Fabricated filling retaining wall and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine filling mining, and discloses an assembly type filling retaining wall which comprises a supporting frame, the supporting frame comprises a plurality of vertical supports vertically arranged side by side and a plurality of first transverse supports transversely arranged side by side, and the vertical supports and the first transverse supports are detachably and fixedly connected through right-angle fasteners; the lateral wall fixing assembly comprises a first fixing rod, one end of the first fixing rod abuts against the vertical support, and the other end of the first fixing rod is fixed to the lateral wall rock wall of the roadway; the anchoring layer is arranged on the side, close to the stope, of the supporting frame and comprises a plurality of anchor rods vertically arranged side by side and an anchor net covering the anchor rods, and the anchor rods and the anchor net are detachably fixed to the supporting frame through first connecting pieces; the filter cloth is arranged on the side, close to the stope, of the anchoring layer. According to the assembly type filling retaining wall, common materials of a mine are utilized, fire operation is reduced, and rapid disassembly, assembly and repeated utilization of the assembly type filling retaining wall are achieved. The invention further discloses a construction method of the fabricated filling retaining wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine backfilling technology, and in particular to a prefabricated backfilling retaining wall and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Backfill mining is a mining method that manages ground pressure and controls surrounding rock collapse by supplying backfill materials to the goaf. It has advantages such as low ore loss rate and effective control of surface subsidence, and is one of the most widely used mining methods. In backfill mining, the construction of backfill retaining walls is one of the key production links, and their construction efficiency and strength directly affect mine production efficiency and safety.

[0003] Currently, prefabricated retaining walls are widely used in mines. These flexible retaining walls utilize a steel frame combined with steel formwork, fabric sealing curtains, and other flexible materials. Their advantages include the deformability of the flexible materials, allowing them to better adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock and backfill, reducing the risk of cracking; their lighter weight also lowers the load-bearing capacity requirements of the tunnel floor, resulting in lower material and construction costs. However, prefabricated retaining walls currently require the purchase of specialized steel and other materials, leading to complex material procurement and management; construction involves welding and hot work, requiring complex approval processes and posing high risks; and material recycling is difficult, easily resulting in material waste.

[0004] Therefore, how to utilize commonly available materials in mines, reduce hot work operations, and achieve rapid disassembly and reuse of prefabricated filling retaining walls is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a prefabricated filling retaining wall that utilizes commonly available materials in mines, reduces hot work operations, and enables the rapid assembly, disassembly, and reuse of the prefabricated filling retaining wall.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A prefabricated filling retaining wall, constructed at the entrances of mine roadways and stopes, includes: The support frame includes multiple vertically arranged side by side vertical braces and multiple horizontally arranged first horizontal braces. The vertical braces and first horizontal braces are scaffolding pipes and are detachably fixedly connected by right-angle couplers. The side wall fixing assembly includes at least four first fixing rods, which are arranged horizontally. One end of the first fixing rod abuts against the vertical support, and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the tunnel. An anchoring layer is set on the side of the support frame near the mining area, including multiple vertically arranged anchor rods and an anchor mesh covering the anchor rods. The anchor rods are arranged parallel to the vertical supports, and the anchor rods and anchor mesh are detachably fixed to the support frame through the first connector. The filter cloth is installed on the side of the anchoring layer near the mining area, and the edges of the filter cloth are fixed to the side walls, roof and floor of the roadway.

[0007] Optionally, the prefabricated filling retaining wall also includes a back support stabilizing frame. The back support stabilizing frame is set on the side of the support frame away from the mining area and includes at least two second horizontal supports arranged in parallel and multiple diagonal supports. The second horizontal supports are arranged in parallel with the first horizontal supports. The two ends of each diagonal support are detachably fixed to the second horizontal supports and the vertical supports respectively by swivel fasteners. The two ends of the second horizontal supports are fixed to the side rock wall of the roadway by second fixing rods.

[0008] Optionally, in the above-mentioned prefabricated infill retaining wall, in the vertical direction, the connection node between the same diagonal brace and the vertical brace is higher than the connection node between the diagonal brace and the second horizontal brace.

[0009] Optionally, in the above-mentioned prefabricated infill retaining wall, each end of the second horizontal brace is connected to two diagonal braces, and the other ends of the two diagonal braces are connected to different height positions of the same vertical brace.

[0010] Optionally, in the above-mentioned prefabricated filling retaining wall, the vertical brace, the first horizontal brace and / or the second horizontal brace include multiple sub-pipes, and the ends of the sub-pipes are detachably and fixedly connected to the ends of adjacent sub-pipes by swivel fasteners.

[0011] Optionally, in the above-mentioned prefabricated infill retaining wall, wooden wedges are provided at the intersection of the vertical brace and the first horizontal brace, and / or at the connection between the first fixed rod and the vertical brace.

[0012] Optionally, in the above-mentioned prefabricated filling retaining wall, the anchor bolt is an integral structure; or, the anchor bolt includes multiple sub-anchor bolts, and the ends of the sub-anchor bolts are fixedly connected to the ends of adjacent sub-anchor bolts through a second connector.

[0013] Optionally, in the above-mentioned prefabricated filling retaining wall, the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod include round steel, square steel and threaded steel; and / or, The first and second connectors include wire, straps, bolts, or pins.

[0014] A method for constructing a prefabricated infill retaining wall, comprising the following steps: S1: Drill holes for fixing the filter cloth in the sidewalls and roof of the tunnel, and drill the first hole at a predetermined position in the sidewalls of the tunnel, and insert the first fixing rod in the first hole. S2: Fix the edges of the filter cloth to the rock wall, roof and floor of the tunnel respectively; S3: Connect multiple vertical supports to the first fixed rod that has been inserted into the rock wall, and use swivel fasteners to fix the vertical supports and the first horizontal supports to form a support frame. Use the first connector to fix the anchor rod and anchor net to the side of the support frame near the mining area.

[0015] Optionally, in the above-mentioned prefabricated filling retaining wall construction method, the prefabricated filling retaining wall also includes a back support stabilizing frame. The back support stabilizing frame is set on the side of the support frame away from the mining area, including at least two second horizontal supports arranged in parallel and multiple diagonal supports. The second horizontal supports are arranged in parallel with the first horizontal supports. The two ends of each diagonal support are detachably fixed to the second horizontal supports and the vertical supports respectively by swivel fasteners. The two ends of the second horizontal supports are fixed to the side rock wall of the roadway by second fixing rods. The prefabricated filling retaining wall construction method also includes: S4: Drill a second hole in the rock wall of the tunnel and insert a second fixing rod into the second hole. Fix both ends of the second cross brace to the side rock wall of the tunnel through the second fixing rod. Use swivel fasteners to connect one end of multiple diagonal braces to the second cross brace and the other end to the vertical brace to form a back support stabilizing frame.

[0016] This invention provides a prefabricated filling retaining wall, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The prefabricated filling retaining wall provided by this invention has a stable frame-type support structure, forming a multi-layer support and sealing system consisting of a support frame, anchoring layer, and filter cloth. The support force is stable and it is used to seal the interface between the roadway and the mining area, preventing the filling material from leaking out after entering the goaf of the mining area.

[0017] The filter cloth directly contacts the filling material in the goaf and prevents the filling material from overflowing, thus filtering water from the filling material. Anchor mesh is laid on the side of the support frame closest to the stope, tightly against the filter cloth, to further evenly distribute pressure, reduce stress concentration in the filter cloth, and prevent large pieces of gravel in the filling material from directly impacting and puncturing the filter cloth. Anchor bolts are vertically positioned between the anchor mesh and the support frame, providing support for the anchor mesh and transmitting pressure more evenly to the support frame. Horizontal and vertical braces constitute the main frame of the support frame, and the grid structure formed by the parallel vertical braces and the first horizontal brace facilitates the even transmission of support force. Furthermore, the vertical braces are fixed to the sidewall of the roadway by first fixing rods. A first borehole is drilled in the sidewall, and one end of the first fixing rod is inserted into the borehole, with the other end abutting against the vertical brace. When subjected to outward pressure from the filling material, the rod can resist the vertical brace, thus fixing its position. The filling pressure of the filling material is transmitted through filter cloth, anchor mesh, and anchor bolts, and then dispersed through the grid structure of the support frame. Finally, it is transmitted and dispersed into the stable rock mass, rather than relying on a single node to bear the entire load, which effectively reduces the risk of safety accidents such as retaining wall collapse.

[0018] Furthermore, this invention employs a mechanical quick-connect system, where components are detachably and securely connected via connectors and right-angle fasteners. This facilitates the assembly and fixation of the overall structure, making installation and disassembly convenient, simplifying initial installation and subsequent removal, improving work efficiency, ensuring material recycling and reuse, and reducing thermal damage from welding and cutting losses, significantly increasing the reusability of key components. The invention connects the first horizontal and vertical supports via right-angle fasteners, allowing for flexible adjustment of the grid density of the support frame. In actual construction, the prefabricated filling retaining wall can adapt to roadways of different cross-sections and sizes, eliminating the need for pre-measurement and customization, demonstrating strong on-site adaptability and saving time. Moreover, the entire construction process of the prefabricated filling retaining wall is weld-free and requires no hot work, eliminating the need for approval procedures, equipment preparation, safety monitoring, post-weld inspection, and final cutting procedures. This improves work efficiency, reduces the risks associated with hot work during construction, and minimizes air pollution in the roadway.

[0019] The prefabricated filling retaining wall provided by this invention uses commonly used scaffolding pipes, anchor bolts, and anchor mesh as the main materials, reducing the purchase of specialized retaining wall materials and spare parts, and lowering management costs. At the same time, it makes full use of common mining scaffolding pipes and anchor bolts and anchor mesh, which are the main support system for roadways, achieving waste material utilization and reducing material costs. This invention solves the problems of high dependence on specialized materials, high material costs, the need for hot work during construction, and difficulties in disassembly, reassembly, recycling, and reuse in prefabricated filling retaining walls.

[0020] The prefabricated filling retaining wall construction method provided by this invention is used to construct the above-mentioned prefabricated filling retaining wall, and therefore has all the technical effects of the above-mentioned prefabricated filling retaining wall, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the prefabricated infill retaining wall disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated filling retaining wall along the tunnel axis disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the filter cloth disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the skeleton disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the diagonal brace disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; in: 1 Anchor bolt, 2 Anchor mesh, 3 Vertical brace, 4 First horizontal brace, 5 Diagonal brace, 6 Second horizontal brace, 7 Goaf, 8 Filter cloth, 9 Support frame, 10 First fixing rod, 11 Second fixing rod. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be described below through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the specific embodiments below are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the reagents and equipment used are commercially available. If specific processing conditions and methods are not explicitly described in the later embodiments, conditions and methods known in the art can be used for processing.

[0024] The technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. The embodiments of this application are only examples, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top surface," "bottom surface," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the indicated position or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] like Figures 1-5 As shown, this invention discloses a prefabricated filling retaining wall, constructed at the entrance of mine roadways and stopes, comprising: a support frame 9, the support frame 9 including multiple vertically arranged parallel vertical supports 3 and multiple horizontally arranged parallel first horizontal supports 4, the vertical supports 3 and the first horizontal supports 4 being scaffolding pipes, and the vertical supports 3 and the first horizontal supports 4 being detachably fixedly connected by right-angle fasteners; and a side wall fixing assembly, including at least four first fixing rods 10, the first fixing rods 10 being arranged horizontally, the first fixing... One end of rod 10 abuts against vertical support 3, and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the roadway; the anchoring layer is set on the side of the support frame 9 near the mining area, including multiple vertically arranged anchor rods 1 and anchor net 2 covering the anchor rods 1. The anchor rods 1 are arranged parallel to the vertical support 3. The anchor rods 1 and anchor net 2 are detachably fixed to the support frame 9 through the first connector; the filter cloth 8 is set on the side of the anchoring layer near the mining area. The edge of the filter cloth 8 is fixed to the side wall, roof and bottom of the roadway respectively.

[0027] The prefabricated filling retaining wall provided by the present invention has a stable frame-type support structure, forming a multi-layer support and sealing system consisting of a support frame 9, an anchoring layer, and a filter cloth 8. The support force is stable and it is used to seal the interface between the roadway and the mining area, preventing the filling material from leaking out after entering the goaf 7 of the mining area.

[0028] The filter cloth 8 directly contacts the filling material of the goaf 7 and prevents the filling material from overflowing, thus filtering water from the filling material. The anchor mesh 2 is laid on the side of the support frame 9 near the stope, closely attached to the filter cloth 8, to further evenly distribute pressure, reduce local stress concentration in the filter cloth 8, and prevent large pieces of gravel in the filling material from directly impacting and piercing the filter cloth 8. The anchor rod 1 is vertically set between the anchor mesh 2 and the support frame 9, providing support for the anchor mesh 2 and transmitting pressure more evenly to the support frame 9. The horizontal and vertical supports 3 constitute the main frame of the support frame 9, and the grid structure formed by the parallel vertical supports 3 and the first horizontal support 4 facilitates the even transmission of support force. Furthermore, the vertical support 3 is fixed to the side wall of the roadway by the first fixing rod 10. By drilling a first hole in the side wall, one end of the first fixing rod 10 is inserted into the first hole, and the other end abuts against the vertical support 3. When subjected to outward pressure from the filling material, it can hold the vertical support 3 in place, thus fixing the position of the vertical support 3. The filling pressure of the filling material is transmitted through the filter cloth 8, the anchor mesh 2, and the anchor rod 1, and then dispersed through the grid structure of the support frame 9. Finally, it is transmitted and dispersed into the stable rock mass. Instead of relying on a single node to bear the entire load, it effectively reduces the risk of safety accidents such as retaining wall collapse.

[0029] Furthermore, this invention employs a mechanical quick connection, with each component detachably fixed via connectors and right-angle fasteners. This facilitates the assembly and fixation of the overall structure, making installation and disassembly convenient, simplifying initial installation and subsequent dismantling, improving work efficiency, ensuring material recycling and reuse, and reducing thermal damage from welding and cutting losses, significantly increasing the reusability of key components. The invention connects the first horizontal brace 4 and the vertical brace 3 via right-angle fasteners, allowing for flexible adjustment of the grid density of the support frame 9. In actual construction, the prefabricated filling retaining wall can adapt to roadways of different cross-sections and sizes, eliminating the need for pre-measurement and customization, demonstrating strong on-site adaptability and saving time. Moreover, the entire construction process of the prefabricated filling retaining wall is weld-free and requires no hot work, eliminating the need for approval procedures, equipment preparation, safety monitoring, post-weld inspection, and final cutting procedures. This improves work efficiency, reduces the dangers of hot work during construction, and minimizes air pollution in the roadway.

[0030] The prefabricated filling retaining wall provided by this invention uses commonly used scaffolding pipes, anchor bolts 1, and anchor mesh 2 as the main materials, reducing the purchase of specialized retaining wall materials and spare parts, and lowering management costs. At the same time, it makes full use of common mining scaffolding pipes and anchor bolts 1 and anchor mesh 2, which are the main support system for roadways, achieving waste material utilization and reducing material costs. This invention solves the problems of high dependence on specialized materials, high material costs, the need for hot work during construction, and difficulties in disassembly, assembly, recycling, and reuse of prefabricated filling retaining walls.

[0031] To significantly improve the ability of the prefabricated filling retaining wall to resist enormous lateral pressure and prevent overall overturning, a preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a back-bracing stabilizing frame. This back-bracing stabilizing frame is located on the side of the support frame 9 away from the mining area and includes at least two horizontally arranged second cross braces 6 and multiple diagonal braces 5. The second cross braces 6 are parallel to the first cross braces 4 and located at a certain distance outside the support frame 9. The second cross braces 6 also utilize scaffolding pipes, with both ends fixed to the sidewalls of the roadway via second fixing rods 11.

[0032] It should be noted that one end of both the first fixing rod 10 and the second fixing rod 11 is fixed to the side wall of the tunnel, but the other end of the second fixing rod 11 is sleeved with the second cross brace 6, while the first fixing rod 10 abuts against the vertical brace 3. The connection methods of the two are slightly different. The second cross brace 6 is a hollow scaffolding pipe. By drilling a second hole in the side wall of the tunnel, one end of the second fixing rod 11 is inserted into the second drill hole, and the other end is sleeved with the end of the second cross brace 6 to fix the position of the second cross brace 6.

[0033] The diagonal braces 5 are the main force-transmitting components. The upper end of each diagonal brace 5 is detachably connected to a vertical brace 3 of the support frame 9 via a swivel coupler, and its lower end is detachably connected to a second horizontal brace 6 via another swivel coupler. The swivel couplers allow the pipes to be locked at any angle, making them ideal for connecting the diagonal braces 5. The back support stabilizer provides support to the support frame 9, improving the strength of the prefabricated infill retaining wall and effectively reducing the risk of safety accidents such as retaining wall collapse.

[0034] To further optimize the stress performance of the back support stabilizer, the connection node positions of the diagonal brace 5 are limited, such as... Figure 5 As shown, in the vertical direction, the connection node between the same diagonal brace 5 and the vertical brace 3 is higher than the connection node between the diagonal brace 5 and the second horizontal brace 6, causing the diagonal brace 5 to be in an inclined state. When the filling pressure pushes the support frame 9, the force will be converted into an outward pressure and a downward component force on the second horizontal brace 6 through the diagonal brace 5, and finally transmitted to the side rock wall through the second fixed rod 11, which greatly improves the overall stiffness and overturning resistance of the structure.

[0035] In embodiments with particularly high load-bearing requirements or wide tunnels, the back-bracing stabilizer can be reinforced. Specifically, each end of the second horizontal brace 6 is connected to two diagonal braces 5, the other ends of which are connected to the same vertical brace 3, but at different heights. Viewed from the side, the endpoints of the second horizontal brace 6, the two diagonal braces 5, and the vertical brace 3 together form a triangular support area. This arrangement uses two diagonal braces 5 to distribute the load originally transmitted by a single diagonal brace 5, and by providing support at different heights, effectively constrains the position of the vertical brace 3, significantly enhancing the structural stability. Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment employs four first horizontal supports 4, four vertical supports 3, two second horizontal supports 6, and eight diagonal supports 5. Among them, the two vertical supports 3 near the side wall of the tunnel abut against the first fixed rod 10, and the two vertical supports 3 in the middle are connected to the diagonal supports 5.

[0036] Due to the varying underground transportation conditions and tunnel dimensions, standard-length scaffolding pipes may not directly meet the length requirements of the vertical support 3, the first horizontal support 4, or the second horizontal support 6. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the vertical support 3, the first horizontal support 4, and the second horizontal support 6 include multiple sub-pipes, the ends of which are detachably fixed to adjacent sub-pipes via swivel couplers. Taking the second horizontal support 6 as an example, when a 4.5m long second horizontal support 6 is required, two 3m standard pipes can be spliced ​​together. During splicing, swivel couplers are used as extension couplers to connect the sub-pipes. The ends of the two standard pipes are joined together, and after adjusting the length, the joint of the two standard pipes is tightened and fixed using swivel couplers. The joint length is 1.5m. The slot of the swivel coupler holds the two pipes, and after tightening the bolts, a reliable rigid connection is formed. Similarly, the first horizontal support 4 and the vertical support 3 can also be extended in this way. This splicing method provides great flexibility, enabling the support frame 9 and back brace stabilizer of the present invention to adapt to tunnels of various specifications without the need for custom-made pipes of special lengths.

[0037] In complex or fractured tunnel rock conditions, to facilitate disassembly and eliminate gaps between components and the rock wall or at component connections, enhance fastening, and ensure effective force transmission, this invention can use wooden wedges for auxiliary fixing. Wooden wedges are placed at the intersection of the vertical support 3 and the first horizontal support 4, the connection between the first fixing rod 10 and the vertical support 3, and the connection between the second fixing rod 11 and the second horizontal support 6. For example, at the intersection of the vertical support 3 and the first horizontal support 4, since there may be a small gap between the pipe and the fastener after the right-angle fastener is tightened, or it may loosen under stress, small wooden wedges can be driven into the gap between the fastener and the pipe to make the connection tighter and reduce shaking.

[0038] The anchor rod 1 in this invention can adopt two different structural forms depending on the material and construction conditions. For example, the anchor rod 1 can be an integral structure, that is, the anchor rod 1 is a single complete rod, such as a standard length of slotted pipe anchor rod. This form is quick to install and is suitable for situations where the tunnel height matches the standard anchor rod length. During installation, it can be directly attached to the vertical support 3 and tied and fixed.

[0039] Alternatively, anchor bolt 1 may consist of multiple sub-anchor bolts, with the ends of adjacent sub-anchor bolts fixedly connected by a second connector. When a longer anchor bolt 1 is required and the length of a single standard bolt is insufficient, a segmented connection can be used. For example, if a 3m long anchor bolt 1 is needed, two 2m long sub-anchor bolts can be used. The ends of the two sub-anchor bolts are overlapped to adjust the overall length, and then the overlapping part is fixed by the second connector. The segmented structure greatly enhances the adjustability of the anchor bolt 1 length, allowing it to adapt to roadways of various heights.

[0040] Specifically, the first connector is used to detachably fix the anchor mesh 2 and the anchor rod 1 to the support frame 9, and the second connector is used to fix adjacent sub-anchor rods. Both the first and second connectors include wire, binding straps, bolts, or pins. Wire is used to bind the anchor rod 1 and the anchor mesh 2, which is the lowest cost option. The binding straps are nylon cable ties or stainless steel clamps, which allow for fast binding and adjustable tightness. The bolts and nuts provide a detachable rigid connection, and the pins engage with through holes for quick locking.

[0041] In this embodiment, since slotted bolts are widely used for support in mines, slotted bolts are used for anchor bolt 1. Different mines can choose similar support materials based on their own specific circumstances. The specifications of anchor bolt 1 can be selected from a preset standard length series according to the roadway height, and its diameter is preferably 52mm. These anchor bolts 1 are arranged vertically at a spacing of approximately 400mm and are detachably fixed to the inside of the vertical support 3 by wire or detachable special straps. During installation, by selecting an appropriate length of anchor bolt 1, it can be ensured that the top and bottom ends of the anchor bolt 1 can be tightly close to the top and bottom rock strata of the roadway after installation, thereby achieving active tensioning and full-length anchoring of the anchor bolt 1 along the vertical support frame. This modular length selection and detachable binding method allows the anchoring layer to quickly adapt to roadway cross-sections of different heights without the need for on-site cutting or welding.

[0042] The first fixing rod 10 and the second fixing rod 11 include round steel, square steel, and threaded steel. The round steel has a smooth surface, making it easy to insert into the drill hole. When used as the first fixing rod 10, the round steel can also cooperate with a connector to further reinforce the vertical support 3 and the first fixing rod 10. The flat surface of the square steel facilitates stable contact with the side of the vertical support 3, while the transverse ribs on the surface of the threaded steel increase friction, resulting in a more secure fit with the drill hole.

[0043] This invention also discloses a method for constructing a prefabricated filling retaining wall, which includes the following steps: S1: drilling holes for fixing filter cloth 8 in the sidewall and roof of the roadway, and drilling a first hole at a predetermined position in the sidewall of the roadway, inserting a first fixing rod 10 into the first hole; S2: fixing the edge of the filter cloth 8 to the rock wall, roof and bottom of the roadway respectively; S3: abutting multiple vertical supports 3 with the first fixing rod 10 inserted into the rock wall, fixing the vertical supports 3 and the first horizontal supports 4 with swivel fasteners to form a support frame 9, and fixing the anchor rod 1 and the anchor mesh 2 to the side of the support frame 9 near the mining area through the first connector.

[0044] The filter cloth 8 used in this invention can be a geotextile filter cloth, which can be made of 300 grams per square meter. The specifications of the filter cloth 8 can be determined according to parameters such as the particle size and concentration of the filling slurry and the height of the filling chamber. During construction, the holes on the edge of the filter cloth 8 are aligned with the pre-drilled holes in the filter cloth, and expansion bolts are used to fasten it to the roof and side walls of the tunnel to achieve initial sealing and blocking of the filling material. The filter cloth 8 can be fixed to the tunnel floor using excavated soil, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the filter cloth 8 is compacted with slag. The filter cloth 8 can be compacted by the weight of the slag and the weight of the filling material. There is no need to drill holes in the bottom plate of the tunnel.

[0045] Specifically, the geotextile filter cloth is fixed to the sidewalls and roof of the tunnel, with a fixing hole drilled every 200mm. The filter cloth 8 at the bottom of the tunnel is compacted with slag. The holes for the filter cloth provide support for hanging the geotextile filter cloth. An impact drill is used for construction, with a hole spacing of 200mm, a hole diameter of 16mm, and a depth of 200mm. 14mm diameter expansion bolts are driven into the holes. Holes are pre-made at the edges of the filter cloth 8, and wires are passed through these holes and then hung on the hooks of the expansion bolts, thus tensioning and fixing the entire filter cloth 8 to the tunnel wall. This connection method achieves a reliable connection between the flexible material and the rigid rock mass, ensuring that the filter cloth 8 will not detach or shift under the pressure of the filling material.

[0046] When constructing a reinforced prefabricated filling retaining wall with a back bracing stabilizing frame, after completing steps S1-S3, proceed to step S4 to install the back bracing stabilizing frame. On the tunnel sidewall outside the support frame 9, determine the installation height of the second cross brace 6 and drill a second hole. Insert one end of the second fixing rod 11 into the second hole and fix it in place. Insert the other end of the second fixing rod 11 into the second cross brace 6 to achieve a connection. Subsequently, according to the design angle, connect one end of multiple diagonal braces 5 to the second cross brace 6 using swivel fasteners, and connect the other end to the corresponding vertical brace 3 on the support frame 9. Tighten all the bolts of the swivel fasteners one by one to complete the installation of the back bracing stabilizing frame, thereby significantly improving the stability of the entire retaining wall to cope with high-pressure filling.

[0047] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the mine roadway is a horseshoe-shaped roadway with a width of 4.5m and a height of 5m. There are four vertical supports (3) and four horizontal supports (5), eight diagonal supports (5), and two second horizontal supports (6). Specifically, as follows... Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, all types of horizontal braces, vertical braces 3, diagonal braces 5, and the second horizontal brace 6 use DN40 scaffolding iron pipes. The specific construction process is as follows: Filter cloth drilling construction: At the entrance of the roadway and the mining area, use an impact drill to drill filter cloth holes 1.7 meters into the roadway. The filter cloth holes are 16mm in diameter, 200mm deep, and spaced 200mm apart. The filter cloth holes are evenly distributed on the roof and both sides of the roadway. First drilling construction: At a position about 2m into the tunnel from the port, drill four holes with a diameter of 40mm and a depth of 700mm on each of the left and right rock walls of the tunnel. The drilling is carried out perpendicular to the side rock walls of the tunnel. Drill the first hole 200mm from the bottom plate. The four holes are spaced 800mm apart. A total of eight holes are drilled. Insert round steel into the skeleton drill holes. Second drilling construction: At the entrance of the tunnel, drill 5m into the tunnel. Drill a second hole on each of the left and right rock walls at 600mm and 1400mm from the bottom plate, respectively. The hole diameter is 40mm and the hole depth is 700mm. Drill the holes perpendicular to the rock wall. Drill a total of four second holes. Insert round steel into the second holes. Geotextile filter cloth installation: Nail filter cloth 8 from the middle of the tunnel roof to both sides, leaving a margin, hang filter cloth 8 on the hook of expansion bolt with wire, and press the bottom of filter cloth 8 with slag. Constructing support frame 9: At a position about 2m into the roadway from the port, support frame 9 is composed of four vertical and four horizontal components. The first horizontal support 4 is close to the goaf 7, and the vertical support 3 is far away from the goaf 7. The first horizontal support 4 and the vertical support 3 are connected by right-angle fasteners. Wooden wedges are added between the first horizontal support 4 and the vertical support 3. The two ends of the two vertical supports 3 on the left and right rock walls close to the roadway abut against the round steel located in the first borehole. Wooden wedges are added at the connection between the round steel and the vertical support 3. Anchor bolt 1 installation: According to the tunnel height, multiple sub-anchor bolts are connected by the second connector to form anchor bolt 1. Anchor bolt 1 is tied to the inside of the vertical support 3 with iron wire. Anchor bolt 1 is installed vertically and fixed at a width spacing of 400mm. Anchor mesh 2 installation: Anchor mesh 2 is tied to the inside of anchor rod 1 with iron wire, so that the edge of anchor mesh 2 is closely connected to the roadway outline; Installation of the second cross brace 6: Insert the end of the second cross brace 6 into the round steel located in the second drill hole; Installation of diagonal brace 5: Use swivel couplers to connect one end of diagonal brace 5 to the two vertical braces 3 in the middle, and use swivel couplers to connect one end of diagonal brace 5 to the second horizontal brace 6. Each second horizontal brace 6 is connected to two diagonal braces 5 at one end, for a total of eight diagonal braces 5. After filling and curing are complete: When it is necessary to remove the retaining wall, untie the wire, loosen the swivel fasteners and right-angle fasteners, remove the wooden wedges, collect the construction materials, and keep them for future use.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated filling retaining wall, constructed at the entrances of mine roadways and stopes, characterized in that, include: The support frame (9) includes multiple vertically arranged vertical supports (3) and multiple horizontally arranged first horizontal supports (4). The vertical supports (3) and the first horizontal supports (4) are scaffolding pipes. The vertical supports (3) and the first horizontal supports (4) are detachably fixedly connected by right-angle fasteners. The side wall fixing assembly includes at least four first fixing rods (10), the first fixing rods (10) are arranged horizontally, one end of the first fixing rod (10) abuts against the vertical support (3), and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the tunnel; An anchoring layer is provided on the side of the support frame (9) near the mining area, including multiple vertically arranged anchor rods (1) and an anchor net (2) covering the anchor rods (1). The anchor rods (1) are arranged in parallel with the vertical bracing (3). The anchor rods (1) and the anchor net (2) are detachably fixed to the support frame (9) by a first connector. The filter cloth (8) is placed on the side of the anchoring layer near the mining area, and the edges of the filter cloth (8) are fixed to the side wall, roof and bottom of the roadway respectively.

2. The prefabricated filling retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a back support stabilizing frame, which is set on the side of the support frame (9) away from the mining area. It includes at least two second horizontal supports (6) arranged side by side and multiple diagonal supports (5). The second horizontal supports (6) are arranged parallel to the first horizontal supports (4). The two ends of each diagonal support (5) are detachably fixed to the second horizontal support (6) and the vertical support (3) respectively by rotating fasteners. The two ends of the second horizontal support (6) are fixed to the side wall of the roadway by the second fixing rod (11).

3. The prefabricated filling retaining wall according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the vertical direction, the connection node between the same diagonal brace (5) and the vertical brace (3) is higher than the connection node between the diagonal brace (5) and the second horizontal brace (6).

4. The prefabricated filling retaining wall according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each end of the second horizontal brace (6) is connected to two diagonal braces (5), and the other ends of the two diagonal braces (5) are connected to different height positions of the same vertical brace (3).

5. The prefabricated filling retaining wall according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical support (3), the first horizontal support (4) and / or the second horizontal support (6) include multiple sub-pipes, and the ends of the sub-pipes are detachably and fixedly connected to the ends of adjacent sub-pipes by the swivel fasteners.

6. The prefabricated filling retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, At the intersection of the vertical support (3) and the first horizontal support (4), and / or at the connection between the first fixed rod (10) and the vertical support (3), a wooden wedge is provided.

7. The prefabricated filling retaining wall according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anchor rod (1) is an integral structure; or, the anchor rod (1) includes multiple sub-anchor rods, and the ends of the sub-anchor rods are fixedly connected to the ends of adjacent sub-anchor rods by a second connector.

8. The prefabricated infill retaining wall according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first fixing rod (10) and the second fixing rod (11) comprise round steel, square steel, and threaded steel; and / or, The first connector and the second connector include wire, strap, bolt or pin.

9. A method for constructing a prefabricated infill retaining wall, characterized in that, The method for constructing a prefabricated infill retaining wall as described in any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: S1: Drill holes for fixing the filter cloth are constructed on the side wall and roof of the tunnel, and a first hole is constructed at a predetermined position on the side wall of the tunnel, and a first fixing rod (10) is inserted into the first hole. S2: Fix the edges of the filter cloth (8) to the rock wall, roof and bottom of the tunnel respectively; S3: Connect multiple vertical supports (3) to the first fixed rod (10) that has been inserted into the rock wall, and use a swivel fastener to fix the vertical supports (3) and the first horizontal support (4) to form a support frame (9). Use the first connector to fix the anchor rod (1) and the anchor net (2) to the side of the support frame (9) near the mining area.

10. The method for constructing a prefabricated filling retaining wall according to claim 9, characterized in that, The prefabricated filling retaining wall also includes a back support stabilizing frame. The back support stabilizing frame is set on the side of the support frame (9) away from the mining area. It includes at least two second horizontal supports (6) arranged in parallel and multiple diagonal supports (5). The second horizontal supports (6) are arranged in parallel with the first horizontal supports (4). The two ends of each diagonal support (5) are detachably fixed to the second horizontal support (6) and the vertical support (3) respectively by rotating fasteners. The two ends of the second horizontal support (6) are fixed to the side wall of the roadway by the second fixing rod (11). The prefabricated filling retaining wall construction method also includes: S4: Drill a second hole on the rock wall of the tunnel and insert a second fixing rod (11) into the second hole. Fix both ends of the second horizontal brace (6) to the side rock wall of the tunnel through the second fixing rod (11). Use a swivel fastener to connect one end of the multiple diagonal braces (5) to the second horizontal brace (6) and the other end to the vertical brace (3) to form the back support stabilizing frame.

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