Disc granulator for processing household garbage incineration fly ash based on geopolymerization reaction

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of granulating equipment, in particular to a disc granulator for treating household garbage incineration fly ash based on geopolymerization reaction; the disc granulator comprises a rack, a granulating disc, a driving mechanism and a baffle assembly; the rack is connected with a rotating frame capable of rotating; the baffle assembly is arranged in the granulating disc, and comprises a motor frame, a rotating motor mounted on the motor frame, and a rotating frame fixedly connected to a rotating shaft of the rotating motor; a plurality of arc-shaped track seats are fixedly connected to the periphery of the rotating frame, a first sliding block is slidably connected to the track seat, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first sliding block, and a baffle is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft; an elastic mechanism corresponding to the baffle is fixedly connected to the rotating frame; in the working process, the baffle encounters material resistance, the first sliding block can slide along the track seat and compress the spring, so that the baffle automatically descends, and the gap between the baffle and the bottom of the granulating disc can be adaptively adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of granulation equipment technology, and in particular to a disc granulator for treating fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration based on geopolymerization reaction. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the amount of municipal solid waste generated has increased dramatically, and incineration power generation has become one of the main methods of waste disposal. However, the incineration process produces a large amount of fly ash, which is enriched with heavy metals, dioxins, and other harmful substances, and is classified as hazardous waste, requiring harmless treatment and resource utilization. Geopolymerization is a process in which silicoaluminogenic raw materials undergo depolymerization-condensation reactions to form a three-dimensional network inorganic polymer under the action of an alkaline activator. Utilizing geopolymerization to treat incineration fly ash can effectively solidify the heavy metals in the fly ash and transform them into materials with cementing properties, which can then be used to prepare lightweight aggregates and other building materials, making it one of the effective ways to realize the resource utilization of fly ash. In the fly ash geopolymerization treatment process, the disc granulator is one of the key pieces of equipment, used to produce spherical particles with a certain strength and particle size from the mixture of fly ash and geopolymerization activator.

[0003] Existing disc granulators typically consist of a tilted, rotating disc. Material gradually forms granules as the disc rotates and rolls. Fixed baffles are usually installed inside the disc to control the material's trajectory and discharge. However, for the specific process of polymerization reactions, existing disc granulators have the following shortcomings:

[0004] First, the geopolymerization process has specific requirements for the mixing and rolling state of the materials. In the early stages of the reaction, sufficient mixing and rolling are needed to promote pellet formation, while in the later stages, excessive compression should be avoided to prevent damage to the already formed particle structure. Traditional fixed baffles cannot adjust their position and angle according to the reaction progress, making it difficult to optimize the movement path and residence time of the materials within the disc, thus affecting the pellet quality and reaction efficiency.

[0005] The baffles wear down during use, increasing the gap between the baffles and the bottom of the granulation tray. The existing fixed baffles are inconvenient to adjust, usually requiring manual disassembly and re-fixing after the machine is stopped. This operation is cumbersome, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, and cannot achieve dynamic and continuous adjustment, affecting the continuity and flexibility of production. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a disc granulator for treating fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration based on geopolymerization reactions, aiming to solve the problems in the background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The disc granulator for treating municipal solid waste incineration fly ash based on geopolymerization reaction proposed in this invention includes a frame, a granulation disc, a drive mechanism, and a baffle assembly; a rotatable rotating frame is connected to the frame, the drive mechanism is fixedly installed on the rotating frame, and the granulation disc is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive mechanism; the baffle assembly is disposed inside the granulation disc, and the baffle assembly includes a motor frame, a rotary motor installed on the motor frame, and a rotating frame fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the rotary motor; multiple arc-shaped track seats are fixedly connected around the rotating frame, a first slider is slidably connected to the track seats, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first slider, and a baffle is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft; elastic mechanisms corresponding one-to-one with the baffles are fixedly connected to the rotating frame, and a connecting rod connects the first slider and the elastic mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, the height of the track seat gradually decreases from one end to the other, the track seat is provided with a sliding hole that is slidably connected to the first slider, and the upper surface of the track seat is provided with a guide rail that cooperates with the first slider.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating shaft is axially slidably connected to a bushing that can rotate together, a gear is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bushing, and a gear ring that meshes with the gear is fixedly connected to the motor frame.

[0010] Preferably, a ring frame is fixedly connected above the rotating frame, the ring frame is provided with multiple arc-shaped holes, a movable block is slidably connected in the arc-shaped holes, and the bushing is rotatably connected to the movable block.

[0011] Preferably, the elastic mechanism includes a fixed base, a guide rod fixedly installed in the fixed base, and a second slider slidably connected in the guide rod.

[0012] Preferably, a pair of springs are connected to the guide rod and are respectively located on both sides of the second slider, and a stop block for limiting the springs is connected to one end of the guide rod.

[0013] Preferably, a sliding shaft is fixedly connected to the first slider, and a sliding sleeve that is movably connected to the sliding shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod.

[0014] Preferably, a U-shaped fixing frame is fixedly connected to the rotating frame, the baffle assembly is fixedly installed on the fixing frame, and a spraying mechanism is installed on the fixing frame.

[0015] Preferably, an adjusting screw is connected between the frame and the rotating frame for adjusting the angle of the rotating frame, and a telescopic support rod is connected between the frame and the granulation disc.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. This invention, by setting up a rotary motor, a rotating frame, a track seat, and a first slider that is slidably connected, can drive a baffle to move along the track seat within the granulation disc, thereby flexibly adjusting the position of the baffle relative to the bottom and side walls of the granulation disc. This adjustable structure allows operators to dynamically optimize the movement path, tumbling frequency, and residence time of the material within the disc according to the process requirements of different stages of the polymerization reaction (such as initial pelleting, intermediate rounding, and late-stage strengthening), thereby improving pelleting quality and reaction uniformity.

[0018] 2. This invention utilizes the meshing transmission of a gear ring and a gear. When the rotating frame drives the baffle to revolve, the gear rolls along the gear ring, which drives the baffle to rotate around the rotating axis, thus achieving automatic adjustment of the baffle's working angle. This structure ensures that the baffle can always scrape the granulation disc wall or guide the material at the optimal angle as it moves with the rotating frame, effectively preventing the material from adhering to the baffle and disc wall. At the same time, it improves the rolling and balling effect of the material, avoiding the problem of equipment malfunction caused by material adhesion.

[0019] 3. The present invention provides an elastic mechanism corresponding to the baffle on the rotating frame and connects it to the first slider through a connecting rod. When the baffle encounters material resistance during operation, the first slider can slide along the track seat and compress the spring, so that the baffle automatically descends and can adaptively adjust the gap between the baffle and the bottom of the granulation tray. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle assembly proposed in this invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle assembly proposed in this invention from another angle.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a front view schematic diagram of the baffle assembly proposed in this invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic component, baffle, and track seat proposed in this invention.

[0026] The corresponding names of the reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1. Granulation disc; 2. Drive mechanism; 3. Frame; 4. Baffle assembly; 5. Spraying mechanism; 6. Rotating frame; 7. Adjusting screw; 8. Support rod; 9. Fixed frame; 41. Rotary motor; 42. Motor frame; 43. Rotating frame; 44. Track seat; 441. Sliding hole; 442. Guide rail; 443. First slider; 45. Baffle; 451. Rotating shaft; 452. Bushing; 453. Gear; 454. Sliding shaft; 46. Ring frame; 461. Arc hole; 462. Moving block; 47. Gear ring; 48. Elastic mechanism; 481. Fixed seat; 482. Guide rod; 483. Spring; 484. Stop block; 485. Second slider; 49. Connecting rod; 491. Sliding sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0028] This embodiment discloses a disc granulator for treating fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration based on geopolymerization reaction, such as... Figures 1-6 As shown, the assembly includes a frame 3, a granulation disc 1, a drive mechanism 2, and a baffle assembly 4. A rotatable rotating frame 6 is connected to the frame 3. The drive mechanism 2 is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame 6. The drive mechanism 2 uses a motor and a speed-changing mechanism to drive the granulation disc 1 to rotate. The granulation disc 1 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive mechanism 2. An adjusting screw 7 is connected between the frame 3 and the rotating frame 6 to adjust the angle of the rotating frame 6. By rotating the adjusting screw 7, the angle between the rotating frame 6 and the granulation disc 1 can be finely adjusted. The connection structure between the frame 3 and the rotating frame 6 adopts conventional technology and will not be described in detail here. A telescopic support rod 8 is connected between the frame 3 and the granulation disc 1 to enhance the stability of the granulation disc 1. The baffle assembly 4 is located inside the granulation disc 1. A U-shaped fixing frame 9 is fixedly connected to the rotating frame 6. The fixing frame 9 is located above the granulation disc 1. The baffle assembly 4 is fixedly installed on the fixing frame 9, and a spraying mechanism 5 is installed on the fixing frame 9. The spraying mechanism 5 is used to spray the fly ash material in the granulation disc 1 to form material particles.

[0029] like Figures 3-5As shown, the baffle assembly 4 includes a motor frame 42, a rotary motor 41 mounted on the motor frame 42, and a rotating frame 43 fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the rotary motor 41. The motor frame 42 is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 9. Multiple arc-shaped track seats 44 are fixedly connected around the rotating frame 43. The track seats 44 and the rotating frame 43 are concentric. A first slider 443 is slidably connected to the track seat 44. A rotating shaft 451 is rotatably connected to the first slider 443, passing through the first slider 443. A baffle 45 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft 451. When the rotating shaft 451 rotates, it drives the baffle 45 to rotate. A baffle 45 is fixedly connected to the rotating frame 43. The system is equipped with elastic mechanisms 48 corresponding to the baffles 45. A connecting rod 49 connects the first slider 443 to the elastic mechanism 48. The elastic mechanism 48 supports the first slider 443. In this embodiment, the height of the track seat 44 gradually decreases from one end to the other. The track seat 44 is provided with sliding holes 441 that are slidably connected to the first slider 443, and the upper surface of the track seat 44 is provided with guide rails 442 that cooperate with the first slider 443. When the baffle assembly 4 is working, the baffle 45 is resisted by the material, which drives the first slider 443 to slide down along the track seat 44, reducing the height of the baffle 45 and automatically adjusting the distance between the baffle 45 and the bottom of the granulation disc 1. The gap; when there is more material and the rotation speed of the rotating frame 43 is faster, the resistance of the baffle 45 is greater, and the baffle 45 descends lower, thus adaptively blocking the material and optimizing the material turning; further, in this embodiment, a bushing 452 is connected to the rotating shaft 451. The bushing 452 can rotate together with the rotating shaft 451, and the bushing 452 can move axially along the rotating shaft 451. A gear 453 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bushing 452, and a gear ring 47 meshing with the gear 453 is fixedly connected to the motor frame 42. When the rotating frame 43 rotates circumferentially, the gear 453 rolls around the periphery of the gear ring 47. The rotation of the gear 453 drives the baffle 45 to rotate, making The baffle 45 rotates simultaneously during its revolution, ensuring that it always blocks the material at the optimal angle. A ring frame 46 is fixedly connected above the rotating frame 43. The ring frame 46 has multiple arc-shaped holes 461, each corresponding to a baffle 45. A moving block 462 is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped hole 461. The bushing 452 is rotatably connected to the moving block 462. When the first slider 443 slides along the track seat 44, it drives the moving block 462 to slide synchronously along the arc-shaped hole 461. This allows the baffle 45 to move axially as the track seat 44 rises and falls during its revolution, ensuring that the gear 453 always meshes with the gear ring 47.

[0030] The elastic mechanism 48 includes a fixed base 481, a guide rod 482 fixedly installed in the fixed base 481, and a second slider 485 slidably connected in the guide rod 482. A pair of springs 483 are connected to the guide rod 482 and are respectively located on both sides of the second slider 485. One end of the guide rod 482 is connected to a stop 484 for limiting the right spring 483. A locking nut for limiting the stop 484 is threaded onto the surface of the guide rod 482. A vertically arranged sliding shaft 454 is fixedly connected to the first slider 443. One end of the connecting rod 49 is fixed. A sliding sleeve 491 is connected to the sliding shaft 454. When the first slider 443 slides along the track seat 44, the connecting rod 49 drives the second slider 485 to compress or release the spring 483, thereby achieving elastic reset. This symmetrical spring design allows the baffle 45 to move smoothly when impacted by materials and to accurately reset after the resistance disappears, avoiding rigid impact. Furthermore, the position of the stop block 484 can be adjusted by rotating the locking nut, thereby adjusting the deformation of the right spring 483 and adjusting the descent height of the baffle 45. The adjustment is relatively convenient and quick.

[0031] Working Principle: This granulator is used to process fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration. It solidifies and stabilizes the heavy metals in the fly ash through a polymerization reaction. The spraying mechanism 5 evenly sprays an activator solution onto the material surface. The fly ash and an appropriate amount of activator (such as an alkali activator) mix in the granulation disc 1. Under the combined action of the disc rotation and the baffle assembly 4, the material continuously tumbles and collides, gradually forming spherical particles. The adaptive lifting function of the baffle 45 automatically adjusts the insertion depth according to the thickness of the material layer. When a large amount of material accumulates in a certain area, the resistance of the baffle 45 increases, causing the slider to descend, allowing the baffle 45 to penetrate deeper into the material layer and enhance the tumbling. When the material decreases, the baffle 45 rises under the action of a spring, preventing excessive insertion and material splashing. At the same time, the rotation of the baffle 45 further increases the shear force on the material, helping to break up fly ash agglomerates, ensuring uniform distribution of the activator, and accelerating the polymerization reaction.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "vertical," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0033] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A disc granulator for treating fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration based on geopolymerization reaction, characterized in that, It includes a frame (3), a granulation disc (1), a drive mechanism (2), and a baffle assembly (4); The frame (3) is connected to a rotating frame (6) that can rotate. The drive mechanism (2) is fixedly installed on the rotating frame (6). The granulation disc (1) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive mechanism (2). The baffle assembly (4) is located inside the granulation disc (1). The baffle assembly (4) includes a motor frame (42), a rotary motor (41) mounted on the motor frame (42), and a rotating frame (43) fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the rotary motor (41). The rotating frame (43) is fixedly connected to a plurality of arc-shaped track seats (44), a first slider (443) is slidably connected on the track seat (44), a rotating shaft (451) is rotatably connected on the first slider (443), and a baffle (45) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft (451). The rotating frame (43) is fixedly connected to an elastic mechanism (48) that corresponds one-to-one with the baffle (45), and a connecting rod (49) is connected between the first slider (443) and the elastic mechanism (48). The height of the track seat (44) gradually decreases from one end to the other end. The track seat (44) is provided with a sliding hole (441) that is slidably connected to the first slider (443), and the upper surface of the track seat (44) is provided with a guide rail (442) that cooperates with the first slider (443). The rotating shaft (451) is axially slidably connected to a bushing (452) that can rotate together. A gear (453) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bushing (452). A gear ring (47) that meshes with the gear (453) is fixedly connected to the motor frame (42). A ring frame (46) is fixedly connected above the rotating frame (43). The ring frame (46) has multiple arc-shaped holes (461). A moving block (462) is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped holes (461). The bushing (452) is rotatably connected to the moving block (462).

2. The disc granulator for treating municipal solid waste incineration fly ash based on geopolymerization reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic mechanism (48) includes a fixed seat (481), a guide rod (482) fixedly installed in the fixed seat (481), and a second slider (485) slidably connected in the guide rod (482).

3. The disc granulator for treating municipal solid waste incineration fly ash based on geopolymerization reaction according to claim 2, characterized in that, A pair of springs (483) are connected to the guide rod (482) and are respectively located on both sides of the second slider (485). One end of the guide rod (482) is connected to a stop (484) for limiting the springs (483).

4. The disc granulator for treating municipal solid waste incineration fly ash based on geopolymerization reaction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first slider (443) is fixedly connected to a sliding shaft (454), and one end of the connecting rod (49) is fixedly connected to a sliding sleeve (491) that is movably connected to the sliding shaft (454).

5. The disc granulator for treating municipal solid waste incineration fly ash based on geopolymerization reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, A U-shaped fixed frame (9) is fixedly connected to the rotating frame (6), the baffle assembly (4) is fixedly installed on the fixed frame (9), and a spraying mechanism (5) is installed on the fixed frame (9).

6. The disc granulator for treating municipal solid waste incineration fly ash based on geopolymerization reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, An adjusting screw (7) is connected between the frame (3) and the rotating frame (6) to adjust the angle of the rotating frame (6), and a telescopic support rod (8) is connected between the frame (3) and the granulation disc (1).

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