Supercritical fluid normal-temperature heat source heat engine and normal-temperature heat source power generation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a supercritical fluid normal-temperature heat source heat engine and a normal-temperature heat source power generation method, and relates to the related field of new energy heat engines, the supercritical fluid normal-temperature heat source heat engine comprises a medium heat insulation storage tank, a booster pump, a heat pump, a heat pump high-temperature end heat exchanger, a heat pump low-temperature end heat exchanger, an air (water) heat energy exchanger, a heat absorption auxiliary system, an expansion machine, a power generator and the like; power is generated by heat energy in normal-temperature air or water and is converted into electric power; according to the heat absorption type heat engine, the temperature and pressure operation range of the heat engine is boosted by taking the critical temperature and the critical pressure point of a medium or near the critical temperature and the critical pressure point as a starting point, and the heat absorption type heat engine works outwards. The problems of carbon emission, environmental pollution and the like caused by fuel combustion are solved, meanwhile, the dependence on conventional energy is reduced, the production cost is further reduced, and the living space of human beings is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy heat engines, specifically to a supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine and an ambient temperature heat source power generation method. Background Technology

[0002] All conventional heat engines require fuel for propulsion and can be categorized by the state of the medium used: Gas-based engines, such as those using air, are primarily studied in the ideal gas state region, focusing on the relationship between compression ratio, temperature, and thermal efficiency. Operating temperatures range from ambient to 2500℃. Under ideal conditions, thermal efficiency can be expressed as η = ΔT / T. Liquid-based heat engines, such as steam engines using water, are primarily studied in the liquid to supercritical superheated gas region, focusing on latent heat of vaporization, supercritical superheat, and heat recovery and recycling. Operating temperatures range from 0℃ to 700℃, and their thermal efficiency can be expressed as η = ΔQ / Q. Their common working principle involves pressurizing the medium, causing it to heat up and expand. The expansion energy generated by this heating does work, a process that is continuous or cyclical, constantly outputting mechanical or electrical energy. Their main drawbacks are the need for fuel and the greenhouse effect, which harms the human environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engine and an ambient temperature heat source power generation method.

[0004] This invention focuses on the nonlinear region of temperature-volume change in subcritical and supercritical liquids, specifically the non-liquid, non-gas fluid region, with a particular emphasis on abrupt change regions. The aim is to achieve the maximum compressible medium volume change with minimal heat. The theoretical basis and data for this research are almost entirely absent from publicly available information on heat engine research, representing a largely unexplored area. The invention's theoretical focus is on the influence of temperature on medium volume change in the supercritical fluid density abrupt change region, specifically maximizing the ΔV / ΔT value. The goal is to identify the probability and range of Q=E, and the usable range of ΔVη / ΔTη where ΔV / ΔT exceeds the overall thermal efficiency. The temperature range applicable to this invention is near the supercritical temperature Ta, approximately from Ta-20℃ to Ta+100℃, and the pressure range is between subcritical and supercritical pressures.

[0005] Through more than forty years of research on heat engines, the inventor discovered that isobaric deheating to T... o In an isobaric system, when the increase in heat equals the decrease in heat, the increase in heat equals the expansion energy, i.e., Q=E. This is explained as follows: In an ideal isobaric compressible thermodynamic system, assume the mass of the gas medium is 1, the specific heat ratio of the medium is k, and the initial temperature is T. o The initial pressure is P oThe compression ratio is ε, and after compression, the temperature is increased to T1 and the pressure is increased to P1. The work done during compression is W, and the expansion potential energy after compression is E. o The heat value of the medium to T1 is Q. According to the law of conservation of energy, W=E=Q. Using this system as a reference system, there are two ways to establish a new system identical to the reference system. One way is to establish the new system through the gaseous process, maintaining a constant pressure P1 after compression and heating, and cooling the medium temperature in the system from T1 to T. o The reduced heat value is Q, which is equal to the increased heat value Q of the reference system. At this time, the system pressure is P1 and the temperature is T. o Another approach is to establish a new system through a liquid approach, requiring the system pressure to be P1 and the temperature to be T. o The requirement for the liquid medium is that after being pressurized to P1, the vaporization temperature of the liquid medium remains below T. o First, a liquid medium with a mass of 1 is pressurized to P1, and then vaporized and heated to T. o Regardless of which of the above methods is used to establish the new system, the medium in the new system is heated, causing its temperature to rise from T. o When the temperature rises to T1, the amount of heat is Q, which is equal to the amount of heat lost in the new system established by the gaseous approach. After heating, the system's expansion potential energy E returns to the state of the reference system, i.e., Q=E. This discovery provides a theoretical basis for the implementation of the present invention.

[0006] To ensure the operation of the heat engine cycle, the heat engine design workflow is as follows: isentropic fluid medium storage tank → pressurization and compression → heat return and heat absorption expansion → external work → heat release to the isentropic value and return to the storage tank.

[0007] The supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engine of this invention includes a medium-insulated storage tank, a pressurizing pump, a heat pump, a heat exchanger, an air (water) heat exchanger, a heat absorption auxiliary system, an expander, a generator, etc. The heat energy contained in the air (water) exchanges heat with the medium within the system. Functionally, it can be divided into a power system and an isentropic system. Heat transfer between the two systems is linked by the heat pump. In the power system, the outlet of the medium-insulated storage tank is connected to the inlet of the pressurizing pump, and the outlet of the pressurizing pump is connected to the high-temperature heat pump. The heat pump is connected to the heat exchanger at the high-temperature end. The outlet of the heat pump's high-temperature end heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger. The outlet of the air (water) heat exchanger is connected to the air inlet of the expander. The exhaust port of the expander is connected to the isentropic system. The heat absorption auxiliary system is placed above the air (water) heat exchanger. The generator is connected to the output shaft of the expander. In the isentropic system, the heat pump is the core of the system. The heat pump's cold end radiator is connected to the exhaust port of the expander. The heat pump's cold end radiator is connected to the liquid inlet of the medium insulation storage tank.

[0008] Supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engines can be divided into two types: direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engines and indirect-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engines.

[0009] The direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine consists of a power system and an isentropic system. The power system directly absorbs heat from the air or water to perform work. Waste heat is cooled to isentropic levels by a heat pump and then recycled. Heat from the heat pump's hot end enters the high-pressure inlet of the power cycle. Heat transfer between the two systems is facilitated by the heat pump. In the power system, the outlet of the insulated storage tank is connected to the inlet of the pressurized pump, the outlet of the pressurized pump is connected to the high-temperature heat exchanger of the heat pump, the outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger, the outlet of the air (water) heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the expander, and the exhaust port of the expander is connected to the inlet of the isentropic system. The heat absorption auxiliary system is located above the air (water) heat exchanger, and the generator is connected to the output shaft of the expander. In the isentropic system, the heat pump is the core of the system. The inlet of the power system for the heat pump's cold end radiator is connected to the exhaust port of the expander, and the cold end radiator of the heat pump is connected to the inlet of the insulated storage tank.

[0010] An indirect-heating supercritical fluid ambient-temperature heat source heat engine consists of a power system and a heat pump system. The power system absorbs heat from the heat pump to perform work, and waste heat is cooled to isentropic levels by the heat pump and then recycled. The cold end of the heat pump also absorbs heat from the air or water to achieve thermal equilibrium in the heat pump system. In the power system, the outlet of the medium storage tank is connected to the inlet of the pressurization pump, the outlet of the pressurization pump is connected to the inlet of the power loop of the waste heat exchanger, the outlet of the power loop of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the main heater, the outlet of the main heater is connected to the expander, the main shaft of the expander is connected to the generator, the outlet of the expander is connected to the inlet of the return gas loop of the waste heat exchanger, the outlet of the return loop of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the high-entropy inlet of the isentropic heat exchanger, and the low-entropy outlet of the isentropic heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve. The isentropic outlet is connected to the medium storage tank; in the heat pump system, the high-temperature and high-pressure outlet of the heat pump compressor is connected to the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater, the outlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater is connected to the inlet of the heat pump refrigerant tank, the inlet of the temperature control throttle valve is placed in the heat pump refrigerant in the heat pump refrigerant tank, the outlet of the temperature control throttle valve is connected to the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the isentropic heat exchange system and the inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger, respectively, the temperature measuring head of the temperature control throttle valve is set at the front end of the compressor inlet, the outlet of the heat pump circuit of the isentropic heat exchange system is connected to the inlet of the regulating valve, the outlet of the regulating valve and the outlet of the absorber are both connected to the inlet of the compressor, and the air (water) heat exchanger is equipped with a heat absorption auxiliary system to ensure that the air (water) heat exchanger can continuously absorb heat.

[0011] The supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method of the present invention takes the point near the critical temperature and critical pressure of the medium as the starting point of normal working temperature and pressure. Its working process includes: pressurizing the medium to above the supercritical pressure; absorbing the waste heat generated in the previous working cycle to preheat the medium; directly or indirectly absorbing heat from the air or water to further heat the medium, so that the volume of the compressed fluid expands several times compared with the volume after pressurization; the fluid that has expanded several times drives the expander to do work; the waste heat of this cycle is transferred to the second process of the next working cycle by the heat pump; the waste gas is cooled by the heat pump to reach the isentropic value and returned to the medium storage tank, completing one working cycle.

[0012] In the direct-heating supercritical fluid room-temperature heat source power generation method, the theoretical maximum system temperature is no higher than room temperature; in the indirect-heating supercritical fluid room-temperature heat source power generation method, the theoretical maximum system temperature is the heat pump hot-end temperature.

[0013] The direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method consists of two parts: The working method of the power system is as follows: the fluid medium is drawn out from the medium insulation tank by the pressurizing pump and pressurized. Then, it receives heat transferred from the heat pump to the heat exchanger at the high temperature end of the heat pump for initial heating and expansion. Then, it enters the air (water) heat energy exchanger to exchange heat with air or water for further expansion and drives the expander to do work. The generator connected to the expander outputs electricity.

[0014] The working method of the isentropic system is that the heat pump is the core of the system. The inlet of the power circuit of the heat pump cold end radiator is connected to the exhaust port of the expander. The waste heat generated by the power system is transferred from the heat pump cold end radiator to the heat pump and then transferred together with its own heat generation to the heat exchanger at the outlet of the power system pressurization pump. After the fluid entropy value reaches the isentropic requirement, it flows into the medium insulation storage tank and enters the next cycle.

[0015] The indirect supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method consists of two parts: The first part describes the working method of the power system. A pressurizing pump pressurizes the fluid medium drawn from the medium storage tank. The high-pressure, low-temperature medium enters the waste heat exchanger for preliminary heat exchange, transforming into a high-pressure, low-temperature fluid medium. It then flows out from the outlet of the power circuit of the waste heat exchanger and enters the main heater for heat exchange. The fluid medium flowing out from the outlet of the power circuit of the main heater enters the expander and drives the generator to generate electricity. The low-pressure, low-temperature medium flowing out from the expander enters the waste heat exchanger for heat exchange through the air inlet of the waste heat exchanger's return air circuit. The fluid medium flowing out from the outlet of the waste heat exchanger's return liquid circuit enters the isentropic heat exchanger through the high-entropy inlet of the isentropic heat exchanger's return circuit for heat exchange. The fluid medium flowing out from the low-entropy outlet of the isentropic heat exchanger's return circuit flows back to the medium storage tank from the isentropic outlet after passing through the throttle valve. The fluid medium completes one cycle in the power system. The second part describes the operation of the heat pump system. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous heat pump refrigerant flowing from the high-temperature, high-pressure outlet of the heat pump compressor is transformed into low-temperature liquid heat pump refrigerant after heat exchange in the main heater. This liquid refrigerant then flows out from the low-temperature outlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater and enters the heat pump refrigerant storage tank. The temperature sensor of the temperature-controlled throttling valve located at the front end of the heat pump compressor inlet controls the valve to regulate the flow rate of the refrigerant in the storage tank. The liquid refrigerant is transformed into gaseous refrigerant after heat exchange in the isentropic heat exchanger system. This gaseous refrigerant then enters the compressor inlet through the outlet of the isentropic heat exchanger heat pump system and the regulating valve. Simultaneously, the liquid refrigerant is transformed into gaseous refrigerant after heat exchange in the air (water) heat exchanger and enters the compressor inlet, completing one cycle.

[0016] In the direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method, the working method of the power system specifically includes: The first stage is the preparation stage: The first step is to connect the direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engine to an external power source to provide the power required for the ambient temperature heat source generator to start up. The second step is to start the booster pump and set it to high speed, while simultaneously starting the heat pump to maximum pressure. The system is in the startup and operation phase. When the system's power generation exceeds its power consumption, it will automatically switch to self-powered operation. The third step is to adjust the performance parameters of the medium in the medium insulation storage tank to the set value according to the operating conditions of the supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine, start the heat absorption auxiliary system, and restore the speed of the pressurizing pump and the pressure of the heat pump to normal, and the system enters the normal operation stage. Second, the normal working phase: The first step is to pressurize the isentropic fluid medium drawn from the insulated storage tank using a pressurization pump. The second step involves the high-pressure fluid medium undergoing further expansion after passing through the heat exchanger at the high-temperature end of the heat pump and exchanging heat with air or water through the air (water) heat exchanger. The third step involves the high-pressure fluid medium, after being heated and expanded, entering the expander to perform work, and the expander driving the generator to generate electricity. The fourth step is that after the constant expansion machine does work, the exhaust gas enters the cold end heat exchanger of the heat pump. The heat pump, along with its own heat, is transferred to the heat exchanger at the outlet of the power system pressurization pump and enters the power system. After the fluid entropy value reaches the isentropy requirement, it flows into the medium insulation storage tank and enters the next cycle. When shutting down the system, simply disconnect the power to the compressor, the heat absorption auxiliary system, and the booster pump in sequence. The specific working methods of an isentropic system include: The first step is to start the heat pump. The heat pump's low-temperature end heat exchanger transfers the waste heat from the expander's exhaust gas into the heat pump, and transfers the waste heat, along with its own heat generation, to the heat pump's high-temperature end heat exchanger at the outlet of the power system's booster pump, which then transfers it into the power system. The second step involves the cooled waste gas flowing into an insulated storage tank after its entropy value reaches the isentropy requirement, thus entering the next cycle.

[0017] In the interthermal supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method, the working method of the power system specifically includes: The first stage is the preparation stage: The first step is to connect the ambient temperature heat source generator to an external power source to provide the power required for starting the ambient temperature heat source generator; The second step is to start the booster pump, adjust the flow rate of the throttle valve to the maximum, and adjust the pressure of the heat pump compressor to the maximum. The system is in the start-up and operation phase. When the system's power generation exceeds the power consumption, it will automatically switch to self-powered operation. The third step is to adjust the performance parameters of the liquid medium in the medium storage tank to the set value according to the operating conditions of the ambient temperature heat source generator, start the heat absorption auxiliary system, and restore the pressure of the throttle valve and heat pump compressor to normal, and the system enters the normal operation stage. Second, the normal working phase: The first step is that the pressurization pump pressurizes the medium drawn from the medium storage tank and sends it into the inlet of the power circuit of the waste heat exchanger. The medium exchanges heat with the high enthalpy fluid in the return circuit in the waste heat exchanger. The second step is that the high-pressure low-temperature medium becomes a high-pressure high-enthalpy medium after heat exchange and flows out from the outlet of the power circuit of the waste heat exchanger, and enters the main heater from the inlet of the power circuit of the main heater for heat exchange. The third step is that the medium flowing out of the power circuit outlet of the main heater enters the expander and drives the generator to generate electricity; The fourth step involves the low-pressure, high-enthalpy medium flowing out from the expander outlet and entering the waste heat exchanger through the reflux loop inlet for heat exchange, transforming into a low-pressure, low-temperature medium that flows out from the reflux loop outlet of the waste heat exchanger. The fifth step involves the low-pressure, low-temperature medium entering the isentropic heat exchanger from the high-entropy inlet for heat exchange, flowing out from the low-entropy outlet, and then entering the medium storage tank through the isentropic outlet of the throttling valve. This ensures that the specific entropy value of the medium flowing out of the throttling valve is equal to the specific entropy value of the medium in the medium storage tank, thereby achieving the isentropic circulation of the medium. The specific operating methods of a heat pump system include: The first step is to start the heat pump compressor. The gaseous refrigerant flows out from the high-temperature and high-pressure outlet of the heat pump compressor. After exchanging heat with the medium in the power circuit through the main heater, it is transformed into liquid refrigerant and flows out from the outlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater into the refrigerant storage tank. The second step involves the liquid refrigerant in the refrigerant storage tank being transported through a temperature-controlled throttling valve to the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the isentropic heat exchange system and the inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger. The flow rate of the liquid refrigerant is controlled by a temperature sensor located at the front end of the compressor inlet, which controls the opening size of the temperature-controlled throttling valve. The third step involves the liquid refrigerant exchanging heat with the medium in the return loop in the isentropic heat exchanger, transforming into a low-temperature gaseous refrigerant, which flows into the compressor's inlet through the throttling valve. Simultaneously, the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat through the air (water) heat exchanger, transforming into a low-temperature gaseous refrigerant, which then flows into the compressor's inlet, completing one heat exchange cycle for the refrigerant.

[0018] The power system medium of the supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method of the present invention is one of the core components of the system. It should meet the most basic requirement that the temperature remains below the ambient temperature source temperature after supercritical pressurization and heating. The medium of the present invention is below the highest temperature of the system after supercritical pressurization and heating. The available media are as follows: In the direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method, the available media are low-temperature liquid media, such as liquefied air, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquid fluorine, krypton, carbon tetrafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride, etc.; In the indirect-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method, the available media include carbon dioxide, carbonyl fluoride, trifluorochloromethane, diborane, difluoroethylene, hexafluoroethane, liquefied air, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquid fluorine, krypton, carbon tetrafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride, etc.

[0019] This invention uses the heat energy contained in room temperature air or water to replace fuel, solving problems such as carbon emissions and environmental pollution caused by fuel combustion, while reducing dependence on conventional energy sources, further reducing production costs, and expanding human living space. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engine of the present invention; 1—Insulated storage tank for medium; 2—Pressure pump; 3—Heat pump; 4—Heat pump high-temperature end heat exchanger; 5—Heat pump low-temperature end heat exchanger; 6—Air (water) heat exchanger; 7—Heat absorption auxiliary system; 8—Expander; 9—Generator. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the indirect supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine of the present invention; 10 – Generator, 11 – Waste heat exchanger, 12 – Booster pump, 13 – Medium storage tank, 14 – Heat pump refrigerant tank, 15 – Temperature control throttling valve, 16 – Isentropic heat exchanger, 17 – Throttling valve, 18 – Regulating valve, 19 – Heat absorption auxiliary system, 20 – Air (water) heat exchanger, 21 – Heat pump compressor, 22 – Main heater, 23 – Expander; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the temperature, density, and pressure of the air medium in a two-phase gas-liquid mixture. A – Critical pressure line (initial pressure line), B – Pressure boosting line. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The principles and features of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] The embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The invention is described more specifically by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the invention will become clearer from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are primarily in the form of power generation system design icons, with some enlargements and specializations, used only to facilitate drawing and clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention. All icons in the drawings represent a specific product, with classifications and sequences, and national or enterprise standards; selection is sufficient. For example, the booster pump 3 can be a plunger pump, centrifugal pump, vane pump, gear pump, etc., selected to meet pressure and flow rate requirements; the heat pump can be a gas-liquid, gas-gas, or gas-vortex tube type, requiring only an energy efficiency ratio greater than 1; heat exchangers include shell-and-tube, finned, and shaped plate types; expanders can be steam turbines, piston machines, rotor machines, etc.; generators can be DC or AC; the heat absorption auxiliary system primarily uses fans in air and water pumps in water; all motors are speed-adjustable.

[0023] It should be noted that when a component is described as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component present. When a component is considered to be "located" on another component, it can be directly located on the other component or there may be an intervening component present. The terms "high pressure," "low pressure," "high temperature," "low temperature," and similar expressions used herein are for the purpose of illustrating relative values ​​only. All numerical values ​​and calculations in this embodiment are not limiting or exhaustive values, but are merely intended to aid in understanding the invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this embodiment have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this embodiment is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention.

[0025] Combination Figure 1 The following is a detailed description of the direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine and the direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method: The direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine consists of a power system and an isentropic system. The power system directly absorbs heat from the air or water to perform work. Waste heat is cooled to isentropic level by a heat pump and then recycled. Heat from the hot end of the heat pump enters the high-pressure inlet of the power cycle. Heat transfer between the two systems is facilitated by the heat pump. In the power system, the outlet of the insulated storage tank 1 is connected to the inlet of the pressurized pump 2, and the outlet of the pressurized pump 2 is connected to the high-temperature heat exchanger 4 of the heat pump. The outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 4 is connected to... The inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger 6 is connected to the air outlet of the air (water) heat exchanger 6, and the outlet of the air (water) heat exchanger 6 is connected to the air inlet of the expander 8. The exhaust port of the expander 8 is connected to the cold end heat exchanger 5 of the heat pump in the isentropic system. The heat absorption auxiliary system 7 is placed above the air (water) heat exchanger 6, and the generator 9 is connected to the output shaft of the expander 8. In the isentropic system, the heat pump 3 is the core of the system. The cold end heat radiator 5 of the heat pump is connected to the exhaust port of the expander 8, and the cold end heat exchanger 5 of the heat pump is connected to the liquid inlet of the medium insulation storage tank 1.

[0026] The direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method theoretically ensures that the system's highest temperature does not exceed ambient temperature. The selected medium is a cryogenic liquid, such as liquefied air, liquid nitrogen, or liquid oxygen. The normal operating temperature and pressure start point is near the critical temperature and pressure of the medium. The workflow includes: pressurizing the medium to above the supercritical pressure; absorbing waste heat from the previous working cycle to initially heat the medium; directly absorbing heat from air or water to further heat the medium, causing the compressed fluid volume to expand several times compared to the pressurized volume; the expanded fluid driving an expander to perform work; a heat pump transferring the waste heat from this cycle to the second stage of the next working cycle; and finally, the exhaust gas being cooled by the heat pump to reach an isentropic value and returned to the medium storage tank, completing one working cycle.

[0027] The direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method consists of two parts: The first part describes the working method of the power system. The fluid medium is drawn from the medium insulation tank by a pressurizing pump and pressurized. It then receives heat transferred from the heat pump at the high-temperature end of the heat pump for initial heating and expansion. The fluid medium then enters the air (water) heat exchanger to exchange heat with air or water for further expansion and drives the expander to do work. The generator connected to the expander outputs electricity.

[0028] The second part describes the working method of the isentropic system. The heat pump is the core of the system. The heat pump cold end radiator is connected to the exhaust port of the expander. The waste heat generated by the power system is transferred from the heat pump cold end radiator to the heat pump and then, together with its own heat generation, to the heat exchanger at the outlet of the power system pressurization pump. After the fluid entropy value reaches the isentropic requirement, it flows into the medium insulation storage tank and enters the next cycle.

[0029] The specific working methods of a power system include: The first stage is the preparation stage: The first step is to connect the direct-heated supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engine to an external power source to provide the power required for starting the direct-heated ambient temperature heat source generator. The second step is to start the booster pump 2 and set it to high speed, and at the same time start the heat pump 3 to the maximum pressure. The system is in the startup and operation phase. When the system's power generation is greater than its power consumption, it will automatically switch to self-powered operation. The third step involves adjusting the performance parameters of the liquid medium in the medium insulation storage tank 1 to the set value according to the operating conditions of the supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine, starting the heat absorption auxiliary system 7, restoring the speed of the pressurization pump 2 and the pressure of the heat pump 3 to normal, and the system enters the normal operation stage.

[0030] Second, the normal working phase: The first step is to pressurize the isentropic fluid medium drawn from the medium insulation tank 1 by the pressurization pump 2. In the second step, the high-pressure fluid medium, after passing through the high-temperature end heat exchanger of the heat pump 3, undergoes further heat exchange with the air (water) heat energy exchanger 6 and the air or water to expand further. The third step is that the high-pressure fluid medium that has completed heating and expansion enters the expander 8 to do work, and the expander 8 drives the generator 9 to generate electricity. In the fourth step, after the expander 8 performs its work, the exhaust gas enters the low-temperature end heat exchanger 5 of the heat pump. The gas is then transferred from the low-temperature end heat exchanger 5 to the heat pump 3, and then, along with its own heat, to the high-temperature end heat exchanger 4 of the heat pump at the outlet of the power system pressurization pump 2. After the fluid entropy value reaches the isentropic requirement, it flows into the medium insulation storage tank 1 and enters the next cycle.

[0031] When shutting down the system, simply disconnect the power supply to heat pump 3, heat absorption auxiliary system 7, and pressurization pump 2 in sequence. The specific working methods of an isentropic system include: The first step is to start the heat pump 3. The heat pump low-temperature end heat exchanger 5 exchanges the waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the expander 8 into the heat pump 3, and transfers the waste heat along with its own heat generation to the heat pump high-temperature end heat exchanger 4 at the outlet of the power system pressurization pump 2 and into the power system. The second step involves the cooled waste gas flowing into the medium insulation storage tank 1 after the entropy value reaches the isentropy requirement, thus entering the next cycle.

[0032] The specific operating methods of a heat pump system include: The first step is to start heat pump 3. Gaseous refrigerant flows out from the high temperature and high pressure outlet of heat pump 3 and flows in into the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater. After exchanging heat with the medium in the power circuit, it is transformed into liquid refrigerant and flows out from the outlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater into the refrigerant storage tank. The second step involves the liquid refrigerant in the refrigerant storage tank being transported through the expansion valve to the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the isentropic heat exchange system and the inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger. The flow rate of the liquid refrigerant is controlled by the temperature sensor located at the front end of the compressor inlet to control the opening size of the expansion valve. The third step involves the refrigerant exchanging heat with the medium in the return loop in the isentropic heat exchanger, transforming it into a low-temperature refrigerant. This refrigerant then flows into the compressor's inlet through the expansion valve. Simultaneously, the refrigerant absorbs heat through the air (water) heat exchanger, transforming into a low-temperature gaseous refrigerant, which then flows into the compressor's inlet, completing one heat exchange cycle for the refrigerant.

[0033] Combination Figure 2 The following is a detailed description of the indirect supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine and the indirect supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method: The indirect-heating supercritical fluid ambient-temperature heat source heat engine consists of a power system and a heat pump system. The power system absorbs heat from the heat pump to perform work, and waste heat is cooled to isentropic level by the heat pump and then recycled. The cold end of the heat pump also absorbs heat from the air or water to achieve thermal balance in the heat pump system. In the power system, the outlet of the medium storage tank 13 is connected to the inlet of the pressurization pump 12, the outlet of the pressurization pump 12 is connected to the inlet of the power circuit of the waste heat exchanger 11, the outlet of the power circuit of the waste heat exchanger 11 is connected to the inlet of the main heater 22, the outlet of the main heater 22 is connected to the expander 23, the main shaft of the expander 23 is connected to the generator 10, the outlet of the expander 23 is connected to the inlet of the return gas circuit of the waste heat exchanger 11, the outlet of the return circuit of the waste heat exchanger 11 is connected to the high-entropy inlet of the isentropic heat exchanger 16, the low-entropy outlet of the isentropic heat exchanger 16 is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve 17, and the isentropic outlet of the throttle valve 17 is connected to the isentropic... The outlet is connected to the medium storage tank 13; in the heat pump system, the high-temperature and high-pressure outlet of the heat pump compressor 21 is connected to the inlet of the main heater 22, the outlet of the main heater 22 is connected to the liquid inlet of the heat pump refrigerant tank 14, the liquid inlet of the temperature control valve 15 is placed in the heat pump refrigerant in the heat pump refrigerant tank 14, and the liquid outlet of the temperature control valve 15 is connected to the liquid inlet of the heat pump circuit of the isentropic heat exchanger 16 and the liquid inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger 20, respectively. The temperature sensor of the temperature control valve 15 is located at the front end of the air inlet of the heat pump compressor 21. The air outlet of the heat pump circuit of the isentropic heat exchanger 16 is connected to the air inlet of the throttle valve 17. The air outlet of the throttle valve 17 and the air outlet of the air (water) heat exchanger 20 are both connected to the air inlet of the heat pump compressor 21. The air (water) heat exchanger 20 is equipped with a heat absorption auxiliary system 19 to ensure that the air (water) heat exchanger 20 can continuously absorb heat.

[0034] The indirect-heating supercritical fluid ambient-temperature heat source power generation method theoretically has a maximum system temperature equal to the heat pump's hot-end temperature. The selected medium is carbon dioxide, carbonyl fluoride, or trifluorochloromethane. The normal operating temperature and pressure start point is near the critical temperature and pressure of the medium. The workflow includes: pressurizing the medium to above the supercritical pressure; absorbing waste heat from the previous working cycle to initially heat the medium; indirectly absorbing heat from air or water to further heat the medium, causing the compressed fluid volume to expand several times compared to the pressurized volume; the expanded fluid driving an expander to perform work; the heat pump transferring the waste heat from this cycle to the second stage of the next working cycle; and finally, the exhaust gas being cooled by the heat pump to reach an isentropic value and returned to the medium storage tank, completing one working cycle.

[0035] The indirect supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method consists of two parts: The first part describes the operation of the power system. A pressurizing pump 12 draws fluid from the medium storage tank 13 and pressurizes it. The high-pressure, low-temperature medium enters the waste heat exchanger 11 for initial heat exchange, transforming into a high-pressure, low-temperature fluid medium. It then flows out of the power circuit outlet of the waste heat exchanger 11 and into the main heater 22 for heat exchange. The fluid medium flowing out of the power circuit outlet of the main heater 22 enters the expander 23, which drives the generator 10 to generate electricity. The low-pressure, low-temperature medium flowing out of the expander 23 enters the waste heat exchanger 11 through the air inlet of the waste heat exchanger 11's return air circuit for heat exchange. The fluid medium flowing out of the waste heat exchanger 11's return liquid circuit outlet enters the isentropic heat exchanger 16 through the high-entropy inlet of the isentropic heat exchanger 16's return circuit for heat exchange. The fluid medium flowing out of the low-entropy outlet of the isentropic heat exchanger 16's return circuit flows back to the medium storage tank 13 after passing through the throttle valve 17. The fluid medium completes one cycle in the power system. The second part describes the operation of the heat pump system. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous heat pump refrigerant flowing out from the high-temperature, high-pressure outlet of the heat pump compressor 21 is transformed into low-temperature liquid refrigerant after heat exchange with the main heater 22. It then flows out from the low-temperature liquid outlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater 22 and enters the heat pump refrigerant tank 14. The temperature sensor of the temperature control valve 15, located at the front end of the inlet of the heat pump compressor 21, controls the temperature control valve to regulate the flow rate of the refrigerant in the refrigerant tank 14. After heat exchange with the isentropic heat exchanger 16, the liquid refrigerant is transformed into gaseous refrigerant. It then enters the inlet of the heat pump compressor 21 through the low-entropy outlet of the isentropic heat exchanger 16 and the regulating valve 18. At the same time, the liquid refrigerant is transformed into gaseous refrigerant after heat exchange with the air (water) heat exchanger 20 and enters the inlet of the heat pump compressor 21, completing one cycle.

[0036] The specific working methods of a power system include: The first stage is the preparation stage: The first step is to connect the indirect-heating ambient-temperature heat source generator to an external power source to provide the power required for starting the indirect-heating ambient-temperature heat source generator; The second step is to start the booster pump 12, adjust the flow rate of the throttle valve 17 to the maximum, and adjust the pressure of the heat pump compressor 21 to the maximum. The system is in the start-up and operation stage. When the system's power generation is greater than the power consumption, it will automatically switch to self-powered operation. The third step is to adjust the performance parameters of the liquid medium in the medium insulation storage tank 13 to the set value according to the operating conditions of the indirect heat source generator, start the heat absorption auxiliary system 19, and restore the pressure of the throttle valve 17 and the heat pump compressor 21 to normal, and the system enters the normal operation stage. Second, the normal working phase: In the first step, the pressurizing pump 12 pressurizes the medium drawn from the medium storage tank 13 and sends it into the inlet of the power circuit of the waste heat exchanger 11. The medium exchanges heat with the high enthalpy fluid of the return circuit in the waste heat exchanger 11. In the second step, the high-pressure low-temperature medium becomes a high-pressure high-enthalpy medium after heat exchange and flows out from the outlet of the power circuit of the waste heat heat exchanger 11, and enters the main heater 22 from the inlet of the power circuit of the main heater 22 for heat exchange. The third step is that the medium flowing out of the power circuit outlet of the main heater 22 enters the expander 23, which drives the expander 23 to drive the generator set 10 to generate electricity. In the fourth step, the low-pressure, high-enthalpy medium flows out from the outlet of the expander 23 and enters the waste heat exchanger 11 through the inlet of the reflux loop to exchange heat, transforming into a low-pressure, low-temperature medium that flows out from the outlet of the reflux loop of the waste heat exchanger 11. Fifth, the low-pressure, low-temperature medium enters the isentropic heat exchanger 16 from the high-entropy inlet for heat exchange, flows out from the low-entropy outlet of the isentropic heat exchanger 16, and then enters the medium storage tank 13 through the throttle valve, so that the specific entropy value of the medium flowing out from the throttle valve is equal to the specific entropy value of the medium in the medium storage tank 13, thereby realizing the isentropic circulation of the medium. The specific operating methods of a heat pump system include: The first step is to start the heat pump compressor 21. The gaseous refrigerant flows out from the high temperature and high pressure outlet of the heat pump compressor 21 and flows in from the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater 22. After exchanging heat with the medium in the power circuit, it is transformed into liquid refrigerant and flows out from the outlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater 22 and enters the heat pump refrigerant tank 14. In the second step, the liquid refrigerant in the heat pump refrigerant storage tank 14 is transported to the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the isentropic heat exchanger 16 and the inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger 20 through the temperature control valve 15. The flow rate of the liquid refrigerant is controlled by the temperature sensor located at the inlet of the heat pump compressor 21 to control the opening size of the temperature control valve 15. In the third step, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the medium in the return loop in the isentropic heat exchanger 16, becoming a low-temperature refrigerant, which flows into the compressor inlet through the regulating valve 18. At the same time, the refrigerant absorbs heat through the air (water) heat exchanger 20 and is transformed into a low-temperature gaseous refrigerant, which flows into the compressor inlet, completing one heat exchange cycle of the refrigerant. The heat absorption auxiliary system 19 ensures that the air (water) heat exchanger 20 continuously absorbs heat.

[0037] Combination Figure 3 The working area of ​​the medium of the present invention is described in detail below: The explanation will use liquid air as the medium. Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the change in medium density during the process of liquid air obtaining an isobaric underheating system via a liquid pathway. Figure 3 The intermediate region between the linear equation region of the liquid density line and the linear equation region of the gas density line is the medium gas density line of the multivariate equation curve. The fluid referred to in this invention is the liquid or gas located in this region. Figure 3 In the figure, A represents the initial pressure line of the liquid medium, and B represents the pressurization line of the liquid medium. Under critical pressure, during the vaporization process of the liquid medium upon heating, the medium density continuously decreases with increasing temperature, as shown by line B in the figure. The medium density curve gradually transitions from the linear equation region of the liquid to the multivariate equation region, and then to the linear equation region of the gas. The middle part of the curve exhibits both liquid and gas characteristics and is collectively referred to as the fluid region. In the fluid region, further pressurization of the fluid can achieve a sub-compressible state. After pressurizing the fluid with a critical pressure (or subcritical pressure) of P0 and a temperature of T0 to P1, assuming that the medium flow rate and Cp are both 1, the temperature rises to T1. T1 absorbs external heat and rises to T2. If the heat absorbed by the system is equal to the heat lost and the expander efficiency is 1, the pressure drops from P1 to P0 after expansion. Then, T2 minus T4 equals the work done externally. Since the efficiency of the pressurizer and expander is less than 1, the actual external output work is T2 minus T3, and the heat retention in the system is T3 minus T4.

[0038] The following is a detailed description of this embodiment in conjunction with the technical parameters.

[0039] Working principle and operation method of direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine: The first stage is the preparation stage: The first step is to connect the direct-heated supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engine to an external power source to provide the power required for starting the direct-heated ambient temperature heat source generator. The second step is to start the booster pump 2. The power consumption of the booster pump 2 is about 18kw / kg. The pressure difference of the heat pump 3 is adjusted to the maximum. The system is in the start-up and operation stage. When the system's power generation is greater than the power consumption, it will automatically switch to self-powered operation. The third step is to adjust the technical parameters of the liquid medium in the medium insulation storage tank. If the liquid medium is liquid air, cool it to about -143℃ and the pressure is 3.77 MPa. Adjust the circulation rate of the pressurization pump 2 to 1 kg / s and the pressure to 10 MPa. Start the heat absorption auxiliary system 7. The power density of the heat absorption auxiliary system 7 is about 0.2 kW / kg. The system enters the normal operation stage.

[0040] Second, the normal working phase: In the first step, the pressurized air drawn from the insulated storage tank 1 by the pressurization pump 2 is pressurized to 10 MPa and the temperature rises to about -125°C. After passing through the heat pump high-temperature end heat exchanger 4, it exchanges heat with 18.3 kJ / kg, and the air (water) heat energy exchanger 6 further heats it to about -95°C, absorbing about 11.7 kJ / kg of heat. The total heat absorbed is about 30 kJ / kg. In the second step, the high-pressure, high-temperature fluid air enters the expander 8 and drives the generator set 9 to generate electricity. The combined conversion efficiency of the expander 8 and the generator 9 is set to 80%, which can generate about 38.4 kJ / kg of electrical energy. Thirdly, the exhaust gas flows out from the outlet of the expander generator set 14, containing approximately 9.6 kJ / kg of waste heat. It enters the isentropic heat exchange system to remove the remaining 9.6 kJ / kg of waste heat before entering the next cycle. Assuming a heat pump efficiency ratio of 1.1 and a power consumption of 8.7 kJ / kg, the total heat transferred to the internal system is 18.3 kJ / kg. The output heat to the external system is approximately 11.7 kJ / kg. Subtracting the power density of the heat absorption auxiliary system 7 (approximately 0.2 kW / kg), the output heat to the external system is approximately 11.5 kJ / kg.

[0041] When shutting down the system, simply disconnect the power supply to the heat pump 3 compressor, the heat absorption auxiliary system 7, and the booster pump 2.

[0042] Working principle and operation method of indirect supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine: The first stage is the preparation stage: The first step is to connect the indirect supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engine to an external power source to provide the power required for the indirect ambient temperature heat source generator to start up. The second step is to start the booster pump 12. The power consumption of the booster pump 12 is about 25kw / kg. The pressure difference of the heat pump compressor 21 is adjusted to the maximum. The system is in the start-up and operation stage. When the system's power generation is greater than the power consumption, it will automatically switch to self-powered operation. The third step is to adjust the technical parameters of the liquid medium in the storage tank. If the liquid medium is liquid carbon dioxide, adjust it to about 30°C and 7.38 MPa. Adjust the circulation rate of the booster pump 2 to 1 kg / s and the pressure to 20 MPa. Start the heat absorption auxiliary system 19. The power density of the heat absorption auxiliary system 19 is about 0.2 kW / kg. The system enters the normal operation stage.

[0043] Second, the normal working phase: In the first step, the pressurization pump 12 draws liquid carbon dioxide from the storage tank, pressurizes it to 20 MPa, and raises the temperature to about 60°C. After passing through the waste heat exchanger 11 and the main heater 22, a total of 43 kJ / kg of heat is exchanged, and the temperature is raised to about 110°C. In the second step, high-pressure, high-temperature carbon dioxide enters the expander 23, which drives the generator 10 to generate electricity. The comprehensive conversion efficiency of the expander 23 and generator 10 is set to 80%, which can generate about 56 kJ / kg of electrical energy. In the third step, the exhaust gas flows out from the outlet of the expander 23, containing about 14 kJ / kg of waste heat. Assuming the heat pump efficiency ratio is 2 and the heat pump consumes 7 kJ / kg of electricity, a total of 21 kJ / kg of heat is transferred to the power system. The output of 10 kJ / kg outside the system is approximately 9.8 kJ / kg after deducting the power density of the heat absorption auxiliary system 19, which generates heat outside the system, which is about 0.2 kW / kg.

[0044] When shutting down the system, simply disconnect the power supply to the heat pump compressor 21, the heat absorption auxiliary system 19, and the booster pump 12.

[0045] The embodiments disclosed above enable those skilled in the art to implement or use the invention for their intended purposes. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to these embodiments, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine, characterized in that... It contains insulated storage tanks containing the medium, pressurization pumps, heat pumps, heat exchangers, air (water) heat exchangers, heat absorption auxiliary systems, expanders, generators, etc., in which the heat energy contained in the air (water) is exchanged with the medium in the system; supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engines can be divided into two types: direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engines and indirect-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engines.

2. The supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engine according to claim 1, characterized in that... The direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine consists of a power system and an isentropic system. The power system directly absorbs heat from the air or water to perform work, and the waste heat is cooled to an isentropic value by a heat pump and then recycled. The heat from the hot end of the heat pump enters the high-pressure inlet of the power cycle, and the heat transfer between the two systems is linked by the heat pump. In the power system, the outlet of the medium-insulated storage tank is connected to the inlet of the pressurizing pump, the outlet of the pressurizing pump is connected to the high-temperature end heat exchanger of the heat pump, the outlet of the high-temperature end heat exchanger of the heat pump is connected to the inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger, the outlet of the air (water) heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the expander, and the exhaust port of the expander is connected to the isentropic system. The heat absorption auxiliary system is located above the air (water) heat exchanger, and the generator is connected to the output shaft of the expander. In the isentropic system, the heat pump is the core of the system, the cold end radiator of the heat pump is connected to the exhaust port of the expander, and the cold end radiator of the heat pump is connected to the inlet of the medium-insulated storage tank.

3. A supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engine according to claim 1, characterized in that... An indirect-heat supercritical fluid ambient-temperature heat source heat engine consists of a power system and a heat pump system. The power system absorbs heat from the heat pump to perform work. Waste heat and the medium containing waste heat are cooled to isentropic levels by the heat pump and then recycled. The cold end of the heat pump also absorbs heat from the air or water to achieve thermal equilibrium in the heat pump system. In the power system, the outlet of the medium storage tank is connected to the inlet of the pressurization pump, the outlet of the pressurization pump is connected to the inlet of the power loop of the waste heat exchanger, the outlet of the power loop of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the main heater, the outlet of the main heater is connected to the expander, the main shaft of the expander is connected to the generator, the outlet of the expander is connected to the inlet of the return gas loop of the waste heat exchanger, the outlet of the return loop of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the high-entropy inlet of the isentropic heat exchanger, and the low-entropy outlet of the isentropic heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the pressure reducing valve. The isentropic outlet of the pressure reducing valve is connected to the medium storage tank. In the heat pump system, the high-temperature and high-pressure outlet of the heat pump compressor is connected to the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater. The outlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater is connected to the inlet of the heat pump refrigerant tank. The inlet of the temperature-controlled throttle valve is placed inside the heat pump refrigerant in the heat pump refrigerant tank. The outlet of the temperature-controlled throttle valve is connected to the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the isentropic heat exchange system and the inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger. The temperature measuring head of the temperature-controlled throttle valve is set at the front end of the compressor inlet. The outlet of the heat pump circuit of the isentropic heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the regulating valve. The outlet of the regulating valve and the outlet of the heat absorber are both connected to the inlet of the compressor. The air (water) heat exchanger is equipped with a heat absorption auxiliary system to ensure that the air (water) heat exchanger can continuously absorb heat.

4. A method for generating electricity using a supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source, characterized in that... The normal operating temperature and pressure start point is near the critical temperature and critical pressure of the medium. The working process includes: pressurizing the medium to above the supercritical pressure; absorbing the waste heat generated in the previous working cycle to preheat the medium; directly or indirectly absorbing heat from the air or water to further heat the medium, causing the compressed fluid volume to expand several times compared to the pressurized volume; the expanded fluid drives the expander to do work; the heat pump transfers the waste heat of this cycle to the next working cycle; the exhaust gas is cooled by the heat pump to reach the isentropic value and returned to the medium storage tank, completing one working cycle.

5. A method for generating electricity using a supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source according to claim 4, characterized in that... In the direct-heating supercritical fluid room-temperature heat source power generation method, the theoretical maximum system temperature is no higher than room temperature; in the indirect-heating supercritical fluid room-temperature heat source power generation method, the theoretical maximum system temperature is the heat pump hot-end temperature.

6. The method for generating electricity using a supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source according to claim 5, characterized in that... The direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method consists of two parts: The first part describes the operation of the power system. A pressurized pump draws fluid from the insulated storage tank, pressurizes it, and then allows it to undergo initial expansion by receiving heat transferred from the heat pump at its high-temperature end. The fluid then enters an air (water) heat exchanger for further expansion, driving an expander to perform work. A generator connected to the expander outputs electricity. The second part describes the operation of the isentropic system. The heat pump is the core of the system. The heat pump's cold-end radiator is connected to the expander's exhaust port. Waste heat generated by the power system is transferred from the heat pump's cold-end radiator to the heat pump, along with the expander's own heat, and then to the heat exchanger at the power system's pressurized pump outlet. After cooling and reaching the isentropic requirement, the fluid flows into the insulated storage tank, entering the next cycle.

7. A method for generating electricity using a supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source according to claim 5, characterized in that... The indirect supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method consists of two parts: The first part describes the working method of the power system. A pressurizing pump pressurizes the fluid medium drawn from the medium storage tank. The high-pressure, low-temperature medium enters the waste heat exchanger for preliminary heat exchange, transforming into a high-pressure, low-temperature fluid medium. It then flows out of the power circuit outlet of the waste heat exchanger and enters the main heater for heat exchange. The fluid medium flowing out of the power circuit outlet of the main heater enters the expander and drives the generator to generate electricity. The low-pressure, low-temperature medium flowing out of the expander enters the waste heat exchanger through the air inlet of the waste heat exchanger's return air circuit for heat exchange. The fluid medium flowing out of the waste heat exchanger's return liquid circuit outlet enters the isentropic heat exchanger through the high-entropy inlet of the isentropic heat exchanger's return circuit for heat exchange. The fluid medium flowing out of the low-entropy outlet of the isentropic heat exchanger's return circuit passes through the throttle valve and flows back to the medium storage tank through the isentropic outlet. The fluid medium completes one cycle in the power system. The second part describes the operation of the heat pump system. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous heat pump refrigerant flowing from the high-temperature, high-pressure outlet of the heat pump compressor is transformed into low-temperature liquid heat pump refrigerant after heat exchange with the main heater. This liquid refrigerant then flows out from the low-temperature outlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater and enters the heat pump refrigerant storage tank. The temperature sensor of the temperature-controlled throttling valve, located at the front end of the heat pump compressor inlet, controls the valve to regulate the flow rate of the refrigerant in the storage tank. The liquid refrigerant is transformed into gaseous refrigerant after heat exchange with the isentropic heat exchanger system. It then passes through the isentropic heat exchanger system outlet and a regulating valve before entering the compressor inlet. Simultaneously, the liquid refrigerant is transformed into gaseous refrigerant after heat exchange with the air (water) heat exchanger and enters the heat pump compressor inlet, completing one cycle.

8. A method for generating electricity using a supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source according to claim 6, characterized in that... In the direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method The specific working methods of a power system include: The first stage is the preparation stage: The first step is to connect the supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source engine to an external power source to provide the power required for the ambient temperature heat source generator to start up; The second step is to start the booster pump and set it to high speed, while simultaneously starting the heat pump to maximum pressure. The system is in the startup and operation phase. When the system's power generation exceeds its power consumption, it will automatically switch to self-powered operation. The third step is to adjust the performance parameters of the liquid medium in the medium insulation tank to the set value according to the operating conditions of the supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source heat engine, start the heat absorption auxiliary system, and restore the speed of the pressurizing pump and the pressure of the heat pump to normal, and the system enters the normal operation stage. Second, the normal working phase: The first step is to pressurize the isentropic fluid medium drawn from the insulated storage tank using a pressurization pump. The second step involves the high-pressure fluid medium undergoing further expansion after passing through the heat exchanger at the high-temperature end of the heat pump and exchanging heat with air or water through the air (water) heat exchanger. The third step involves the high-pressure fluid medium, after being heated and expanded, entering the expander to perform work, and the expander driving the generator to generate electricity. The fourth step is that after the constant expansion machine does work, the exhaust gas enters the cold end heat exchanger of the heat pump. The heat pump, along with its own heat, is transferred to the heat exchanger at the outlet of the power system pressurization pump and enters the power system. After the fluid entropy value reaches the isentropy requirement, it flows into the medium insulation storage tank and enters the next cycle. When shutting down the system, simply disconnect the power to the compressor, the heat absorption auxiliary system, and the booster pump in sequence. The specific working methods of an isentropic system include: The first step is to start the heat pump. The heat pump's low-temperature end heat exchanger transfers the waste heat from the expander into the heat pump, and transfers the waste heat, along with its own heat generation, to the heat pump's high-temperature end heat exchanger at the outlet of the power system's booster pump, which then transfers it into the power system. The second step involves the cooled waste gas flowing into an insulated storage tank after its entropy value reaches the isentropy requirement, thus entering the next cycle.

9. A method for generating electricity using a supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source according to claim 7, characterized in that... In the interthermal supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source power generation method The specific working methods of a power system include: The first stage is the preparation stage: The first step is to connect the ambient temperature heat source generator to an external power source to provide the power required for starting the ambient temperature heat source generator; The second step is to start the booster pump, adjust the flow rate of the throttle valve to the maximum, and adjust the pressure of the heat pump compressor to the maximum. The system is in the start-up and operation phase. When the system's power generation exceeds the power consumption, it will automatically switch to self-powered operation. The third step is to adjust the performance parameters of the liquid medium in the medium storage tank to the set value according to the operating conditions of the ambient temperature heat source generator, start the heat absorption auxiliary system, and restore the pressure of the throttling valve and heat pump compressor to normal, and the system enters the normal operation stage. Second, the normal working phase: The first step is that the pressurization pump pressurizes the medium drawn from the medium storage tank and sends it into the inlet of the power circuit of the waste heat exchanger. The medium exchanges heat with the high enthalpy fluid in the return circuit in the waste heat exchanger. The second step is that the high-pressure low-temperature medium becomes a high-pressure high-enthalpy medium after heat exchange and flows out from the outlet of the power circuit of the waste heat heat exchanger, and enters the main heater from the inlet of the power circuit of the main heater for heat exchange. The third step is that the medium flowing out of the power circuit outlet of the main heater enters the expander and drives the generator to generate electricity; The fourth step involves the low-pressure, high-enthalpy medium flowing out from the expander outlet and entering the waste heat exchanger through the reflux loop inlet to exchange heat, transforming into a low-pressure, low-temperature medium that flows out from the reflux loop outlet of the waste heat exchanger. The fifth step involves the low-pressure, low-temperature medium entering the isentropic heat exchanger from the high-entropy inlet for heat exchange, flowing out from the low-entropy outlet, and then entering the medium storage tank through the isentropic outlet of the throttling valve. This ensures that the specific entropy value of the medium flowing out of the throttling valve is equal to the specific entropy value of the medium in the medium storage tank, thereby achieving the isentropic circulation of the medium. The specific operating methods of a heat pump system include: The first step is to start the heat pump compressor. The gaseous refrigerant flows out from the high-temperature and high-pressure outlet of the heat pump compressor. After exchanging heat with the medium in the power circuit through the main heater, it becomes liquid refrigerant and flows out from the outlet of the heat pump circuit of the main heater into the refrigerant storage tank. The second step involves the liquid refrigerant in the refrigerant storage tank being transported through a temperature-controlled throttling valve to the inlet of the heat pump circuit of the isentropic heat exchange system and the inlet of the air (water) heat exchanger. The flow rate of the liquid refrigerant is controlled by a temperature sensor located at the front end of the compressor inlet, which controls the opening size of the temperature-controlled throttling valve. The third step involves the liquid refrigerant exchanging heat with the medium in the return loop in the isentropic heat exchanger, transforming into a low-temperature gaseous refrigerant, which flows into the compressor's inlet through the regulating valve. Simultaneously, the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat through the air (water) heat exchanger and transforms into a low-temperature gaseous refrigerant, which then flows into the compressor's inlet, completing one heat exchange cycle for the refrigerant.

10. The method for generating electricity using a supercritical fluid ambient temperature heat source according to claim 4, characterized in that... Even after supercritical pressurization and heating, the medium in the power system remains below the theoretical maximum temperature of the system. The available media are as follows: In the direct-heating supercritical fluid ambient heat source power generation method, the available media are cryogenic liquid media, such as liquefied air, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquid fluorine, krypton, carbon tetrafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride; In the indirect-heating supercritical fluid ambient heat source power generation method, the available media include carbon dioxide, carbonyl fluoride, chlorotrifluoromethane, diborane, difluoroethylene, hexafluoroethane, liquefied air, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquid fluorine, krypton, carbon tetrafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride.

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