Intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular open caisson and split type rectangular open caisson construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a rectangular open caisson intelligent positioning and leveling system and a split type rectangular open caisson construction method, and relates to the technical field of offshore building construction. The system comprises an intelligent positioning monitoring platform which is used for collecting and fusing the position, posture, anchor cable tension and environmental parameters of an open caisson in real time and outputting a control instruction; the multi-anchor-point cooperative positioning system comprises a plurality of ship anchors, an anchor cable set connected with the ship anchors and the open caisson, and a plurality of cable adjusting mechanisms used for receiving a control instruction and adjusting the length and tension of the anchor cable set. The capsule-jack combined leveling device comprises a plurality of leveling supporting legs at the bottom of the open caisson, hydraulic jacking mechanisms at the tops of the leveling supporting legs and a plurality of capsule pedestals below open caisson blade feet, the hydraulic jacking mechanisms are used for actively leveling the open caisson, and the capsule pedestals are used for being filled with quick-setting materials to form permanent support. The whole process of open caisson construction from positioning to leveling is timely and accurately controlled, and effective technical guarantee is provided for open caisson construction in the complex offshore environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine construction technology, and in particular to an intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons and a construction method for split-type rectangular caissons. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of large-scale marine engineering projects such as cross-sea bridges, the scale of construction is increasing daily, and the construction environment is becoming increasingly complex. Traditional rectangular caisson construction methods have revealed numerous technical challenges in the complex marine environment: First, in a dynamic marine environment, the precise positioning of caissons faces enormous challenges. Traditional mooring positioning systems mainly rely on manual experience to adjust cable tension, resulting in slow response times and difficulty in counteracting the complex forces of wind, waves, and currents on the caisson in real time. This makes it difficult to control the caisson's deviation and tilt within the allowable range specified by regulations.

[0003] Secondly, the leveling control effect of the caisson during the landing stage is not good. When the foundation is an uneven rock stratum, the traditional support method has problems such as low leveling accuracy, long construction period and difficulty in ensuring the compactness of the cushion layer, which can easily lead to uneven stress on the caisson and affect the long-term safety of the structure.

[0004] Furthermore, the entire construction process lacked systematic coordination. The positioning, monitoring, and leveling subsystems were independent of each other, failing to form an effective closed-loop control, resulting in low construction efficiency and making it difficult to complete key procedures within the short construction window. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons and a construction method for split-type rectangular caissons. The intelligent positioning and leveling system is constructed based on an intelligent positioning and monitoring platform, a multi-anchor point collaborative adjustment system, and a capsule-jack combined leveling device. This system enables timely and precise control of the entire caisson construction process from positioning to leveling, providing effective technical support for caisson construction in complex marine environments.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons, comprising: an intelligent positioning and monitoring platform, a multi-anchor point collaborative adjustment system, and a capsule-jack combined leveling device; The intelligent positioning and monitoring platform is used to collect and integrate the position, attitude, anchor cable tension and environmental parameters of the caisson in real time, and output control commands. The multi-anchor point coordinated positioning system includes: multiple anchors arranged around the caisson, anchor cable groups connecting the anchors and the caisson, and multiple cable adjustment mechanisms set on the top of the caisson. The cable adjustment mechanisms are used to receive control commands and adjust the length and tension of the anchor cable groups. The capsule-jack combined leveling device includes: multiple leveling legs vertically installed at the bottom of the caisson, a hydraulic jacking mechanism installed on the top of the leveling legs, and multiple capsule pads installed below the cutting edge of the caisson. The hydraulic jacking mechanism is used to actively level the caisson, and the capsule pads are filled with quick-setting material to form permanent support.

[0007] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform includes: a fleet scheduling subsystem, an attitude monitoring subsystem, and a digital twin central processing unit; The fleet scheduling subsystem is used to locate the vessels participating in the construction in real time and plan their routes. The attitude monitoring subsystem integrates a positioning receiver, tilt sensor, tension sensor, and underwater sonar rangefinder; The digital twin central processing unit is used to build virtual models and perform data fusion and corrective decision-making.

[0008] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the cable adjustment mechanism includes: a hydraulically driven continuous leveling jack, a reaction seat fixed to the wall of the caisson, and a traction assembly composed of multiple steel strands; the reaction seat and the steering seat for guiding the direction of the anchor cable are both welded and fixed to the outer wall of the caisson, and the installation height in the transverse direction is higher than that in the longitudinal direction; at least two layers of water inlet valves are provided on the wall of the caisson, including intelligent water inlet valves that are communicatively connected to the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform.

[0009] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the leveling support leg is a steel pipe column, and the lower part of the column is filled with concrete within a preset height range; at least two hydraulic jacking mechanisms are configured on the top of each leveling support leg; the capsule pad is a rubber capsule and is connected to a pumping pipeline for injecting micro-expansion quick-setting concrete.

[0010] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the interior of the caisson is divided into multiple independent compartments by the well wall and partition walls. The lower part of the partition wall of adjacent compartments is provided with a connecting hole, and a steel pipe is provided on the top of the compartment, which also serves as a water injection and exhaust pipe and a concrete conduit channel.

[0011] Secondly, the present invention provides a construction method for a split-type rectangular caisson, implemented based on the intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons provided in the first aspect above; the split-type rectangular caisson includes: a main span side caisson and a side span side caisson; the method includes: The main span side caisson construction work and the side span side caisson construction work were carried out in sequence, as well as the construction of tie beams and the extension cofferdam; The construction work of the main span side caisson and the side span side caisson both include at least: During the pre-planned construction period, multiple anchor boats are used to pull and tension multiple anchor cables to the cable adjustment mechanism in the caisson to complete the connection of the anchor cables. Water is injected into the independent compartments of the caisson in multiple stages, and the caisson's attitude is precisely positioned and adjusted based on feedback from the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform between each stage. After the caisson is placed in the preset state, the capsule-jack combined leveling device is activated for dynamic leveling. Then, quick-setting concrete is pumped into the capsule pad. After the concrete strength reaches the design requirements, the load is transferred from the leveling legs to the capsule pad.

[0012] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the steps of injecting water into the independent compartments of the caisson in multiple stages, and precisely positioning and adjusting the caisson's attitude based on feedback from the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform between each stage, include: By controlling the water injection flow rate of each compartment, the water level in each compartment rises evenly, and the total water injection reaches the first preset value, so that the cutting edge of the caisson is lowered to the first preset height from the base. The planar position, inclination and torsion angle of the caisson are adjusted by using a multi-anchor point coordinated adjustment system to make it reach the first preset accuracy standard; Continue injecting water until the total amount of water injected reaches the second preset value, so that the cutting edge of the caisson initially contacts the base. The capsule-jack combined leveling device is activated to initially level the inclination of the caisson; Continue injecting water until the total amount of water injected reaches the third preset value, so that the vertical load applied by the caisson to the foundation reaches the preset tonnage; Pumping quick-setting concrete into the capsule cushion; Continue injecting water until the water head inside and outside the caisson compartment is balanced.

[0013] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of activating the capsule-jack combined leveling device to initially level the inclination of the caisson includes: The intelligent positioning and monitoring platform calculates the elevation and overall tilt of the four sides of the caisson in real time. When the tilt exceeds the preset threshold, the hydraulic jacking mechanism is controlled to lift the leveling legs on the side with greater settlement and / or depressurize and lower the leveling legs on the side with greater lifting, until the caisson's posture is restored to the allowable range.

[0014] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of using multiple anchor boats to pull and tension multiple anchor cables to the cable-adjusting mechanism of the caisson during a predetermined construction period to complete the connection of the anchor cables includes: During the construction period, the anchor boat will connect one end of the anchor cable to the anchor that has been pre-dropped into the designated position, so that the anchor cable and the anchor are connected as a whole. The anchor boat travels in the direction of the anchor pointing to the caisson and lays the anchor cable using the winch on the anchor boat until it reaches the side of the caisson. Then, it connects the other end of the anchor cable to the cable adjustment mechanism on the caisson.

[0015] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: Within the first preset time after the caisson is placed, the crushed stone backfilling and sealing of the caisson cutting edge area is completed; within the second preset time, the pouring of the first layer of concrete for the caisson wall is completed.

[0016] This invention brings the following beneficial effects: This invention provides an intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons and a construction method for split-type rectangular caissons. The system includes: an intelligent positioning and monitoring platform, a multi-anchor point collaborative positioning system, and a capsule-jack combined leveling device. The intelligent positioning and monitoring platform is used to collect and integrate the caisson's position, attitude, anchor cable tension, and environmental parameters in real time, and output control commands. The multi-anchor point collaborative positioning system includes: multiple anchors arranged around the caisson, anchor cable groups connecting the anchors and the caisson, and multiple cable adjustment mechanisms set on the top of the caisson. The cable adjustment mechanisms are used to receive control commands and adjust the length and tension of the anchor cable groups. The capsule-jack combined leveling device includes: multiple leveling legs vertically set at the bottom of the caisson, hydraulic jacking mechanisms installed on the top of the leveling legs, and multiple capsule pads set below the caisson's cutting edge. The hydraulic jacking mechanisms are used to actively level the caisson, and the capsule pads are filled with quick-setting material to form permanent support. This system achieves timely and precise control of the entire caisson construction process from positioning to leveling, providing effective technical support for caisson construction in complex marine environments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a cable adjustment mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a capsule-jack combined leveling device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a buoyancy aid arrangement provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a cable passage in a main span side caisson provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a cable passage in a side-span caisson provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A flowchart of a caisson construction operation is provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] With the continuous development of large-scale marine engineering projects such as cross-sea bridges, the scale of engineering construction is increasing daily, and the construction environment is becoming increasingly complex. Traditional rectangular caisson construction methods have revealed numerous technical challenges in complex marine environments: First, in a dynamic marine environment, precise positioning of the caisson faces significant challenges. Traditional mooring positioning systems rely mainly on manual experience for cable tension adjustment, resulting in slow response times and difficulty in real-time counteracting the complex forces of wind, waves, and currents on the caisson, making it difficult to control caisson deviation and tilt within the allowable range. Second, the leveling control during the caisson placement phase is ineffective. When the foundation is uneven rock strata, traditional support methods suffer from low leveling accuracy, long construction periods, and difficulty in ensuring the compactness of the support layer, easily leading to uneven stress on the caisson and affecting the long-term structural safety. Third, the entire construction process lacks systematic coordination. The positioning, monitoring, and leveling subsystems are independent of each other, failing to form an effective closed-loop control, resulting in low construction efficiency and difficulty in completing key procedures within the short construction window.

[0026] This invention constructs an intelligent positioning and leveling system based on an intelligent positioning and monitoring platform, a multi-anchor point collaborative adjustment system, and a capsule-jack combined leveling device. The intelligent positioning and monitoring platform integrates and analyzes multi-source data on caisson position, attitude, anchor cable tension, and environmental parameters, and outputs precise control commands, achieving closed-loop control from perception and decision-making to execution, significantly improving the automation level and reliability of construction. The multi-anchor point collaborative adjustment system can synchronously and precisely adjust the extension and retraction of multiple anchor cables under the command of the intelligent platform, effectively resisting the influence of environmental loads such as wind, waves, and currents, ensuring the caisson maintains a stable attitude under complex sea conditions. The capsule-jack combined leveling device combines active hydraulic leveling with passive filling support, providing precise active leveling during caisson placement and rapidly forming reliable permanent support through the quick-setting material within the capsule pad, effectively solving the technical challenges of leveling and support under irregular foundation conditions. This achieves timely and precise control of the entire caisson construction process from positioning to leveling, providing effective technical support for caisson construction in complex marine environments.

[0027] This invention takes a suspension bridge anchor as an example, employing a split rectangular caisson foundation with rounded corners of 3.8m radius at each of the four corners. The front and rear caissons each have a planar dimension of 66×48m (transverse × longitudinal). The caisson on the main span side of the east anchor is 21.8m high with a bottom elevation of -24.900m, while the caisson on the side span side of the east anchor is 22.6m high with a bottom elevation of -25.700m. The bearing layer of the east anchor caisson base is composed of a moderately weathered granite layer and a sandy, strongly weathered granite layer.

[0028] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0029] Example 1 This invention provides an intelligent positioning and leveling system for a rectangular caisson, comprising: an intelligent positioning and monitoring platform, a multi-anchor point collaborative leveling system, and a capsule-jack combined leveling device. The intelligent positioning and monitoring platform is used to collect and integrate the caisson's position, attitude, anchor cable tension, and environmental parameters in real time, and output control commands. The multi-anchor point collaborative leveling system includes: multiple anchors arranged around the caisson, anchor cable groups connecting the anchors and the caisson, and multiple cable adjustment mechanisms set on the top of the caisson. The cable adjustment mechanisms are used to receive control commands and adjust the length and tension of the anchor cable groups. The capsule-jack combined leveling device includes: multiple leveling legs vertically set at the bottom of the caisson, a hydraulic jacking mechanism installed on the top of the leveling legs, and multiple capsule pads set below the caisson's cutting edge. The hydraulic jacking mechanism is used to actively level the caisson, and the capsule pads are filled with quick-setting material to form permanent support.

[0030] Specifically, the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform, acting as the "intelligent brain" of the entire system, uses multi-source data fusion technology to uniformly process the geometric attitude, mechanical state, and environmental parameters of the caisson. This platform collects planar coordinate data in real time through BeiDou / GPS positioning terminals deployed at the center of the four sides of the caisson, combining this with tilt angle measurements from tilt sensors to form a complete caisson attitude monitoring network. Simultaneously, tension sensors installed on eight anchor cables continuously monitor cable force changes, while underwater sonar rangefinders provide precise data on the distance between the cutting edge and the base. All this data is uploaded to the digital twin central processing unit via an IoT gateway. This unit constructs a virtual mirror based on the caisson's BIM model and performs data fusion and attitude calculation using proprietary algorithms. When the monitored data exceeds a preset threshold, the system automatically generates correction commands and sends them to the actuators, achieving complete closed-loop control from perception and decision-making to execution, thereby significantly improving the intelligence level and precision control capabilities of the caisson construction.

[0031] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform includes: a fleet scheduling subsystem, an attitude monitoring subsystem, and a digital twin central processing unit; the attitude monitoring subsystem integrates a positioning receiver, an tilt sensor, a tension sensor, and an underwater sonar rangefinder; the digital twin central processing unit is used to construct a virtual model and perform data fusion and correction decisions.

[0032] Specifically, the fleet scheduling subsystem, based on BeiDou and AIS dual-mode positioning technology, can perform real-time positioning and trajectory planning for tugboats, anchor boats, and other vessels participating in the construction with centimeter-level accuracy. This subsystem establishes a real-time vessel position sharing network among tugboats, anchor boats, and floating cranes, with a communication cycle controlled within one second, ensuring the efficiency and safety of multi-vessel collaborative operations. The attitude monitoring subsystem constitutes the system's "sensory nerve endings." A GNSS receiver provides the caisson's planar position information, an inclination sensor monitors the caisson's spatial attitude, a tension sensor provides real-time feedback on the anchor cable's stress state, and an underwater sonar rangefinder accurately measures the distance changes between the cutting edge and the base. The digital twin central processing unit, as the core decision-making body, constructs a virtual model completely synchronized with the physical caisson. It can deeply fuse multi-source heterogeneous monitoring data, calculate the caisson's six-degree-of-freedom attitude in real-time based on preset control algorithms, and automatically generate corresponding correction commands when attitude deviations or cable tension anomalies are detected. This multi-layered, comprehensive intelligent monitoring system enables the system to maintain the stability and accuracy of the caisson in complex marine environments.

[0033] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the cable adjustment mechanism includes: a hydraulically driven continuous leveling jack, a reaction seat fixed to the wall of the caisson, and a traction assembly composed of multiple steel strands; the reaction seat and the steering seat for guiding the direction of the anchor cable are both welded and fixed to the outer wall of the caisson, and the installation height in the transverse direction is higher than that in the longitudinal direction; at least two layers of water inlet valves are provided on the wall of the caisson, and the water inlet valves include intelligent water inlet valves that are communicatively connected to the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform.

[0034] Specifically, the cable adjustment mechanism, as the execution terminal of the positioning system, has a structural design that directly affects the accuracy and reliability of the caisson positioning. (See also...) Figure 1The schematic diagram shown in this embodiment of the invention illustrates the layout of a cable adjustment mechanism. The cable retrieval system consists of a 560t continuous leveling jack, a reaction seat, steel strands, a conversion joint, a slide rail, and a steering seat, with a total of 8 sets. Each set of steel strands uses 23 φ17.8mm steel strands with a tensile strength fpk=1860MPa. The reaction seat is made of 30mm / 20mm / 16mm thick steel plates welded to the outer wall of the steel caisson, with a total of 8 sets. It is firmly connected to the caisson wall through reinforcing plates to ensure that it can withstand the huge leveling reaction force. The transverse bridge reaction seat is 815mm higher than the longitudinal bridge reaction seat. The corresponding position of the reaction seat is reinforced with 22mm thick steel plates against the steel caisson wall. The transition joint is welded from 60mm / 40mm / 30mm / 12mm / 10mm thick steel plates, with one end connected to a wire rope knot and the other end connected to a steel strand via an anchor. A roller is installed at the bottom of the transition joint, allowing it to slide on the slide rail. The slide rail is welded from two 20a channel steel sections, with the bottom slide rail fixed by a clamping plate. On the construction platform at the top of the caisson, the top-level slide rail is fixed to a slide rail support frame welded from 10-type channel steel. The support frame is then welded to the construction platform at the top of the caisson to form a whole, ensuring that the wire rope does not twist during the cable retrieval process. The steering seats are made of 20mm / 16mm / 12mm / 10mm thick steel plates welded to the outer wall of the steel caisson, with a total of 8 sets. Notably, the transverse bridge steering seats are 815mm higher than the longitudinal bridge steering seats, effectively avoiding mutual interference between anchor cables in different directions during the retrieval and deployment process. The steering seats allow the anchor cable to be introduced into the cable retrieval system at the optimal angle. The roller structure at the bottom of the conversion joint, in conjunction with the channel steel welded slide rail, ensures stability during the traction process.

[0035] See Figure 2 The diagram shown illustrates a capsule-jack combined leveling device arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention. Eight leveling devices are installed on the four sides of the caisson, with two leveling cylinders in each device, requiring a total of 16 cylinders. Calculations indicate a maximum single-point reaction force of 443.3t, necessitating the selection of 500t hydraulic cylinders. After assembly, the positioning anchors are transported by barge to the bridge site and deployed one by one according to the designed positioning coordinates.

[0036] The collection process includes the following steps: Mark the positions on the reaction seat, and use a 50t gantry crane in the dock to hoist the 560t hydraulic cylinder to the corresponding position; Requirements: After the 560t hydraulic cylinder is hoisted into place, each positioning cylinder should be fixed with a welded clamp plate, which should be secured to the lower anchor plate of the positioning cylinder; When hoisting the cylinder, pay attention to the orientation of the hydraulic lock and stroke sensor holes to facilitate the connection of high-pressure oil pipes and the installation of sensors; To prevent the steel strand from bending at the upper end of the cylinder due to sag, which would affect the subsequent lowering and loosening of the cable, a steel strand guide frame needs to be installed at the front end of the cylinder.

[0037] The two layers of inlet valves installed on the caisson wall constitute a key component of the intelligent water injection system. The lower intelligent inlet valve communicates with the monitoring platform in real time, enabling precise control of the water injection flow and timing in each compartment based on the caisson's attitude adjustment requirements. This structural design, closely integrated with intelligent control, significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of caisson positioning and leveling. The water injection volume can be controlled by an electromagnetic flowmeter. An electromagnetic flowmeter is an inductive instrument that measures the volumetric flow rate of a medium within a pipe based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Employing microcontroller embedded technology, it achieves digital excitation. In addition to providing on-site display, the electromagnetic flowmeter can also output a 4–20mA current signal for recording, adjustment, and control.

[0038] Before the caisson is undocking and floating, ultrasonic level gauges are installed. During water injection and sinking, the automatic water level monitoring system assists in controlling the water level elevation within each compartment. The water level difference within each compartment is strictly controlled during the sinking process. The ultrasonic level gauge consists of a complete ultrasonic sensor and control circuit. The ultrasonic waves emitted by the sensor are reflected from the liquid surface, and the time required for return is used for calculation. A temperature sensor corrects for the temperature influence during ultrasonic wave transmission, converting the result into the distance between the liquid surface and the ultrasonic sensor. This data is displayed on an LCD screen and outputs a 4mA-20mA analog signal for remote reading by the field instrument.

[0039] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, by analyzing different anchor cable deployment schemes, the proposed cable deployment scheme, under the calculated working conditions, has a maximum anchor cable force of 315.8t. According to the "Design and Analysis of Floating Structure Positioning System" (SY-T10040-2016), in the case of proximity to structures, based on the quasi-static analysis method, the recommended safety factor for the wire rope is not less than 2.2, thus the minimum breaking force of the cable needs to be ≥694.8t. Using a steel core wire rope with a tensile strength of 1960MPa, a nominal diameter of 104mm is required. At this point, the minimum breaking force of the wire rope is 859t, and the safety factor is 2.72 > 2.2. The anchor chain adopts a grade 3 87mm type with a breaking force of 550t. The cable retrieval length is between 3 and 4m, and the maximum displacement of the caisson is 1.78m.

[0040] Each anchor cable consists of two parts: a steel wire rope at the caisson end and an anchor chain at the anchor end. The steel wire rope is 8XK46WS+IWRC-104, with a standard steel core and right-hand cross-lay, and a length of 220 mm (170 m). Each steel wire rope has closed joints at both ends, and the length of the steel wire rope (including joints) is the center distance between the open and closed joints at both ends. The anchor chain at the anchor end is 35 m long and is pre-connected to the ship's anchor and placed in the water. After the caisson is floated into position, the steel wire rope at the caisson end is connected to the anchor chain and then passed to the cable retrieval system at the top of the caisson.

[0041] Further, see Figure 3The diagram shown illustrates a buoyancy plate arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention. Multiple buoyancy plates are installed in the caisson. The main span side steel caisson and the side span side caisson are floated to a water area 380m southeast of the east anchor with a water depth of 20m. After water is injected until the buoyancy plates are removed, a tugboat pulls the caisson to its designated position. Once the caisson is floated to the buoyancy plate removal position, the tugboat assists in positioning. Workers enter the caisson to remove the buoyancy plate connecting bolts. First, the four middle water inlet valves are opened to inject water into the caisson. The auxiliary tugboat gradually changes the mooring position as the draft increases until the eight middle buoyancy plates detach. Eight connecting pipes on the caisson wall are opened, and water is injected until the water level in the corresponding caisson reaches 4m. Then, the four short-side connecting pipes are closed, while the four long-side connecting pipes continue to inject water until the corresponding eight buoyancy plates detach. Afterward, the four short-side connecting pipes are opened again, and water is injected until the corresponding eight buoyancy plates detach. After all buoyancy plates are removed, the tugboat pushes the caisson to the predetermined position for mooring operations. A 200t floating crane is used to retrieve the buoyancy plates from the water.

[0042] Construction process flow: Step 1: Float the buoyancy aid plate to the location where it needs to be removed. Manual personnel will enter the well chamber to remove the bolts connecting the buoyancy aid plate to the caisson. At this time, the buoyancy aid plate will still be tightly attached to the bottom of the caisson due to the pressure of the seawater at the bottom.

[0043] Step 2: Open the water injection holes on the four middle buoyancy plates to allow water to enter the well. When the water level in the well reaches 4.34m and the draft of the caisson reaches 5.74m, the eight middle buoyancy plates will begin to fall onto the foundation bed.

[0044] Step 3: Open the eight connecting pipes on the well wall, and inject water until the water level in the corresponding well hole reaches 4m. Then close the four connecting pipes on the short side, and the caisson will have a draft of 8.06m.

[0045] Step 4: Using the four connecting pipes along the long side, continue to inject water until the water level in the corresponding well reaches 7.25m, and the draft of the caisson reaches 8.67m. The eight buoyancy aids along the long side then begin to fall onto the foundation bed.

[0046] Step 5: Open the four connecting pipes on the short side and continue to inject water until the water level in the corresponding well reaches 9.15m. When the draft of the caisson reaches 10.57m, the eight buoyancy aids on the short side begin to fall onto the foundation bed. Use tugboats to push the caisson to the positioning position, and use a 300t floating crane to retrieve the removed buoyancy aids.

[0047] See Figure 4 The diagram shown below illustrates a cable routing method for a main span side caisson according to an embodiment of the present invention. The cable routing sequence is as follows: Step 1: During low tide, the caisson will be floated to a location approximately 100m south of the designed position. Two anchor boats will be ready at anchor positions 1 and 2 (south). This process will take approximately 0.5 hours.

[0048] Step Two: During high tide, four tugboats stabilize the caisson's position, and two anchor boats connect the South 1 and South 2 cables. This process takes approximately 4 hours.

[0049] Step 3: During high tide, the caisson is floated to its designed location. Four tugboats stabilize the caisson's attitude, while two anchor boats are prepared in advance at anchor positions North 1 and North 2. The process takes approximately 1 hour.

[0050] Step 4: During low tide, three tugboats stabilize the caisson's position, while two anchor boats carrying the hoisting winch's wire rope, along with two other anchor boats carrying the main cable, connect the North 1 and North 2 cables. This process takes approximately 6 hours.

[0051] Step 5: During high tide, two tugboats stabilize the caisson's position, while two anchor boats carrying the hoisting winch's wire rope, along with the two anchor boats carrying the main cable, connect the North 3 and South 3 cables. This process takes approximately 6 hours.

[0052] Step Six: During low tide, two anchor boats carrying the wellhead traction winch wire rope, along with two anchor boats carrying the main cable, connect the North 4 and South 4 cables. This process takes approximately 6 hours.

[0053] See Figure 5 The diagram shown below illustrates a side-span caisson cable routing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The cable routing sequence is as follows: Step 1: During low tide, the caisson will be floated to a location approximately 100m south of the designed position. Two anchor boats will be prepared in advance at anchor positions 1 and 2 south of the caisson. This process will take approximately 0.5 hours.

[0054] Step Two: During high tide, four tugboats stabilize the caisson's position, and two anchor boats connect the cables of South 1 and South 2. This process takes approximately 4 hours.

[0055] Step 3: During high tide, the caisson is floated to its designed location. Four tugboats stabilize the caisson's attitude, while two anchor boats are prepared in advance at anchor positions 1 and 2 (North). The process takes approximately 1 hour.

[0056] Step 4: During low tide, three tugboats stabilize the caisson's position, while two anchor boats carrying the hoisting winch's wire rope, along with two other anchor boats carrying the main cable, connect the North 1 and North 2 cables. This process takes approximately 6 hours.

[0057] Step 5: During high tide, two tugboats stabilize the caisson's position, while two anchor boats carrying the hoisting winch's wire rope, along with the two anchor boats carrying the main cable, connect the North 3 and South 3 cables. This process takes approximately 6 hours.

[0058] Step Six: During low tide, two anchor boats carrying the wellhead traction winch wire rope, along with two anchor boats carrying the main cable, connect the North 4 and South 4 cables. This process takes approximately 6 hours.

[0059] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the leveling support leg is a steel pipe column, and its lower part is filled with concrete within a preset height range; each leveling support leg is equipped with at least two hydraulic jacking mechanisms at its top; the capsule pad is a rubber capsule and is connected to a pumping pipeline for injecting micro-expansion quick-setting concrete.

[0060] Specifically, the structural design of the leveling outriggers fully considers the complex stress conditions of offshore construction. The main load-bearing structure of the leveling outriggers is constructed from Φ1.2m, 24mm thick steel pipe columns, with C30 concrete filling the lower 3m area, significantly enhancing the outriggers' shear resistance and overall stability. Two 500t hydraulic leveling jacks are installed at the top of each leveling outrigger, providing sufficient lifting force redundancy (redundancy coefficient ≥1.13) to ensure reliable operation even under extreme conditions.

[0061] See also Figure 2 The capsule-shaped support units are evenly distributed at the bottom of the caisson. Made of rubber, these units offer excellent flexibility and sealing, and their 1.8m x 0.7m dimensions provide sufficient support area. The grouting volume is calculated based on the distance from the foundation to the cutting edge, with a grouting pressure of no less than 1 MPa. The capsules are connected to a C40 micro-expansion quick-setting concrete supply system via a high-pressure pump pipeline. This quick-setting material has an initial setting time of ≤30 minutes and micro-expansion characteristics, enabling rapid formation of a high-strength support structure after filling. This combination of "rigid leveling + flexible support" design ensures both precise control of the leveling process and reliable durability of the final support system.

[0062] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the interior of the caisson is divided into multiple independent compartments by the well wall and partition walls. The lower part of the partition wall of adjacent compartments is provided with a connecting hole, and a steel pipe that serves as both a water injection and exhaust pipe and a concrete conduit channel is provided on the top of the compartment.

[0063] Specifically, the caisson is divided into 35 independent compartments by the well walls and partitions. This zoning design allows for differentiated water injection control based on the caisson's attitude adjustment needs. 600mm x 600mm connecting holes at the bottom of the partitions ensure hydraulic connection between adjacent compartments during water level adjustment, preventing structural stress concentration due to excessive water level differences. The Φ630 x 12mm steel pipes at the top of the compartments serve multiple functions: acting as vents during water injection to ensure smooth flow, and as conduits for subsequent concrete pouring. The caisson water injection system is divided into nine control zones, each independently controlled by an intelligent inlet valve. Combined with dual monitoring using electromagnetic flowmeters and ultrasonic level gauges, precise synchronous control of water levels in each compartment is achieved, providing a solid foundation for the caisson's stable sinking and precise leveling.

[0064] Taking a suspension bridge anchor as an example, a split rectangular caisson foundation is adopted. The front and rear caissons are both 66×48m in plan (transverse × longitudinal). The four corners are rounded with a radius of 3.8m to reduce water flow resistance. The caisson is prefabricated in 5 sections: the first section is 3.9m high, the fifth section is 5.4m high, and the remaining sections are all 5m high. The first to third steel caisson sections consist of caisson walls and partition walls. Except for the second section, the planar structure includes 24 well openings formed by the caisson walls and partition walls. The caisson walls are 2.0m thick, and the partition walls are 1.3m thick. The connection points between the partition walls are chamfered at 1.5m x 1.5m to enhance structural rigidity; the wall thickness of the second section of the steel caisson is 2.0-2.6m, and the thickness of the partition walls is 1.3-2.5m, with thickening treatment according to the stress requirements; the first and second sections are equipped with shear keys within the height range to improve shear resistance; the bottom of the first section of the caisson wall and partition walls is equipped with cutting edges, 0.6m high, to facilitate the caisson cutting into the soil layer; the fourth and fifth sections of the steel caisson only have caisson walls, with a wall thickness of 1.35m, and the inner side of the caisson wall is equipped with perforated plates and shear studs to connect with the concrete top slab of the caisson.

[0065] This invention provides an intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons, comprising: an intelligent positioning and monitoring platform, a multi-anchor point collaborative leveling system, and a capsule-jack combined leveling device. The intelligent positioning and monitoring platform is used to collect and integrate the caisson's position, attitude, anchor cable tension, and environmental parameters in real time, and output control commands. The multi-anchor point collaborative leveling system includes: multiple anchors arranged around the caisson, anchor cable groups connecting the anchors and the caisson, and multiple cable adjustment mechanisms set on the top of the caisson. The cable adjustment mechanisms are used to receive control commands and adjust the length and tension of the anchor cable groups. The capsule-jack combined leveling device includes: multiple leveling legs vertically set at the bottom of the caisson, hydraulic jacking mechanisms installed on the top of the leveling legs, and multiple capsule pads set below the caisson's cutting edge. The hydraulic jacking mechanisms are used to actively level the caisson, and the capsule pads are filled with quick-setting material to form permanent support. This system achieves timely and precise control of the entire caisson construction process from positioning to leveling, providing effective technical support for caisson construction in complex marine environments.

[0066] Example 2 Based on the above embodiments, this invention provides a construction method for a split rectangular caisson, implemented based on the intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons provided in the first aspect above; the split rectangular caisson includes: a main span side caisson and a side span side caisson; before the caisson is placed on the bed, two tugboats and four anchor boats are used to tow the caisson to the prepared position. During the towing phase, the ships share their positions in real time through Beidou short message service, and the towing time is 6 hours.

[0067] The construction method includes: sequential construction of the main span side caisson and the side span side caisson, as well as the construction of tie beams and the extension of the cofferdam; Among them, see Figure 6The illustrated embodiment of the present invention provides a caisson construction operation flowchart, wherein the main span side caisson construction operation and the side span side caisson construction operation both include at least: Step S102: During the pre-set construction period, multiple anchor boats are used to pull and tension multiple anchor cables to the cable adjustment mechanism of the caisson to complete the connection of the anchor cables.

[0068] Specifically, cable laying is a crucial preliminary step in caisson positioning. Taking the main span side caisson as an example, the cable laying operation is carried out according to a strict sequence: First, during low tide, the caisson is floated to approximately 100 meters south of the designed position, where two anchor boats are prepared at anchor positions South 1 and South 2; then, during high tide, four tugboats stabilize the caisson's attitude and complete the connection of the South 1 and South 2 cables; next, during the next high tide, the caisson is floated to the designed position, where two anchor boats are prepared at anchor positions North 1 and North 2; during low tide, the connection of the North 1 and North 2 cables is completed; finally, the connections of the North 3 and South 3 cables and the North 4 and South 4 cables are completed in sequence. The cable laying construction for the side span side caissons adopts the same process, but their anchor positions are arranged relatively independently, marked as South 1′, South 2′, North 1′, North 2′, etc., to ensure that the anchoring systems of the two caissons do not interfere with each other. The entire cable transfer process takes full advantage of the favorable conditions of a current velocity of ≤0.4m / s during the slack tide period. Through real-time monitoring by tension sensors, the cable force deviation is controlled within 5%, laying the foundation for subsequent precise positioning.

[0069] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of using multiple anchor boats to pull and tension multiple anchor cables to the cable adjustment mechanism of the caisson during a preset construction period to complete the connection of the anchor cables includes: completing the connection of the anchor cables in the opposite direction during high tide and completing the connection of the anchor cables in the downstream direction during low tide.

[0070] Specifically, the method provided in this embodiment of the invention fully considers the impact of tidal patterns on construction and adopts the scientific principle of "construction against the current." For the main span side caisson, during high tide, the connection of the South 1 and South 2 cables in the counter-current direction (south side) is completed first, using the tidal thrust to assist the caisson in positioning; during low tide, the connection of the North 1 and North 2 cables in the downstream direction (north side) is completed. The side span side caisson also follows this principle, but its construction sequence is staggered from that of the main span side, ensuring efficient utilization of ship machinery and equipment. This construction method, which conforms to natural forces, not only reduces ship energy consumption, but more importantly, through the bidirectional regulating effect of the tides, allows the caisson to gradually approach the design position in a more stable manner, effectively reducing the structural stress caused by forced positioning and improving construction accuracy and safety.

[0071] In step S104, water is injected into the independent compartments of the caisson in multiple stages, and the caisson's attitude is precisely positioned and adjusted based on feedback from the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform between each stage.

[0072] Specifically, the four-stage water injection process is the core technology to ensure the stable landing of the caisson. The water injection landing operation of the main span side caisson is divided into four stages: water injection, one precision positioning, one leveling, and one construction of concrete pad blocks. Specifically, it includes: the first stage of water injection: 5108m³ of water is symmetrically injected into 35 independent compartments through intelligent water inlet valves. 3 To achieve a precise positioning of the caisson, with the cutting edge 2m from the base, the water inlet valve was closed, and the tension of each anchor cable was adjusted using leveling jacks to ensure the caisson's center deviation was ≤50cm and its tilt was ≤1 / 150. Second water injection: 549m³ of water was continued to be injected into the compartment. 3 The caisson cutting edge is positioned precisely on the bed. At this point, parameters such as the caisson's inclination are monitored again, and adjustments are made using the leveling device to ensure the caisson's posture meets requirements. The third water injection: During low tide, water is continued until the total injection volume reaches 7775m³. 3 The vertical load on the foundation bed of the caisson reaches 2600t. Then, C40 quick-setting concrete is poured into the capsule pad. After the concrete strength reaches the design requirements, the force on the caisson is transferred from the leveling device to the pad support. The fourth water injection: the second-layer water inlet valve is opened to make the water head inside and outside the compartment consistent, completing the caisson sinking process. The water injection control adopts a dual control principle: the water injection volume of the compartment is controlled by an electromagnetic flow meter, and the water level elevation in the compartment is controlled by an ultrasonic level meter to ensure that the water level difference between each compartment is ≤10cm. This staged and reversible water injection control strategy, combined with real-time monitoring and feedback, ensures the safety and controllability of the two caisson landing process.

[0073] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the steps of injecting water into the independent compartments of the caisson in multiple stages, and precisely positioning and adjusting the caisson's attitude based on feedback from the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform between each stage, include: controlling the water injection flow rate of each compartment to make the water level in each compartment rise uniformly, so that the total water injection reaches a first preset value, causing the caisson's cutting edge to drop to a first preset height from the base; using a multi-anchor point collaborative adjustment system to adjust the caisson's planar position, inclination, and torsion angle to achieve a first preset accuracy standard; continuing to inject water until the total water injection reaches a second preset value, so that the caisson's cutting edge initially contacts the base; activating the capsule-jack combined leveling device to initially level the caisson's inclination; continuing to inject water until the total water injection reaches a third preset value, so that the vertical load applied by the caisson to the base reaches a preset tonnage; pumping quick-setting concrete into the capsule pad; and continuing to inject water until the water head inside and outside the caisson compartments is balanced.

[0074] Specifically, during the main span side caisson filling, the water flow rate of each compartment was precisely controlled by 17 inlet valves (9 in the lower layer and 8 in the upper layer) installed on the caisson wall, ensuring that the water level difference between the 35 compartments was ≤10cm. During the precision positioning stage, the caisson's attitude was adjusted to the required range according to the adjustment sequence of "inclination → planar torsion → transverse bridge position → longitudinal bridge position". During the side span side caisson filling, although the inlet valve locations differed from the main span side (located 11.7m and 23.0m below the top of the cofferdam), the same control strategy was adopted. When both caissons reached a base load of 2600t after the third water filling, C40 quick-setting concrete was immediately pumped into the 12 capsule seats at a grouting pressure ≥1MPa, ensuring a capsule filling rate ≥95%. This standardized construction process ensured that both caissons achieved excellent accuracy with a center offset of 8cm and a verticality of 1 / 150.

[0075] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the step of activating the capsule-jack combined leveling device to initially level the inclination of the caisson includes: calculating the elevation of the center of the four sides of the caisson and the overall inclination in real time through an intelligent positioning monitoring platform; when the inclination exceeds a preset threshold, controlling the hydraulic jacking mechanism to lift the leveling leg on the side with greater settlement and / or depressurize and lower the leveling leg on the side with greater lifting, until the caisson posture is restored to the allowable range.

[0076] Specifically, during the leveling of the main span caisson, GNSS receivers deployed at the centers of the four sides of the caisson collect elevation data in real time. The digital twin platform uses this data to calculate the verticality of the caisson in the X and Y directions. When the tilt exceeds a preset threshold of 1 / 150, the system automatically generates a leveling command, controlling the hydraulic jacking mechanism at the corresponding location. Although the side span caissons differ in height from the main span caissons (21.8m high for the main span and 22.6m high for the side span), the same leveling control strategy is employed. Because the lower 3m of the leveling legs is filled with C30 concrete, providing sufficient shear resistance, the structural safety of the leveling process is ensured. This intelligent leveling method allows the leveling of both caissons to be completed in a short time, significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0077] Step S106: After the caisson is placed in the preset state, the capsule-jack combined leveling device is started for dynamic leveling. Then, quick-setting concrete is pumped into the capsule pad. After the concrete strength reaches the design requirements, the load is transferred from the leveling legs to the capsule pad.

[0078] Specifically, after the main span caisson is placed and dynamically leveled, C40 micro-expansion quick-setting concrete is immediately injected into 12 Φ1.8m×0.7m rubber capsules via a high-pressure pumping system. The side span caisson uses the same support conversion process, but its base elevation is -25.700m, which differs from the -24.900m of the main span side. Therefore, the grouting volume needs to be specifically calculated based on the distance from the base to the cutting edge. This special concrete has an initial setting time of ≤30min, enabling rapid formation of a high-strength support structure. Once the concrete strength reaches the design requirements, the system gradually removes the load from the leveling jacks, smoothly transferring the caisson weight from the temporary leveling device to the permanent support system. This standardized support conversion process ensures reliable long-term support for both caissons.

[0079] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: completing the backfilling and sealing of the caisson cutting edge area with crushed stone within a first preset time after the caisson is placed on the bed; and completing the pouring of the first layer of concrete for the caisson wall within a second preset time.

[0080] Specifically, the main span side caisson underwent backfilling and sealing with crushed stone within 24 hours of its placement, and the first layer of concrete for the caisson wall was poured within 42 hours. In practical application, it withstood the test of Typhoon Talim (Category 10), with displacement increments controlled within 2cm. The side span side caisson construction followed the same standard, but due to its later construction time, the schedule needed to be adjusted based on specific typhoon forecasts. Both caissons were equipped with acoustic deterrent devices to implement effective marine life protection measures. After the caissons stabilized, the positioning system was dismantled in a predetermined sequence to ensure safety and environmental protection throughout the entire construction process. This comprehensive safety assurance system provides reliable technical support for the construction of split-type caissons in complex marine environments.

[0081] The construction method also includes the removal of the buoyancy aids: After the caisson is floated to a location 380m from the installation position and 20m deep, the buoyancy aids are removed in stages. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Float the caisson to the location where the buoyancy aids will be removed, and personnel will manually enter the caisson to remove the bolts connecting the buoyancy aids to the caisson. At this point, the buoyancy aids will still be tightly attached to the bottom of the caisson due to the pressure of the seawater at the bottom. Step 2: Open the water injection holes on the four middle buoyancy aids to allow water to enter the well holes. When the water level in the well holes reaches 4.34m and the caisson draft reaches 5.74m, the eight middle buoyancy aids will begin to detach onto the foundation bed. Step 3: Open the eight connecting pipes on the well wall and inject water into the corresponding wells. When the water level in the borehole reaches 4m, close the four connecting pipes on the short side, and the caisson's draft reaches 8.06m; Step four: Using the four connecting pipes on the long side, continue to inject water until the corresponding borehole water level reaches 7.25m, and the caisson's draft reaches 8.67m. The eight buoyancy aids on the long side begin to detach onto the foundation bed; Step five: Open the four connecting pipes on the short side, and continue to inject water until the corresponding borehole water level reaches 9.15m, and the caisson's draft reaches 10.57m. The eight buoyancy aids on the short side begin to detach onto the foundation bed. Use tugboats to push the caisson to its positioning position, and use a 300t floating crane to retrieve the removed buoyancy aids; The removal of the buoyancy aids adopts a zoned water injection strategy to ensure the stability of the caisson's posture.

[0082] Furthermore, after the main span side caisson and the side span side caisson were successfully anchored, acoustic devices were used to repeatedly drive away marine animals. A steel-shell concrete tie beam was constructed to connect the main span side caisson and the side span side caisson. The steel shell served as the formwork for the tie beam construction. Including the steel shell thickness, the tie beam was 24m wide, 11.75m high (the concrete structure of the tie beam was 10m thick), and 29.5m long. A raised cofferdam was constructed at the top of the caissons and tie beams, with a top elevation of 6.700m. This cofferdam will be removed after the anchor construction is completed. The current velocity in the construction area was 1.2 m / s, and the wave height was 1.1 m.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rectangular caisson intelligent positioning and leveling system, characterized in that, include: Intelligent positioning and monitoring platform, multi-anchor point collaborative adjustment system and capsule-jack combined leveling device; The intelligent positioning and monitoring platform is used to collect and integrate the position, attitude, anchor cable tension and environmental parameters of the caisson in real time, and output control commands. The multi-anchor point coordinated positioning system includes: multiple anchors arranged around the caisson, an anchor cable group connecting the anchors and the caisson, and multiple cable adjustment mechanisms set on the top of the caisson. The cable adjustment mechanisms are used to receive the control commands and adjust the length and tension of the anchor cable group. The capsule-jack combined leveling device includes: multiple leveling legs vertically installed at the bottom of the caisson, a hydraulic lifting mechanism installed on the top of the leveling legs, and multiple capsule pads installed below the cutting edge of the caisson. The hydraulic lifting mechanism is used to actively level the caisson, and the capsule pads are filled with quick-setting material to form permanent support.

2. The intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent positioning and monitoring platform includes: a fleet scheduling subsystem, an attitude monitoring subsystem, and a digital twin central processing unit; The fleet scheduling subsystem is used to locate the vessels participating in the construction in real time and to plan their routes. The attitude monitoring subsystem integrates a positioning receiver, tilt sensor, tension sensor, and underwater sonar rangefinder. The digital twin central processing unit is used to construct virtual models and perform data fusion and corrective decision-making.

3. The intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable adjustment mechanism includes: a hydraulically driven continuous leveling jack, a reaction seat fixed to the wall of the caisson, and a traction assembly composed of multiple steel strands; the reaction seat and the steering seat for guiding the direction of the anchor cable are both welded and fixed to the outer wall of the caisson, and the installation height in the transverse direction is higher than that in the longitudinal direction; at least two layers of water inlet valves are provided on the wall of the caisson, and the water inlet valves include intelligent water inlet valves that are communicatively connected to the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform.

4. The intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling support leg is a steel pipe column, and its lower part is filled with concrete within a preset height range; each leveling support leg is equipped with at least two hydraulic jacking mechanisms at its top; the capsule pad is a rubber capsule and is connected to a pumping pipeline for injecting micro-expansion quick-setting concrete.

5. The intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interior of the caisson is divided into multiple independent compartments by the well wall and partition walls. The lower part of the partition wall of adjacent compartments has a connecting hole, and a steel pipe is installed on the top of the compartment, which also serves as a water injection and exhaust pipe and a concrete conduit channel.

6. A construction method for a split-type rectangular caisson, characterized in that, The implementation is based on the intelligent positioning and leveling system for rectangular caissons as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; The split rectangular caisson includes: a main span side caisson and a side span side caisson; the method includes: The construction operations of the main span side caisson and the side span side caisson were carried out in sequence, as well as the construction of tie beams and the extension cofferdam; The construction operations of the main span side caisson and the side span side caisson each include at least the following: During the pre-planned construction period, multiple anchor boats are used to pull and tension multiple anchor cables to the cable adjustment mechanism in the caisson to complete the connection of the anchor cables. Water is injected into the independent compartments of the caisson in multiple stages, and the caisson's attitude is precisely positioned and adjusted based on feedback from the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform between each stage. After the caisson is placed in the preset state, the capsule-jack combined leveling device is activated for dynamic leveling. Then, quick-setting concrete is pumped into the capsule pad. After the concrete strength reaches the design requirements, the load is transferred from the leveling legs to the capsule pad.

7. The construction method for a split rectangular caisson according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process involves injecting water into the independent compartments of the caisson in multiple stages, and precisely positioning and adjusting the caisson's attitude based on feedback from the intelligent positioning and monitoring platform between each stage. This includes: By controlling the water injection flow rate of each compartment, the water level in each compartment rises evenly, and the total water injection reaches the first preset value, so that the cutting edge of the caisson is lowered to the first preset height from the base. The planar position, inclination, and torsion angle of the caisson are adjusted using the multi-anchor point coordinated positioning system to achieve the first preset accuracy standard. Continue injecting water until the total amount of water injected reaches the second preset value, so that the cutting edge of the caisson initially contacts the base. The capsule-jack combined leveling device is activated to perform preliminary leveling of the caisson's inclination. Continue injecting water until the total amount of water injected reaches the third preset value, so that the vertical load applied by the caisson to the foundation reaches the preset tonnage; Pumping quick-setting concrete into the capsule seat; Continue injecting water until the water head inside and outside the caisson compartment is balanced.

8. The construction method for a split rectangular caisson according to claim 7, characterized in that, The steps for initially leveling the inclination of the caisson by activating the capsule-jack combined leveling device include: The intelligent positioning and monitoring platform calculates the elevation and overall tilt of the four sides of the caisson in real time. When the tilt exceeds the preset threshold, the hydraulic jacking mechanism is controlled to lift the leveling legs on the side with greater settlement and / or depressurize and lower the leveling legs on the side with greater lifting, until the caisson's posture is restored to the allowable range.

9. The construction method for a split rectangular caisson according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the pre-planned construction period, multiple anchor boats are used to pull and tension multiple anchor cables to the cable-setting mechanism in the caisson, completing the connection of the anchor cables. This includes: During the construction period, the anchor boat connects one end of the anchor cable to the anchor that has been pre-dropped to a designated location, so that the anchor cable and the anchor are connected as a whole. The anchor boat travels along the direction of the anchor pointing to the caisson and lays the anchor cable using the winch on the anchor boat until it reaches the side of the caisson, whereupon the other end of the anchor cable is connected to the cable adjustment mechanism on the caisson.

10. The construction method for a split rectangular caisson according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Within the first preset time after the caisson is placed, the crushed stone backfilling and sealing of the caisson cutting edge area is completed; within the second preset time, the pouring of the first layer of concrete for the caisson wall is completed.

Images