving coil according to the preset power control curve.

[0011] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes: updating the supercapacitor's power statistics, health status parameters, and charge / discharge event records after each wireless power transmission ends; and sending the power statistics, health status parameters, and charge / discharge event records to the vehicle's domain controller, so that the domain controller can perform system diagnosis, energy efficiency assessment, or charging scheduling optimization based on the power statistics, health status parameters, and charge / discharge event records.

[0012] In one embodiment of this disclosure, charging a supercapacitor includes: when the voltage of the energy obtained by the receiving coil after rectification is higher than a preset reference voltage, the charging path is turned on to charge the supercapacitor.

[0013] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a smart tire system is provided, comprising: Sensors are used to detect tire condition in real time and obtain tire condition data; A wireless charging module is installed in the wheel arch area of ​​a vehicle. The wireless charging module includes a transmitting coil and a first communication unit. The transmitting coil is electrically connected to the vehicle power supply and is used to maintain an alternating electromagnetic field during vehicle operation. The in-tire module is located inside the tire and rotates with the tire. The in-tire module includes an interconnected receiving coil, a supercapacitor, a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, and a second communication unit; the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit is connected to the sensor. The domain controller is connected to a first communication unit and a second communication unit. The second communication unit is used to transmit tire status data to the domain controller. The domain controller is configured to implement the supercapacitor-based wireless charging method described above.

[0014] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the in-tire module further includes a reverse connection protection device and / or a current limiting device; the reverse connection protection device is used to block the discharge path of the supercapacitor to the receiving coil or rectifier voltage regulator circuit when wireless power transmission stops; the current limiting device is used to limit the current amplitude flowing into the supercapacitor during charging.

[0015] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a memory for storing instructions; and a processor for calling the instructions stored in the memory to implement the above-described wireless charging method based on supercapacitors.

[0016] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a vehicle is provided that includes the aforementioned intelligent tire system, or includes the aforementioned electronic equipment.

[0017] The technical solutions provided in this disclosure may have the following beneficial effects: This disclosure achieves precise start-stop control of wireless energy transmission by continuously exciting the transmitting coil with an onboard power supply to maintain an alternating electromagnetic field, and dynamically determining whether the in-tire module enters the effective wireless charging area based on tire state data during tire rotation. When the in-tire module enters the effective area, the receiving coil acquires energy and charges the supercapacitor, which then provides continuous power to the sensor after voltage stabilization. After leaving the effective area, the supercapacitor provides independent power. The synergistic effect of these technologies ensures that the in-tire sensor receives a stable power supply throughout the entire tire rotation cycle, supporting high-frequency, continuous tire state detection. This effectively solves the technical bottleneck of traditional battery-powered solutions, which are limited by energy and cannot achieve high sampling rates, long lifespans, and real-time sensing.

[0018] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0020] Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A flowchart of a wireless charging method based on a supercapacitor is shown in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a flowchart of the identification process for an effective wireless charging area according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 This diagram illustrates another flowchart for identifying an effective wireless charging area in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 This diagram illustrates a process flow chart for entering the effective area of ​​wireless charging in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 5 A flowchart of another wireless charging method based on supercapacitors is shown in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 6 This diagram illustrates a smart tire system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 This diagram illustrates a vehicle architecture with an intelligent tire system deployed in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8 This diagram shows a schematic representation of the left front wheel portion of the intelligent tire system in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 9A schematic diagram of a wireless charging system based on a supercapacitor is shown in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 10 This diagram illustrates a wireless charging module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 11 This diagram illustrates an intratubercular module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 12 A structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] The reference numerals in the attached figures are explained as follows: 10. Sensor; 20. In-tire module; 30. Wireless charging module; 40. Domain controller; 50. Smart tire; 60. Second communication unit; 70. Bluetooth receiver module; 80. Hardwire; 1001. Transmitting coil; 1002. Charging control circuit; 1003. Vehicle battery; 1101. Supercapacitor; 1102. Control board for in-tire sensor; 1103. Receiving coil; 1104. Power supply circuit for in-tire module; 1200. Electronic device; 1210. Processor; 1220. Memory; 12201. Random access memory; 12202. Cache; 12203. Read-only memory; 12204. Utility; 12205. Program module; 1230. Bus; 1240. External device; 1250. Input / output interface; 1260. Network adapter. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of this disclosure, the disclosure will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] The terms "first" and "second," etc., in this disclosure, claim, and drawings are used only to distinguish different objects and not to describe a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0025] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0026] In this disclosure, "at least one (item)" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "at least two (items)" means two or three or more, and "and / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. "Or" indicates that there can be two relationships, such as only A exists and only B exists; when A and B are not mutually exclusive, it can also mean that there are three relationships, such as only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c".

[0027] With the rapid development of vehicle technology, vehicle intelligence is constantly improving, and the level of intelligence in vehicle hardware is also increasing. Smart tires provide a new foundation for the development of today's ever-evolving intelligent vehicles. Unlike traditional tires, smart tires use intelligent sensing, with a smart chip inside the tire that can transmit tire temperature, tire pressure, and other information to the vehicle's main control system in real time. This allows the driver to obtain relevant tire information and maintain the vehicle in optimal operating condition.

[0028] However, current intelligent tire systems still have shortcomings. While these systems can transmit information such as tire pressure and temperature to the vehicle's main unit, the refresh rate is too long, approximately once every three minutes. This deficiency prevents the vehicle from receiving information in real time, leaving the driver without effective information from the intelligent tire sensors in unexpected situations. Although the information transmission cycle has been shortened, it still does not meet the driver's need for real-time monitoring of the vehicle's status.

[0029] In addition, due to the mechanical connections of the vehicle, it is impossible to power the smart chip inside the smart tire via physical wiring harnesses during operation. Instead, a micro-battery is used. A major problem with this micro-battery is that it cannot provide sustained power to the vehicle's sensors. Even if sustained power is achieved, it is impossible to shorten the interval between vehicle status transmissions.

[0030] To address the aforementioned issues, the solution provided in this disclosure enables real-time monitoring of vehicle parameters such as tire pressure, temperature, wheel speed, and three-axis acceleration, and transmits this real-time information to the vehicle domain controller. The domain controller receives and processes the status information from the four wheels, and then sends the real-time information to the vehicle gateway via CAN / CANFD signals. The wireless charging module at the vehicle body wirelessly charges the supercapacitors of the sensors inside the tires when the wheels rotate to a fixed angle, allowing the sensors to receive real-time power replenishment and preventing the sensors from being depleted and affecting tire status detection. When the sensors inside the wheels rotate to other angles where power replenishment is impossible, the power stored inside the supercapacitors continuously powers the sensors.

[0031] The deficiencies of the above solutions and the proposed solutions are the result of the inventors' practical experience and careful research. Therefore, the discovery process of the above problems and the solutions proposed in this disclosure below should be considered as the inventors' contributions to this disclosure.

[0032] It is understood that the data involved in this disclosure, including but not limited to the data itself, its acquisition, and its use, shall comply with the requirements of relevant laws, regulations, and provisions. Before using the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments of this disclosure, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in this disclosure in an appropriate manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and their authorization should be obtained.

[0033] The following detailed description of this exemplary implementation method is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a flowchart of a wireless charging method based on a supercapacitor, as shown in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the wireless charging method based on supercapacitor provided in this embodiment includes S101-S104.

[0035] In S101, the on-board power supply continuously supplies power to the transmitting coil fixedly installed in the wheel arch area of ​​the vehicle to maintain the alternating electromagnetic field during vehicle operation.

[0036] In some embodiments, an onboard power source, such as a vehicle 12V battery, continuously supplies power to a transmitting coil fixedly mounted in the vehicle's wheel arch area to maintain a stable alternating electromagnetic field during vehicle operation. This alternating electromagnetic field does not start or stop regardless of whether the in-tire module is in a charging position, thereby ensuring that energy reception can begin immediately once the in-tire module enters the effective coupling region.

[0037] In some embodiments, the transmitting coil may be disposed in the wireless charging module, which is installed in the wheel arch area of ​​the vehicle.

[0038] In S102, during the tire rotation process, based on the tire status data, it is determined whether the in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil; wherein, the in-tire module includes a receiving coil, a supercapacitor, and a sensor for real-time detection of the tire status, and the in-tire module rotates with the tire.

[0039] In some embodiments, during tire rotation, it is determined whether the in-tire module inside the tire enters the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil based on tire state data. The tire state data includes, but is not limited to, wheel speed signals and wheel rotation phase information, which can be obtained from the vehicle's existing wheel speed sensors and time synchronization mechanisms. The effective wireless charging area refers to the spatial range where the electromagnetic coupling strength between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil is sufficient to support effective energy transfer. The in-tire module is disposed inside the tire and rotates with the tire. It includes a receiving coil, a supercapacitor, and sensors for real-time detection of tire state, including tire pressure, temperature, and triaxial acceleration.

[0040] In S103, when it is determined that the in-tire module has entered the effective area of ​​wireless charging, wireless energy transmission is initiated, so that the receiving coil can obtain energy from the alternating electromagnetic field and charge the supercapacitor. At the same time, the supercapacitor continuously supplies power to the sensor after voltage stabilization.

[0041] In some embodiments, when the in-tire module is determined to have entered the effective wireless charging area, wireless power transmission is initiated, causing the receiving coil to induce an AC voltage from the alternating electromagnetic field. After rectification and filtering, a DC voltage is obtained, and the DC voltage is regulated to charge the supercapacitor. Simultaneously, the supercapacitor outputs a stable operating voltage, such as 3.3 V, through the same voltage regulation circuit or an independent voltage regulation unit, to provide continuous and uninterrupted power to the sensor, thereby supporting its high-frequency data acquisition, where the high frequency is, for example, not less than 1 kHz.

[0042] In S104, when the in-tire module leaves the wireless charging effective area as the tire rotates, wireless power transmission stops, and the supercapacitor continues to power the sensor until the in-tire module enters the wireless charging effective area again.

[0043] In some embodiments, when the in-tire module leaves the effective wireless charging area as the tire rotates, wireless energy transmission stops, that is, energy is no longer extracted from the magnetic field. At this time, the supercapacitor continues to power the sensor as the sole power source until the in-tire module rotates into the effective wireless charging area again, and the charging cycle restarts.

[0044] In some embodiments, a fully charged supercapacitor can support the sensor to operate continuously for hours to days, ensuring that tire condition monitoring is uninterrupted even if the vehicle is not in the charging area for an extended period of time.

[0045] The above steps constitute a dynamic, closed-loop power management mechanism, which is particularly suitable for high-speed rotating tire applications without physical connections, effectively solving the problems of short lifespan and low sampling rate of traditional battery power supply.

[0046] In some embodiments, tire state data includes wheel speed data and wheel phase information. During tire rotation, based on the tire state data, determining whether the in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil may include... Figure 2 S201-S203 are shown.

[0047] In S201, the relative position of the tire with respect to the transmitting coil is estimated in real time by combining wheel speed data, wheel phase information and a preset spatial coupling model.

[0048] Wheel speed data can be provided by the wheel speed sensor of the vehicle's anti-lock braking system (ABS), and wheel phase information can be obtained through timestamp synchronization or magnetic field marking. The preset spatial coupling model can be a mapping relationship established based on finite element electromagnetic simulation or actual measurement calibration, used to describe the spatial relative position and electromagnetic coupling characteristics between the receiving coil and the fixed transmitting coil at different rotation angles of the tire.

[0049] In S202, the coupling coefficient between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil is calculated based on their relative positions.

[0050] The coupling coefficient mentioned above reflects the flux linkage efficiency between the two and is a key parameter for measuring energy transfer capability.

[0051] In S203, based on the coupling coefficient and the distance or field strength parameters between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil, it is determined whether the in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil.

[0052] The field strength parameter can be obtained from the induced voltage of the receiving coil or a dedicated field strength detection circuit, and can optionally be processed by low-pass filtering or moving average to suppress transient interference caused by rotation.

[0053] The above solution achieves high-precision real-time estimation of the position of the module inside the tire by integrating wheel speed, phase and spatial coupling models. It also performs multi-dimensional threshold judgment by combining the coupling coefficient and the filtered field strength parameters, which significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of wireless charging area identification and effectively avoids false triggering or missed triggering caused by high-speed tire rotation, thereby ensuring the high efficiency of energy transmission and the reliability of the system.

[0054] In some embodiments, determining whether an in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil is based on the coupling coefficient and the distance or field strength parameters between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil. This may include... Figure 3S301-S302 are shown.

[0055] In S301, the field strength parameter is filtered, and at least one of the filtered field strength value, coupling coefficient, and distance is compared with the corresponding preset threshold.

[0056] The field strength parameter can be obtained from the open-circuit voltage induced by the receiving coil or from a dedicated magnetic field sensor.

[0057] Filtering processes include low-pass filtering, moving average, or Kalman filtering, which are used to suppress high-frequency noise and transient fluctuations caused by tire rotation, metal rim obstruction, or road vibration, thereby obtaining a more stable field strength estimate.

[0058] The preset thresholds can be pre-calibrated according to the system design requirements. For example, the coupling coefficient threshold can be set to 0.15, and the field strength threshold can be set to a voltage of not less than 2.4 V after rectification.

[0059] In S302, when the preset threshold condition is met, the module inside the tire is determined to be in the effective area of ​​wireless charging; otherwise, it is determined to be in an ineffective area.

[0060] The above determination results can be used to trigger subsequent handshake authentication and energy transfer processes, ensuring that charging is started only under reliable coupling conditions, and avoiding invalid or inefficient energy supply.

[0061] This embodiment of the invention introduces filtering processing of field strength parameters and combines multi-dimensional physical quantities such as coupling coefficient and distance with preset thresholds for joint judgment. This embodiment effectively improves the anti-interference capability and discrimination accuracy of wireless charging area identification. Under working conditions of high-speed tire rotation and complex electromagnetic environment, it can accurately distinguish between rechargeable and non-rechargeable positions, significantly reduce the false trigger rate, and ensure that wireless energy transmission is started only within the efficient coupling window, thereby improving overall energy efficiency and operational reliability.

[0062] In some embodiments, when it is determined that the in-tire module has entered the effective wireless charging area, initiating wireless power transfer may include... Figure 4 S401-S402 are shown.

[0063] In S401, the first communication unit in the wireless charging module where the transmitting coil is located exchanges a predefined handshake signal with the second communication unit in the in-tire module to complete status confirmation and security authentication.

[0064] In some embodiments, the first and second communication units may employ Bluetooth Low Energy or a dedicated near-field communication protocol; the handshake signal includes device identification, power supply capability negotiation information, and an encrypted authentication code, used to verify the legitimacy of the in-tire module and confirm its current operating status, such as whether the supercapacitor voltage is within the rechargeable range. This process prevents unauthorized devices from accessing the device or starting charging under abnormal conditions, thus improving safety.

[0065] In S402, after a successful handshake, the wireless charging module switches to energy output mode and provides contactless energy to the receiving coil according to a preset power control curve.

[0066] The preset power control curve can be dynamically adjusted according to the coupling strength. For example, a soft-start strategy can be adopted: initially, the power output is lower, and then gradually increased to the target power after the feedback from the receiving end stabilizes, avoiding overload of the rectifier circuit or sudden voltage rise of the supercapacitor due to instantaneous large current surges. During energy transmission, the two parties can also exchange real-time status information through a communication link to achieve closed-loop power regulation.

[0067] This disclosed embodiment introduces a security authentication and status confirmation mechanism based on a predefined handshake signal before energy transmission, and dynamically adjusts the output power according to a preset power control curve after successful authentication. This effectively achieves the safety, controllability, and adaptability of the wireless charging process. It not only prevents unauthorized access and abnormal charging, but also reduces electromagnetic shock and circuit stress through soft-start and power ramp strategies, significantly improving the operational stability and energy transmission efficiency under complex working conditions such as high-speed tire rotation and time-varying coupling states.

[0068] In some embodiments, the above-described wireless charging method based on supercapacitors may further include: updating the supercapacitor's power statistics, health status parameters, and charging / discharging event records after each wireless energy transmission ends; and sending the power statistics, health status parameters, and charging / discharging event records to the vehicle's domain controller, so that the domain controller can perform system diagnosis, energy efficiency assessment, or charging scheduling optimization based on the power statistics, health status parameters, and charging / discharging event records.

[0069] In some embodiments, the system automatically updates the operational data related to the supercapacitor after each wireless charging cycle, including: Battery statistics, such as current remaining battery power and total charge amount; Health status parameters, such as equivalent series resistance (ESR) and capacitance decay trend; Record charging and discharging events, such as charging start and end times, duration, and energy transfer amount.

[0070] This data is transmitted to the vehicle's domain controller via a wireless communication unit such as Bluetooth within the in-tire module. The domain controller uses this information for higher-level management, such as: Determining whether the intrauterine energy supply system is abnormal, i.e., system diagnosis; Analyze the efficiency and energy consumption of wireless charging, i.e., energy efficiency assessment; Optimize future charging strategies, such as adjusting transmission power or predicting the optimal charging window, i.e., optimize charging scheduling.

[0071] This disclosure constructs a closed-loop energy management and health monitoring system, which not only enables dynamic power supply but also allows for long-term tracking and intelligent analysis of the supercapacitor's usage status. By uploading local sensing and charging data to the domain controller, it achieves a shift from "passive power supply" to "active maintenance," significantly improving the reliability, maintainability, and long-term operating efficiency of the tire wireless power supply system, and providing a data foundation for predictive maintenance and vehicle energy synergy optimization.

[0072] In some embodiments, charging a supercapacitor includes: when the voltage of the energy obtained by the receiving coil after rectification is higher than a preset reference voltage, the charging path is turned on to charge the supercapacitor.

[0073] In some embodiments, the charging control circuit in the in-tire module monitors the DC voltage obtained after rectifying the induced energy from the receiving coil. The charging path is only activated when this voltage exceeds a preset reference voltage, such as 2.4 V, allowing current to flow into the supercapacitor for charging, such as by turning on a MOSFET switch or enabling the charging IC. If the rectified voltage does not reach the reference threshold, the charging path remains open to prevent invalid or reverse energy flow.

[0074] This embodiment of the present disclosure effectively prevents invalid charging or energy backflow caused by insufficient induced voltage in weakly coupled or low field strength regions by setting a preset reference voltage as the basis for determining charging start and stop. This not only improves the efficiency of wireless energy utilization, but also avoids the performance degradation caused by repeated micro-charging and discharging of supercapacitors under low voltage conditions, thereby enhancing stability and the service life of energy storage devices.

[0075] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates a flowchart of a wireless charging method based on a supercapacitor, as shown in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 As shown, the method includes S501-S505.

[0076] In the S501, the vehicle's own 12V DC battery continuously powers the transmitting coil. During vehicle operation, the transmitting coil, mounted on the front wheel arch, operates. When the supercapacitor sensor inside the tire rotates into the charging range of the transmitting coil, the in-tire module is charged. The transmitting coil can also be called a wireless charging coil.

[0077] In the S502, the tire-internal sensor module rotates with the tire, simultaneously measuring the internal state of the tire and transmitting the information to the domain controller via Bluetooth BLE 5.3. During rotation, the effective wireless charging area is determined.

[0078] In S503, when the tire sensor rotates to the wireless charging area, the wireless charging is successfully detected. At this time, the vehicle's wireless charging system starts working, that is, it starts wireless energy transmission, so that the receiving coil obtains energy from the alternating electromagnetic field and charges the supercapacitor. At the same time, the supercapacitor continuously supplies power to the sensor after voltage stabilization.

[0079] In S504, within the charging area, the supercapacitor of the vehicle's tire sensor is wirelessly charged via a receiving coil to store power and supply power to the measuring sensor in real time.

[0080] In the S505, once the tire leaves the charging area, the supercapacitor portion of the sensor stops charging, while the supercapacitor continues to power the sensor until the next wireless charging zone.

[0081] The vehicle's own 12V DC battery always powers the wireless charging coil. During vehicle operation, the wireless charging coil installed on the front wheel arch operates, and the in-tire module is charged when the supercapacitor sensor inside the tire rotates into the charging range of the wireless charging coil.

[0082] More specifically, in one embodiment, a conventional 12V DC battery pack on the vehicle is configured to provide stable DC power to a wireless charging coil module installed within the wheel arch. The supercapacitor, acting as a short-term energy buffer and high-instantaneous-time power receiver, maintains continuous operation of the transmitting module during vehicle movement to sustain the inductive coupling field and prepare for energy transfer at any time. To ensure power supply reliability, the supercapacitor may be equipped with a power management unit that performs voltage conversion, current limiting, surge suppression, and over-temperature protection, and can report operating status and fault information to the vehicle domain controller via a Bluetooth BLE 5.3 transmitting module. This step aims to ensure that the transmitter remains available throughout tire rotation, allowing the charging process to begin immediately when the supercapacitor receiver within the tire enters the energy coupling region.

[0083] In some embodiments, the wireless charging control circuit has a built-in 30 kΩ resistor and a reference voltage of 2.4V, so that when the wireless charging circuit receives magnetic resonance coupling from the wireless charging module and the voltage is higher than the reference voltage, it supplies power to the supercapacitor.

[0084] In some embodiments, the energy storage device used to power the in-tire module sensor is a supercapacitor.

[0085] In some embodiments, S502 specifically includes: the supercapacitor in the tire in-tire module is charged wirelessly, the tire in-tire module is rotated to the charging angle of the wireless charging transmitting coil, and the tire in-tire module receives power from the coil and then charges.

[0086] In some embodiments, S502 specifically includes: the transmission signal of in-tire data is transmitted via Bluetooth version BLE5.3, the in-tire module is equipped with a Bluetooth signal transmitter, and the domain controller is equipped with a Bluetooth signal receiver.

[0087] In some embodiments, S502 specifically includes: determining the rotation area; the domain controller, combining wheel speed sensor data, wheel phase information, and a preset spatial coupling model, estimates the relative position of the tire with respect to the transmitting coil in real time, and determines whether the tire is currently in an effective charging area based on the coupling coefficient between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil, the distance between the receiving end and the transmitting end, or field strength parameters. This determination process employs matching strategies such as threshold comparison and filtered field strength estimation to correctly distinguish between rechargeable and non-rechargeable positions during tire rotation, reducing false triggering rate and improving charging efficiency.

[0088] The tire's internal sensor module rotates with the tire, simultaneously measuring the tire's internal condition and transmitting the information to the domain controller via Bluetooth BLE 5.3. During rotation, it also determines the effective area for wireless charging.

[0089] During vehicle movement and tire rotation, a sensor system installed inside the tire continuously collects key internal state data, including but not limited to local battery voltage, charge state, temperature, tire pressure, and triaxial acceleration. The sensor system transmits the collected data to a smart tire domain controller via Bluetooth 5.3. The domain controller combines wheel speed sensor data, wheel phase information, and a pre-defined spatial coupling model to estimate the tire's relative position to the transmitting coil in real time. Based on the coupling coefficient between the receiving and transmitting coils, the distance between the receiver and transmitter, or field strength parameters, it determines whether the vehicle is currently in a valid charging area. This determination process employs matching strategies such as threshold comparison and filtered field strength estimation to correctly distinguish between rechargeable and non-rechargeable positions during tire rotation, reducing false triggering rates and improving charging efficiency.

[0090] In some embodiments, S503 specifically includes: after the wireless charging system determines that the wireless charging system is successful, the transmitting module and the receiving unit inside the tire confirm the status and perform security authentication through a predefined handshake signal. After the handshake is successful, the transmitting end switches to the energy output mode and provides contactless energy to the receiving end with a controlled power curve.

[0091] When the tire sensor system rotates into the wireless charging area, the wireless charging system determines that the wireless charging system has succeeded, and the vehicle's wireless charging system then begins to operate.

[0092] When the wireless transmitting coil module determines that the receiving unit inside the tire has entered or is about to enter the effective charging area, the system executes the charging initiation process. Specifically, the transmitting module and the receiving unit inside the tire achieve status confirmation and security authentication through a predefined handshake signal. After a successful handshake, the transmitter switches to energy output mode and provides contactless energy to the receiver with a controlled power curve. During the handshake, parameters such as identification information, the receiver's current battery voltage and temperature, and the required charging power limit can also be exchanged, so that the transmitter can adjust the output power according to the receiver's allowed safety boundaries. If the handshake or authentication fails, the transmitter remains in standby mode to avoid energy waste and potential safety risks. This step ensures that energy transfer is only implemented when both parties meet the conditions and safety measures are in effect.

[0093] In some embodiments, S504 specifically includes: the supercapacitor charging management is provided with a reverse connection protection device and a current limiting device. The reverse connection protection device is used to prevent the supercapacitor from being reverse-charged when the wireless charging control circuit is not powered, thereby increasing the service life of the supercapacitor. The current limiting device is used to prevent excessive current and protect the supercapacitor device that powers the sensor.

[0094] In some embodiments, S504 specifically includes: the supercapacitor at the receiving end continuously provides the necessary operating power to its measuring sensor during charging, ensuring that the sensor does not interrupt measurement and communication functions while being charged.

[0095] Within the charging area, the supercapacitor of the vehicle's in-tire sensor system is wirelessly charged via a receiving coil to store electricity and power the measuring sensors in real time.

[0096] After the tire is within the effective coupling range and the handshake is completed, the contactless energy transfer enters the active charging phase. The transmitter feeds a magnetic field to the receiving coil, which rectifies the coupled energy and charges the tire's supercapacitor unit. The charging process is controlled in a closed loop by the domain controller's charging management module, which dynamically adjusts the transmission power based on real-time monitoring of battery voltage, battery temperature, and received power to achieve a safe and controllable charging curve and prevent overcharging or overheating. Simultaneously, the supercapacitor at the receiving end continuously provides necessary power to its measurement sensors during charging, ensuring that the sensors' measurement and communication functions are not interrupted while being charged. To improve charging efficiency and reliability, the system employs techniques such as pulse width modulation, phase alignment, impedance matching, or adaptive frequency tracking to optimize coupling efficiency and suppress electromagnetic interference.

[0097] In some embodiments, S505 specifically includes: to ensure continuous power supply and data acquisition, the system updates the power statistics and battery health status after each charge, and sends diagnostic information back to the vehicle domain controller for long-term energy management and maintenance planning. Furthermore, the system can record charge and discharge events for subsequent fault diagnosis, energy efficiency assessment, and optimized scheduling.

[0098] Once the tire leaves the charging area, the supercapacitor portion of the sensor stops charging, while the supercapacitor continues to power the sensor until the next wireless charging zone.

[0099] As the tire continues to rotate with the vehicle and gradually deviates from the effective coupling area, the coupling coefficient decreases and is detected by the domain controller. The system response includes safely terminating energy transfer according to a predetermined strategy and executing a charging termination procedure. Termination can be triggered by a disconnect signal from the receiver. After charging stops, the supercapacitor energy storage power supply inside the tire continues to power the sensor until it enters the next rechargeable zone or until the stored energy drops to the minimum safe threshold. Calculations show that, without wireless charging, a fully charged supercapacitor can provide approximately one week of power support for the sensor. To ensure continuous power supply and data acquisition, the system updates the battery level statistics and battery health status after each charge and sends diagnostic information back to the vehicle domain controller for long-term energy management and maintenance planning. In addition, the system can record charging and discharging events for subsequent fault diagnosis, energy efficiency assessment, and optimized scheduling.

[0100] This disclosure aims to solve the problems of charging and signal transmission for internal sensors in intelligent vehicle tires. A supercapacitor inside the intelligent tire is powered at a fixed angle, and the supercapacitor simultaneously powers the sensors for signal transmission. The sensor signals are transmitted to the domain controller's receiver via Bluetooth BLE 5.3. The transmission frequency is 3kHz to transmit tire information in real time.

[0101] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides an intelligent tire system, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the intelligent tire system includes a sensor 10, an in-tire module 20, a wireless charging module 30, and a domain controller 40.

[0102] Sensor 10 is used to detect tire status in real time and obtain tire status data; wireless charging module 30 is installed in the wheel arch area of ​​the vehicle. Wireless charging module 30 includes a transmitting coil and a first communication unit. The transmitting coil is electrically connected to the vehicle power supply and is used to maintain an alternating electromagnetic field during vehicle operation; tire in-tire module 20 is disposed inside the tire and rotates with the tire. Tire in-tire module 20 includes a receiving coil, a supercapacitor, a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, and a second communication unit that are interconnected; the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit is connected to sensor 10; domain controller 40 is communicatively connected to the first communication unit and the second communication unit. The second communication unit is used to transmit tire status data to domain controller 40; domain controller 40 is configured to implement the supercapacitor-based wireless charging method described in the previous embodiment.

[0103] Understandably, sensor 10 may also be equipped with a separate communication unit, such as a third communication unit, which can then directly transmit tire status data to domain controller 40. The number of sensors 10 can be multiple.

[0104] In some embodiments, the in-tire module 20 further includes a reverse connection protection device and / or a current limiting device; the reverse connection protection device is used to block the discharge path of the supercapacitor to the receiving coil or rectifier voltage regulator circuit when wireless power transmission stops; the current limiting device is used to limit the current amplitude flowing into the supercapacitor during charging.

[0105] This embodiment enables real-time monitoring of vehicle parameters such as tire pressure, temperature, wheel speed, and three-axis acceleration, and transmits this real-time information to the wireless receiving module of the vehicle domain controller 40 via a wireless transmitting module. The domain controller 40 receives and processes the status information transmitted from the four wheels, and then sends the real-time information to the vehicle gateway via CAN / CANFD signals. The wireless charging module 30 at the vehicle body wirelessly charges the supercapacitor of the tire-mounted sensor 10 when the wheel rotates to a fixed angle, allowing the sensor 10 to receive real-time power replenishment and preventing the sensor 10 from being unable to detect tire status due to power loss. When the sensor 10 rotates to other angles where power replenishment is impossible, the power stored in the supercapacitor continuously powers the sensor 10.

[0106] Figure 7This is a vehicle architecture diagram showing a smart tire system. The wireless charging module 30 is the vehicle's wireless charging device, responsible for charging the tire status sensors 10 inside the tires. To prevent mud splashed from the tires from affecting the quality of wireless charging, a supercapacitor wireless power supply device is installed directly in front of the tire arch. The tire status sensors 10 of the in-tire module 20 in the smart tire 50 are installed inside the smart tire 50. All four tires of the vehicle are smart tires 50, responsible for real-time monitoring of tire pressure, temperature, triaxial acceleration, and other internal and external tire parameters. The real-time tire information is transmitted wirelessly to the vehicle domain controller 40 via Bluetooth. The second communication unit 60 is the wireless transmitter for the vehicle's in-tire sensors 10, transmitting data using Bluetooth BLE 5.3. The Bluetooth receiver module 70 of the smart tire system uses BLE 5.3 to receive the real-time data transmitted by the four smart tire sensors 10, and the domain controller 40 aggregates the signals and transmits the CAN signal to the vehicle's electronic control system. Domain controller 40 is the controller for the Bluetooth receiver, responsible for aggregating the tire data information received by Bluetooth receiver module 70, i.e., the tire status data mentioned earlier, and processing the information before transmitting it to the vehicle gateway. Domain controller 40 and vehicle gateway are connected via hardwire 80, transmitting signals using CAN / CANFD signals. The vehicle's electronic control system makes the most accurate logical judgment in real time based on the real-time vehicle tire data and transmits this information to the driver.

[0107] In this embodiment, the in-tire module 20 powers the sensor 10 via a supercapacitor and simultaneously stores the energy added by the wireless charging module 30. The wireless charging module 30 is mounted on the wingplate directly in front of the vehicle tire and transfers energy through a transmitting coil and a receiving coil. During charging, the wireless transmitting coil is at a fixed angle, so when the in-tire module 20 rotates to the corresponding angle, the supercapacitor's energy can be replenished wirelessly. The internal data measured by the tire sensor 10 is transmitted to the data receiving module of the domain controller 40 via the transmitting module, and the wireless transmission is performed using BLE 5.3. The domain controller 40 aggregates and processes the data sent by the tire sensor 10 and sends it to the vehicle gateway in the form of CAN / CANFD signals. This invention uses a supercapacitor as an energy storage unit to provide a stable power supply for the high-frequency tire signal sensor 10; simultaneously, the sensor 10 transmits the collected high-frequency tire status data to the vehicle domain controller 40 in real time via wireless Bluetooth communication, thereby achieving the technical effect of combining real-time wireless transmission of tire data with wireless charging.

[0108] Figure 8A schematic diagram of the left front wheel portion of the intelligent tire system is shown. A wireless charging module 30 is installed in the wheel arch directly in front of the tire to wirelessly charge the supercapacitor device of the sensor 10 inside the wheel. The sensor 10, installed inside the vehicle, monitors tire temperature, tire pressure, speed, and triaxial acceleration in real time. While the sensor 10 measures the data inside the tire, a supercapacitor inside the tire powers the sensor 10. The charging range provided by the wireless charging device is... Figure 8 As shown in the angle θ, when the tire rotates into the wireless charging range, the vehicle tire will wirelessly charge the sensor 10 via a supercapacitor, enabling the vehicle's built-in sensor 10 to operate in real time and extending the usage time of the sensor 10's supercapacitor.

[0109] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a wireless charging system based on a supercapacitor is shown. The RLC transmitting unit is the wireless charging module 30 described earlier. The RLC transmitting unit transfers electrical energy to the wireless charging control circuit via magnetic resonance coupling, and its voltage is 12V. The wireless charging control circuit is equipped with a built-in chip, which contains a 30kΩ resistor to set the reference voltage to 2.4V. When the wireless charging control circuit receives electrical energy transferred via magnetic resonance coupling, the wireless charging circuit is at 4.2V. At this time, the wireless charging control circuit is higher than the reference voltage of 2.4V and higher than the internal voltage of the supercapacitor of 3.3V, so the wireless charging control circuit supplies power to the supercapacitor. The supercapacitor charging management includes a reverse connection protection device and a current limiting device. The reverse connection protection device prevents the supercapacitor from recharging when the wireless charging control circuit is not supplying power, increasing the lifespan of the supercapacitor. The current limiting device prevents excessive current and protects the supercapacitor device that supplies power to the sensor 10. The supercapacitor is responsible for supplying power to the in-tire sensor 10. The electrical energy of the supercapacitor is unstable, so a voltage regulator circuit is necessary to provide a stable voltage to the in-tire sensor 10 module. The in-tire sensor 10 module transmits signals to the domain controller 40 via the Bluetooth module. The domain controller 40 then processes the signals for subsequent operational reference. It is understood that the in-tire module 20 described above may include the aforementioned wireless charging control circuit, supercapacitor charging management, and voltage regulation circuit. The wireless charging control circuit may include the previously described receiving coil. The Bluetooth module described above is the second communication unit 60 described above.

[0110] Figure 10 A wireless charging module is shown, including a transmitting coil 1001, a charging control circuit 1002, and an external vehicle battery 1003. The transmitting coil 1001 is used to charge the supercapacitor of an internal sensor in a smart tire, with a maximum transmitting power of less than 5W and a maximum size of 200mm. 120mm. The vehicle battery 1003 has a voltage of 12V and supports voltage fluctuations of 9~17V. The charging control circuit 1002, located on the circuit board, controls the charging coil.

[0111] Figure 11 An in-tire module is shown, including a supercapacitor 1101, a control board 1102 for an in-tire sensor, a receiving coil 1103, and a power supply line 1104. The supercapacitor 1101 powers the sensor 10 inside the tire and stores electrical energy for use when the vehicle tire travels to an area without charging. The control board 1102 controls the vehicle according to the corresponding program and is equipped with a Bluetooth transmitter to send the in-tire data measured by the sensor 10 to the data receiver of the domain controller 40. The receiving coil 1103 receives electrical energy from the wireless charging transmitter and transfers it to the supercapacitor for storage. The CPU core of the in-tire module 20 is powered by 3.3V. The sensor 10 measures the vehicle's triaxial acceleration, temperature, tire pressure, speed, and other related parameters. Its maximum sampling frequency is 3kHz, and it is equipped with a Bluetooth transmitter module using BLE 5.3, with a design life of 3-5 years.

[0112] In some embodiments, the domain controller 40, used to process the signals from sensor 10, is powered by 12V, and a CPU computing power requirement of 2000 DMIPS is recommended. It is also equipped with a Bluetooth receiver module 70, using BLE 5.3, responsible for receiving data signals from the in-tire sensor 10. For effective operation of the domain controller 40, it is equipped with at least two CAN / CANFD lines, and the controller's maximum power consumption does not exceed 8W.

[0113] The concepts of "first" and "second" mentioned in this disclosure are used only to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to define the order of functions performed by these devices, modules or units or their interdependencies.

[0114] It should be noted that although several modules or units for the device used to perform actions have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above can be embodied in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules or units.

[0115] Some of the block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0116] The following reference Figure 12 This describes the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 12 The electronic device 1200 shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0117] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates the architecture of an electronic device 1200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 As shown, the electronic device 1200 includes, but is not limited to, at least one processor 1210 and at least one memory 1220, the memory 1220 being used to store instructions.

[0118] In some embodiments, memory 1220 may include a readable medium in the form of volatile memory cells, such as random access memory cell 12201 and / or cache 12202, and may further include read-only memory cell 12203.

[0119] In some embodiments, the memory 1220 may also include a utility 12204 having a set (at least one) of program modules 12205, such program modules 12205 including but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each or some combination of these examples may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0120] In some embodiments, the memory 1220 may also store data.

[0121] As an example, processor 1210 can read data stored in memory 1220, which may be stored at the same memory address as the instruction, or the data may be stored at a different memory address than the instruction.

[0122] Processor 1210 is configured to invoke instructions stored in memory 1220 to implement the steps described in the "Exemplary Methods" section above, according to various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. For example, processor 1210 can execute the steps of the above-described embodiments of the supercapacitor-based wireless charging method.

[0123] It should be noted that the processor 1210 described above can be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor. The processor 1210 may include one or more processing cores, and the processor 1210 executes various functional applications and data processing by running instructions.

[0124] In this disclosure, the processor 1210 and memory 1220 can be configured separately or integrated together. As an example, the processor 1210 and memory 1220 can be integrated on a single board or a system-on-a-chip.

[0125] like Figure 12 As shown, the electronic device 1200 is embodied in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The electronic device 1200 may also include a bus 1230.

[0126] Bus 1230 can represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, peripheral bus, graphics acceleration port, processor, or a local bus using any of the various bus structures.

[0127] The electronic device 1200 can also communicate with one or more external devices 1240, such as a keyboard, pointing device, Bluetooth device, etc., and can also communicate with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 1200, and / or with any device that enables the electronic device 1200 to communicate with one or more other computing devices, such as a router, modem, etc. Such communication can be performed through the input / output interface 1250.

[0128] Furthermore, the electronic device 1200 can also communicate with one or more networks, such as local area networks, wide area networks, and / or public networks, such as the Internet, via the network adapter 1260.

[0129] like Figure 12 As shown, network adapter 1260 communicates with other modules of electronic device 1200 via bus 1230.

[0130] It should be understood that, although not shown in the figure, other hardware and / or software modules may be used in conjunction with the electronic device 1200, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0131] It is understood that the structures illustrated in the embodiments of this disclosure do not constitute a specific limitation on the electronic device 1200. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the electronic device 1200 may include... Figure 12 This may involve more or fewer components, or combining certain components, or splitting certain components, or different component arrangements. Figure 12 The components shown can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both.

[0132] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides a vehicle that includes electronic devices or a smart tire system. The electronic devices may be the electronic devices described in the preceding embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0133] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be specifically implemented in the following forms: a completely hardware implementation, a completely software implementation, or a combination of hardware and software implementation, which can be collectively referred to as a "circuit", "module" or "system".

[0134] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein.

[0135] This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wireless charging method based on supercapacitors, characterized in that, include: The onboard power supply continuously supplies power to the transmitting coil, which is fixedly installed in the wheel arch area of ​​the vehicle, so as to maintain the alternating electromagnetic field during vehicle operation; During tire rotation, based on tire status data, it is determined whether the in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil; wherein, the in-tire module includes a receiving coil, a supercapacitor, and a sensor for real-time detection of tire status, and the in-tire module rotates with the tire; When it is determined that the in-tire module has entered the effective area of ​​wireless charging, wireless energy transmission is initiated, so that the receiving coil can obtain energy from the alternating electromagnetic field and charge the supercapacitor. At the same time, the supercapacitor continuously supplies power to the sensor after voltage stabilization. When the in-tire module rotates away from the effective wireless charging area along with the tire, wireless power transmission stops, and the supercapacitor continues to power the sensor until the in-tire module enters the effective wireless charging area again.

2. The wireless charging method based on supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tire status data includes wheel speed data and wheel phase information; the step of determining whether the in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil during tire rotation, based on the tire status data, includes: By combining the wheel speed data, the wheel phase information, and the preset spatial coupling model, the relative position of the tire with respect to the transmitting coil is estimated in real time. Based on the relative positions, calculate the coupling coefficient between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil; Based on the coupling coefficient and the distance or field strength parameters between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil, it is determined whether the in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil.

3. The wireless charging method based on supercapacitors according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the in-tire module inside the tire has entered the effective wireless charging area of ​​the transmitting coil, based on the coupling coefficient and the distance or field strength parameters between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil, includes: The field strength parameter is filtered, and at least one of the filtered field strength value, the coupling coefficient, and the distance is compared with a corresponding preset threshold. When the preset threshold condition is met, the in-tire module is determined to be in the effective wireless charging area; otherwise, it is determined to be in an ineffective area.

4. The wireless charging method based on supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that, When it is determined that the in-tire module has entered the effective wireless charging area, the wireless power transmission is initiated, including: The first communication unit in the wireless charging module where the transmitting coil is located exchanges a predefined handshake signal with the second communication unit in the in-tire module to complete status confirmation and security authentication. After a successful handshake, the wireless charging module switches to energy output mode and provides contactless energy to the receiving coil according to a preset power control curve.

5. The wireless charging method based on supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: After each wireless power transmission ends, update the supercapacitor's power statistics, health status parameters, and charging / discharging event records. The battery power statistics, health status parameters, and charging / discharging event records are sent to the vehicle's domain controller, enabling the domain controller to perform system diagnostics, energy efficiency assessments, or charging scheduling optimizations based on the battery power statistics, health status parameters, and charging / discharging event records.

6. The wireless charging method based on supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging of the supercapacitor includes: when the voltage of the energy obtained by the receiving coil after rectification is higher than a preset reference voltage, the charging path is turned on to charge the supercapacitor.

7. An intelligent tire system, characterized in that, include: Sensors are used to detect tire condition in real time and obtain tire condition data; A wireless charging module is installed in the wheel arch area of ​​a vehicle. The wireless charging module includes a transmitting coil and a first communication unit. The transmitting coil is electrically connected to the vehicle power supply and is used to maintain an alternating electromagnetic field during vehicle operation. An in-tire module, disposed inside the tire and rotating with the tire, includes a receiving coil, a supercapacitor, a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, and a second communication unit connected to each other; the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit is connected to the sensor; A domain controller is communicatively connected to the first communication unit and the second communication unit, wherein the second communication unit is used to transmit the tire status data to the domain controller; The domain controller is configured to implement the supercapacitor-based wireless charging method as described in claim 1.

8. The intelligent tire system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The in-tire module also includes a reverse connection protection device and / or a current limiting device; The reverse connection protection device is used to block the discharge path of the supercapacitor to the receiving coil or rectifier voltage regulator circuit when wireless power transmission stops. The current limiting device is used to limit the current amplitude flowing into the supercapacitor during charging.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store instructions; A processor is configured to invoke instructions stored in the memory to implement the wireless charging method based on a supercapacitor as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the intelligent tire system as described in claim 7 or 8, or the electronic device as described in claim 9.

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