Multi-stage refined antimony ore smelting device and smelting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of antimony ore processing, and particularly relates to a multi-stage refined antimony ore smelting device and method.The multi-stage refined antimony ore smelting device comprises a frame, a supporting frame is fixed in the frame, a smelting furnace is rotationally connected into the supporting frame, an inner container is arranged in the smelting furnace, a heater is arranged outside the inner container, and a sealing cover is arranged at the top end of the smelting furnace; air cylinders are installed on the two sides of the supporting frame, a vacuum pump is installed at the top end of the frame, an air inlet pipe of the vacuum pump communicates with external air supply equipment, a plurality of charging boxes are arranged on one side of the vacuum pump, and a rotating pipe is rotationally connected into the sealing cover; by arranging the multiple charging boxes, flux and reducing agents in different smelting steps can be stored respectively, high-speed airflow is blown out through the vacuum pump to drive the flux or the reducing agents in the charging boxes to be blown into the inner container, the temperature is changed in cooperation with the heater, and therefore smelting of different steps can be conducted in the inner container; therefore, heat loss caused by furnace body replacement is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antimony ore processing technology, specifically a multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting device and smelting method. Background Technology

[0002] Antimony is a silvery-white, lustrous gray metal with a melting point of 630.74℃ and a boiling point of 1750℃. It is used in flame-retardant materials, alloy materials, and semiconductor materials. Antimony is mined by excavating antimony ore, screening out concentrates, and then extracting the antimony component from the ore through smelting by utilizing the properties of its melting and boiling points.

[0003] In current antimony ore smelting processes, the concentrate is first screened and then crushed into powder. This powdering makes the antimony ore easier to mix with the flux. During smelting, the antimony ore powder is fed into the smelting equipment, which includes multiple components such as a smelting furnace, an oxidation furnace, and a reduction furnace. In operation, the antimony ore powder is first placed into the smelting furnace, followed by the flux, and then the mixture is heated. Once heated to a certain temperature, a reaction occurs between the ore and the flux, producing slag. This slag is then removed and sequentially fed into the oxidation and reduction furnaces for further reaction. The oxidation furnace oxidizes oxidizable substances within the slag, reducing impurities. The reduction furnace mixes the oxidized slag with a reducing agent and continues heating to further oxidize the slag, increasing the purity of the antimony. The reduced slag is then further purified using refining equipment. This process of repeated impurity removal extracts the antimony from the antimony ore.

[0004] Current smelting equipment uses different furnaces to smelt antimony ore in stages. However, the differences between the multiple steps are small, with only the smelting temperature and the addition of flux and reducing agent being different. When the slag after the reaction is taken out from one furnace and put into another furnace, a lot of temperature is lost from the furnace and the slag. This means that it needs to be reheated to a high temperature in the subsequent smelting process, which wastes the energy consumption of smelting.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus and smelting method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: A multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting device according to this invention includes a frame, a support frame fixed inside the frame, a smelting furnace rotatably connected inside the support frame, an inner liner inside the smelting furnace, a heater outside the inner liner, a sealing cover at the top of the smelting furnace, a connecting plate fixed to the top of the sealing cover, cylinders installed on both sides of the support frame, the output shaft ends of the cylinders fixedly connected to the connecting plates, a vacuum pump installed at the top of the frame, and the air inlet pipe of the vacuum pump supplying air externally. The equipment is connected. Multiple material boxes are provided on one side of the vacuum pump. A rotating tube is rotatably connected inside the sealing cover. An output tube is provided on one side of the top of the sealing cover. An outer shell is fixed to the outside of the output tube. A spiral tube is provided inside the outer shell. The spiral tube is wound around the outside. A hot water tank is provided on one side inside the smelting furnace 2. Two transmission tubes are provided at the top of the hot water tank. A first pair of connecting pipes is fixed on one side of the smelting furnace 2. The top of the transmission tube is placed inside the first pair of connecting pipes. A second pair of connecting pipes is provided at the bottom of the outer shell that can be inserted into the first pair of connecting pipes. The vacuum pump delivers external gas to the rotating tube, while the negative pressure generated by the gas flow draws the raw materials inside the loading box into the rotating tube. The rotating tube then sprays the gas and raw materials into the inner liner.

[0008] Preferably, the end of the output pipe of the vacuum pump is connected to an insertion pipe, the bottom end of the insertion pipe is inserted into the inside of the rotating pipe, and a feed pipe is fixed on one side of the insertion pipe, which can be connected to the bottom of the loading box.

[0009] Preferably, multiple rotating plates are fixed to the outside of the rotating tube, and multiple spray holes are opened inside the rotating plates, which are in communication with the inside of the rotating tube.

[0010] Preferably, a geared disc is fixed to the top end of the rotating tube, a connecting plate is rotatably connected to the top end of the rotating tube, a motor is installed on one side of the top end of the connecting plate, an output gear is fixed to the end of the output shaft of the motor, and the output gear meshes with the geared disc.

[0011] Preferably, electric telescopic rods are installed on both sides of the top of the frame, and the output shaft ends of the electric telescopic rods are fixedly connected to both sides of the connecting plate.

[0012] Preferably, a positioning frame is fixed to the top of the frame, and a rotating frame is rotatably connected to the top of the positioning frame. The outer side of the rotating frame is fixedly connected to multiple material boxes. An output port is provided at the bottom of each material box, and the output port can be aligned with the top of the feed pipe. A rotating column is fixed to the bottom of the rotating frame. Multiple spiral grooves are equally spaced on the outer side of the rotating column, and a vertical groove is provided between adjacent spiral grooves. A lifting frame is sleeved on the outside of the rotating column. A protrusion is fixed to the inner side of the lifting frame, and the protrusion can slide inside the spiral grooves and vertical grooves. A guide plate is rotatably connected at the connection between the bottom ends of the spiral grooves and vertical grooves. A third coil spring is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft of the guide plate, and the other end of the third coil spring is fixedly connected to the rotating column. A push rod is fixed to one side of the lifting frame, and the push rod penetrates the interior of the top of the frame. A guide rod is fixed to the middle of the bottom end of the lifting frame, and a spring is fixed to the outside of the guide rod. The top of the spring is fixedly connected to the frame.

[0013] Preferably, a second cover plate is rotatably connected to one side of the bottom end of the output port, a second coil spring is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft of the second cover plate, and the other end of the second coil spring is fixedly connected to the output port. A first cover plate is rotatably connected to one side of the top end of the feed pipe, a first coil spring is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft of the first cover plate, and the other end of the first coil spring is fixedly connected to the feed pipe.

[0014] Preferably, guide rails are fixed on both sides inside the frame, the two sides of the connecting plate are slidably connected to the guide rails, a lifting rod is fixed at the bottom of the connecting plate, a plurality of teeth are provided on one side of the bottom of the lifting rod, a gear is fixed at the end of the rotating shaft of the smelting furnace, and the lifting rod can be connected to the gear through the teeth.

[0015] A multi-stage refining method for antimony ore smelting, the smelting method comprising the following steps: Multi-stage smelting: Oxidative roasting: Antimony concentrate is mixed with flux and placed in a smelting furnace for oxidative roasting at 600–800℃ to generate Sb2O3 flue gas and roasted sand. The flue gas is purified to recover Sb2O3, and SO2 is sent to acid production or desulfurization. First-stage reduction: roasted sand is fed into a bottom-blown oxidation furnace and oxidized at 800–1150℃ to obtain the first antimony-containing slag. Secondary reduction: The molten slag is fed into a side-blown reduction furnace, where anthracite is added for reduction. At 1000–1200℃, crude antimony and a second antimony-containing slag are generated. The slag is then processed in an oxygen-enriched volatilization furnace to recover residual antimony. Multi-level refining: Alkaline refining involves blowing crude antimony with soda ash at 600–900℃ to oxidize and remove arsenic and iron, and to skim off scum. Vacuum distillation: antimony vapor is evaporated at 1000–1300℃ under vacuum conditions, and high-boiling-point impurities are removed by staged condensation. Electrolytic refining uses crude antimony as the anode and pure antimony as the cathode in an SbF3-HF electrolyte, and high-purity antimony is obtained from the cathode. Staged condensation, where antimony vapor is condensed in separate temperature zones under vacuum, further removes trace impurities.

[0016] Preferably, the multi-stage smelting includes the following steps; S1. Open the sealing cover and pour antimony ore powder into the inner liner, and use the cylinder to drive the sealing cover to close tightly at the top of the smelting furnace; S2. The flux inside the first assembly tank is blown into the inner liner by a vacuum pump. At the same time, the motor rotates to drive the rotating plate, so that the nozzle rotates in the antimony ore powder and sprays out the flux. S3. The heater heats the inner liner to cause the antimony ore powder to react with the flux, and the Sb2O3 flue gas is output to the external recovery equipment through the output pipe of the sealed cover. S4. After the antimony ore is roasted, roasted sand is produced. The temperature of the heater is increased to obtain the first antimony-containing slag. S5. The anthracite inside the second assembly bin is blown into the inner liner by a vacuum pump, and the temperature is adjusted to obtain crude antimony and the second antimony-containing slag. The slag is then used to recover residual antimony in an oxygen-enriched volatilization furnace. S6. Open the sealing cover and rotate the furnace to pour out the crude antimony inside the inner liner.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus and smelting method of the present invention, by setting up multiple charging boxes, can store flux and reducing agent for different smelting steps separately, and blow high-speed airflow from a vacuum pump to blow the flux or reducing agent inside the charging box into the inner liner, and cooperate with the heater to change the temperature, so that different steps of smelting can be carried out inside the inner liner, thereby reducing heat loss caused by changing the furnace body.

[0018] 2. The multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus and smelting method of the present invention uses a motor to drive a rotating plate to rotate inside the inner liner, which can stir the ore powder inside the inner liner, and blow airflow and flux through nozzles to quickly mix the ore powder. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the melting box of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rotating tube in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting rod structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the insertion tube structure in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the loading box structure in this invention; Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating column structure in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the guide plate structure in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer shell in this invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 11. Support frame; 12. Guide rail; 13. Vacuum pump; 131. Insertion tube; 132. Feed tube; 133. First cover plate; 134. First coil spring; 14. Loading box; 141. Positioning frame; 142. Rotating frame; 143. Output port; 144. Second cover plate; 145. Second coil spring; 146. Lifting frame; 147. Guide rod; 148. Spring; 149. Protrusion; 15. Rotating column; 151. Spiral groove; 152. Vertical groove; 153. Guide plate; 54. Third coil spring; 2. Smelting furnace; 21. Sealing cover; 211. Connecting plate; 212. Cylinder; 213. Lifting rod; 214. Gear; 215. Motor; 216. Top plate; 22. Electric telescopic rod; 23. Rotating pipe; 231. Rotating plate; 232. Spray hole; 233. Gear disc; 24. Inner tank; 241. Heater; 25. Output pipe; 251. Outer shell; 252. Hot water tank; 253. First pair of connecting pipes; 254. Transmission pipe; 255. Spiral pipe; 256. Second pair of connecting pipes. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 9As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting device includes a frame 1, a support frame 11 fixed inside the frame 1, a smelting furnace 2 rotatably connected inside the support frame 11, an inner liner 24 inside the smelting furnace 2, a heater 241 outside the inner liner 24, a sealing cover 21 at the top of the smelting furnace 2, a connecting plate 211 fixed at the top of the sealing cover 21, cylinders 212 installed on both sides of the support frame 11, the output shaft end of the cylinders 212 fixedly connected to the connecting plate 211, a vacuum pump 13 installed at the top of the frame 1, the air inlet pipe of the vacuum pump 13 connected to an external air supply device, and multiple loading boxes 1 on one side of the vacuum pump 13. 4. A rotating tube 23 is rotatably connected inside the sealing cover 21. An output tube 25 is provided on one side of the top of the sealing cover 21. An outer shell 251 is fixed to the outside of the output tube 25. A spiral tube 255 is provided inside the outer shell 251. The spiral tube 255 is wound around the outside of the 25. A hot water tank 252 is provided on one side inside the smelting furnace 2. Two transmission tubes 254 are provided at the top of the hot water tank 252. A first pair of connecting tubes 253 is fixed on one side of the smelting furnace 2. The top of the transmission tube 254 is placed inside the first pair of connecting tubes 253. A second pair of connecting tubes 256 that can be inserted into the first pair of connecting tubes 253 is provided at the bottom of the outer shell 251. Among them, the vacuum pump 13 delivers external gas to the rotating tube 23, and at the same time, the negative pressure generated by the gas flow draws the raw material inside the loading box 14 into the rotating tube 23, and the rotating tube 23 sprays the gas and raw material into the inner liner 24. During the smelting of antimony ore, the antimony ore is crushed. Then, cylinder 212 is activated to push connecting plate 211. Connecting plate 211 causes sealing cover 21 to separate from the top of smelting furnace 2. Antimony ore powder is then placed into the inner liner 24. After placement, cylinder 212 is activated to lower connecting plate 211, causing sealing cover 21 to reapply to the top of smelting furnace 2, sealing the top of inner liner 24. Simultaneously, different fluxes and reducing agents are placed in multiple charging boxes 14. Then, vacuum pump 13 is activated to blow high-speed airflow into rotating tube 23. The flow of high-speed airflow carries the flux inside charging boxes 14. At this time, the flux mixed with the high-speed airflow is sprayed into the inner liner 24 with the ore powder. Inside the inner liner 24, a high-speed airflow agitates the ore powder, ensuring more thorough mixing with the flux. Then, the heater 241 is energized to heat the inner liner 24, maintaining a temperature of 600–800℃. During this process, the vacuum pump 13 continues to blow airflow into the inner liner 24 through the rotating pipe 23, oxidizing the antimony ore impurities inside and producing Sb₂O₃ fumes. These fumes are then discharged to an external recovery device through the output pipe 25 at the top of the sealing cap 21. As the fumes exit through the output pipe 25, its temperature decreases, causing substances inside the fumes to condense on the pipe wall. The diameter of pipe 5 is reduced, so an outer shell 251 is installed outside the output pipe 25. When the heater 241 heats the inner liner 24, the first pair of connecting pipes 253 and the second pair of connecting pipes 256 are connected. The transmission pipe 254 is connected to the input and output pipes of the spiral pipe 255. Part of the heat of the smelting furnace 2 is absorbed by the heat absorption tank 252. The water inside the heat absorption tank 252 is heated and boils. The water vapor generated by boiling is input into the spiral pipe 255 through one of the transmission pipes 254. When the water vapor passes through the spiral pipe 255, it will evaporate the heat through the spiral pipe 255. At this time, the outside of the output pipe 25 is heated and the temperature rises, thereby keeping the flue gas in a stable state when passing through the output pipe 25. When the water vapor comes from When the spiral tube 255 is output, the temperature of the heat evaporates and it condenses into water. This water is then discharged into the heat absorption tank 252 through another transmission tube 254, allowing the water vapor to be recovered into the heat absorption tank 252. This process is repeated to continuously heat the output tube 25 and maintain a stable output of flue gas. When the sealing cover 21 is separated from the smelting furnace 2, the output tube 25 drives the outer shell 251 to separate the second pair of connecting pipes 256 from the first pair of connecting pipes 253. At this time, the transmission tube 254 is separated from the spiral tube 255. When the sealing cover 21 is put back on the top of the smelting furnace 2, the transmission tube 254 and the spiral tube 255 are reconnected, allowing the antimony ore powder to be fully mixed with the flux through the airflow. After initial smelting, the antimony ore powder generates slag. Then, the inner liner 24 is heated further, and the heating temperature is increased to 800–1150℃. At this point, some impurities in the slag inside the inner liner 24 can be further oxidized, and initial reduction can be achieved. Then, the charging box 14 containing the reducing agent is connected to the vacuum pump 13. The vacuum pump 13 blows a high-speed airflow to evenly blow the reducing agent into the inner liner 24. At this point, the heating temperature is increased to 1000–1200℃, which can further reduce the slag. This method can realize multi-step smelting and reduction of antimony ore through the smelting furnace 2 without replacing the furnace body. Therefore, the temperature loss of the furnace body is small, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the heater 241 during heating.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the end of the output pipe 25 of the vacuum pump 13 is connected to the insertion pipe 131. The bottom end of the insertion pipe 131 is inserted into the inside of the rotating pipe 23. A feed pipe 132 is fixed on one side of the insertion pipe 131. The feed pipe 132 can be connected to the bottom end of the loading box 14. The vacuum pump 13 outputs a high-speed airflow, which is introduced into the interior of the rotating tube 23 through the insertion tube 131. The feed tube 132 is connected to the loading box 14. The high-speed airflow will generate a negative pressure at the connection between the feed tube 132 and the insertion tube 131. The flux or reducing agent inside the loading box 14 can be drawn out through the feed tube 132, which makes it easier for the rotating tube 23 to spray material. The flux can be limestone or quartz sand, which will produce substances such as CaSO4 or FeSiO3 after the reaction. These are all inert compounds and will not react with the reducing agent in the subsequent reduction stage.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, multiple rotating plates 231 are fixed to the outside of the rotating tube 23, and multiple spray holes 232 are opened inside the rotating plates 231. The spray holes 232 are connected to the inside of the rotating tube 23. After the high-speed airflow and flux enter the rotating tube 23, they will be sprayed into the inner liner 24 through the guide of the nozzle 232. The guide of the nozzle 232 can make the spray direction of the airflow and flux more stable.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a gear disk 233 is fixed at the top of the rotating tube 23, and a connecting plate 211 is rotatably connected to the top of the rotating tube 23. A motor 215 is installed on one side of the top of the connecting plate 211, and an output gear is fixed at the end of the output shaft of the motor 215. The output gear meshes with the gear disk 233. When the high-speed airflow and flux are ejected from the nozzle 232, in order to achieve more uniform mixing, the start motor 215 drives the gear disk 233 to rotate through the output gear. The gear disk 233 drives the rotating tube 23 to rotate, and the rotating tube 23 drives the rotating plate 231 to rotate. At this time, the rotating plate 231 can stir and mix the inside of the inner liner 24, and at the same time drive the nozzle 232 to rotate. This allows the flux and high-speed airflow ejected from the nozzle 232 to further mix the ore powder and flux, thereby achieving a more uniform mixing of the ore powder and flux inside the inner liner 24.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, electric telescopic rods 22 are installed on both sides of the top of the frame 1, and the output shaft ends of the electric telescopic rods 22 are fixedly connected to both sides of the connecting plate 211. When the rotating plate 231 is stirring and the nozzle 232 is spraying material, it can only maintain the same height. Therefore, during this process, the electric telescopic rod 22 is activated to drive the connecting plate 211 to move upward at a constant speed. During this process, the connecting plate 211 pulls the rotating plate 231 up through the rotating tube 23. At the same time as it is raised, the motor 215 drives the rotating plate 231 to rotate, so that the rotating plate 231 can be raised and rotated at the same time, thereby mixing the flux more evenly inside the inner liner 24.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a positioning frame 141 is fixed to the top of the frame 1. A rotating frame 142 is rotatably connected to the top of the positioning frame 141. The outer side of the rotating frame 142 is fixedly connected to multiple material boxes 14. An output port 143 is provided at the bottom of the material box 14. The output port 143 can be aligned with the top of the feed pipe 132. A rotating column 15 is fixed to the bottom of the rotating frame 142. Multiple spiral grooves 151 are evenly spaced on the outer side of the rotating column 15. A vertical groove 152 is provided between adjacent spiral grooves 151. A lifting frame 146 is sleeved on the outside of the rotating column 15. A lifting frame 146 is fixed on the inner side of the lifting frame 146. The protrusion 149 can slide inside the spiral groove 151 and the vertical groove 152. The bottom connection of the spiral groove 151 and the vertical groove 152 is rotatably connected to the guide plate 153. The rotating shaft end of the guide plate 153 is fixed with a third coil spring 154. The other end of the third coil spring 154 is fixedly connected to the rotating column 15. A push rod is fixed on one side of the lifting frame 146. The push rod passes through the inside of the top of the frame 1. A guide rod 147 is fixed in the middle of the bottom of the lifting frame 146. A spring 148 is fixed on the outside of the guide rod 147. The top of the spring 148 is fixedly connected to the frame 1. When the electric telescopic rod 22 pulls the connecting plate 211 to rise, the connecting plate 211 simultaneously drives the top plate 216 to rise. During this process, the top plate 216 is kept out of contact with the push rod of the lifting frame 146. When one of the melting steps is completed and different fluxes or reducing agents need to be added, the electric telescopic rod 22 drives the connecting plate 211 to continue raising the top plate 216. The top plate 216 pushes the push rod of the lifting frame 146, causing the lifting frame 146 to rise. At this time, the lifting frame 146 slides inside the spiral groove 151 through the protrusion 149. When the protrusion 149 slides upward inside the spiral groove 151, it drives the rotating column 15 to rotate, thereby causing the rotating column 15 to drive the rotating frame 142 to rotate. When the rotating frame 142 rotates, it drives the current mounting... The output port 143 of the material box 14 separates from the feed pipe 132. Then, the material box 14 of the next station rotates towards the feed pipe 132. When the protrusion 149 slides into the vertical slide groove 152, the output port 143 of the next station aligns with the feed pipe 132. At this time, the spring 148 pulls the lifting frame 146 downward through the guide rod 147. The lifting frame 146 drives the protrusion 149 to move downward inside the vertical slide groove 152, so that the protrusion 149 drives the material box 14 to switch stations. When the protrusion 149 slides downward, the guide plate 153 does not block the protrusion 149. When the protrusion 149 slides upward, the guide plate 153 guides the protrusion 149 into the spiral slide groove 151, thereby making it easier to switch the stations of the material box 14.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a second cover plate 144 is rotatably connected to one side of the bottom end of the output port 143. A second coil spring 145 is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft of the second cover plate 144. The other end of the second coil spring 145 is fixedly connected to the output port 143. A first cover plate 133 is rotatably connected to one side of the top end of the feed pipe 132. A first coil spring 134 is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft of the first cover plate 133. The other end of the first coil spring 134 is fixedly connected to the feed pipe 132. When the output port 143 turns to the top of the feed pipe 132, the output port 143 pushes the first cover plate 133 to rotate to one side, and the feed pipe 132 will simultaneously push the second cover plate 144. When the output port 143 separates from the feed pipe 132, the first coil spring 134 drives the first cover plate 133 to automatically reset, and the second coil spring 145 drives the second cover plate 144 to reset, thereby achieving the sealing of the feed pipe 132 and the output port 143.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, guide rails 12 are fixed on both sides inside the frame 1. The two sides of the connecting plate 211 are slidably connected to the guide rails 12. A lifting rod 213 is fixed at the bottom of the connecting plate 211. Multiple teeth are provided on one side of the bottom of the lifting rod 213. A gear 214 is fixed at the end of the rotating shaft of the smelting furnace 2. The lifting rod 213 can be connected to the gear 214 through the teeth. When the sealing cover 21 is separated from the smelting furnace 2, the cylinder 212 drives the connecting plate 211 to raise the sealing cover 21. At the same time, the connecting plate 211 drives the lifting rod 213 to a fixed height. At this height, the teeth of the lifting rod 213 do not mesh with the gear 214. When the smelting furnace 2 needs to pour out the molten slag inside, the cylinder 212 continues to push the connecting plate 211 to move the lifting rod 213 upward. At this time, the teeth of the lifting rod 213 drive the gear 214 to rotate, which can make the smelting furnace 2 rotate to pour out the molten slag inside the inner liner 24 to the outside, thereby making it easier to discharge the material.

[0031] A multi-stage refining method for antimony ore smelting, the smelting method comprising the following steps: Multi-stage smelting: Oxidative roasting: Antimony concentrate and flux are mixed and placed into smelting furnace 2, and oxidized and roasted at 600–800℃ to generate Sb2O3 flue gas and roasted sand. The flue gas is purified to recover Sb2O3, and SO2 is sent to acid production or desulfurization. First-stage reduction: roasted sand is fed into a bottom-blown oxidation furnace and oxidized at 800–1150℃ to obtain the first antimony-containing slag. Secondary reduction: The molten slag is fed into a side-blown reduction furnace, where anthracite is added for reduction. At 1000–1200℃, crude antimony and a second antimony-containing slag are generated. The slag is then processed in an oxygen-enriched volatilization furnace to recover residual antimony. Multi-level refining: Alkaline refining involves blowing crude antimony with soda ash at 600–900℃ to oxidize and remove arsenic and iron, and to skim off scum. Vacuum distillation: antimony vapor is evaporated at 1000–1300℃ under vacuum conditions, and high-boiling-point impurities are removed by staged condensation. Electrolytic refining uses crude antimony as the anode and pure antimony as the cathode in an SbF3-HF electrolyte, and high-purity antimony is obtained from the cathode. Staged condensation, where antimony vapor is condensed in separate temperature zones under vacuum, further removes trace impurities.

[0032] Multi-stage smelting includes the following steps; S1. Open the sealing cover 21 and pour the antimony ore powder into the inner liner 24, and drive the sealing cover 21 to close tightly on the top of the smelting furnace 2 through the cylinder 212; S2. The flux inside the first assembly box 14 is blown into the inner liner 24 by the vacuum pump 13. At the same time, the motor 215 rotates to drive the rotating plate 231, so that the nozzle 232 rotates in the antimony ore powder and sprays out the flux. S3, heater 241 heats the inner liner 24 to cause the antimony ore powder to react with the flux, and the Sb2O3 flue gas is output to the external recovery equipment through the output pipe 25 of the sealing cover 21; S4. After the antimony ore is roasted, roasted sand is produced. The temperature of heater 241 is increased to obtain the first antimony-containing slag. S5. The anthracite inside the second assembly bin 14 is blown into the inner liner 24 by the vacuum pump 13. The temperature is adjusted to obtain crude antimony and the second antimony-containing slag. The slag is then recycled for residual antimony in an oxygen-enriched volatilization furnace. S6. Open the sealing cover 21 and rotate the smelting furnace 2 to pour out the crude antimony inside the inner liner 24.

[0033] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus, characterized in that: The system includes a frame, an internal support frame, a rotatably connected furnace inside the support frame, an inner liner inside the furnace, a heater outside the inner liner, a sealing cover at the top of the furnace, a connecting plate fixed to the top of the sealing cover, cylinders on both sides of the support frame, the output shaft ends of the cylinders fixedly connected to the connecting plates, a vacuum pump at the top of the frame, the inlet pipe of the vacuum pump connected to an external gas supply device, multiple loading boxes on one side of the vacuum pump, a rotating pipe rotatably connected inside the sealing cover, an output pipe on one side of the top of the sealing cover, an outer shell fixed outside the output pipe, a spiral tube inside the outer shell, the spiral tube wound around the outside, a hot water tank inside the furnace 2 on one side, two transmission pipes at the top of the hot water tank, a first pair of connecting pipes fixed on one side of the furnace 2, the top of the transmission pipes placed inside the first pair of connecting pipes, and a second pair of connecting pipes at the bottom of the outer shell that can be inserted into the first pair of connecting pipes. The vacuum pump delivers external gas to the rotating tube, while the negative pressure generated by the gas flow draws the raw materials inside the loading box into the rotating tube. The rotating tube then sprays the gas and raw materials into the inner liner.

2. The multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output pipe of the vacuum pump is connected to an insertion pipe at one end. The bottom end of the insertion pipe is inserted into the inside of the rotating pipe. A feed pipe is fixed to one side of the insertion pipe and can be connected to the bottom of the loading box.

3. The multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple rotating plates are fixed to the outside of the rotating tube, and multiple spray holes are opened inside the rotating plates. The spray holes are connected to the inside of the rotating tube.

4. The multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: A geared disc is fixed to the top of the rotating tube, and a connecting plate is rotatably connected to the top of the rotating tube. A motor is installed on one side of the top of the connecting plate, and an output gear is fixed to the end of the output shaft of the motor. The output gear meshes with the geared disc.

5. The multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: Electric telescopic rods are installed on both sides of the top of the frame, and the output shaft ends of the electric telescopic rods are fixedly connected to both sides of the connecting plate.

6. The multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: A positioning frame is fixed to the top of the frame, and a rotating frame is rotatably connected to the top of the positioning frame. The outer side of the rotating frame is fixedly connected to multiple material boxes. The bottom of each material box has an output port that can be aligned with the top of the feed pipe. A rotating column is fixed to the bottom of the rotating frame. Multiple spiral grooves are evenly spaced on the outer side of the rotating column, and a vertical groove is formed between adjacent spiral grooves. A lifting frame is sleeved on the outside of the rotating column. A protrusion is fixed to the inner side of the lifting frame, and the protrusion can slide inside the spiral grooves and vertical grooves. A guide plate is rotatably connected at the connection between the bottom ends of the spiral grooves and vertical grooves. A third coil spring is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft of the guide plate, and the other end of the third coil spring is fixedly connected to the rotating column. A push rod is fixed to one side of the lifting frame, and the push rod penetrates the interior of the top of the frame. A guide rod is fixed to the middle of the bottom end of the lifting frame, and a spring is fixed to the outside of the guide rod. The top of the spring is fixedly connected to the frame.

7. A multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second cover plate is rotatably connected to one side of the bottom end of the output port. A second coil spring is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft of the second cover plate. The other end of the second coil spring is fixedly connected to the output port. A first cover plate is rotatably connected to one side of the top end of the feed pipe. A first coil spring is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft of the first cover plate. The other end of the first coil spring is fixedly connected to the feed pipe.

8. The multi-stage refining antimony ore smelting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: Guide rails are fixed on both sides inside the frame. The two sides of the connecting plate are slidably connected to the guide rails. A lifting rod is fixed at the bottom of the connecting plate. Multiple teeth are provided on one side of the bottom of the lifting rod. A gear is fixed at the end of the rotating shaft of the smelting furnace. The lifting rod can be connected to the gear through the teeth.

9. A multi-stage refining method for antimony ore smelting, comprising smelting using the antimony ore smelting apparatus described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The smelting method includes the following steps: Multi-stage smelting: Oxidative roasting: Antimony concentrate is mixed with flux and placed in a smelting furnace for oxidative roasting at 600–800℃ to generate Sb2O3 flue gas and roasted sand. The flue gas is purified to recover Sb2O3, and SO2 is sent to acid production or desulfurization. First-stage reduction: roasted sand is fed into a bottom-blown oxidation furnace and oxidized at 800–1150℃ to obtain the first antimony-containing slag. Secondary reduction: The molten slag is fed into a side-blown reduction furnace, where anthracite is added for reduction. At 1000–1200℃, crude antimony and a second antimony-containing slag are generated. The slag is then processed in an oxygen-enriched volatilization furnace to recover residual antimony. Multi-level refining: Alkaline refining involves blowing crude antimony with soda ash at 600–900℃ to oxidize and remove arsenic and iron, and to skim off scum. Vacuum distillation: antimony vapor is evaporated at 1000–1300℃ under vacuum conditions, and high-boiling-point impurities are removed by staged condensation. Electrolytic refining uses crude antimony as the anode and pure antimony as the cathode in an SbF3-HF electrolyte, and high-purity antimony is obtained from the cathode. Staged condensation, where antimony vapor is condensed in separate temperature zones under vacuum, further removes trace impurities.

10. A multi-stage refining method for antimony ore smelting according to claim 9, characterized in that: The multi-stage smelting process includes the following steps; S1. Open the sealing cover and pour antimony ore powder into the inner liner, and use the cylinder to drive the sealing cover to close tightly at the top of the smelting furnace; S2. The flux inside the first assembly tank is blown into the inner liner by a vacuum pump. At the same time, the motor rotates to drive the rotating plate, so that the nozzle rotates in the antimony ore powder and sprays out the flux. S3. The heater heats the inner liner to cause the antimony ore powder to react with the flux, and the Sb2O3 flue gas is output to the external recovery equipment through the output pipe of the sealed cover. S4. After the antimony ore is roasted, roasted sand is produced. The temperature of the heater is increased to obtain the first antimony-containing slag. S5. The anthracite inside the second assembly bin is blown into the inner liner by a vacuum pump, and the temperature is adjusted to obtain crude antimony and the second antimony-containing slag. The slag is then used to recover residual antimony in an oxygen-enriched volatilization furnace. S6. Open the sealing cover and rotate the furnace to pour out the crude antimony from inside the inner liner.

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