Vibrating wire acquisition instrument based on broadband excitation voltage self-adaption and pre-station control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering monitoring and measurement and control, in particular to a vibrating wire acquisition instrument based on broadband excitation voltage self-adaption and a pre-station control method. The acquisition instrument comprises a main control unit, an excitation voltage regulation module, a frequency sweep control module, a response detection module, a sensor adaptive learning module, an edge calculation module, a communication module, an off-network protection and storage module and a low-power-consumption power management module. The core of the invention lies in that through a sensor adaptive learning module, an acquisition instrument is controlled to carry out frequency sweep excitation on a vibrating wire sensor under multiple excitation voltage gears, and an optimal excitation voltage and an optimal response frequency are automatically decided based on a signal quality evaluation criterion and are solidified into exclusive working parameters of the sensor; according to the method, self-adaptive accurate measurement for sensors of different models and states is realized, the universality, the measurement reliability and the long-term stability of the system are remarkably improved, and the method is particularly suitable for long-term unattended monitoring in a field severe environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering monitoring and measurement and control technology, and in particular to a vibrating wire acquisition instrument and a pre-station control method based on broadband excitation voltage adaptive. Background Technology

[0002] Vibrating wire sensors, due to their advantages such as simple structure, high long-term stability, strong anti-interference ability, and suitability for harsh environments, have been widely used in fields such as geotechnical engineering monitoring, hydraulic structure safety monitoring, geological disaster early warning, and transportation infrastructure health monitoring. Their basic working principle is as follows: an excitation coil causes a steel string to resonate and vibrate. The vibration frequency corresponds to the measured physical quantity (such as stress, strain, pressure, etc.), and the acquisition system reflects the change in the measured quantity by measuring the resonant frequency.

[0003] However, existing vibrating wire signal acquisition instruments typically employ fixed-frequency or single-amplitude excitation methods, with pre-set excitation voltage and sweep step parameters. These cannot be adaptively adjusted based on the characteristics of sensors of different models, aging states, or environmental conditions. This fixed-parameter approach has the following drawbacks: the electrical characteristics (coil impedance, sensitivity, etc.) of different sensors vary significantly; a fixed excitation voltage may result in some sensors having low response amplitudes and poor signal-to-noise ratios; while excessively high voltage can easily cause coil overheating, increased energy consumption, and even signal distortion.

[0004] Traditional frequency sweeping methods perform equal-step scanning within a wide frequency range of 700Hz to 4000Hz, which cannot adaptively optimize the stepping according to the real-time response trend, resulting in long frequency sweeping time and high power consumption.

[0005] Most systems only use "maximum amplitude" as the criterion for determining the resonant point, without establishing clear signal quality evaluation criteria, making it difficult to objectively measure the quality of excitation parameters;

[0006] Vibrating wire sensors are affected by temperature, humidity and aging, and their resonance characteristics drift over time. Existing acquisition instruments lack a mechanism for evaluating frequency stability and self-updating.

[0007] To address these issues, we propose a vibrating wire acquisition instrument and pre-station control method based on broadband excitation voltage adaptation. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the background technology by proposing a vibrating wire acquisition instrument and a pre-station control method based on broadband excitation voltage adaptive.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vibrating wire acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptive, comprising:

[0010] The main control unit is used to perform vibrating string excitation control, data acquisition and scheduling, and data processing.

[0011] The excitation voltage adjustment module is electrically connected to the main control unit and is used to output an adjustable excitation voltage signal according to set parameters.

[0012] The frequency sweep control module is used to perform frequency sweep excitation on the vibrating wire sensor within a settable frequency range of 700Hz to 4000Hz in order to search for the resonant point;

[0013] The response detection module is used to monitor the response amplitude of the vibrating wire sensor in real time and lock the corresponding excitation frequency when the peak amplitude is detected.

[0014] A sensor adaptive learning module, connected to the main control unit, is used to execute the following process:

[0015] The excitation voltage adjustment module is controlled to perform frequency sweep excitation on the connected vibrating wire sensor at multiple voltage levels;

[0016] The response detection module collects and analyzes the frequency response signals of the sensors under each voltage, and automatically selects an optimal excitation voltage from the multiple voltage levels based on the signal quality evaluation criteria.

[0017] The optimal excitation voltage and the optimal response frequency identified at that voltage are associated and stored as the sensor's specific operating parameters;

[0018] The edge computing module is used to perform local real-time data preprocessing on the acquired vibrating wire signals;

[0019] The communication module is used to upload the processed data to the monitoring platform;

[0020] The network outage protection and storage module is used to cache data when communication is interrupted and automatically send it back after communication is restored;

[0021] A low-power power management module is used to provide power to the system and manage power consumption;

[0022] The protective housing structure provides sealing and protection for the internal modules, and all external interfaces of the protective housing structure are integrated with independent lightning surge protection circuits.

[0023] Preferably, the excitation voltage output by the excitation voltage adjustment module is a discrete voltage level, including 5V, 12V, 18V and 24V levels; and, during the frequency sweep process, the sensor adaptive learning module is also used to calculate the amplitude change rate of the vibrating wire response signal in real time, and adaptively adjust the frequency sweep step interval and excitation voltage according to the change trend, so that the vibrating wire sensor tends to the maximum response vibration state.

[0024] Preferably, the signal quality evaluation criterion is to select the voltage level that maximizes the amplitude of the sensor response signal as the optimal excitation voltage.

[0025] Preferably, the excitation voltage adjustment module supports two excitation voltage level switching methods: local manual setting and cloud remote configuration. The edge computing module is also used to generate a frequency stability evaluation value after the vibrating string signal is successfully identified.

[0026] Preferably, the communication and storage module supports Wi-Fi, LoRa, 4G / 5G, NB-IoT and RS485 communication methods, and supports remote recall and firmware upgrade.

[0027] Preferably, the cache capacity of the network outage protection and storage module is no less than 500,000 entries.

[0028] The pre-station control method for a vibrating wire data acquisition instrument based on broadband excitation voltage adaptive control includes the following steps:

[0029] Sensor adaptive learning phase:

[0030] The data acquisition device is controlled to sequentially perform frequency sweep excitation on the vibrating wire sensor at at least two different excitation voltage levels and acquire the corresponding response signals; the response signals obtained under different excitation voltages are analyzed and compared, and an optimal excitation voltage is determined from the at least two voltage levels according to a predetermined signal quality evaluation criterion, and the optimal response frequency of the sensor under the optimal voltage is determined; the optimal excitation voltage and the optimal response frequency are bound together and written into the non-volatile memory of the data acquisition device as fixed operating parameters for subsequent periodic data acquisition;

[0031] Periodic data collection phase:

[0032] Based on the fixed operating parameters, the vibrating wire sensor is excited and signals are acquired; the acquired signals are preprocessed through edge computing to obtain the vibrating wire frequency value; the vibrating wire frequency value is stored and uploaded.

[0033] Preferably, the frequency sweeping process in the sensor adaptive learning phase further includes an amplitude monitoring and adaptive adjustment step: real-time monitoring of the changing trend of the response amplitude, and dynamic adjustment of the frequency sweeping step interval and excitation voltage based on the trend, wherein at least two different excitation voltage levels are applied sequentially in order of voltage value from low to high and from high to low.

[0034] Preferably, in the amplitude monitoring and adaptive adjustment step, the adjustment of the excitation voltage is determined based on a combination of the vibrating wire response amplitude and the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0035] Preferably, after the parameter solidification and application stage, there is also a long-term monitoring and parameter update stage: continuously and periodically monitoring the quality of the response signal, and automatically re-executing the sensor adaptive learning stage when the quality index is lower than a preset threshold, in order to find and update to new optimal working parameters.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] This invention can output multiple discrete voltage levels (such as 5V, 12V, 18V, 24V) through the excitation voltage adjustment module of the acquisition instrument. The sensor adaptive learning module performs frequency sweep excitation under different voltages and automatically selects the optimal voltage based on the signal quality evaluation criteria, thereby realizing self-matching excitation for different models or states of sensors, improving the system's versatility and measurement accuracy.

[0038] During the frequency sweep process, the system calculates the amplitude change rate of the response signal in real time and dynamically adjusts the frequency sweep step interval according to the change trend, so that the step is automatically reduced when the search process approaches the resonance range, thereby improving the resonance point locking accuracy and reducing energy consumption.

[0039] This invention defines a quantitative signal quality evaluation criterion, selects the excitation voltage based on maximizing the response amplitude and optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio, and generates a frequency stability evaluation value in the edge computing module to realize self-inspection and early warning of sensor performance changes during long-term operation;

[0040] After completing adaptive learning, the data acquisition instrument will solidify the optimal excitation voltage and corresponding resonant frequency into the sensor's exclusive operating parameters, and continuously evaluate the signal quality during subsequent monitoring. When the performance degrades, it will automatically re-execute the learning phase to achieve long-term self-correction.

[0041] This invention integrates a lightning surge protection circuit at the interface of the protective shell. The communication and storage module supports multiple communication standards such as Wi-Fi, LoRa, 4G / 5G, NB-IoT, and RS485, and has the functions of network outage caching and automatic backhaul to ensure the continuity and security of data transmission in complex field environments.

[0042] The edge computing module performs frequency extraction and preliminary data processing locally, reducing the computing burden on the cloud; the low-power power management module enables on-demand wake-up and sleep control of the system, significantly extending the lifespan of the equipment and making it suitable for unattended long-term monitoring applications. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the vibrating wire data acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptive proposed in this invention adopts a modular design and is integrated into a protective housing. The housing meets the IP67 protection level, ensuring good dust and water resistance in harsh outdoor environments. External interfaces such as sensor interfaces and communication interfaces have built-in independent lightning surge protection circuits to prevent damage from lightning strikes in the field, effectively improving the reliability and lifespan of the equipment.

[0048] The core internal modules of this vibrating wire data acquisition instrument include:

[0049] Main control unit: Employs an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller and is equipped with a real-time operating system (RTOS) to ensure the accuracy of multi-task scheduling and timing control. Utilizing its high-performance computing capabilities and real-time performance, it is responsible for coordinating all modules, executing vibrating string excitation control, data acquisition and scheduling, and data processing such as frequency calculation and temperature compensation.

[0050] Excitation voltage adjustment module: Electrically connected to the main control unit, it can output multiple discrete voltage levels, such as including but not limited to 5V, 12V, 18V and 24V. The adjustable output is achieved through a digital potentiometer and a high-efficiency DC-DC switching power supply circuit, providing the most suitable excitation energy for different vibrating wire sensors. The output accuracy error of each level is no higher than ±2%, and it provides overcurrent protection for the sensor interface to prevent damage to the equipment due to sensor short circuit.

[0051] Frequency sweep control module: Based on DDS direct digital frequency synthesis technology, it can generate high-precision and high-stability frequency signals. It can generate settable sweep signals in the range of 700Hz to 4000Hz, with adjustable step interval: 1Hz by default. The phase of the sweep process is continuous, avoiding the impact of signal abrupt changes on the sensor.

[0052] Response detection module: Includes a high-precision ADC analog-to-digital converter and signal conditioning circuitry, capable of sensitively capturing weak sensor responses, monitoring the response amplitude of the vibrating wire sensor in real time, and locking the resonant frequency through an efficient peak detection algorithm. The amplitude change rate formula is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Parameter description:

[0055] A(f n ): Frequency point f n The sensor response amplitude;

[0056] R n : The rate of change of amplitude at adjacent frequency points;

[0057] N: Total number of sweep steps.

[0058] Adaptive step logic:

[0059]

[0060] Parameter description:

[0061] Δf min Minimum step size (e.g., 0.5Hz) is used to accurately capture peak values;

[0062] Δf default : Default sweep frequency step (e.g., 2Hz);

[0063] R threshold : Amplitude change rate threshold, used to determine proximity to the resonance point.

[0064] Sensor Adaptive Learning Module: Its core algorithm initializes the frequency sweep strategy by querying a pre-stored expert parameter library (such as typical response characteristics of different sensor models), thereby improving learning efficiency. This module executes an adaptive learning process, automatically optimizing excitation parameters based on the amplitude data A(f) acquired during frequency sweep. n ), calculate the signal quality assessment value QQQ:

[0065]

[0066] Parameter description:

[0067] max(A(f n ): Maximum response amplitude;

[0068] Amplitude mean;

[0069] ∈: A small constant to prevent the denominator from being zero;

[0070] Select the voltage with the largest amplitude as the optimal excitation voltage, and store the peak frequency.

[0071] Edge computing module: With a built-in DSP core, it not only performs FFT analysis and adaptive filtering on the acquired raw signals and calculates the vibrating string frequency locally, but also integrates a signal quality diagnostic algorithm. This algorithm generates a frequency stability assessment value and can identify signal anomalies caused by factors such as loose sensor installation or aging of the steel string, marking suspicious data. Its frequency stability assessment value is s. f :

[0072]

[0073] Parameter description:

[0074] f k : Frequency values ​​collected M times consecutively;

[0075] Average frequency;

[0076] s f The standard deviation of frequency stability reflects the reliability of the data.

[0077] Communication module: Supports multi-mode communication: Wi-Fi, LoRa, 4G / 5G, NB-IoT, RS485, and has network adaptive function. When the primary communication method (such as 4G) fails, it can automatically and seamlessly switch to the backup method (such as LoRa). It uses the 4G network to upload data by default, and supports remote recall (such as querying real-time status) and differential firmware upgrade to save upgrade traffic and time.

[0078] Network outage protection and storage module: Equipped with 8GB Flash memory, with a cache capacity of no less than 500,000 data entries, it adopts a circular storage and critical data priority protection strategy. It automatically caches data when communication is interrupted, and transmits it back according to priority after recovery, and generates a detailed network outage time and data recovery report for platform analysis.

[0079] Low-power power management module: It uses a combination of solar panels and lithium batteries for power supply, which is suitable for field scenarios without mains power supply; it supports sleep mode, and the system power consumption is less than 1mA when there is no data collection task, which significantly extends the device's battery life.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the pre-station control method for a vibrating wire data acquisition instrument based on broadband excitation voltage adaptive proposed in this invention includes the following steps:

[0082] Step 1: Sensor Adaptive Learning Phase (First Startup After Installation)

[0083] Triggering conditions: After the data acquisition device is installed, adaptive learning can be started by manually pressing a button or by remote platform command. To ensure the reliability of the learning process, the system will first perform a self-test to confirm that the sensor connection impedance is within the normal range before starting the learning process.

[0084] Frequency sweep excitation: The main control unit controls the excitation voltage adjustment module to sweep the frequency of the vibrating wire sensor sequentially with voltage levels of 5V, 12V, 18V, and 24V. The sweep sequence is from low to high (5V→24V) to avoid potential stress impact on the sensor that has not fully started to vibrate due to high voltage. The aim is to systematically explore the response characteristics of the sensor at different energy levels. At each voltage, the sensor is swept in 2Hz steps within the range of 700Hz to 4000Hz.

[0085] The response detection module collects the response amplitude at each frequency point in real time and records the rate of change of amplitude, i.e., the ratio of the amplitude difference between adjacent frequency points. This rate of change is an important basis for determining whether the resonant point is approaching. The amplitude change rate is used to determine:

[0086]

[0087] Adaptive adjustment:

[0088] During the frequency sweep, the sensor's adaptive learning module analyzes the amplitude change trend in real time. For example, at 12V, if a sudden increase in the amplitude change rate is detected (strongly indicating proximity to the resonant point), the module immediately and automatically reduces the sweep step to 0.5Hz to accurately capture the peak value. Simultaneously, if the overall amplitude is low at a certain voltage, the module may skip the current voltage level and directly switch to a higher voltage (e.g., 18V) to attempt to enhance the response, thereby improving learning efficiency. After the frequency sweep is complete, the signal quality is calculated.

[0089]

[0090] Optimal parameters for decision-making:

[0091] After the frequency sweep is completed, the module analyzes the data based on signal quality evaluation criteria (the core of which is selecting the voltage range with the largest response amplitude). In this example, the maximum response amplitude is compared at each voltage: 0.5mV at 5V, 1.2mV at 12V, 2.5mV at 18V, and 2.4mV at 24V. Therefore, the 18V range is selected as the optimal excitation voltage, corresponding to an optimal response frequency of 1250Hz.

[0092] The main control unit binds (excitation voltage: 18V, frequency: 1250Hz) and writes it into the non-volatile memory as the exclusive operating parameters of the sensor, thus completing the "personalized" configuration of the device.

[0093] Step 2: Periodic Data Collection Phase (Daily Operation)

[0094] Fixed parameter excitation: The data acquisition instrument excites the sensor based on the stored parameters (18V, 1250Hz) using an intermittent excitation method, that is, after emitting a sine wave for several cycles, it stops transmitting and enters a short "listening" window, which is specifically used to acquire the sensor's free decay vibration signal. This method can effectively reduce the crosstalk between the excitation signal and the response signal.

[0095] Signal Acquisition and Edge Processing:

[0096] The response detection module acquires the sensor's output signal, and the edge computing module performs local preprocessing: first, it applies a windowing function and digital bandpass filtering to suppress spectral leakage and noise; then, it calculates the frequency value using FFT; and finally, it uses time-domain analysis methods (such as zero-crossing detection) to cross-validate the results, ultimately obtaining a high-precision vibrating string frequency. Simultaneously, it calculates the frequency stability assessment value based on the vibrating string frequency f acquired m consecutively. k Calculate frequency stability S f :

[0097]

[0098] This assessment value can serve as a direct indicator of data reliability;

[0099] The processed data (including frequency values, stability assessment values, and timestamps) is compressed and tagged to prepare for transmission and storage optimization. If abnormal data is identified, a special alarm flag will be attached and its upload priority will be increased.

[0100] Data storage and uploading:

[0101] The communication module uploads data to the cloud monitoring platform via the 4G network. The upload interval is configurable (default 1 hour). The upload protocol uses the lightweight MQTT protocol and supports data encryption and device authentication to ensure data security and privacy.

[0102] If the network is interrupted, the network outage protection and storage module automatically caches the data (in this example, more than 500,000 records are cached) and sends them back in batches after the network is restored, forming a complete data protection closed loop. When the amount of cached data reaches 80% of the total capacity, the system will start a data enrichment strategy, which samples and stores low-priority data to extend the caching time to the extreme, while ensuring that critical data is not lost.

[0103] Low power management: During the data acquisition interval, the system enters sleep mode, and the power management module cuts off the power supply to unnecessary circuits, minimizing overall power consumption. This is the key to achieving long-term unattended monitoring.

[0104] Long-term monitoring and adaptive updates

[0105] Parameter update mechanism: During long-term operation, to cope with sensor performance drift or environmental changes, the edge computing module periodically (e.g., every 30 days) checks the quality of the response signal. If the signal amplitude drops by more than 30% (preset threshold), or the frequency stability evaluation value is abnormal, the system automatically re-triggers the sensor adaptive learning phase to find new optimal parameters (for example, due to sensor aging, the optimal voltage may become 24V), enabling the device to have long-term "self-optimization" capabilities.

[0106] Remote control: Engineers can remotely modify the excitation voltage level through the cloud platform, such as manually switching to 12V for testing, or adjusting the sweep frequency range to adapt to sensor changes.

[0107] The above specific embodiments are merely several preferred embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solutions of the present invention and the relevant teachings of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

[0108] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibrating wire acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptive, characterized in that, include: The main control unit is used to perform vibrating string excitation control, data acquisition and scheduling, and data processing. The excitation voltage adjustment module is electrically connected to the main control unit and is used to output an adjustable excitation voltage signal according to set parameters. The frequency sweep control module is used to perform frequency sweep excitation on the vibrating wire sensor within a settable frequency range of 700Hz to 4000Hz in order to search for the resonant point; The response detection module is used to monitor the response amplitude of the vibrating wire sensor in real time and lock the corresponding excitation frequency when the peak amplitude is detected. A sensor adaptive learning module, connected to the main control unit, is used to execute the following process: The excitation voltage adjustment module is controlled to perform frequency sweep excitation on the connected vibrating wire sensor at multiple voltage levels; The response detection module collects and analyzes the frequency response signals of the sensors under each voltage, and automatically selects an optimal excitation voltage from the multiple voltage levels based on the signal quality evaluation criteria. The optimal excitation voltage and the optimal response frequency identified at that voltage are associated and stored as the sensor's specific operating parameters; The edge computing module is used to perform local real-time data preprocessing on the acquired vibrating wire signals; The communication module is used to upload the processed data to the monitoring platform; The network outage protection and storage module is used to cache data when communication is interrupted and automatically send it back after communication is restored; A low-power power management module is used to provide power to the system and manage power consumption; The protective housing structure provides sealing and protection for the internal modules, and all external interfaces of the protective housing structure are integrated with independent lightning surge protection circuits.

2. The vibrating wire acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excitation voltage output by the excitation voltage adjustment module is a discrete voltage level, including 5V, 12V, 18V and 24V levels; and the sensor adaptive learning module is also used to calculate the amplitude change rate of the vibrating wire response signal in real time during the frequency sweep process, and adaptively adjust the frequency sweep step interval and excitation voltage according to the change trend, so that the vibrating wire sensor tends to the maximum response vibration state.

3. The vibrating wire acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal quality evaluation criterion is to select the voltage level that maximizes the amplitude of the sensor response signal as the optimal excitation voltage.

4. The vibrating wire acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excitation voltage adjustment module supports two excitation voltage level switching methods: local manual setting and cloud remote configuration. The edge computing module is also used to generate frequency stability evaluation values ​​after the vibrating string signal is successfully identified.

5. The vibrating wire acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication and storage module supports Wi-Fi, LoRa, 4G / 5G, NB-IoT and RS485 communication methods, and supports remote recall and firmware upgrade.

6. The vibrating wire acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cache capacity of the network outage protection and storage module shall not be less than 500,000 entries.

7. A pre-station control method for a vibrating wire data acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptive control, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Sensor adaptive learning phase: The data acquisition device is controlled to sequentially perform frequency sweep excitation on the vibrating wire sensor at at least two different excitation voltage levels and acquire the corresponding response signals; the response signals obtained under different excitation voltages are analyzed and compared, and an optimal excitation voltage is determined from the at least two voltage levels according to a predetermined signal quality evaluation criterion, and the optimal response frequency of the sensor under the optimal voltage is determined; the optimal excitation voltage and the optimal response frequency are bound together and written into the non-volatile memory of the data acquisition device as fixed operating parameters for subsequent periodic data acquisition; Periodic data collection phase: Based on the fixed operating parameters, the vibrating wire sensor is excited and signals are acquired; the acquired signals are preprocessed through edge computing to obtain the vibrating wire frequency value; the vibrating wire frequency value is stored and uploaded.

8. The pre-station control method for a vibrating wire data acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The frequency sweeping process in the sensor adaptive learning phase also includes amplitude monitoring and adaptive adjustment steps: real-time monitoring of the change trend of the response amplitude, and dynamic adjustment of the frequency sweeping step interval and excitation voltage based on the trend, and at least two different excitation voltage levels are applied sequentially in order of voltage value from low to high and from high to low.

9. The pre-station control method for a vibrating wire data acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptation according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the amplitude monitoring and adaptive adjustment step, the adjustment of the excitation voltage is determined based on the combined amplitude of the vibrating string response and the signal-to-noise ratio.

10. The pre-station control method for a vibrating wire data acquisition instrument based on wideband excitation voltage adaptation according to claim 7, characterized in that: Following the parameter solidification and application phase, there is also a long-term monitoring and parameter update phase: continuously and periodically monitoring the quality of the response signal, and automatically re-executing the sensor adaptive learning phase when the quality index is lower than a preset threshold, in order to find and update to new optimal working parameters.

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