Laser fine cutting machining method for watch parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser fine cutting machining method for watch parts, and relates to the technical field of watch part precision machining. The method comprises the steps of positioning and fixing, cutting parameter adjustment, machining process correction, cutting machining, blanking detection and parameter optimization. A dynamic focus and equal-energy density track adaptive algorithm is adopted as the core, and a laser focus position cutting track and energy density are adjusted in a real-time linkage mode; through a temperature drift-power-air pressure full-closed-loop self-correction system, environment temperature laser power auxiliary gas pressure data are collected, and compensation deviation is automatically corrected. Through cooperation of a double-pulse time sequence collaborative cutting micron-sized air curtain auxiliary and vacuum synchronous chip removal composite system, a multi-material one-key matched laser process knowledge base and a self-learning parameter adjustment function, high-precision, high-stability and high-efficiency cutting of watch parts is achieved, the method is suitable for machining of watch core parts of ultrathin complex special-shaped structures, and the machining efficiency is improved. And the precision machining requirements of watch parts are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision machining technology for watch parts, specifically a laser precision cutting method for watch parts. Background Technology

[0002] Watch components are generally characterized by their small size, thinness, complex contours, and extremely high precision requirements. Their processing quality directly affects the watch's timekeeping accuracy and lifespan. Laser cutting, due to its advantages such as non-contact processing, high cutting efficiency, and strong processing flexibility, has become one of the mainstream technologies for watch component manufacturing. Currently, most publicly available laser cutting technologies for watch components employ fixed focus, single-parameter control, or single-factor correction methods. While some technologies involve dynamic focus adjustment or auxiliary chip removal methods, a comprehensive and refined control system for the entire process has not yet been established.

[0003] In actual processing, when cutting curved and unevenly thick watch parts, problems such as focal deviation from the processing surface and uneven laser energy distribution are prone to occur. At the same time, fluctuations in ambient temperature, laser power drift and changes in auxiliary gas pressure can lead to insufficient stability of processing parameters, which in turn can cause defects such as over-burning, under-cutting, edge burrs, dimensional deviations and poor batch consistency. This seriously affects the processing accuracy and product yield of watch parts. This technical problem has always restricted the high-quality development of the precision watch parts processing industry.

[0004] In view of the above, this application is hereby submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser precision cutting method for watch parts to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a laser precision cutting method for watch parts, comprising the following steps: S1, positioning and fixing the watch parts to be processed; S2, starting the laser cutting equipment, and using a dynamic focus and equal energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm to adjust the laser focus position, cutting trajectory and laser energy density in real time, so that the laser focus always maintains a preset relative position with the surface of the part being processed, and the laser energy density is uniformly distributed throughout the cutting trajectory; S3, during the cutting process, activating a temperature drift-power-pressure closed-loop self-correction system, collecting ambient temperature, laser power and auxiliary gas pressure data in real time, and automatically correcting the laser power output value and auxiliary gas pressure based on the collected data. S4. Using laser cutting equipment to cut the positioned watch parts; S5. After cutting, the processed watch parts are inspected before unloading; Through real-time linkage adjustment of dynamic focus and iso-energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm, the problems of focus deviation and uneven energy during the cutting of curved and uneven thickness watch parts are effectively solved, ensuring the accuracy of the cutting contour and edge quality; Through the temperature drift-power-air pressure full closed-loop self-correction system, the real-time acquisition and automatic correction of multiple physical quantities during the processing are realized, avoiding the influence of environmental temperature vibration and parameter drift on the processing accuracy, significantly improving processing stability and batch consistency, and ensuring the precision processing requirements of watch parts.

[0007] Furthermore, S1 specifically includes S11, placing the watch parts to be processed on a dedicated positioning fixture; S12, activating the clamping mechanism of the positioning fixture to precisely clamp and fix the parts, ensuring that the parts do not shift during the cutting process; through the dedicated positioning fixture and precise clamping operation, the watch parts are stably positioned, avoiding displacement of the parts during the cutting process, further ensuring cutting accuracy, reducing processing defects caused by positioning deviation, and improving processing yield.

[0008] Furthermore, in S2, the operation process of the dynamic focus and equal energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm includes S21, collecting processing contour data and thickness distribution data of watch parts; S22, based on the collected data, preset laser focus adjustment trajectory and energy density distribution parameters; S23, during the cutting process, real-time detection of the actual contour and thickness of the processing position, comparing with the preset data, and automatically adjusting the laser focus position and energy density to ensure uniform energy and precise focus during the cutting process; refining the operation steps of the dynamic focus and equal energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm, realizing accurate acquisition and real-time adjustment of processing data, further improving the algorithm's adaptability, ensuring that watch parts with different contours and thicknesses can obtain uniform energy distribution and precise focus positioning, and optimizing cutting quality.

[0009] Furthermore, in S3, the operation process of the temperature drift-power-pressure fully closed-loop self-calibration system includes S31, setting a temperature sensor, a power sensor, and a pressure sensor on the laser cutting equipment to collect ambient temperature, actual laser output power, and actual auxiliary gas pressure, respectively; S32, comparing the collected real-time data with preset standard data and calculating the deviation value; S33, automatically adjusting the laser power adjustment module and the pressure adjustment module according to the deviation value to maintain the laser power and auxiliary gas pressure within the preset standard range; refining the operation steps of the temperature drift-power-pressure fully closed-loop self-calibration system, through real-time data collection by multiple sensors, achieving accurate calculation and rapid correction of deviations, ensuring the stability of key parameters during processing, effectively avoiding parameter drift and environmental influences, and improving the consistency of processing accuracy.

[0010] Furthermore, in S4, the laser cutting equipment adopts a dual-pulse timing collaborative cutting method, first using a picosecond laser for rough cutting, and then using a femtosecond laser for fine finishing; through dual-pulse timing collaborative cutting, both cutting efficiency and edge quality are taken into account, reducing thermal deformation and edge burrs during the cutting process, eliminating the need for subsequent polishing, shortening the processing flow, reducing processing costs, and improving the surface finish of watch parts.

[0011] Furthermore, after the picosecond laser rough cutting is completed, step S41 is performed to remove the debris generated during the rough cutting process, and then the femtosecond laser is started for fine finishing. The fine finishing trajectory is precisely aligned with the rough cutting trajectory. The debris removal step is added between the rough cutting and fine finishing to avoid debris affecting the fine finishing effect, while ensuring that the fine finishing trajectory is precisely aligned with the rough cutting trajectory, further improving the cutting contour accuracy and edge quality, and reducing processing defects.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S4, a micron-level air curtain-assisted and vacuum synchronous chip removal composite system is used during the cutting process. The air curtain is formed around the laser cutting head, and the vacuum chip removal device is set corresponding to the cutting area to remove the chips generated during cutting in real time. Through the micron-level air curtain-assisted and vacuum synchronous chip removal composite system, the problem of secondary adhesion of chips and slag blockage during the cutting process is effectively avoided, the formation of recast layer is reduced, the cutting surface quality is improved, and the subsequent pickling, sandblasting and other treatment steps are eliminated, thereby improving processing efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, in S2, the parameter settings of the laser cutting equipment adopt a laser process knowledge base with one-click matching for multiple materials and a self-learning parameter adjustment function. Based on the material type of the watch parts to be processed, the corresponding process parameters are automatically called, and the parameter settings are optimized through the self-learning function. Through the process knowledge base with one-click matching for multiple materials and the self-learning parameter adjustment function, the changeover time for various types of watch parts is shortened, the dependence on operator experience is reduced, and automatic parameter optimization is achieved, further improving processing efficiency and the stability of processing quality.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] 1. By applying dynamic focus and iso-energy density trajectory adaptive algorithms, real-time linkage adjustment of laser focus position cutting trajectory and laser energy density is achieved. This precisely adapts to the processing needs of curved surfaces and watch parts with uneven thickness, effectively solving the problems of focus deviation and uneven energy distribution. It significantly improves cutting contour accuracy and edge quality, reducing processing defects such as overheating, undercutting, and burrs. The temperature drift-power-pressure closed-loop self-calibration system constructs a multi-physical quantity real-time acquisition and linkage calibration mechanism. By comprehensively compensating for the effects of ambient temperature changes, laser power drift, and auxiliary gas pressure fluctuations, it significantly improves the parameter stability and batch consistency of the processing process, avoiding the accumulation of dimensional deviations during long-term continuous processing.

[0016] 2. By combining a dual-pulse timing-based collaborative cutting method with a micron-level air curtain-assisted vacuum synchronous chip removal system, both cutting efficiency and surface quality are balanced. This reduces thermal deformation and the formation of a recast layer, eliminating the need for subsequent polishing and acid washing processes, shortening the processing flow, and lowering production costs. A laser process knowledge base with one-click matching for multiple materials and a self-learning parameter adjustment function enable rapid model changeover for watch parts made of different materials and automatic optimization of processing parameters. This reduces reliance on operator experience and improves adaptability and processing efficiency for small-batch, multi-variety processing scenarios.

[0017] 3. By constructing a closed-loop processing system, the positioning, fixing, cutting, correction, testing and optimization processes are organically connected, forming a complete laser precision cutting solution for watch parts. It is especially suitable for processing core watch parts with ultra-thin and complex irregular structures, and promotes the development of the watch parts precision processing industry towards higher precision, more stable quality and more efficient production. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a laser precision cutting process for a watch component. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1This invention provides a technical solution: a laser precision cutting method for watch parts, which solves the technical problems in the existing laser cutting process of watch parts, such as focus deviation, energy unevenness, easy drift of processing parameters, and poor batch consistency of curved and unevenly thick parts. Through two core technologies, namely dynamic focus and iso-energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm and temperature drift-power-pressure full closed-loop self-correction system, combined with auxiliary technologies, it achieves high-precision, high-stability, and high-efficiency cutting of watch parts. It is suitable for the processing of various precision parts such as watch gears, escapement forks, watch crystals, dials, and hands, and is especially suitable for the processing of core watch parts with ultra-thin and complex irregular structures.

[0021] In this embodiment, the watch component to be processed is an ultra-thin watch escapement fork. The component is made of stainless steel, has an ultra-thin structure, and has a complex and irregular overall shape, including multiple sharp corners, narrow slits, and curved surfaces. It requires high processing precision and is prone to problems such as cutting deformation, edge overheating, and dimensional deviations. It is a difficult component in watch component processing.

[0022] Step S1: Positioning and fixing the watch parts to be processed: Positioning and fixing is a fundamental step in laser cutting of watch parts. Its core purpose is to ensure that the parts to be processed do not shift or wobble during the entire cutting process, providing a stable processing benchmark for precise control of subsequent laser cutting. Watch parts are generally characterized by small size, thin thickness, and high precision requirements, especially the escapement fork of ultra-thin watches, which is thin and structurally fragile. If the positioning and fixing is not firm or the positioning deviation is too large, it will lead to the deviation of the cutting trajectory, the decrease in dimensional accuracy, and even problems such as deformation and damage of parts. Therefore, a precise and stable positioning and fixing method is required to eliminate the impact of positioning deviation on subsequent processing.

[0023] Specific technical means: This step uses a dedicated positioning fixture to position and fix the watch parts to be processed. This dedicated positioning fixture is adapted to the structural characteristics of the escapement fork of ultra-thin watches. It adopts an integrated fixture body with a positioning groove that perfectly matches the contour of the escapement fork. The inner wall of the positioning groove is provided with a flexible buffer layer to prevent scratches or pressure damage to the surface of the parts during clamping. The fixture is equipped with a high-precision pneumatic clamping mechanism, which adopts a staged clamping method. Pre-clamping and positioning are performed first, followed by precise clamping and fixing, ensuring uniform and stable clamping force. This ensures that the parts do not shift and avoids deformation caused by excessive clamping force. At the same time, a positioning reference pin is set on the fixture, which cooperates with the positioning hole on the escapement fork to further improve the positioning accuracy. The diameter of the positioning reference pin is precisely matched with the diameter of the positioning hole to ensure that the positioning deviation is controlled within a minimum range.

[0024] Example: In this embodiment, the part to be processed is an ultra-thin watch escapement fork, made of stainless steel, with an ultra-thin structure and a complex irregular shape, featuring two positioning holes. First, the escapement fork is placed in the positioning slot of a dedicated positioning fixture, ensuring precise alignment between the positioning holes and the positioning reference pins on the fixture, achieving initial positioning. The pneumatic clamping mechanism is then activated, initially pre-clamping with low pressure to ensure the escapement fork remains secure and does not shift within the positioning slot. Then, high-pressure precision clamping is applied, with the clamping force controlled within a preset range to ensure the escapement fork does not shift during cutting. Simultaneously, a flexible buffer layer adheres to the surface of the escapement fork to prevent scratches and pressure damage. After positioning is complete, a visual inspection module performs a preliminary check on the positioning accuracy. Once the positioning deviation meets the preset requirements, the process proceeds to the next step.

[0025] Currently available documents, such as "A Laser Cutting Positioning Device for Watch Parts," "Positioning Fixture for Precision Watch Parts Processing," and "Research on Laser Cutting Positioning Technology for Precision Watch Parts," all describe positioning and fixing technologies for laser cutting watch parts. These technologies primarily employ conventional fixture positioning and single clamping methods, with some using visual positioning assistance. However, they generally suffer from insufficient positioning accuracy, difficulty in controlling clamping force, and easy damage to ultra-thin parts. Furthermore, they do not consider the positioning adaptability for ultra-thin, irregularly shaped parts. The unique technical approach of this solution lies in using a dedicated positioning groove that perfectly matches the contour of the ultra-thin escapement fork to be processed. This, combined with a flexible buffer layer and a graded pneumatic clamping mechanism, along with dual positioning using a positioning reference pin, solves the problem of large positioning deviations in conventional fixtures and avoids deformation and surface damage to parts caused by excessive clamping force. Simultaneously, visual inspection after positioning further ensures positioning accuracy. Compared to existing publicly available technologies, this approach offers more precise positioning and is better suited to the processing needs of ultra-thin, irregularly shaped parts.

[0026] Compared to existing technologies, the positioning and fixing method in this step significantly improves positioning accuracy and clamping stability, effectively reducing the impact of positioning deviations on subsequent cutting processes. The design of graded clamping and flexible buffer layer avoids deformation and surface scratches of ultra-thin parts, reducing the processing defect rate. The setting of positioning reference pins further improves the accuracy and consistency of positioning, providing a stable processing reference for subsequent dynamic focus adjustment, energy density control, and full closed-loop self-calibration, enabling precise control of subsequent processing parameters and improving the overall processing quality of watch parts.

[0027] Step S2: Start the laser cutting equipment and employ a dynamic focus and equal-energy-density trajectory adaptive algorithm to adjust the laser focus position, cutting trajectory, and laser energy density in real time. The laser focus position and laser energy density are core factors affecting the laser cutting accuracy and edge quality of watch parts. Watch parts, especially ultra-thin escapement forks, have curved structures, uneven thickness, and complex contours. Using conventional fixed-focus and fixed-energy-density cutting methods can lead to the focus deviating from the processing surface and uneven energy distribution during curved surface processing, resulting in overcutting, undercutting, edge burrs, and contour errors, failing to meet the high-precision processing requirements of watch parts. Therefore, dynamic focus adjustment and equal-energy-density control technology are needed to adapt to changes in the contour and thickness of the parts in real time, ensuring that the laser focus is always precisely aligned with the processing surface and that the laser energy density is evenly distributed throughout the cutting trajectory, thus improving cutting quality.

[0028] Specific technical means: This step employs a dynamic focus and iso-energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm. This algorithm is integrated into the control system of the laser cutting equipment. A vision inspection module collects real-time processing contour data and thickness distribution data of the parts to be processed. Combined with preset processing parameters, the algorithm calculates and adjusts the laser focus position, cutting trajectory, and laser energy density in real time, achieving coordinated control of these three aspects. Specifically, the dynamic focus position adjustment is calculated in real-time based on the thickness deviation and rate of change of the parts. Iso-energy density control is adjusted in real-time based on laser power, cutting speed, and kerf width to ensure uniform energy density during cutting and avoid processing defects caused by excessively high or low local energy. Simultaneously, the algorithm is adaptive, automatically optimizing and adjusting parameters based on real-time collected processing data to adapt to changes in the contour and thickness of the parts, without manual intervention.

[0029] Dynamic focus position adjustment follows a formula ,in for Constant cutting trajectory The actual height of the laser focal point at that location. The initial reference height for the laser focus. , The focus adjustment factor is determined by the material and thickness of the parts to be processed and the parameters of the laser equipment. For the cutting trajectory The deviation between the actual thickness of the component and the reference thickness. for The formula is based on the influence of the thickness deviation of the component and the rate of change of the deviation on the focal position, by introducing a focal adjustment coefficient. , This allows for precise adjustment of the focal point, ensuring that the focal point always maintains a preset relative position with the processed surface; the energy density control follows the formula:

[0030] ,

[0031] in for Constant cutting trajectory Laser energy density at that location for laser output power at all times For the cutting trajectory Cutting speed at the point, For the cutting trajectory The formula is based on the inherent relationship between laser energy density, laser power, cutting speed, and kerf width. By controlling the matching relationship among these three factors, a uniform distribution of energy density can be achieved, avoiding local energy concentration or insufficiency.

[0032] Example: In this embodiment, the ultra-thin watch escapement fork to be processed has a curved surface structure and local thickness unevenness, with thickness deviation at the curved surface. Following the cutting trajectory It changes with the changes, and there is a certain rate of change. After the laser cutting equipment is started, the dynamic focus and iso-energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm in the control system begins to run. First, the overall contour data and thickness distribution data of the escapement fork are collected through the vision inspection module to determine each point on the cutting trajectory. of Initial value, preset laser focus initial reference height The focus adjustment coefficient is set according to the material and thickness of the escapement fork. , The initial value is set. During the cutting process, the vision detection module detects the cutting trajectory in real time. The actual thickness at that location, updated. and Through formula Calculate The actual height of the laser focus at that position at that moment The control system adjusts the height of the laser cutting head in real time based on calculations, ensuring the laser focus is always precisely aligned with the processing surface. Simultaneously, it adjusts the cutting trajectory accordingly. The actual contour of the area is used to set the cutting speed. Combined with the preset laser power and kerf width Through formula Calculate the laser energy density at this location. If the calculated When the laser power deviates from the preset range, the control system adjusts it in real time. or cutting speed This ensures a uniform distribution of energy density. For example, at the curved protrusions of the escapement fork, If the value is positive, after calculation using the formula, Increase the laser's focal length, move the laser focus upwards, and simultaneously adjust the cutting speed. Reduce the energy density to ensure it remains within the preset range and avoids overheating; at the concave part of the curved surface, It is a negative value. Reduce the laser focus, move it downwards, and adjust the cutting speed simultaneously. Increase the size to ensure uniform energy density and avoid undercutting.

[0033] Currently available documents, such as "A Method for Dynamic Laser Cutting of Precision Parts," "An Automatic Laser Cutting Focus Adjustment Device," and "Research on Focus Control Technology for Laser Cutting of Ultra-thin Precision Parts," all describe laser dynamic focus adjustment technology, and some describe energy density control technology. However, existing technologies mostly use single-parameter adjustment, that is, only adjusting the focus position or only adjusting the energy density, without achieving real-time linkage adjustment of the focus position, cutting trajectory, and energy density. Moreover, the focus adjustment formulas of existing technologies mostly only consider thickness deviation and do not introduce the thickness deviation change rate, resulting in insufficient adjustment accuracy and inability to adapt to the processing of watch parts with complex curved surfaces and uneven thickness. At the same time, the energy density control of existing technologies is mostly fixed parameter control, which lacks adaptability and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time changes in the cutting trajectory. The unique technical approach of this solution lies in integrating dynamic focus adjustment and equal energy density control into the same algorithm, enabling real-time linkage adjustment of focus position, cutting trajectory, and energy density. The focus adjustment formula incorporates the thickness deviation change rate, improving the accuracy and response speed of focus adjustment. The energy density control formula achieves uniform energy density distribution by matching laser power, cutting speed, and kerf width in real time. Furthermore, the algorithm is adaptive, automatically adapting to changes in the contour and thickness of the parts. Compared with existing publicly available technologies, the processing accuracy and edge quality are significantly improved, making it more suitable for the processing needs of ultra-thin irregularly shaped parts for watches.

[0034] The dynamic focus and equal-energy-density trajectory adaptive algorithm in this step, compared with existing technologies, achieves real-time linkage adjustment of focus position, cutting trajectory, and energy density, effectively solving the problems of focus deviation and uneven energy distribution when cutting curved and unevenly thick watch parts. The focus adjustment formula incorporates the thickness deviation change rate, making focus adjustment more precise and faster in response, and able to quickly adapt to the thickness changes of the parts. The energy density control formula ensures uniform energy density throughout the cutting trajectory, reducing processing defects such as over-cutting, under-cutting, and edge burrs. The algorithm's adaptability reduces manual intervention, improves processing efficiency, and significantly improves the accuracy of the cutting contour and edge quality, resulting in significantly enhanced processing consistency and meeting the high-precision processing requirements of watch parts.

[0035] Step S3: During the cutting process, the temperature drift-power-pressure closed-loop self-calibration system is activated. It collects real-time data on ambient temperature, laser power, and auxiliary gas pressure. Based on the collected data and calibration formula, it automatically corrects the laser power output and auxiliary gas pressure values ​​to compensate for processing deviations caused by ambient temperature changes. Laser cutting of watch parts is a high-precision process, requiring extremely high stability of processing parameters. In actual processing, ambient temperature fluctuates, laser power drifts, and auxiliary gas pressure changes. These factors can all lead to processing deviations, affecting cutting accuracy and processing consistency. Especially during long-term continuous processing, the effects of parameter drift and temperature drift are more pronounced, resulting in excessive dimensional deviations and unstable quality in batches of processed parts. Existing technologies mostly use open-loop control or single-parameter calibration, which cannot achieve real-time linkage calibration of multiple parameters and cannot effectively compensate for processing deviations caused by temperature drift, power drift, and pressure changes. Therefore, a temperature drift-power-pressure closed-loop self-calibration system is needed to achieve real-time acquisition and automatic calibration of multiple physical quantities, ensuring the stability of processing parameters, compensating for processing deviations caused by ambient temperature changes, and improving processing consistency.

[0036] Specific technical means: This step employs a temperature drift-power-pressure fully closed-loop self-calibration system, which consists of a sensor module, a data acquisition module, a calibration calculation module, and an execution module. The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a power sensor, and a pressure sensor, used to collect real-time data on ambient temperature, actual laser output power, and actual auxiliary gas pressure, respectively. The data acquisition module transmits the real-time data collected by the sensors to the calibration calculation module. The calibration calculation module calculates the laser power calibration and auxiliary gas pressure calibration amounts based on preset standard data and calibration formulas. The execution module automatically adjusts the laser power regulation module and the auxiliary gas pressure regulation module based on the calculated calibration amounts, maintaining the laser power and auxiliary gas pressure within the preset standard range, achieving fully closed-loop self-calibration. Simultaneously, the system has a real-time monitoring function, continuously collecting data and performing calibration to ensure the stability of processing parameters throughout the cutting process and compensate for processing deviations caused by changes in ambient temperature.

[0037] The correction amount of a self-calibrating system is calculated according to the formula... and In the first formula, This is the laser power correction value. The coefficient representing the effect of temperature on power. To preset the standard ambient temperature, for Real-time ambient temperature This is the power deviation correction factor. To preset the standard laser power, for The formula is based on the combined effects of ambient temperature changes and laser power drift on the actual laser output power at any given time. It incorporates a coefficient to measure the influence of temperature on power. and power deviation correction factor The laser power correction amount is calculated to achieve precise laser power correction; in the second formula, To assist in the correction of gas pressure, This is the coefficient representing the effect of temperature on air pressure. This is the pressure deviation correction factor. To preset the standard auxiliary gas pressure, for The formula is based on the combined effects of ambient temperature changes and pressure drift on the actual assist gas pressure at all times. It incorporates a coefficient to measure the influence of temperature on pressure. and pressure deviation correction factor The auxiliary gas pressure correction amount is calculated to achieve accurate correction of the auxiliary gas pressure.

[0038] Example: In this embodiment, the ultra-thin watch escapement fork to be processed requires continuous processing over a long period of time, with a preset standard ambient temperature. Preset standard laser power Preset standard auxiliary gas pressure Based on the material and processing requirements of the escapement fork, a coefficient for the influence of temperature on power is set. Power deviation correction coefficient The coefficient of influence of temperature on air pressure Pressure deviation correction coefficient The initial value is determined. During the cutting process, the temperature drift-power-air pressure closed-loop self-calibration system is activated, and the temperature sensor collects data in real time. Actual ambient temperature at any time Power sensor collects data in real time. Actual laser output power at any given time Real-time data collection by barometric pressure sensor Actual pressure of auxiliary gas at any time The data acquisition module transmits this real-time data to the calibration calculation module. The calibration calculation module then calculates the data according to the formula... Calculate the laser power correction amount ,like Higher than This will cause the laser power to increase, at which point If the value is negative, the execution module will determine the appropriate action based on the given value. Adjust the laser power adjustment module to reduce the laser output power and restore the laser power to its normal level. ;like Below , If the value is positive, the execution module adjusts the laser power regulation module to increase the laser output power and compensate for power drift. Simultaneously, the correction calculation module calculates according to the formula... Calculate the auxiliary gas pressure correction amount ,like An increase in pressure will lead to an increase in the pressure of the auxiliary gas. If the value is negative, the execution module adjusts the gas pressure regulation module to reduce the auxiliary gas pressure and restore it to normal. ;like Below , If the value is positive, the execution module adjusts the air pressure regulation module to increase the auxiliary gas pressure and compensate for pressure drift. For example, during continuous processing, the ambient temperature gradually increases. Higher than Calculated using the first formula If the value is negative, the laser power is automatically reduced, and the result is calculated using the second formula. If the value is negative, the auxiliary gas pressure is automatically lowered, effectively compensating for processing deviations caused by temperature increases and ensuring cutting accuracy and processing consistency. If laser power drifts, Below , When the value is positive, the laser power is automatically increased and maintained at [value missing]. Within the specified range, avoid undercutting issues caused by insufficient power.

[0039] Currently available documents, such as the self-calibration method for laser cutting parameters, the temperature drift compensation device for precision laser processing, and the research on the stability control of precision laser cutting parameters, all record laser processing parameter calibration techniques. Some of these documents record temperature drift compensation or power calibration techniques. However, most existing technologies are single-parameter calibrations, that is, only calibrating laser power or only compensating for temperature drift, without achieving a fully closed-loop linkage calibration of temperature, power, and air pressure. Furthermore, the calibration formulas of existing technologies mostly consider the influence of a single factor, without considering the combined influence of multiple factors, resulting in insufficient calibration accuracy and an inability to effectively compensate for parameter drift and temperature drift during long-term processing. At the same time, the calibration systems of existing technologies have slow response speeds and cannot achieve real-time calibration, making it difficult to meet the high-precision and high-consistency processing requirements of watch parts. The unique technical approach of this solution lies in constructing a fully closed-loop self-calibration system for temperature drift, power, and gas pressure. This system enables real-time acquisition and coordinated calibration of ambient temperature, laser power, and auxiliary gas pressure. The calibration formula comprehensively considers the dual effects of temperature and parameter drift, introducing multiple calibration coefficients to improve calibration accuracy. Furthermore, the system has a fast response speed and can achieve real-time continuous calibration. Compared with existing publicly available technologies, this solution effectively solves the processing deviation problems caused by parameter drift and temperature drift during long-term processing, significantly improving the stability of processing parameters and processing consistency.

[0040] The temperature drift-power-gas pressure closed-loop self-calibration system in this step, compared with existing technologies, achieves real-time linkage calibration of multiple physical quantities, effectively compensating for processing deviations caused by changes in ambient temperature, laser power drift, and auxiliary gas pressure. The calibration formula comprehensively considers the influence of multiple factors, significantly improving calibration accuracy and precisely maintaining the stability of laser power and auxiliary gas pressure. The system's real-time continuous calibration function ensures the stability of long-term continuous processing, reduces dimensional deviations in batch-processed parts, and improves processing consistency. At the same time, the self-calibration function reduces the workload of manual parameter adjustment, lowers the reliance on operator experience, improves processing efficiency, and further ensures the high-precision processing quality of watch parts.

[0041] Step S4: Cutting the positioned watch parts using laser cutting equipment: This step is the core execution step for the precision laser cutting of watch parts. After completing positioning and fixing, dynamic focus and energy density adjustment, and activation of the fully closed-loop self-calibration system, the parts are actually cut using laser cutting equipment to cut them into the preset contour shape. Watch parts, especially ultra-thin escapement forks, have complex contours, tiny dimensions, and high precision requirements. During the cutting process, it is necessary to balance cutting efficiency and cutting quality to avoid processing defects such as thermal deformation, edge burrs, slag blockage, and recast layers. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate laser cutting methods and auxiliary chip removal methods, combined with the precise control of the previous steps, to achieve precision cutting.

[0042] Specific technical means: This step employs a dual-pulse timing-coordinated cutting method, combined with a micron-level air curtain-assisted and vacuum synchronous chip removal composite system, to achieve precise cutting of watch parts. The dual-pulse timing-coordinated cutting method uses a picosecond laser for rough cutting, followed by a femtosecond laser for finishing. The rough cutting stage quickly removes most of the excess material, improving cutting efficiency, while the finishing stage refines the contours after rough cutting, improving cutting accuracy and edge quality. The micron-level air curtain-assisted and vacuum synchronous chip removal composite system uses an air curtain formed around the laser cutting head to isolate air, prevent oxidation of the cutting area, and assist in chip removal. The vacuum chip removal device is correspondingly set to the cutting area, removing chips generated during cutting in real time, avoiding secondary chip adhesion, slag blockage, and the formation of a recast layer. Simultaneously, the cutting trajectory of the laser cutting equipment is precisely controlled by the dynamic focus and iso-energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm in step S2, and the laser power and auxiliary gas pressure are corrected in real time by the fully closed-loop self-calibration system in step S3, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the cutting process.

[0043] Example: In this embodiment, the ultra-thin watch escapement fork to be processed is cut using a dual-pulse timing collaborative cutting method. First, a picosecond laser is started for rough cutting. The parameters of the picosecond laser are automatically called from the multi-material process knowledge base in subsequent step S6. In conjunction with the fully closed-loop self-calibration system in step S3, the laser power is adjusted in real time. To ensure no significant thermal deformation or overheating during the roughing process, a micron-level air curtain assist system is activated, forming a uniform air curtain around the laser cutting head to isolate the air and prevent oxidation of the escapement fork surface. Simultaneously, it assists in blowing the cutting debris towards the vacuum chip removal device. The vacuum chip removal device is activated concurrently, generating negative pressure to remove debris in real time, preventing debris from adhering to the escapement fork surface or clogging the kerf. After the picosecond laser roughing is completed, a debris removal device is activated to remove any remaining debris from the roughing process. Then, a femtosecond laser is activated for finishing. The finishing trajectory of the femtosecond laser is precisely controlled by the algorithm in step S2, accurately aligned with the roughing trajectory. During finishing, the dynamic focus and iso-energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm continues to run, adjusting the focus position in real time. and energy density The fully closed-loop self-calibration system corrects the laser power in real time. and auxiliary gas pressure This ensures the precision and edge quality of the final cut. For example, in the narrow slit area of ​​the escapement fork, picosecond laser cutting is used for rough cutting to remove excess material, with air curtain and vacuum chip removal devices working simultaneously to prevent slag blockage. During fine cutting, femtosecond laser is used to precisely trim the slit edges, removing burrs from the rough cutting and ensuring accurate slit dimensions, smooth edges, and no oxidation or recast layer. Throughout the entire cutting process, the techniques in steps S2 and S3 are continuously employed to ensure the precision and stability of the cutting process, completing the overall cutting of the escapement fork.

[0044] Currently available documents, such as articles on dual-pulse laser cutting methods and devices, laser cutting chip removal systems, research on dual-pulse laser cutting technology for precision parts, and laser cutting chip control methods, all describe dual-pulse laser cutting and auxiliary chip removal technologies. However, existing dual-pulse cutting technologies mostly output dual pulses simultaneously, without adopting a time-coordinated roughing and finishing method, thus failing to balance efficiency and precision. Existing chip removal methods mostly rely on single air blowing or single vacuum chip removal, resulting in poor chip removal performance and problems such as secondary chip adhesion and slag blockage, and they are not integrated with air curtain anti-oxidation functions. Furthermore, existing dual-pulse cutting and chip removal methods do not work in conjunction with dynamic focus adjustment and a fully closed-loop self-calibration system, making it impossible to achieve refined control throughout the entire process. The unique technical approach of this solution lies in its use of a time-coordinated dual-pulse cutting method combining picosecond coarse cutting and femtosecond fine finishing, balancing cutting efficiency and edge quality. It employs a micron-level air curtain-assisted and vacuum synchronous chip removal composite system to achieve the dual functions of air curtain anti-oxidation and synchronous chip removal, solving the problems of chip adhesion and clogging. Simultaneously, the dual-pulse cutting, composite chip removal, dynamic focus adjustment, and fully closed-loop self-correction system work in synergy to achieve precise control of the entire cutting process. Compared with existing publicly available technologies, this significantly improves cutting efficiency and quality, and markedly reduces the processing defect rate, making it more suitable for the refined processing needs of ultra-thin, irregularly shaped watch parts.

[0045] Compared to existing technologies, the dual-pulse timing-based collaborative cutting method in this step balances cutting efficiency and edge quality. The roughing stage improves processing efficiency, while the finishing stage enhances cutting precision and edge smoothness, reducing thermal deformation and edge burrs. The micron-level air curtain-assisted and vacuum synchronous chip removal composite system effectively avoids oxidation, secondary chip adhesion, and slag blockage in the cutting area, reduces the formation of a recast layer, and eliminates subsequent acid pickling and sandblasting processes, further improving processing efficiency. Simultaneously, its collaborative operation with the dynamic focus adjustment and fully closed-loop self-calibration system ensures the accuracy and stability of the cutting process, further improving cutting contour accuracy and processing consistency, reducing processing defects, and meeting the high-precision, high-surface-quality processing requirements of watch components.

[0046] Step S41: After the picosecond laser rough cutting is completed, remove the debris generated during the rough cutting process, and then start the femtosecond laser for fine finishing. The fine finishing trajectory is precisely aligned with the rough cutting trajectory: After the picosecond laser rough cutting, some debris will remain in the cutting area. If this debris is not removed in time, it will adhere to the surface of the parts or remain in the cut. During the femtosecond laser fine finishing process, it will cause the fine finishing trajectory to deviate, the edge quality to decrease, and processing defects such as burrs, scratches, and recast layers to appear. At the same time, it will affect the precise positioning of the laser focus and reduce the precision of the fine finishing. In addition, if the rough cutting trajectory and the fine finishing trajectory are not precisely aligned, it will result in excessive deviation of the cutting contour, which will not meet the high-precision processing requirements of watch parts. Therefore, a debris removal step needs to be added between rough cutting and fine finishing, while ensuring that the fine finishing trajectory is precisely aligned with the rough cutting trajectory, providing a clean and precise processing foundation for the fine finishing step.

[0047] Specific technical methods: This step employs a dedicated debris removal device, which includes a high-pressure air blowing module and a negative pressure adsorption module. The high-pressure air blowing module uses a micron-level high-pressure nozzle, aimed at the rough-cut area, to blow high-pressure gas and lift residual debris from the surface. The negative pressure adsorption module works in conjunction with the high-pressure air blowing module to adsorb the blown-up debris in real time, ensuring complete removal of debris and preventing it from remaining on the surface of the parts or in the cut. Simultaneously, a vision positioning module collects the coordinate data of the rough-cut trajectory in real time and transmits the data to the control system of the laser cutting equipment. The control system precisely adjusts the finishing trajectory of the femtosecond laser based on the coordinates of the rough-cut trajectory, ensuring precise alignment between the finishing trajectory and the rough-cut trajectory, with alignment deviation controlled within a preset range. Furthermore, during the finishing process, the vision positioning module continuously monitors the trajectory alignment; if deviation occurs, the finishing trajectory is adjusted in real time to ensure finishing accuracy.

[0048] Example: In this embodiment, after the picosecond laser coarse cutting of the escapement fork of the ultra-thin watch is completed, a dedicated debris removal device is activated. The micron-level nozzle of the high-pressure air blowing module is aimed at the coarse-cut area of ​​the escapement fork, blowing out high-pressure gas to lift up the debris remaining on the surface and in the cut during the coarse cutting process. The negative pressure adsorption module is activated simultaneously, generating negative pressure to adsorb the blown-up debris in real time, ensuring that the debris is completely removed and no impurities remain. After the debris removal is completed, the vision positioning module is activated to collect the coordinate data of the coarse cutting trajectory, including the trajectory coordinates of key parts such as the sharp corners, narrow slits, and curved surfaces of the escapement fork, and transmits the data to the control system. The control system compares the coarse cutting trajectory coordinates with the preset fine-tuning trajectory coordinates and calculates the deviation value. ,in For the cutting trajectory The contour deviation value at the specified location is used to set the allowable threshold for contour deviation. ,make sure Less than or equal to The system automatically adjusts the cutting trajectory of the femtosecond laser to ensure precise alignment between the finishing trajectory and the coarse cutting trajectory, especially at the sharp corners and narrow slits of the escapement fork, minimizing alignment deviations. During the finishing process, the vision positioning module continuously monitors the trajectory alignment. If trajectory deviations occur due to minor displacement of components or other factors, real-time feedback is sent to the control system, which promptly adjusts the finishing trajectory to ensure the finished contour perfectly matches the preset contour. For example, after the coarse cutting of the narrow slit of the escapement fork, a small amount of debris remains in the slit. This debris is thoroughly removed using high-pressure air blowing and negative pressure adsorption, ensuring precise alignment between the finishing trajectory and the coarse cutting trajectory. The femtosecond laser then refines the edges of the narrow slit, removing burrs from the coarse cutting and ensuring precise slit dimensions and smooth edges.

[0049] Currently available documents, such as the laser cutting rough and fine finishing connection method, laser cutting chip removal device, and the research on laser rough and fine finishing collaborative processing technology for precision parts, all record the connection technology and chip removal technology of laser rough cutting and fine finishing. However, the existing chip removal methods are mostly single air blowing or single adsorption, which have poor removal effect and cannot completely remove residual chips in the cut. The existing trajectory alignment mostly adopts manual adjustment or simple coordinate comparison, which has insufficient alignment accuracy and cannot achieve real-time monitoring and adjustment. At the same time, the existing technology does not organically combine chip removal and trajectory alignment, resulting in low connection efficiency and affecting the overall processing efficiency and quality. The unique technical approach of this solution lies in its use of a combined high-pressure air blowing and negative pressure adsorption method for debris removal. This method thoroughly removes residual debris from the surface and kerf, ensuring a clean finish area. Furthermore, it employs visual positioning to collect trajectory data in real time, combined with automatic adjustments from the control system, achieving precise alignment between the finish and roughing trajectories. The system also monitors trajectory deviations in real time and adjusts them promptly. This organic integration of debris removal and trajectory alignment improves the efficiency and accuracy of the roughing and finishing process. Compared to existing technologies, the finish quality and trajectory accuracy are significantly enhanced, reducing processing defects caused by residual debris and trajectory deviations.

[0050] Compared to existing technologies, the debris removal method in this step can thoroughly remove debris generated during the roughing process, avoiding the impact of debris residue on the finishing quality and reducing the generation of machining defects such as burrs, scratches, and recast layers during finishing. The precise alignment of the finishing trajectory with the roughing trajectory effectively improves finishing accuracy, reduces cutting contour deviation, and ensures the dimensional accuracy of watch parts. Real-time monitoring and adjustment of visual positioning further enhances the stability and accuracy of trajectory alignment, avoiding machining defects caused by deviation. At the same time, the organic combination of debris removal and trajectory alignment improves the efficiency of roughing and finishing, shortens the processing flow, and improves overall processing efficiency and quality.

[0051] Step S5: After cutting, the processed watch parts undergo blanking inspection: Blanking inspection is the final step in the laser precision cutting of watch parts. Its core purpose is to verify whether the processed parts meet the preset precision requirements and quality standards, select qualified products, and reject unqualified products to ensure the quality of the finished products. Watch parts have extremely high precision requirements; even slight dimensional deviations, edge burrs, and surface defects can affect the normal use of the watch. Therefore, high-precision inspection methods are required to comprehensively inspect the processed parts, including dimensional accuracy, contour accuracy, and surface quality, to ensure that qualified products meet the processing requirements. Simultaneously, the inspection data can be fed back to the control system to optimize subsequent processing parameters and improve processing quality and consistency.

[0052] Specific technical methods: This step employs a combination of high-precision visual inspection and 3D measurement. The inspection equipment includes a high-precision visual inspection system, a 3D coordinate measuring machine, and a surface roughness measuring instrument. First, the cut watch parts are unloaded from the positioning fixture and placed on the inspection platform for preliminary visual inspection to identify obvious surface defects. Then, the high-precision visual inspection system is activated to inspect the contour and dimensional accuracy of the parts. By acquiring contour images of the parts and comparing them with preset standard contour images, the contour deviation value is calculated. ,in For the cutting trajectory The profile deviation value at the location, if Less than or equal to the allowable threshold for contour deviation ,in If the contour deviation falls within the allowable threshold, the contour accuracy is considered acceptable. Simultaneously, a 3D coordinate measuring machine is used to precisely measure the key dimensions of the parts and compare them with preset standard dimensions to ensure dimensional accuracy meets requirements. Finally, a surface roughness measuring instrument is used to inspect the surface roughness of the parts, ensuring a smooth surface free of burrs, scratches, oxidation, and recast layers. After inspection, the data is recorded and analyzed to select qualified products and reject unqualified ones. Simultaneously, the inspection data is fed back to the laser cutting equipment's control system to optimize subsequent processing parameters, including coefficient values ​​in the algorithm formula and laser power. Cutting speed This will improve processing quality and consistency.

[0053] Example: In this embodiment, after the ultra-thin watch escapement fork is cut, it is unloaded from a dedicated positioning fixture and placed on a high-precision inspection platform. A preliminary appearance inspection is first performed to check for obvious surface scratches, oxidation, recast layers, or other defects. After passing the preliminary inspection, the high-precision vision inspection system is activated to acquire an overall contour image of the escapement fork. This image is then compared with a preset standard contour image to calculate the contour deviation value at each point x and y on the cutting trajectory. Set the allowable threshold for contour deviation. If all points All less than or equal to If the contour accuracy is satisfactory, then the contour accuracy is acceptable; if some points exist... Greater than If the contour accuracy is not up to standard, the product is rejected. Then, a 3D coordinate measuring machine is activated to precisely measure the key dimensions of the escapement fork, including the slit width, corner dimensions, and surface curvature. The measured data is compared with preset standard dimensions to ensure that dimensional deviations meet requirements. Finally, a surface roughness measuring instrument is activated to inspect the surface roughness of the escapement fork, especially the slit edges and curved areas, ensuring a smooth surface free of burrs and scratches. After inspection, all inspection data is recorded. Qualified products are categorized and stored, while unqualified products are analyzed to identify the causes of non-compliance. If non-compliance is due to deviations in processing parameters, the inspection data is fed back to the control system to optimize the algorithm formula. , , Adjust the laser power by taking equal values ​​for each coefficient. and cutting speed These parameters ensure the quality of subsequent processed products. For example, during the inspection of a certain escapement fork, tiny burrs were found on the edge of the narrow slot, and the surface roughness did not meet the requirements. After investigation, it was found that the cause was the energy density during fine-tuning. If there is a slight deviation, the detection data is fed back to the control system to optimize the parameters in the isoenergy density control formula and adjust the energy density of the femtosecond laser. The surface roughness of the escapement fork after subsequent processing was significantly improved and met the requirements.

[0054] Currently available documents, such as "Inspection Methods for Laser Cutting of Precision Parts," "High-Precision Inspection Devices for Watch Parts," and "Research on Quality Inspection Technology for Laser Cutting of Precision Watch Parts," all describe the inspection technology after laser cutting of watch components. However, existing technologies mostly employ single visual inspection or dimensional measurement, which is not comprehensive enough and cannot simultaneously inspect contour accuracy, dimensional accuracy, and surface quality. The inspection data from existing technologies are mostly used only to screen qualified products and are not fed back to the control system to optimize subsequent processing parameters, thus failing to achieve closed-loop control of processing-inspection-optimization. At the same time, the inspection accuracy of existing technologies is insufficient and cannot meet the high-precision inspection requirements of ultra-thin and irregularly shaped watch parts. The unique technical approach of this solution lies in its comprehensive inspection method, which combines high-precision visual inspection, three-dimensional coordinate measurement, and surface roughness measurement. This method enables comprehensive inspection of the contour accuracy, dimensional accuracy, and surface quality of parts, ensuring accurate inspection results. The inspection data is fed back to the control system to optimize subsequent processing parameters, achieving closed-loop control of processing-inspection-optimization, and continuously improving processing quality and consistency. At the same time, the precision of the inspection equipment is adapted to the inspection requirements of ultra-thin irregularly shaped parts for watches, with small inspection deviations. Compared with existing publicly available technologies, the comprehensiveness and accuracy of inspection are significantly improved, effectively screening qualified products while continuously optimizing the processing technology.

[0055] This comprehensive inspection method, compared to existing technologies, allows for all-around testing of processed watch parts, ensuring that qualified products meet preset precision requirements and quality standards, eliminating unqualified products, and improving the product pass rate. Inspection data is fed back to the control system to optimize subsequent processing parameters, achieving closed-loop control of processing-inspection-optimization, continuously improving processing quality and consistency. High-precision inspection equipment ensures the accuracy of inspection results, capturing minute dimensional deviations and surface defects, meeting the high-precision inspection requirements of watch parts. Simultaneously, the standardization of the inspection process improves inspection efficiency and provides quality assurance for subsequent batch processing.

[0056] Step S6: Parameter settings for the laser cutting equipment utilize a multi-material one-click matching laser process knowledge base and a self-learning parameter adjustment function. Watch parts are made from a variety of materials, including stainless steel, copper alloys, sapphire, and glass. Different materials have different physical properties and processing difficulties, requiring different laser processing parameters, such as laser power, cutting speed, focus adjustment coefficient, and correction coefficient. In existing technologies, when changing parts to different materials, operators need to manually adjust processing parameters based on experience. This process is cumbersome and time-consuming, and the accuracy depends heavily on the operator's experience, easily leading to unreasonable parameter settings, resulting in fluctuations in processing quality and a decrease in yield, failing to meet the processing needs of small-batch, multi-variety watch parts. Therefore, a multi-material one-click matching laser process knowledge base and a self-learning parameter adjustment function are needed to achieve rapid component changeover and parameter optimization for different materials, improving processing efficiency and quality stability.

[0057] Specific technical methods: This step utilizes a multi-material one-click matching laser process knowledge base and a self-learning parameter adjustment function, which is integrated into the control system of the laser cutting equipment. The laser process knowledge base stores optimal processing parameters for various commonly used materials in watch parts, including laser power. Cutting speed Focus adjustment coefficient , Correction coefficient , , , Each material corresponds to a set of preset optimal parameters. Operators only need to select the material of the part to be processed to call up the corresponding preset parameters with one click, achieving rapid model changeover. Simultaneously, the self-learning parameter tuning function can automatically optimize processing parameters based on the inspection data from each processing operation. Through iterative calculations, it gradually improves the adaptability of the parameters. The self-learning parameter tuning follows an iterative formula: and ,in The number of self-learning parameter tuning iterations. For the first Laser power parameters after the next iteration , For self-learning step size, To preset the processing quality standard value, For the first Quality evaluation indicators for secondary processing. For the first The laser energy density parameter after each iteration, through multiple iterations, improves the processing quality evaluation index. Approaching the preset standard value This enables automatic parameter optimization. Furthermore, the self-learning parameter tuning function can record the optimization process of processing parameters for different materials, continuously enriching the laser process knowledge base and improving the accuracy of parameter matching.

[0058] The application of this formula is based on the inherent relationship between processing quality evaluation indicators and processing parameters, and it introduces a self-learning step size. , Based on the quality deviation of each processing, the laser power and energy density parameters are gradually adjusted to achieve iterative optimization of the parameters, thereby continuously improving the processing quality and bringing it closer to the preset standard.

[0059] Example: In this embodiment, in addition to processing the ultra-thin watch escapement fork made of stainless steel, it is also necessary to process the watch crystal made of sapphire. The two materials have significantly different physical properties and require different processing parameters. When processing the sapphire watch crystal, the operator only needs to select the sapphire material in the control system of the laser cutting equipment. The one-click matching function for multiple materials can then retrieve the preset optimal processing parameters for sapphire material from the laser process knowledge base, including laser power. Cutting speed Focus adjustment coefficient , Correction coefficient , , , This eliminates the need for manual parameter adjustment, enabling rapid changeover and significantly reducing changeover time. After processing, the sapphire crystal's inspection data is fed back to the control system, triggering the self-learning parameter adjustment function to calculate the... Quality evaluation indicators for secondary processing , compared with the preset standard value Comparisons were made using iterative formulas. Adjusting laser power parameters Through formula Adjusting energy density parameters After multiple iterations Subsequently, processing quality evaluation indicators Approaching The parameters are optimized. For example, during the first processing of a sapphire crystal watch face, minor scratches were found on the surface. Greater than Adjusting laser power through iterative formulas and energy density During the second processing, the scratches were significantly reduced. near After multiple iterations, the processed sapphire crystal surface is smooth and free of scratches, meeting the quality requirements. At the same time, the optimized parameters are recorded in the laser process knowledge base. When processing sapphire crystals in the future, the optimized optimal parameters can be directly called to further improve the processing quality and consistency.

[0060] Currently available documents, such as the laser processing parameter knowledge base system, the self-learning parameter tuning method for laser cutting, and the research on laser processing parameter optimization for precision parts made of multiple materials, all record laser processing parameter knowledge bases and self-learning parameter tuning technologies. However, the existing knowledge bases store relatively few parameters, lack adaptability, and cannot meet the processing needs of various materials for watch parts. The self-learning parameter tuning functions of existing technologies are mostly iterative optimizations of single parameters, failing to achieve collaborative optimization of multiple parameters, resulting in insufficient optimization accuracy. Furthermore, the existing knowledge bases and self-learning parameter tuning functions are not effectively integrated, and the parameters optimized through self-learning cannot be updated to the knowledge base in a timely manner, hindering the continuous enrichment of the knowledge base. The unique technical approach of this solution lies in its laser process knowledge base, which is specifically optimized for commonly used materials in watch parts and stores optimal processing parameters for various materials, demonstrating strong adaptability. The self-learning parameter adjustment function enables collaborative iterative optimization of multiple parameters such as laser power and energy density, achieving high optimization accuracy. Simultaneously, the optimized parameters are promptly updated to the laser process knowledge base, ensuring its continuous enrichment. The one-click matching function, combined with the self-learning parameter adjustment function, significantly shortens changeover time and reduces reliance on operator experience. Compared to existing publicly available technologies, the accuracy and efficiency of parameter matching are significantly improved, meeting the processing needs of small-batch, multi-variety watch parts.

[0061] The multi-material one-click matching function in this step significantly shortens the changeover time for various watch parts compared to existing technologies, improves processing efficiency, reduces reliance on operator experience, and allows even beginners to quickly complete parameter settings. The self-learning parameter adjustment function enables automatic optimization of processing parameters, improves the accuracy of parameter matching, reduces processing defects caused by unreasonable parameter settings, and improves processing quality and consistency. The continuous enrichment of the laser process knowledge base further enhances the adaptability of parameter matching, meeting the processing needs of watch parts made of different materials. At the same time, multi-parameter collaborative optimization makes the processing parameters more closely match the processing requirements of the parts, further improving cutting accuracy and edge quality, and overall improving the processing efficiency and quality stability of watch parts.

[0062] This invention discloses a laser precision cutting method for watch parts. Through the coordinated operation of the above six steps, it achieves high-precision, high-stability, and high-efficiency cutting of watch parts. The core relies on two main technical means: dynamic focus and iso-energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm and temperature drift-power-pressure closed-loop self-correction system. Combined with auxiliary technical means such as laser process knowledge base for one-click matching of multiple materials and self-learning parameter adjustment function, it solves the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as focus deviation, energy unevenness, easy drift of processing parameters, poor batch consistency, and slow changeover between multiple materials for curved and unevenly thick parts.

[0063] Compared with currently available documents, the uniqueness of this technical solution is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, it integrates dynamic focus adjustment and equal energy density control into the same algorithm to achieve focus position... Cutting trajectory, energy density The real-time coordinated adjustment of the three components incorporates the thickness deviation rate into the focus adjustment formula. First, the energy density control formula achieves real-time matching, solving the problem of insufficient accuracy in adjusting a single parameter in existing technologies; second, a fully closed-loop self-correction system for temperature drift, power, and air pressure is constructed to achieve ambient temperature... Laser power Assist gas pressure The real-time linkage correction of the three technologies, with the correction formula comprehensively considering the influence of multiple factors, solves the problem that the single-parameter correction of existing technologies cannot effectively compensate for temperature drift and parameter drift; third, it adopts a time-coordinated dual-pulse cutting method of picosecond coarsening and femtosecond finishing, combined with a micron-level air curtain-assisted and vacuum synchronous chip removal composite system, to achieve a balance between efficiency and quality, solving the problems of poor chip removal effect and poor edge quality of existing technologies; fourth, it organically combines a process knowledge base with one-click matching of multiple materials with a self-learning parameter adjustment function, and achieves multi-parameter collaborative optimization through iterative formulas, while continuously enriching the knowledge base, solving the problems of slow multi-material changeover and poor parameter adaptability of existing technologies; fifth, it constructs a closed-loop processing system of "positioning-cutting-correction-detection-optimization", with each step working together to ensure processing accuracy, stability and consistency, forming a complete laser precision cutting solution for watch parts. Compared with existing publicly available technologies, the processing accuracy, processing efficiency and quality stability are significantly improved, making it more suitable for the processing needs of ultra-thin and complex irregular structure watch core parts.

[0064] The processing method of this invention is not only applicable to the processing of ultra-thin watch escapement forks, but can also be widely applied to the processing of various precision parts such as watch gears, watch crystals, dials, and hands. It is compatible with a variety of commonly used materials for watch parts, such as stainless steel, sapphire, copper alloys, and glass. It solves the core technical problems of existing laser cutting of watch parts, improves the processing quality and production efficiency of watch parts, reduces processing costs and dependence on operator experience, and has strong practicality and promotional value. It can promote the technological progress of the precision machining industry of watch parts.

Claims

1. A method for laser precision cutting of watch parts, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Position and fix the watch parts to be processed; S2. Start the laser cutting equipment, and use a dynamic focus and equal energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm to adjust the laser focus position, cutting trajectory and laser energy density in real time, so that the laser focus always maintains a preset relative position with the surface of the part being processed, and the laser energy density is evenly distributed throughout the cutting trajectory; S3. During the cutting process, activate the temperature drift-power-gas pressure closed-loop self-correction system, collect ambient temperature, laser power and auxiliary gas pressure data in real time, and automatically correct the laser power output value and auxiliary gas pressure value based on the collected data to compensate for processing deviations caused by changes in ambient temperature; S4. Use the laser cutting equipment to cut the positioned watch parts; S5. After cutting, perform unloading inspection on the processed watch parts.

2. The laser precision cutting method for watch parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: S1 specifically includes S11, placing the watch parts to be processed on a special positioning fixture; S12, activating the clamping mechanism of the positioning fixture to precisely clamp and fix the parts, ensuring that the parts do not shift during the cutting process.

3. The laser precision cutting method for watch parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the operation of the dynamic focus and equal energy density trajectory adaptive algorithm includes S21, collecting the processing contour data and thickness distribution data of the watch parts; S22, based on the collected data, preset the laser focus adjustment trajectory and energy density distribution parameters; S23, during the cutting process, real-time detection of the actual contour and thickness of the processing position, comparing with the preset data, and automatically adjusting the laser focus position and energy density to ensure uniform energy and precise focus during the cutting process.

4. The laser precision cutting method for watch parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the operation process of the temperature drift-power-pressure closed-loop self-calibration system includes S31, setting a temperature sensor, a power sensor, and a pressure sensor on the laser cutting equipment to collect ambient temperature, actual laser output power, and actual auxiliary gas pressure, respectively; S32, comparing the collected real-time data with preset standard data and calculating the deviation value; S33, automatically adjusting the laser power adjustment module and the pressure adjustment module according to the deviation value to maintain the laser power and auxiliary gas pressure within the preset standard range.

5. The laser precision cutting method for watch parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the laser cutting equipment adopts a dual-pulse time-series collaborative cutting method, first using a picosecond laser for rough cutting, and then using a femtosecond laser for fine cutting.

6. The laser precision cutting method for watch parts as described in claim 5, characterized in that: After the picosecond laser coarse cutting is completed, S41 is performed to remove the debris generated during the coarse cutting process, and then the femtosecond laser is started for fine finishing, with the fine finishing trajectory precisely aligned with the coarse cutting trajectory.

7. The laser precision cutting method for watch parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, a composite system of micron-level air curtain assistance and vacuum synchronous chip removal is used during the cutting process. The air curtain is formed around the laser cutting head, and the vacuum chip removal device is set up corresponding to the cutting area to remove the chips generated during cutting in real time.

8. The laser precision cutting method for watch parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the parameter settings of the laser cutting equipment adopt a laser process knowledge base with one-click matching of multiple materials and a self-learning parameter adjustment function. According to the material type of the watch parts to be processed, the corresponding process parameters are automatically called, and the parameter settings are optimized through the self-learning function.

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