Self-charging direct current electronic load circuit and self-charging direct current electronic load

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-charging direct-current electronic load circuit and a self-charging direct-current electronic load, and relates to the technical field of electronic load testing, and the circuit comprises a load simulation module, an energy storage module and a charging management module. The input end of the load simulation module is connected with the tested power supply for consuming the electric energy output by the tested power supply. The energy storage module is connected with the load simulation module and used for supplying power to the load simulation module. The charging management module is connected with the tested power supply and the energy storage module and is used for obtaining electric energy from the tested power supply and charging the energy storage module when the load simulation module works. Compared with the prior art, through the charging management module connected in parallel with the load simulation module, part of electric energy is recovered and charges the energy storage module while the electric energy of the tested power supply is consumed, so that self-sustaining work of the direct-current electronic load without depending on an external power supply is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic load testing technology, and in particular to a self-charging DC electronic load circuit and a self-charging DC electronic load. Background Technology

[0002] DC electronic loads are key devices used to test the output performance of DC power supplies, and are widely used in tests such as battery discharge and photovoltaic array characteristic analysis. These tests often occur in outdoor or mobile environments where a stable mains power supply is lacking. Currently, traditional DC electronic loads require an external power source to operate, typically a 220V AC mains connection. This severely limits the portability and deployment flexibility of the equipment, making them difficult to use in typical environments without mains power, such as in the field or in vehicles. Although some improved products support temporary power supply via a USB Type-C interface from a power bank, this method is limited by the power bank's limited capacity and power supply reliability, and cannot guarantee long-term, stable testing tasks, thus not fundamentally solving the dependence on an external power source.

[0003] Therefore, how to achieve self-sustaining operation of DC electronic loads in scenarios without external power supply is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a self-charging DC electronic load circuit and a self-charging DC electronic load, aiming to solve the technical problem of how to achieve self-sustaining operation of DC electronic load in the absence of external power supply.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a self-charging DC electronic load circuit, the circuit comprising: a load simulation module, an energy storage module, and a charging management module; The input terminal of the load simulation module is connected to the power supply under test and is used to consume the electrical energy output by the power supply under test. The energy storage module is connected to the load simulation module and is used to supply power to the load simulation module; The charging management module is connected to both the power supply under test and the energy storage module, and is used to obtain electrical energy from the power supply under test and charge the energy storage module when the load simulation module is working.

[0006] In one embodiment, the charging management module includes: an anti-backflow unit and a DC-DC converter unit; The backflow prevention unit is disposed between the power supply under test and the DC-DC converter unit, or the backflow prevention unit is disposed between the DC-DC converter unit and the energy storage module; The backflow prevention unit is used to prevent backflow of electrical energy from the DC-DC converter to the power supply under test, or to prevent backflow of electrical energy from the energy storage module to the DC-DC converter. The DC-DC converter is used to convert the electrical energy into voltage and transmit the converted electrical energy to the energy storage module for charging.

[0007] In one embodiment, the anti-backflow unit includes: a first diode and a first capacitor; The anode of the first diode is connected to the power supply under test, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor and the DC-DC converter, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded. or, The anode of the first diode is connected to the DC-DC converter unit, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor and the energy storage module, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded.

[0008] In one embodiment, the circuit further includes: Control module; The control module is connected to the load simulation module and the charging management module respectively, and is used to send power consumption signals to the load simulation module and charging control signals to the charging management module. The load simulation module is also used to consume the electrical energy output by the power supply under test according to the power consumption signal; The charging management module is connected and is also used to charge the energy storage module according to the charging control signal.

[0009] In one embodiment, the circuit further includes: Sampling module; The sampling terminal of the sampling module is connected to the path between the power supply under test and the load simulation module, and the output terminal of the sampling module is connected to the control module. The sampling module is used to collect electrical energy parameters on the path and transmit the electrical energy parameters to the control module; The control module is also used to generate the power consumption signal and the charging control signal based on the power parameters.

[0010] In one embodiment, the circuit further includes: an emergency power supply module; The emergency power supply module is equipped with an external power interface, and the emergency power supply module is connected to the energy storage module and the load simulation module respectively. The emergency power supply module is used to supply power to the load simulation module and charge the energy storage module when an external power source is connected to the external power interface.

[0011] In one embodiment, the emergency power supply module includes: a path management unit and an emergency charging unit; The path management unit is connected to the external power interface, the energy storage module and the load simulation module respectively, and is used to switch the energy storage module to the external power supply to power the load simulation module, or to switch the external power supply to the energy storage module to power the load simulation module. The input terminal of the emergency charging unit is connected to the external power interface, and the output terminal is connected to the energy storage module, for charging the energy storage module through the external power source.

[0012] In one embodiment, the path management unit includes: a MOSFET, a first resistor, a second capacitor, a second diode, and a third diode; The source of the MOS transistor is connected to the load simulation module and the anode of the second diode, the gate of the MOS transistor is connected to the external power interface and the anode of the third diode, and the drain of the MOS transistor is connected to the energy storage module, the cathode of the second diode, the first terminal of the first resistor, and the first terminal of the second capacitor. The cathode of the third diode is connected to the energy storage module, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the second end of the second capacitor, and the second end of the first resistor is also grounded.

[0013] In one embodiment, the emergency power supply module includes: a charging chip, an inductor, a second resistor, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor; The external connection terminal of the charging chip is connected to the external power interface, the first power supply terminal of the charging chip is connected to the first terminal of the inductor, the second power supply terminal of the charging chip is connected to the energy storage module, and the charging auxiliary terminal of the charging chip is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor and the first terminal of the third capacitor, respectively. The second terminal of the inductor is connected to the energy storage module, the second terminal of the second resistor, and the first terminal of the fourth capacitor, respectively. The second terminals of the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor are both grounded.

[0014] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a self-charging DC electronic load, which includes the self-charging DC electronic load circuit as described above.

[0015] This application discloses a self-charging DC electronic load circuit and a self-charging DC electronic load. The circuit includes: a load simulation module, an energy storage module, and a charging management module; the input terminal of the load simulation module is connected to the power supply under test and is used to consume the electrical energy output by the power supply under test; the energy storage module is connected to the load simulation module and is used to supply power to the load simulation module; the charging management module is connected to both the power supply under test and the energy storage module, and is used to obtain electrical energy from the power supply under test and charge the energy storage module when the load simulation module is working.

[0016] This application incorporates a self-charging DC electronic load circuit within a self-charging DC electronic load. This circuit includes a load simulation module, an energy storage module, and a charging management module. The input of the load simulation module is connected to the power supply under test (PST) to consume the electrical energy output by the PST. The energy storage module is connected to the load simulation module to supply power to the load simulation module. The charging management module is connected to both the PST and the energy storage module to obtain electrical energy from the PST and charge the energy storage module when the load simulation module is operating. Compared to existing technologies, this application, through a charging management module connected in parallel with the load simulation module, simultaneously consumes the PST's electrical energy and recovers a portion of it to charge the energy storage module, thereby achieving self-sustaining operation of the DC electronic load without relying on an external power source. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the self-charging DC electronic load circuit proposed in this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of the self-charging DC electronic load circuit proposed in this application. Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the anti-backflow unit of the second embodiment of the self-charging DC electronic load circuit proposed in this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the self-charging DC electronic load circuit proposed in this application. Figure 5This is a circuit diagram of the emergency power supply module of the third embodiment of the self-charging DC electronic load circuit proposed in this application.

[0020] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0021] The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0025] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0026] It's important to note that DC electronic loads are crucial devices for testing the output performance of DC power supplies, widely used in tests such as battery discharge and photovoltaic array characteristic analysis. These tests often occur in outdoor or mobile environments where a stable mains power supply is lacking. Currently, traditional DC electronic loads require an external power source, typically a 220V AC mains connection. This severely limits the portability and deployment flexibility of the equipment, making them unusable in typical environments without mains power, such as in the field or in vehicles. While some improved products support temporary power supply via a USB Type-C interface from a power bank, this method is limited by the power bank's limited capacity and power supply reliability, failing to guarantee long-term, stable testing and not fundamentally solving the dependence on external power.

[0027] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this embodiment proposes a self-charging DC electronic load circuit. This embodiment includes a self-charging DC electronic load circuit within the self-charging DC electronic load, comprising a load simulation module 1, an energy storage module 2, and a charging management module 3. The input terminal of the load simulation module 1 is connected to the power supply under test 4 to consume the electrical energy output by the power supply under test 4. The energy storage module 2 is connected to the load simulation module 1 to supply power to the load simulation module 1. The charging management module 3 is connected to both the power supply under test 4 and the energy storage module 2 to obtain electrical energy from the power supply under test 4 and charge the energy storage module 2 when the load simulation module 1 is operating. Compared to existing methods, this application, through the charging management module 3 connected in parallel with the load simulation module 1, simultaneously consumes the electrical energy of the power supply under test 4 and recovers some of the electrical energy to charge the energy storage module 2, thereby achieving self-sustaining operation of the DC electronic load without relying on an external power supply 8.

[0028] For ease of understanding, the following is combined with Figures 1 to 5 The self-charging DC electronic load circuit provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the self-charging DC electronic load circuit proposed in this application.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit includes: a load simulation module 1, an energy storage module 2, and a charging management module 3; The input terminal of the load simulation module 1 is connected to the power supply under test 4 and is used to consume the electrical energy output by the power supply under test 4. The energy storage module 2 is connected to the load simulation module 1 and is used to supply power to the load simulation module 1; The charging management module 3 is connected to the power supply under test 4 and the energy storage module 2 respectively, and is used to obtain electrical energy from the power supply under test 4 and charge the energy storage module 2 when the load simulation module 1 is working.

[0031] It should be noted that the load simulation module 1 can be any module capable of consuming DC power according to control signals to simulate the characteristics of an actual load. For example, a linear adjustment or switching regulation circuit composed of high-power field-effect transistors or insulated-gate bipolar transistors can convert the input electrical energy into heat energy consumption by controlling the conduction state of power devices, thereby realizing various load simulation modes such as constant current, constant voltage, constant power, or constant resistance.

[0032] The energy storage module 2 can be any energy storage device or combination capable of storing electrical energy and providing DC power to other circuits. For example, a rechargeable lithium battery pack, a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, or a supercapacitor.

[0033] The charging management module 3 can be any module capable of managing and charging the energy storage module 2 when electrical energy is present at the input. For example, a DC-DC converter circuit with constant voltage and constant current control functions.

[0034] Understandably, the power source under test 4 can be any DC power source whose output characteristics or performance need to be tested. For example, single or multiple batteries (such as lithium batteries or lead-acid batteries), DC regulated power supplies, solar panels, fuel cells, or wireless power transmission and reception devices.

[0035] In the specific implementation, during testing, the positive and negative terminals of the power supply under test (Power Supply 4) are connected to the input terminals of the load simulation module 1, respectively. Simultaneously, the energy storage module 2 serves as the internal power source for the entire circuit, providing power for the normal operation of the load simulation module 1. The load simulation module 1 starts operating according to user-defined parameters (e.g., constant current 1A), consuming the electrical energy output by the Power Supply 4 under test, thereby completing the load-carrying capacity test of the Power Supply 4 under test. During this process, the input terminal of the charging management module 3 is connected in parallel to the output terminal of the Power Supply 4 under test (i.e., the input port of the load simulation module 1), continuously drawing a portion of electrical energy from the Power Supply 4 under test. The charging management module 3 performs appropriate voltage and current transformations on this drawn electrical energy before outputting it to the energy storage module 2, replenishing its power. In this way, while performing the testing function, the circuit simultaneously utilizes the energy of the Power Supply 4 under test to charge its own power supply system, forming a self-powered system with energy circulation.

[0036] The self-charging DC electronic load in this embodiment includes a self-charging DC electronic load circuit, which comprises a load simulation module 1, an energy storage module 2, and a charging management module 3. The input terminal of the load simulation module 1 is connected to the power supply under test 4 to consume the electrical energy output by the power supply under test 4. The energy storage module 2 is connected to the load simulation module 1 to supply power to the load simulation module 1. The charging management module 3 is connected to both the power supply under test 4 and the energy storage module 2 to obtain electrical energy from the power supply under test 4 and charge the energy storage module 2 when the load simulation module 1 is operating. Compared to existing technologies, this application, through the charging management module 3 connected in parallel with the load simulation module 1, simultaneously consumes the electrical energy of the power supply under test 4 and recovers some of the electrical energy to charge the energy storage module 2, thereby achieving self-sustaining operation of the DC electronic load without relying on an external power supply 8.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of the self-charging DC electronic load circuit proposed in this application.

[0038] Based on the above embodiments, a second embodiment of this application is proposed. To safely and effectively complete the acquisition and conversion of electrical energy, thereby charging the energy storage module 2, as follows... Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the charging management module 3 includes: an anti-backflow unit 31 and a DC-DC converter unit 32; The backflow prevention unit 31 is disposed between the power supply under test 4 and the DC-DC converter 32, or the backflow prevention unit 31 is disposed between the DC-DC converter 32 and the energy storage module 2; The backflow prevention unit 31 is used to prevent backflow of electrical energy from the DC-DC converter 32 to the power supply under test 4, or to prevent backflow of electrical energy from the energy storage module 2 to the DC-DC converter 32. The DC-DC converter 32 is used to convert the electrical energy into voltage and transmit the converted electrical energy to the energy storage module 2 for charging.

[0039] It should be noted that the anti-backflow unit 31 can be any unit that can ensure that current or electrical energy flows in only one direction and prevents it from flowing back in the opposite direction. For example, a circuit composed of a single diode can achieve the anti-backflow function by utilizing the unidirectional conductivity of the diode; it can also be an ideal diode circuit composed of switching devices such as MOSFETs and control circuits to achieve anti-backflow with lower on-state voltage drop.

[0040] The DC-DC conversion unit 32 can be any unit capable of converting DC power at one voltage level to DC power at another voltage level. For example, it can be a DC-DC converter based on switching transistors, inductors, capacitors, and control chips, and its specific type can be a buck converter, a boost converter, or a buck-boost converter.

[0041] It should be emphasized that, in this embodiment, the DC-DC converter 32 can be a converter that has the function of charging the energy storage module 2 with constant voltage and constant current, and can adjust the charging current of the energy storage module 2 or adjust its input current or power.

[0042] In its implementation, the backflow prevention unit 31 is connected in series in the path of electrical energy flow. This can be adjusted according to actual conditions; for example, the backflow prevention unit 31 can be placed in either the first or second position. In the first position, the backflow prevention unit 31 is directly connected between the power supply under test 4 and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter 32. In this position, the backflow prevention unit 31 prevents current from flowing back from the DC-DC converter 32 to the power supply under test 4, ensuring that energy can only flow from the power supply under test 4 to the DC-DC converter 32. In the second position, the backflow prevention unit 31 is connected between the output terminal of the DC-DC converter 32 and the energy storage module 2. In this position, the backflow prevention unit 31 prevents electrical energy from flowing back into the DC-DC converter 32 from the energy storage module 2. Regardless of the position of the backflow prevention unit 31, its fundamental purpose is to establish unidirectional energy transmission, ensuring that the voltage of the energy storage module 2 does not flow into the power supply under test 4 through the DC-DC converter 32, thus affecting the testing of the power supply under test 4. The DC-DC converter 32 receives electrical energy from the power supply 4 under test at the input terminal. The DC-DC converter 32 converts the voltage value of the electrical energy by decreasing or increasing it. After conversion, the DC-DC converter 32 sends out electrical energy with a voltage value that meets the charging requirements of the energy storage module 2 from the output terminal, and finally completes the charging of the energy storage module 2.

[0043] Furthermore, in order to achieve the unidirectional transmission function of electrical energy, refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the anti-backflow unit 31 of the second embodiment of the self-charging DC electronic load circuit proposed in this application. In this embodiment, the anti-backflow unit 31 includes: a first diode D1 and a first capacitor C1; The anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the power supply under test 4, the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 and the DC-DC converter 32, and the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is grounded. or, The anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the DC-DC converter 32, the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 and the energy storage module 2, and the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is grounded.

[0044] It should be noted that the first diode D1 can be a semiconductor device with unidirectional conductivity, where current can only flow from the anode to the cathode. Examples include silicon PN junction diodes and Schottky diodes.

[0045] The first capacitor C1 can be an aluminum electrolytic capacitor or a tantalum electrolytic capacitor, and its capacitance value is usually large. In this embodiment, it is mainly used to smooth and filter the DC voltage.

[0046] In its implementation, the anti-backflow unit 31 achieves its function through a specific connection between the first diode D1 and the first capacitor C1, and provides two optional installation positions. In the first configuration, the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the output terminal of the power supply under test 4, while the cathode of the first diode D1 is simultaneously connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter 32. The second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the circuit ground. Under this connection, current can only flow from the power supply under test 4, through the first diode D1, to the DC-DC converter 32 and the first capacitor C1. The first diode D1 prevents current from flowing back from the DC-DC converter 32 to the power supply under test 4, thus preventing backflow. Simultaneously, the connected first capacitor C1 serves to store energy and stabilize the cathode voltage of the first diode D1. In the second configuration, the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the output terminal of the DC-DC converter 32, while the cathode of the first diode D1 is simultaneously connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 and the charging input terminal of the energy storage module 2. The second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is also grounded. At this time, the first diode D1 allows current to flow from the DC-DC converter 32 to the energy storage module 2, but prevents the electrical energy of the energy storage module 2 from flowing back into the DC-DC converter 32, thus achieving the anti-backflow function. Here, the first capacitor C1 is used to stabilize the voltage at the charging port of the energy storage module 2.

[0047] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the self-charging DC electronic load circuit proposed in this application.

[0048] Based on the above embodiments, a third embodiment of this application is proposed. In order to generate power consumption signals and charging control signals, such as... Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit further includes: Control module 5; The control module 5 is connected to the load simulation module 1 and the charging management module 3 respectively, and is used to send power consumption signals to the load simulation module 1 and charging control signals to the charging management module 3. The load simulation module 1 is also used to consume the electrical energy output by the power supply under test 4 according to the power consumption signal; The charging management module 3 is connected and is also used to charge the energy storage module 2 according to the charging control signal.

[0049] It should be noted that control module 5 can be any module capable of receiving instructions, processing information, and outputting control signals. For example, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, or a field-programmable gate array.

[0050] Understandably, the power consumption signal can be a command signal issued by the control module 5 to set the power consumption level. For example, the power consumption signal can be an analog voltage signal representing a target current value, or it can be a digital communication message containing target current, voltage, or power parameters (such as sent via I2C or SPI bus).

[0051] The charging control signal can be a command signal sent by the control module 5 to the charging management module 3 to set or adjust the charging behavior. For example, it can be an analog voltage or current signal whose amplitude directly corresponds to the target charging current; or it can be a digitally encoded signal (such as the duty cycle of a PWM waveform or a data packet transmitted via a bus such as I²C or SPI) used to set the charging mode, target current, or target voltage.

[0052] In the specific implementation, the user sets the working mode and parameters of the load simulation module 1 through a human-machine interface (such as buttons or a touch screen). For example, the control module 5 first determines whether the current input voltage and target current meet the charging conditions. For instance, the input voltage needs to be higher than 6V and the set current needs to be greater than 0.1A to charge the battery. After determining that the charging conditions are met, the control module 5 first calculates the current or power that can charge the battery under the current conditions. For example, if the electronic load is set to a current of 1A, the control module 5 calculates that setting the input current of the charging management module 3 to 0.8A is safe (leaving a certain error margin to avoid charging tube...). Errors and fluctuations in the charging management module 3 cause the input current of the charging management module 3 to exceed the target current set by the user. At the same time, it will output a current consumption signal of 1A to the load simulation module 1. However, the actual current consumed by the load simulation module 1 is not 1A. Instead, it will automatically control the current consumption to be 1A of the current consumption signal minus the actual current consumed by the charging management module 3. That is to say, if the charging management module consumes 0.85A of current, the load simulation module will consume (1A-0.85A)=0.15A of current, so that the total current consumed by the electronic load system from the tested power supply is equal to the expected current value.

[0053] Furthermore, in order to provide a precise data foundation for the intelligent decision-making of control module 5, the following continues... Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit further includes: Sampling module 6; The sampling end of the sampling module 6 is connected to the path between the power supply under test 4 and the load simulation module 1, and the output end of the sampling module 6 is connected to the control module 5. The sampling module 6 is used to collect electrical energy parameters on the path and transmit the electrical energy parameters to the control module 5; The control module 5 is also used to generate the power consumption signal and the charging control signal based on the power parameters.

[0054] It should be noted that sampling module 6 can be any module capable of picking up electrical quantities from circuit nodes or branches and converting them into standard signals that can be processed by subsequent circuits. For example, a voltage sampling circuit composed of a high-precision voltage divider resistor network and an operational amplifier can be used to acquire voltage; or a current sampling circuit composed of a low-resistance sampling resistor and a current sensing amplifier (such as INA180) can be used to acquire current.

[0055] Understandably, electrical energy parameters can be physical quantities that characterize the state and changes of electrical energy at circuit nodes or branches. For example, electrical energy parameters can be the output voltage of the power supply 4 under test, the current flowing through the circuit, or the calculated instantaneous power.

[0056] In its implementation, the sampling module 6 is directly connected to the power path between the power supply under test 4 and the load simulation module 1 in parallel (for voltage sampling) or series (for current sampling). When the load simulation module 1 is working, current flows through the power path and voltage exists. The sampling module 6 continuously collects voltage and / or current signals from the power path in real time; these signals are the power parameters reflecting the current operating state. The sampling module 6 conditions these raw power parameter signals (e.g., amplification, filtering, analog-to-digital conversion) and then transmits the processed standard signal to the control module 5 through its output. After receiving the real-time power parameters from the sampling module 6, the control module 5 compares and calculates these measured data with the user-defined target operating mode (e.g., constant current 1A). Based on the comparison and calculation results, the control module 5 dynamically and accurately generates or adjusts the power consumption signal sent to the load simulation module 1 and the charging control signal sent to the charging management module 3, enabling the actual power consumption behavior of the load simulation module 1 and the charging management module 3 to quickly and accurately track the user settings and maintain stable system operation.

[0057] Furthermore, in order to provide emergency power to the entire circuit and restore the energy of energy storage module 2, continue as follows: Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit further includes: an emergency power supply module 7; The emergency power supply module 7 is provided with an external power supply interface 8 73, and the emergency power supply module 7 is connected to the energy storage module 2 and the load simulation module 1 respectively. The emergency power supply module 7 is used to supply power to the load simulation module 1 and charge the energy storage module 2 through the external power supply 8 when the external power supply interface 73 is connected to the external power supply 8.

[0058] It should be noted that the emergency power supply module 7 can be any module capable of automatically switching the system's power source and charging the internal battery when an external power source 8 is detected. For example, an integrated circuit that integrates power path management and charging management functions.

[0059] The external power supply interface 73 can be a physical port and electrical connection circuit for connecting an external power supply device. For example, it can be a USB Type-C interface, a Micro-USB interface, or a DC round socket, responsible for receiving power from the external power supply 8.

[0060] The external power source 8 can be a device that provides electrical energy through the external power source 8 interface 73. For example, an AC mains adapter (charger), a power bank (portable charger), or a car charger.

[0061] In its implementation, the external power supply interface 73 on the emergency power supply module 7 is used to connect to an external power supply 8. When the external power supply interface 73 is not connected to an external power supply 8, the entire circuit (including the load simulation module 1) relies entirely on the electrical energy stored in the energy storage module 2. When the user connects the external power supply 8 to the external power supply interface 73, the emergency power supply module 7 is activated. The emergency power supply module 7 first performs a power supply switch: cutting off or stopping the drawing of electrical energy from the energy storage module 2, and instead directly obtaining electrical energy from the external power supply interface 73 through an internal path, and providing this electrical energy to the power supply end of the load simulation module 1, ensuring that the load simulation module 1 immediately obtains the power required for operation. At the same time, the emergency power supply module 7 starts the charging function: converting and regulating the electrical energy from the external power supply interface 73 to generate voltage and current that meet the charging requirements of the energy storage module 2, charging the energy storage module 2 and replenishing its energy. Therefore, during the period when the external power supply 8 is connected, the power supply of the load simulation module 1 is undertaken by the external power supply 8, and the energy storage module 2 enters a charging state.

[0062] Furthermore, in order to achieve automatic switching of power supply paths and emergency charging, continue as follows: Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the emergency power supply module 7 includes: a path management unit 71 and an emergency charging unit 72; The path management unit 71 is connected to the external power supply 8 interface 73, the energy storage module 2 and the load simulation module 1 respectively, and is used to switch the energy storage module 2 to the external power supply 8 to power the load simulation module 1, or to switch the external power supply 8 to the energy storage module 2 to power the load simulation module 1. The input terminal of the emergency charging unit 72 is connected to the interface 73 of the external power supply 8, and the output terminal is connected to the energy storage module 2, for charging the energy storage module 2 through the external power supply 8.

[0063] It should be noted that the path management unit 71 can be any unit capable of automatically selecting and switching the main power supply source of the system based on the access status of the external power supply 8. For example, it can be a classic ideal diode circuit composed of a P-channel MOSFET and a diode, or it can be an intelligent switching circuit implemented by a dedicated power path management chip.

[0064] The emergency charging unit 72 can be any circuit or device capable of converting and managing electrical energy from the external power source 8 interface 73 and safely charging the energy storage module 2. For example, it can be a charging circuit consisting of an independent charging chip U1 (such as IP2312) with constant current and constant voltage charging management function and its peripheral components such as inductors L and capacitors.

[0065] In its implementation, the path management unit 71 has three connection terminals that respectively monitor the external power supply interface 8 73, the output terminal connected to the energy storage module 2, and the power supply terminal connected to the load simulation module 1. In the default state, the external power supply interface 8 73 has no input, and the path management unit 71 connects the energy storage module 2 to the power supply terminal of the load simulation module 1, at which point the energy storage module 2 supplies power to the load simulation module 1. When the external power supply 8 is connected to the external power supply interface 8 73, the path management unit 71 detects this event and immediately performs a switching operation: disconnecting the path from the energy storage module 2 to the power supply terminal of the load simulation module 1, and simultaneously connecting the external power supply interface 8 73 to the power supply terminal of the load simulation module 1. This operation completes a seamless power supply switch, and the power supply to the load simulation module 1 is immediately switched to the external power supply 8. At the same time, the emergency charging unit 72, which operates in parallel with the path management unit 71, begins operation. The power from the external power source 8 is directly supplied to the input terminal of the emergency charging unit 72 through the external power source 8 interface 73. The internal circuitry of the emergency charging unit 72 performs necessary voltage conversion and current limiting on the power, and then outputs power that meets the charging requirements of the energy storage module 2 from the output terminal of the emergency charging unit 72, thereby charging the energy storage module 2. Through the above division of labor, the path management unit 71 ensures the continuity and priority of the system power supply, while the emergency charging unit 72 is responsible for supplementing the energy input.

[0066] Furthermore, in order to achieve power switching between external power supply 8 and energy storage module 2, refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the emergency power supply module 7 of the third embodiment of the self-charging DC electronic load circuit proposed in this application. In this embodiment, the path management unit 71 includes: a MOSFET Q1, a first resistor R1, a second capacitor C2, a second diode D2, and a third diode D3; The source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the load simulation module 1 and the anode of the second diode D2, respectively. The gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the external power supply interface 73 and the anode of the third diode D3, respectively. The drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the energy storage module 2, the cathode of the second diode D2, the first terminal of the first resistor R1, and the first terminal of the second capacitor C2, respectively. The cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the energy storage module 2, the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the second end of the second capacitor C2, and the second end of the first resistor R1 is also grounded.

[0067] It should be noted that the MOSFET Q1 can be a three-terminal semiconductor device that controls the current flow between the source and drain using the gate voltage, and is used here as a controlled electronic switch. For example, a P-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET.

[0068] The first resistor R1 can be a two-terminal passive component that resists current, used to limit current or form a time-constant circuit with a capacitor. For example, a thick-film resistor with a fixed resistance value.

[0069] The second capacitor C2 can be a two-terminal passive component capable of storing charge (electrical energy), used for filtering, energy storage, or forming a time-constant circuit with a resistor. For example, a ceramic capacitor.

[0070] Both the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 are semiconductor devices with unidirectional conductivity. For example, silicon switching diodes (such as 1N4007) or Schottky diodes (such as SS24).

[0071] In the specific implementation, under normal conditions, the external power supply interface 73 is not connected to the external power supply 8. At this time, the gate of MOSFET Q1 is pulled down to ground potential through the first resistor R1, and is in a low-level state. This turns on MOSFET Q1, and the anode of the energy storage module 2 is connected to the power supply terminal of the load simulation module 1 through the turned-on MOSFET Q1 (from drain to source), thus the energy storage module 2 supplies power to the load simulation module 1. The second diode D2 is in a reverse cutoff state in this state. When the external power supply 8 is connected to the external power supply interface 73, the voltage of the external power supply 8 is simultaneously applied to the gate of MOSFET Q1 and the anode of the third diode D3. The high voltage applied to the gate of MOSFET Q1 causes MOSFET Q1 to turn off quickly, cutting off the power supply path from the energy storage module 2 to the load simulation module 1. At the same time, the voltage of the external power supply 8 directly reaches the power supply terminal of the load simulation module 1 through the turned-on third diode D3 (from anode to cathode), supplying power to the load simulation module 1. The third diode D3 prevents current from flowing back from the load simulation module 1 to the external power supply. The first resistor R1 is used to discharge the charge on the capacitor at the input port of the external power supply 8 when the external power supply 8 is disconnected, so that the gate of the MOSFET Q1 remains at a low level to maintain the conduction of the MOSFET Q1; the second capacitor C2 is the output filter capacitor of the path management unit 71, which is used to stabilize the output voltage of the path management unit 71 and prevent sudden changes in output voltage from affecting the operation of the subsequent circuits. This causes the gate voltage of the MOSFET Q1 to be quickly pulled low, the MOSFET Q1 to be turned on again, and the system returns to being powered by the energy storage module 2.

[0072] Furthermore, in order to charge the energy storage module 2 when connected to an external power source 8, the following steps are continued... Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the emergency power supply module 7 includes: a charging chip U1, an inductor L, a second resistor R2, a third capacitor C3, and a fourth capacitor C4; The external connection terminal of the charging chip U1 is connected to the external power supply interface 73 of the external power supply 8. The first power supply terminal of the charging chip U1 is connected to the first terminal of the inductor L. The second power supply terminal of the charging chip U1 is connected to the energy storage module 2. The charging auxiliary terminal of the charging chip U1 is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor R2 and the first terminal of the third capacitor C3 respectively. The second terminal of the inductor L is connected to the energy storage module 2, the second terminal of the second resistor R2, and the first terminal of the fourth capacitor C4, respectively. The second terminals of the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 are both grounded.

[0073] It should be noted that the charging chip U1 can be an integrated circuit specifically designed to manage the battery charging process, typically integrating power switches, control logic, and protection circuits. For example, lithium battery charging management chips with model numbers IP2312 or TP4056 can provide constant current and constant voltage charging control.

[0074] An inductor L can be a two-terminal passive component that stores electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field, used for energy transfer and filtering in switching power supply circuits. For example, a power inductor L, the value of which is determined by the charging current and the switching frequency.

[0075] The second resistor R2 functions similarly to the first resistor R1. It can be a resistor element used to limit current or set circuit parameters. In this embodiment, the second resistor R2 and the third capacitor C3 form a first-order RC low-pass filter circuit, which is used to sample and provide feedback on the battery voltage of U1.

[0076] Both the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 are passive components capable of storing charge, and in this embodiment, they are mainly used for power supply filtering and signal decoupling. For example, they are multilayer ceramic capacitors.

[0077] In the specific implementation, the electrical energy provided by the external power supply 8 is directly input to the power supply input terminal (external connection terminal) of the charging chip U1 through the external power supply 8 interface 73. The control circuit inside the charging chip U1 starts working, driving its internal power switching transistor to switch at high speed. When the internal switch is on, current flows out from the power supply terminal of the charging chip U1, through the inductor L, to the energy storage module 2, and stores magnetic field energy for the inductor L itself. At this time, the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 play the role of stabilizing the voltage at the terminal of the energy storage module 2. When the internal switch is off, the magnetic field energy stored in the inductor L will continue to release current to the energy storage module 2 through the freewheeling path (usually through the freewheeling transistor inside or outside the chip), thereby maintaining the continuity of the charging current. The second resistor R2 is connected to a specific pin of the charging chip U1 (charging auxiliary terminal, such as ISET), used to set the magnitude of the charging current, and its resistance value is inversely proportional to the charging current. The third capacitor C3 is connected between the same pin and ground, used to filter out noise interference at this node and ensure the stability of the charging current setting. Through the intelligent control of the charging chip U1, the circuit can first charge the energy storage module 2 quickly with a constant current. When the voltage of the energy storage module 2 approaches the set value, it automatically switches to a constant voltage charging mode until charging is complete, thereby achieving safe and efficient charging of the energy storage module 2.

[0078] To achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a self-charging DC electronic load, which includes the self-charging DC electronic load circuit described above.

[0079] It should be noted that the specific implementation methods of the self-charging DC electronic load provided in this embodiment can all refer to the above embodiments, and this embodiment will not elaborate on them. Therefore, the effects achieved by the self-charging DC electronic load in this embodiment can also refer to the above embodiments, and this embodiment will not elaborate on them either.

[0080] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A self-charging DC electronic load circuit, characterized in that, The circuit includes: a load simulation module, an energy storage module, and a charging management module; The input terminal of the load simulation module is connected to the power supply under test and is used to consume the electrical energy output by the power supply under test. The energy storage module is connected to the load simulation module and is used to supply power to the load simulation module; The charging management module is connected to both the power supply under test and the energy storage module, and is used to obtain electrical energy from the power supply under test and charge the energy storage module when the load simulation module is working.

2. The circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The charging management module includes: an anti-backflow unit and a DC-DC converter unit; The backflow prevention unit is disposed between the power supply under test and the DC-DC converter unit, or the backflow prevention unit is disposed between the DC-DC converter unit and the energy storage module; The backflow prevention unit is used to prevent backflow of electrical energy from the DC-DC converter to the power supply under test, or to prevent backflow of electrical energy from the energy storage module to the DC-DC converter. The DC-DC converter is used to convert the electrical energy into voltage and transmit the converted electrical energy to the energy storage module for charging.

3. The circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The backflow prevention unit includes: a first diode and a first capacitor; The anode of the first diode is connected to the power supply under test, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor and the DC-DC converter, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded. or, The anode of the first diode is connected to the DC-DC converter unit, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor and the energy storage module, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded.

4. The circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit also includes: Control module; The control module is connected to the load simulation module and the charging management module respectively, and is used to send power consumption signals to the load simulation module and charging control signals to the charging management module. The load simulation module is also used to consume the electrical energy output by the power supply under test according to the power consumption signal; The charging management module is connected and is also used to charge the energy storage module according to the charging control signal.

5. The circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit also includes: Sampling module; The sampling terminal of the sampling module is connected to the path between the power supply under test and the load simulation module, and the output terminal of the sampling module is connected to the control module. The sampling module is used to collect electrical energy parameters on the path and transmit the electrical energy parameters to the control module; The control module is also used to generate the power consumption signal and the charging control signal based on the power parameters.

6. The circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit also includes: an emergency power supply module; The emergency power supply module is equipped with an external power interface, and the emergency power supply module is connected to the energy storage module and the load simulation module respectively. The emergency power supply module is used to supply power to the load simulation module and charge the energy storage module when an external power source is connected to the external power interface.

7. The circuit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The emergency power supply module includes: a path management unit and an emergency charging unit; The path management unit is connected to the external power interface, the energy storage module and the load simulation module respectively, and is used to switch the energy storage module to the external power supply to power the load simulation module, or to switch the external power supply to the energy storage module to power the load simulation module. The input terminal of the emergency charging unit is connected to the external power interface, and the output terminal is connected to the energy storage module, for charging the energy storage module through the external power source.

8. The circuit as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The path management unit includes: a MOSFET, a first resistor, a second capacitor, a second diode, and a third diode; The source of the MOS transistor is connected to the load simulation module and the anode of the second diode, the gate of the MOS transistor is connected to the external power interface and the anode of the third diode, and the drain of the MOS transistor is connected to the energy storage module, the cathode of the second diode, the first terminal of the first resistor, and the first terminal of the second capacitor. The cathode of the third diode is connected to the energy storage module, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the second end of the second capacitor, and the second end of the first resistor is also grounded.

9. The circuit as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The emergency power supply module includes: a charging chip, an inductor, a second resistor, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor; The external connection terminal of the charging chip is connected to the external power interface, the first power supply terminal of the charging chip is connected to the first terminal of the inductor, the second power supply terminal of the charging chip is connected to the energy storage module, and the charging auxiliary terminal of the charging chip is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor and the first terminal of the third capacitor, respectively. The second terminal of the inductor is connected to the energy storage module, the second terminal of the second resistor, and the first terminal of the fourth capacitor, respectively. The second terminals of the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor are both grounded.

10. A self-charging DC electronic load, characterized in that, The self-charging DC electronic load includes the self-charging DC electronic load circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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