Automobile hub bearing size detection system and method based on 3D laser line scanning

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser measurement, in particular to an automobile hub bearing size detection system and method.The automobile hub bearing size detection system based on 3D laser line scanning is characterized in that an inner circle limiting assembly comprises a plurality of first clamping blocks, a pushing rod, a rotating rod and a lifting air cylinder; the lifting air cylinder continues to be lifted, so that the inclined surfaces of the first clamping blocks are subjected to the action of the pushing rods, and the multiple first clamping blocks are reversely pushed to slide in the transverse sliding grooves so as to position the bearing; the laser detection assembly comprises an outer circle laser detection head, an inner circle laser detection head and an adjusting support. The outer circle laser detection head is arranged on one side of the supporting plate, and the adjusting support is arranged on the supporting plate and used for adjusting the position of the inner circle laser detection head. The inner circle size and the outer circle size can be detected at the same time, and the detection efficiency and precision are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser measurement technology, and in particular to a system and method for detecting the dimensions of automotive wheel hub bearings based on 3D laser line scanning. Background Technology

[0002] The automotive wheel hub bearing dimensional inspection system is an automated inspection device based on machine vision and precision sensing technology. It is primarily used for high-precision, non-contact measurement of key dimensional parameters of wheel hub bearings (such as outer diameter, inner diameter, height, and coaxiality). The system utilizes an industrial camera, laser sensor, and precision motion platform working together to acquire multi-dimensional images and data of the bearing. Combined with specialized algorithms, it performs real-time analysis to quickly determine whether the product meets quality standards.

[0003] Current methods for inspecting bearing dimensions typically require mechanical clamps to hold the bearing's inner or outer diameter, ensuring stability during measurement and allowing for dimensional inspection of the unclamped portion. This cumbersome and time-consuming process necessitates clamping and positioning for each inspection, reducing overall inspection efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a system and method for detecting the dimensions of automotive wheel hub bearings based on 3D laser line scanning, which aims to simultaneously detect the inner and outer diameters, thereby improving detection efficiency and accuracy.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a 3D laser line scanning-based automotive wheel hub bearing dimensional inspection system, comprising a base and a support plate, wherein the support plate is fixedly connected to the base and located on top of the support plate, and further comprising a rotating seat, an inner circle limiting assembly, and a laser detection assembly. The rotating seat is rotatably mounted on the support plate, and the inner circle limiting assembly comprises multiple first clamping blocks, a push rod, a rotating rod, and a lifting cylinder. The rotating seat is provided with multiple longitudinal sliding grooves and multiple transverse sliding grooves, wherein the multiple longitudinal sliding grooves are respectively connected to the multiple transverse sliding grooves, the multiple first clamping blocks are respectively disposed within the multiple longitudinal sliding grooves, and the push rod is disposed within the multiple transverse sliding grooves. In the middle of the first clamping blocks, the rotating rod is connected to the pushing rod and rotatably connected to the output end of the lifting cylinder. In the first stage of the lifting cylinder, the first clamping block is pushed from the longitudinal slide groove to the transverse slide groove. As the lifting cylinder continues to lift, the inclined surface of the first clamping block is pushed by the pushing rod, which pushes multiple first clamping blocks to slide in the transverse slide groove to position the bearing. The laser detection assembly includes an outer circular laser detection head, an inner circular laser detection head, and an adjustment bracket. The outer circular laser detection head is disposed on one side of the support plate, and the adjustment bracket is disposed on the support plate for adjusting the position of the inner circular laser detection head.

[0006] The rotating seat includes a seat body, an external gear ring, a first gear, and a drive motor. The seat body is rotatably mounted on the support plate, the external gear ring is fixed to the outside of the seat body, the first gear meshes with the external gear ring, and the output end of the drive motor meshes with the first gear.

[0007] The rotating seat also includes an elastic element, which is disposed in the transverse sliding groove and is used to reset the first clamping block.

[0008] The first clamping block has a limiting block, and the base has a limiting plate. The limiting plate is used to cooperate with the limiting block to limit the lifting height of the first clamping block.

[0009] The automotive wheel hub bearing size detection system based on 3D laser line scanning also includes an outer circle limiting component. The outer circle limiting component is used to limit the outer circle of the bearing when the inner circle is being detected after the first clamping block is reset, so as to improve the detection accuracy.

[0010] The outer circle limiting assembly includes a contact plate, multiple racks, multiple second gears, and multiple second clamping blocks; a movable disk is provided on the rotating rod; the contact plate is slidably disposed below the base; multiple second gears are rotatably disposed around the base; multiple second clamping blocks are respectively connected to multiple second gears; multiple racks are fixedly connected to the contact plate and respectively mesh with multiple second gears.

[0011] The outer circle limiting assembly further includes a support rod and a second elastic element. The support rod is fixed on the base and slidably connected to the contact plate. The second elastic element is disposed between the support rod and the contact plate and is used to reset the contact plate.

[0012] The outer circular laser detection head includes a laser data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, and a size data judgment unit. The data processing unit is connected to the laser data acquisition unit, and the size data judgment unit is connected to the data processing unit.

[0013] The adjustment bracket includes a second cylinder, a lifting rod, and a rotating seat. The second cylinder is located above the seat, the lifting rod is connected to the output end of the second cylinder, the rotating seat is rotatably mounted on the lifting rod, and the inner circle laser detection head is mounted on the rotating seat.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for detecting the dimensions of automotive wheel hub bearings based on 3D laser line scanning, using the aforementioned automotive wheel hub bearing size detection system based on 3D laser line scanning.

[0015] The present invention relates to a 3D laser line scanning-based system and method for inspecting the dimensions of automotive wheel hub bearings. The base, serving as the load-bearing foundation of the entire system, possesses excellent rigidity and stability, effectively reducing vibration and ensuring accuracy during the inspection process. A support plate is fixedly connected to the top of the base, positioned above it, and is used to install and support the remaining functional components. Its structural design balances strength and space utilization.

[0016] The rotating base is rotatably mounted on the support plate to support the wheel hub bearing to be inspected. During inspection, it drives the bearing to rotate, allowing the laser inspection assembly to perform a 360-degree omnidirectional scan of the bearing's outer and inner diameters. The rotation of the base is driven by a precision motor or servo system, ensuring smooth rotation and controllable angles to meet high-precision scanning requirements.

[0017] The inner circle limiting assembly is used to precisely position and clamp the inner ring of the wheel hub bearing, ensuring that it remains centered and without deviation during the inspection process.

[0018] The rotating base is provided with multiple longitudinal sliding grooves and multiple transverse sliding grooves. The longitudinal sliding grooves extend radially, while the transverse sliding grooves are distributed circumferentially and communicate with the longitudinal sliding grooves to form a guide path. Multiple first clamping blocks are slidably disposed in their respective longitudinal sliding grooves, initially located at the bottom of the groove.

[0019] The push rod is located in the central area of ​​multiple first clamping blocks and is connected to the rotating rod. The other end of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the output end of the lifting cylinder via a hinge or universal joint. When the lifting cylinder starts and enters the first stage of lifting, the rotating rod drives the push rod upward, gradually pushing the multiple first clamping blocks from the longitudinal slide groove into the transverse slide groove along the inclined surface or guide structure. As the lifting cylinder continues to lift, the push rod further acts on the inclined surface structure of the first clamping blocks. Utilizing the inclined surface transmission principle, it pushes the multiple first clamping blocks in the opposite direction to slide synchronously radially inward within the transverse slide groove, thereby achieving clamping and center positioning of the inner ring of the wheel hub bearing.

[0020] The laser inspection component is the core measurement unit of this system, employing high-precision 3D laser line scanning technology to achieve non-contact dimensional measurement. This component includes an outer cylindrical laser inspection head, an inner cylindrical laser inspection head, and an adjustment bracket. The outer cylindrical laser inspection head is positioned on one side of the support plate, directly facing the outer ring of the bearing on the rotating seat. It can acquire three-dimensional point cloud data of the outer cylindrical profile in real time during bearing rotation, used to calculate geometric parameters such as outer diameter, roundness, and runout.

[0021] The adjustment bracket, fixed to the support plate, features multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment capabilities, including fine-tuning in the X, Y, and Z directions, and angle adjustment to accommodate the inner bore dimensions and inspection positions of different bearing models. The inner diameter laser inspection head is mounted on the adjustment bracket. By precisely adjusting its position and orientation, its laser scanning line can penetrate into the bearing's inner bore and closely contact the inner ring surface. This facilitates bearing fixation and allows for simultaneous inspection of both the inner and outer diameters, resulting in better inspection results. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the automotive wheel hub bearing size detection system based on 3D laser line scanning of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a right-side structural diagram of the automotive wheel hub bearing size detection system based on 3D laser line scanning of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a left-side structural diagram of the automotive wheel hub bearing size detection system based on 3D laser line scanning of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the automotive wheel hub bearing size detection system based on 3D laser line scanning of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of detail A.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the outer circular laser detection head of the present invention.

[0029] The components include: base 101, support plate 102, rotating seat 103, inner circle limiting component 104, outer circle limiting component 105, laser detection component 106, first clamping block 107, push rod 108, rotating rod 109, lifting cylinder 110, longitudinal slide groove 111, transverse slide groove 112, outer circle laser detection head 113, inner circle laser detection head 114, adjusting bracket 115, seat body 116, outer gear ring 117, first gear 118, drive motor 119, elastic element 120, limiting block 121, limiting plate 122, contact plate 123, rack 124, second gear 125, second clamping block 126, support rod 127, second elastic element 128, laser data acquisition unit 129, data processing unit 130, size data judgment unit 131, second cylinder 132, lifting rod 133, and rotating seat 134. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] First Embodiment Please see Figures 1-6This invention provides a 3D laser line scanning-based automotive wheel hub bearing dimension inspection system, including a base 101 and a support plate 102. The support plate 102 is fixedly connected to the base 101 and located on top of the support plate 102. It also includes a rotating seat 103, an inner circle limiting assembly 104, and a laser detection assembly 106. The rotating seat 103 is rotatably mounted on the support plate 102. The inner circle limiting assembly 104 includes multiple first clamping blocks 107, a push rod 108, a rotating rod 109, and a lifting cylinder 110. The rotating seat 103 is provided with multiple longitudinal sliding grooves 111 and multiple transverse sliding grooves 112. The multiple longitudinal sliding grooves 111 communicate with the multiple transverse sliding grooves 112 respectively. The multiple first clamping blocks 107 are respectively disposed within the multiple longitudinal sliding grooves 111. The push rod 108 is disposed within the multiple first clamping blocks 107. In the middle of a clamping block 107, the rotating rod 109 is connected to the pushing rod 108 and rotatably connected to the output end of the lifting cylinder 110. In the first stage of lifting, the lifting cylinder 110 pushes the first clamping block 107 from the longitudinal slide groove 111 to the transverse slide groove 112. The lifting cylinder 110 continues to lift, so that the inclined surface of the first clamping block 107 is acted upon by the pushing rod 108, pushing multiple first clamping blocks 107 to slide in the transverse slide groove 112 to position the bearing. The laser detection assembly 106 includes an outer circular laser detection head 113, an inner circular laser detection head 114, and an adjustment bracket 115. The outer circular laser detection head 113 is disposed on one side of the support plate 102, and the adjustment bracket 115 is disposed on the support plate 102 for adjusting the position of the inner circular laser detection head 114.

[0033] In this embodiment, the base 101 serves as the load-bearing foundation of the entire system, possessing excellent rigidity and stability, effectively reducing vibration and ensuring accuracy during the testing process. The support plate 102 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 101, located above it, and is used to install and support the remaining functional components. Its structural design balances strength and space utilization.

[0034] The rotating base 103 is rotatably mounted on the support plate 102 to support the wheel hub bearing to be inspected. It can drive the bearing to rotate during the inspection process so that the laser inspection assembly 106 can perform a 360-degree omnidirectional scan of the outer and inner circles of the bearing. The rotation of the rotating base 103 is driven by a precision motor or servo system to ensure smooth rotation and controllable angle, meeting the requirements of high-precision scanning.

[0035] The inner circle limiting component 104 is used to precisely position and clamp the inner ring of the wheel hub bearing, ensuring that it remains centered and without deviation during the inspection process.

[0036] The rotating base 103 is provided with multiple longitudinal sliding grooves 111 and multiple transverse sliding grooves 112. The longitudinal sliding grooves 111 extend radially, while the transverse sliding grooves 112 are distributed circumferentially and communicate with the longitudinal sliding grooves 111 to form a guide path. Multiple first clamping blocks 107 are slidably disposed in the corresponding longitudinal sliding grooves 111, and are initially located at the bottom of the groove.

[0037] A push rod 108 is positioned in the central region of multiple first clamping blocks 107 and connected to a rotating rod 109. The other end of the rotating rod 109 is rotatably connected to the output end of the lifting cylinder 110 via a hinge or universal joint structure. When the lifting cylinder 110 is activated and enters the first stage of lifting, the rotating rod 109 drives the push rod 108 to move upward, gradually pushing the multiple first clamping blocks 107 from the longitudinal slide groove 111 along the inclined surface or guide structure into the transverse slide groove 112. As the lifting cylinder 110 continues to lift, the push rod 108 further acts on the inclined surface structure of the first clamping blocks 107, using the inclined surface transmission principle to push the multiple first clamping blocks 107 in the opposite direction to slide synchronously radially inward within the transverse slide groove 112, thereby achieving clamping and center positioning of the inner ring of the wheel hub bearing.

[0038] The laser inspection component 106 is the core measurement unit of this system, employing high-precision 3D laser line scanning technology to achieve non-contact dimensional measurement. This component includes an outer diameter laser inspection head 113, an inner diameter laser inspection head 114, and an adjustment bracket 115. The outer diameter laser inspection head 113 is positioned on one side of the support plate 102, directly facing the outer ring of the bearing on the rotating seat 103. It can acquire three-dimensional point cloud data of the outer diameter profile in real time during bearing rotation, used to calculate geometric parameters such as outer diameter, roundness, and runout.

[0039] The adjusting bracket 115 is fixed to the support plate 102 and has multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment capabilities. For example, it can be fine-tuned in the X, Y, and Z directions, and its angle can be adjusted to adapt to the inner hole size and inspection position of different bearing models. The inner diameter laser inspection head 114 is mounted on the adjusting bracket 115. By precisely adjusting its position and orientation, its laser scanning line can extend into the bearing's inner hole and approach the inner ring surface. This facilitates bearing fixation and allows for simultaneous inspection of both the inner and outer diameters, resulting in better inspection results.

[0040] The rotating seat 103 includes a seat body 116, an external gear ring 117, a first gear 118, and a drive motor 119. The seat body 116 is rotatably mounted on the support plate 102. The external gear ring 117 is fixed to the outside of the seat body 116. The first gear 118 meshes with the external gear ring 117. The output end of the drive motor 119 meshes with the first gear 118.

[0041] The seat 116 has an annular or disc-shaped structure and is rotatably mounted on the support plate 102 by high-precision bearings (such as angular contact ball bearings or crossed roller bearings) to ensure good coaxiality and low frictional resistance during rotation. The upper surface of the seat 116 is used to support the automotive wheel hub bearing to be tested, and its central area has an installation space that cooperates with the inner circle limiting component 104 to accommodate the layout of multiple longitudinal slide grooves 111 and transverse slide grooves 112.

[0042] The external gear ring 117 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral sidewall of the base 116. It can be rigidly connected by screw fastening or interference fit to ensure no relative slippage during transmission. The external gear ring 117 has evenly distributed external meshing teeth, and its pitch circle diameter matches the transmission system to transmit rotational power.

[0043] The first gear 118 is a small-module spur gear or helical gear, forming an external meshing transmission pair with the external gear ring 117. The helical gear design can effectively reduce transmission noise and improve meshing smoothness. The first gear 118 is mounted on the support plate 102 via a rotating shaft and is directly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 119 or transmitted through a coupling. The drive motor 119 is preferably a servo motor or a stepper motor, which has closed-loop control capability and can precisely control the rotation angle, speed and acceleration of the rotating seat 103 to meet the high precision requirements of 3D laser line scanning for uniform speed, indexing or continuous rotation.

[0044] When the drive motor 119 starts, its output drives the first gear 118 to rotate. The first gear 118 transmits power to the base 116 through meshing with the external gear ring 117, thereby driving the entire rotating base 103 and the hub bearings it carries to rotate synchronously. This transmission method has a compact structure, high transmission efficiency, and rapid response, and can achieve precise positioning at minute angles, making it suitable for high-resolution scanning requirements.

[0045] The rotating seat 103 also includes an elastic element 120, which is disposed in the transverse sliding groove 112 and is used to reset the first clamping block 107.

[0046] Furthermore, the rotating seat 103 also includes an elastic element 120, which serves as a reset mechanism for the inner circle limiting assembly 104. The elastic element 120 is disposed within the transverse sliding groove 112, specifically located on the side of the first clamping block 107 away from the center (i.e., radially outward end). One end of the elastic element 120 abuts against the bottom of the transverse sliding groove 112 or the limiting step, and the other end contacts the corresponding end face of the first clamping block 107.

[0047] After the testing process is completed, the lifting cylinder 110 begins to retract, and the push rod 108 moves downward with the rotating rod 109, releasing the force on the inclined surface of the first clamping block 107. At this time, the elastic potential energy stored in the elastic element 120 under pre-compression is released, pushing the first clamping block 107 to slide outward along the transverse slide groove 112, disengaging from the inner ring of the bearing, completing the release action. Subsequently, as the lifting cylinder 110 continues to descend, the push rod 108 no longer supports the first clamping block 107, and the first clamping block 107, guided by gravity or the guide structure, slides back from the transverse slide groove 112 to the longitudinal slide groove 111 in its initial position, completing the reset process of the entire clamping mechanism.

[0048] The first clamping block 107 has a limiting block 121, and the seat 116 has a limiting plate 122. The limiting plate 122 is used to cooperate with the limiting block 121 to limit the lifting height of the first clamping block 107.

[0049] The base 116 has a limiting plate 122 at its outer end corresponding to each transverse sliding groove 112. The limiting plate 122 can be part of an annular flange or an independently installed metal block. Its inner end face is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the first clamping block 107 and faces the movement path of the limiting block 121. The limiting plate 122 is fixed to the base 116 by welding, screw connection or integral machining, and has sufficient structural strength to withstand the reaction force during the clamping process.

[0050] When the lifting cylinder 110 drives the push rod 108 to move upward, the push rod 108 pushes the first clamping block 107 from the longitudinal slide groove 111 into the transverse slide groove 112 through the inclined plane, and continues to slide centripetally along the transverse slide groove 112 to clamp the inner ring of the wheel hub bearing. During this process, the first clamping block 107 and its limiting block 121 are raised as a whole. When the first clamping block 107 slides to the predetermined clamping position of the transverse slide groove 112, its limiting block 121 just contacts the limiting plate 122 on the seat 116 to form a rigid stop.

[0051] The automotive wheel hub bearing size detection system based on 3D laser line scanning also includes an outer circle limiting component 105. The outer circle limiting component 105 is used to limit the outer circle of the bearing when the inner circle is being detected after the first clamping block 107 is reset, so as to improve the detection accuracy.

[0052] After the inner circle limiting assembly 104 clamps and centers the inner ring of the bearing, the inner circle dimension is measured. After the first clamping block 107 resets and releases the inner ring clamping, to prevent the bearing from radially floating or shifting due to loss of internal support, the outer circle limiting assembly 105 is activated. This applies a gentle, uniform radial constraint to the outer ring of the bearing, preventing it from wobbling or jumping during rotational scanning and ensuring that the bearing maintains its precise geometric center position during outer circle dimension measurement. This "alternating limiting" mechanism avoids interference from the fixture on the laser detection path and ensures high workpiece stability throughout the entire inspection process, making it particularly suitable for measuring high-precision roundness, coaxiality, and runout.

[0053] The outer circle limiting assembly 105 includes a contact plate 123, multiple racks 124, multiple second gears 125, and multiple second clamping blocks 126; a movable disk is provided on the rotating rod 109; the contact plate 123 is slidably disposed below the base 116; the multiple second gears 125 are rotatably disposed around the base 116; the multiple second clamping blocks 126 are respectively connected to the multiple second gears 125; the multiple racks 124 are fixedly connected to the contact plate 123 and respectively mesh with the multiple second gears 125.

[0054] The rotating rod 109 serves as the transmission core of the inner circle limiting assembly 104. A movable disk (also known as a drive disk or linkage disk) is provided on its axial extension. The movable disk rises and falls synchronously with the up-and-down movement of the rotating rod 109. The movable disk utilizes the drive stroke of the existing lifting cylinder 110, eliminating the need for an additional power source and achieving functional integration and a compact structural design.

[0055] The contact plate 123 has an annular or disc-shaped structure and is slidably disposed below the seat 116, allowing it to move downwards in the vertical direction. Each second clamping block 126 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the corresponding second gear 125, or coaxially fixed to the second gear 125, with its clamping surface facing the center of the rotating seat 103, used to lightly touch or clamp the outer circular surface of the hub bearing from the outside. The shape of the second clamping block 126 can be designed as arc-shaped or flat according to the outer ring contour of the bearing, and its surface can be covered with a wear-resistant rubber or engineering plastic layer to prevent scratching the workpiece surface.

[0056] When the lifting cylinder 110 moves downward, the moving disc pushes the contact disc 123 downward. The downward movement of the contact disc 123 causes the rack 124 to move downward, and the rack 124 drives the second gear 125 meshing with it to rotate. The second gear 125 then drives the second clamping block 126 to rotate around its own axis, causing its clamping end to swing inward and finally gently contact the outer ring surface of the bearing, thus achieving outer circle limiting.

[0057] The outer circle limiting component 105 also includes a support rod 127 and a second elastic element 128. The support rod 127 is fixed on the base 116 and slidably connected to the contact plate 123. The second elastic element 128 is disposed between the support rod 127 and the contact plate 123 and is used to reset the contact plate 123.

[0058] The support rod 127 is a rigid cylindrical rod, and there can be two or more (preferably arranged symmetrically, such as three or four), which are fixed vertically to the bottom of the seat 116 of the rotating base 103 or at the corresponding position of the support plate 102. The upper end of the support rod 127 can be firmly fixed to the lower surface of the seat 116 by threaded connection, welding or flange structure, and the lower end can be provided with a nut or limit cap to prevent the component from falling off.

[0059] The second elastic element 128 is disposed between the support rod 127 and the contact plate 123. When the lifting cylinder 110 is reset, the downward pressure of the moving plate on the contact plate 123 is released. At this time, the second elastic element 128 releases the elastic potential energy stored in the compressed state and pushes the contact plate 123 upward along the support rod 127 to slide back to the initial position.

[0060] The outer circular laser detection head 113 includes a laser data acquisition unit 129, a data processing unit 130, and a size data judgment unit 131. The data processing unit 130 is connected to the laser data acquisition unit 129, and the size data judgment unit 131 is connected to the data processing unit 130.

[0061] The laser data acquisition unit 129 employs a high-resolution 3D laser line scanning sensor (such as a confocal or triangulation ranging type) to emit a fan-shaped laser beam that illuminates the outer cylindrical surface of the rotating hub bearing. As the rotating seat 103 rotates at a uniform speed, the laser line performs a spiral scan along the outer circumference of the bearing, acquiring continuous two-dimensional cross-sectional profile point cloud data. This unit possesses micron-level measurement resolution and a high sampling frequency (up to several thousand points / second), enabling it to accurately capture geometric features such as outer diameter, roundness, cylindricity, coaxiality, and surface defects.

[0062] The data processing unit 130 is connected to the laser data acquisition unit 129 and is responsible for preprocessing the received raw point cloud data, including filtering and denoising, coordinate transformation, contour stitching, and feature extraction. It extracts key dimensional parameters, such as maximum / minimum outer diameter, radial runout, and end face runout, from the massive data using algorithms (such as least-squares circle fitting, Gaussian filtering, and edge detection), and then standardizes the processed dimensional information before outputting it to the next module. This unit can be integrated into an embedded industrial computer or FPGA chip to ensure the real-time performance and stability of data processing.

[0063] The dimensional data judgment unit 131 receives dimensional results from the data processing unit 130 and automatically performs a pass / fail judgment based on preset tolerance ranges (such as ISO or enterprise standards). If the detected value exceeds the set upper or lower limit, the system will trigger an alarm signal (audio-visual prompt, stop command, or data marker) and record the non-conforming item in the database for subsequent quality traceability and statistical analysis (SPC). This unit can also support the storage and retrieval of parameters for multiple product models to adapt to flexible production needs.

[0064] The adjustment bracket 115 includes a second cylinder 132, a lifting rod 133, and a rotating seat 103. The second cylinder 132 is disposed above the seat body 116. The lifting rod 133 is connected to the output end of the second cylinder 132. The rotating seat 103 is rotatably disposed on the lifting rod 133. The inner circle laser detection head 114 is disposed on the rotating seat 103.

[0065] The second cylinder 132 is fixedly mounted on a stable bracket above the support plate 102 or the base 116. Its installation position has been kinematically optimized to ensure that the lifting stroke covers the entry and exit requirements of the inner circular laser detection head 114. The second cylinder 132 serves as a power source, providing stable and controllable linear thrust.

[0066] The lifting rod 133 is rigidly connected to the piston rod output end of the second cylinder 132 (e.g., via threads or a flange), and moves up and down in the vertical direction (Z-axis) under the drive of the cylinder. The lifting rod 133 can be a precision sliding shaft structure, with linear bearings or guide sleeves to ensure smooth and wobbly movement. The rotating seat 103 is rotatably mounted at the end of the lifting rod 133, and typically achieves pitch rotation freedom around a horizontal axis (e.g., the Y-axis) through bearings or hinge structures. The rotating seat 103 is provided with a mounting interface for fixing the inner circular laser detection head 114.

[0067] By controlling the stroke of the second cylinder 132, the insertion depth (Z-axis position) of the detection head can be precisely adjusted; at the same time, the rotating seat 103 can automatically fit the bearing inner hole axis under the action of gravity or auxiliary elastic elements, realizing adaptive adjustment of the pitch angle, ensuring that the laser scanning surface is always perpendicular to the inner wall, and maximizing the measurement accuracy.

[0068] Second Embodiment The present invention also provides a method for detecting the dimensions of automotive wheel hub bearings based on 3D laser line scanning, using the aforementioned automotive wheel hub bearing dimension detection system based on 3D laser line scanning.

[0069] The automotive wheel hub bearing to be inspected is manually or by an automated robotic arm placed onto the bearing surface of the rotating seat 103. The bearing is installed approximately in the center, with its inner ring fitted into the initial position area of ​​the inner circle limiting component 104. At this time, the first clamping block 107 is located in the longitudinal slide groove 111, in a low-position ready state, and the second clamping block 126 of the outer circle limiting component 105 is also in an open state, ensuring that there is no interference during the loading process.

[0070] The lifting cylinder 110 is activated, and its piston rod extends upward, thereby pushing the push rod 108 to rise axially. The upward movement of the push rod 108 first pushes multiple first clamping blocks 107 from the longitudinal slide groove 111 into the transverse slide groove 112, completing the first stage of lifting. As the push rod 108 continues to rise, its end or inclined structure acts on the inner inclined surface of the first clamping blocks 107. Utilizing the inclined plane transmission principle, it drives multiple first clamping blocks 107 to slide radially and synchronously in the transverse slide groove 112 until they contact the inner wall of the bearing inner ring and apply a uniform clamping force, achieving precise automatic centering and rigid clamping of the bearing. The contact between the limiting block 121 and the limiting plate 122 ensures that the end position of the clamping stroke is precisely controllable, preventing over-extension damage.

[0071] After the bearing is reliably centered by the inner circle clamping assembly, the drive motor 119 starts, driving the first gear 118 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating seat 103 to rotate smoothly through meshing with the outer gear ring 117. As the rotation continues, the outer circle is inspected, and the 3D laser line scanning sensor collects the contour point cloud data of the inner circle in the entire circumference, forming a high-density three-dimensional model. The data processing unit 130 performs noise reduction, stitching, and fitting on the received raw data in real time, extracting key dimensional parameters such as the maximum and minimum inner diameter, roundness, cylindricity, and taper. The dimensional data judgment unit 131 then performs a pass / fail determination, and the results are displayed and stored in real time.

[0072] After the outer circle inspection is completed, the lifting cylinder 110 begins to retract. The push rod 108 moves downward with the rotating rod 109, releasing the force on the inclined surface of the first clamping block 107. At this time, the elastic element 120 (such as a compression spring) set in the transverse slide groove 112 releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the first clamping block 107 to slide outward along the transverse slide groove 112, disengaging from the inner ring of the bearing, and completing the release action of the inner circle clamping. At the same time, the moving disk of the push rod 108 moves downward synchronously, pushing the contact disk 123 to move downward along the support rod 127, driving the rack 124 to drive the second gear 125 to rotate, so that multiple second clamping blocks 126 gently contact the surface of the outer ring of the bearing from the outside, realizing the flexible limiting of the outer circle. This process is buffered and adaptively fitted by the second elastic element 128 (such as a return spring sleeved on the support rod 127), ensuring stable contact of the outer circle and preventing over-positioning stress.

[0073] After the outer circle limiting component 105 completes the positioning constraint on the outer ring of the bearing, the drive motor 119 starts again, and the rotating seat 103 drives the bearing to rotate. The inner circle laser detection head 114, located on one side of the support plate 102, emits a laser line to scan the inner circle surface of the bearing. The laser data acquisition unit 129 collects the outer circle contour data, and the data processing unit 130 performs real-time analysis to extract geometric information such as outer diameter, radial runout, end face runout, and surface contour defects. The dimensional data judgment unit 131 automatically judges whether it is qualified according to the preset tolerance zone and generates an inspection report.

[0074] After the inner circle inspection is completed, the second cylinder 132 retracts, causing the lifting rod 133 and the rotating seat 103 to rise, thus removing the inner circle laser inspection head 114 from the inner hole area. Simultaneously, the second elastic element 128 pushes the contact plate 123 to reset, causing the rack 124 and the second gear 125 to move in opposite directions, causing the second clamping block 126 to open outwards and release the outer circle limit. At this point, the bearing returns to its free state and can be unloaded manually or by a robot, proceeding to the next process or being stored separately.

[0075] The above description discloses only one preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiments can be implemented, and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A 3D laser line scanning-based automotive wheel hub bearing dimension inspection system, comprising a base and a support plate, wherein the support plate is fixedly connected to the base and is located on top of the support plate, characterized in that, It also includes a rotating seat, an inner circle limiting assembly, and a laser detection assembly. The rotating seat is rotatably mounted on the support plate. The inner circle limiting assembly includes multiple first clamping blocks, a push rod, a rotating rod, and a lifting cylinder. The rotating seat is provided with multiple longitudinal slide grooves and multiple transverse slide grooves. The multiple longitudinal slide grooves are respectively connected to the multiple transverse slide grooves. The multiple first clamping blocks are respectively disposed in the multiple longitudinal slide grooves. The push rod is disposed in the middle of the multiple first clamping blocks. The rotating rod is connected to the push rod and is rotatably connected to the output end of the lifting cylinder. In the first stage of lifting, the lifting cylinder pushes the first clamping blocks from the longitudinal slide grooves to the transverse slide grooves. As the lifting cylinder continues to lift, the inclined surface of the first clamping blocks is acted upon by the push rod, pushing the multiple first clamping blocks to slide in the transverse slide grooves in the opposite direction to position the bearing. The laser detection assembly includes an outer circular laser detection head, an inner circular laser detection head, and an adjustment bracket; the outer circular laser detection head is disposed on one side of the support plate, and the adjustment bracket is disposed on the support plate for adjusting the position of the inner circular laser detection head.

2. The automotive wheel hub bearing dimension inspection system based on 3D laser line scanning as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating seat includes a seat body, an external gear ring, a first gear, and a drive motor. The seat body is rotatably mounted on the support plate, the external gear ring is fixed to the outside of the seat body, the first gear meshes with the external gear ring, and the output end of the drive motor meshes with the first gear.

3. The automotive wheel hub bearing size inspection system based on 3D laser line scanning as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The rotating seat also includes an elastic element, which is disposed in the transverse sliding groove for resetting the first clamping block.

4. The automotive wheel hub bearing dimension inspection system based on 3D laser line scanning as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first clamping block has a limiting block, and the base has a limiting plate. The limiting plate is used to cooperate with the limiting block to limit the lifting height of the first clamping block.

5. The automotive wheel hub bearing dimension inspection system based on 3D laser line scanning as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The automotive wheel hub bearing size detection system based on 3D laser line scanning also includes an outer circle limiting component. The outer circle limiting component is used to limit the outer circle of the bearing when the inner circle is being detected after the first clamping block is reset, so as to improve the detection accuracy.

6. The automotive wheel hub bearing dimension inspection system based on 3D laser line scanning as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The outer circle limiting assembly includes a contact plate, multiple racks, multiple second gears, and multiple second clamping blocks; a movable disk is provided on the rotating rod, the contact plate is slidably disposed below the base, the multiple second gears are rotatably disposed around the base, the multiple second clamping blocks are respectively connected to the multiple second gears, and the multiple racks are fixedly connected to the contact plate and respectively mesh with the multiple second gears.

7. The automotive wheel hub bearing size inspection system based on 3D laser line scanning as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The outer circle limiting assembly also includes a support rod and a second elastic element. The support rod is fixed on the base and slidably connected to the contact plate. The second elastic element is disposed between the support rod and the contact plate and is used to reset the contact plate.

8. The automotive wheel hub bearing dimension inspection system based on 3D laser line scanning as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The outer circular laser detection head includes a laser data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, and a size data judgment unit. The data processing unit is connected to the laser data acquisition unit, and the size data judgment unit is connected to the data processing unit.

9. The automotive wheel hub bearing dimension inspection system based on 3D laser line scanning as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The adjustment bracket includes a second cylinder, a lifting rod, and a rotating seat. The second cylinder is located above the seat, the lifting rod is connected to the output end of the second cylinder, the rotating seat is rotatably mounted on the lifting rod, and the inner circle laser detection head is mounted on the rotating seat.

10. A method for detecting the dimensions of automotive wheel hub bearings based on 3D laser line scanning, characterized in that, The automotive wheel hub bearing size inspection system based on 3D laser line scanning as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted.

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