Active power distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication and related equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, and discloses an active power distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication and related equipment, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the communication synchronization verification of a plurality of 5G base stations connected with the same core server; collecting current vector data through a current transformer at each end of the line, and transmitting the current vector data to a server through a 5G communication network; when it is detected that the transmitted current vector data are missing, interpolation compensation processing is adopted to obtain complete multi-terminal current data, then alternating current and direct current form conversion is carried out, multi-terminal current in an alternating current representation form is obtained, and a real-time current ratio is calculated; and dynamically optimizing a braking factor in the differential protection criterion according to the real-time current ratio, generating a self-adaptive differential protection expression, judging a fault area based on the self-adaptive differential protection expression, and triggering a protection action. Accurate judgment and rapid protection of the fault area of the active power distribution network can be realized, and the reliability and adaptability of differential protection of the active power distribution network are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power system technology, specifically to an active distribution network adaptive differential protection method and related equipment based on 5G communication. Background Technology

[0002] Driven by the "dual carbon" goals, the energy structure is undergoing profound changes, and the large-scale integration of renewable energy has become an inevitable trend. Distributed power sources are increasingly integrating into the distribution network in a widespread manner, accelerating the transformation of traditional passive distribution networks into active distribution networks. The integration of a large number of distributed power sources has fundamentally changed the operating characteristics of the distribution network. Active distribution networks exhibit complex characteristics such as diversified power sources, bidirectional power flow, and frequent changes in network topology. In traditional passive distribution networks, the power flow direction is singular and stable, and the fault current path is clear, allowing relay protection principles and devices designed based on this to effectively ensure grid safety. However, in active distribution networks, distributed power sources inject current into the fault point during a fault, making the magnitude and direction of the fault current difficult to predict. Traditional current protection and distance protection methods face challenges in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability. Differential protection, with its advantages of fast action and high selectivity, has attracted much attention in the field of active distribution network protection. However, the communication channels relied upon by traditional differential protection, such as fiber optic communication and wireless communication, have many limitations. While fiber optic communication boasts advantages such as high transmission rates and strong anti-interference capabilities, its deployment costs are exorbitant, and line construction and maintenance are challenging in complex geographical environments like power distribution networks. Wireless communication, on the other hand, offers flexible deployment, but its limited bandwidth and high transmission delays make it difficult to meet the stringent real-time and accuracy requirements of differential protection. In practical applications, communication problems frequently lead to maloperation or failure to operate of differential protection systems, seriously threatening the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

[0003] 5G communication technology, with its high speed, low latency, large capacity, and high reliability, has brought new hope to the differential protection of active distribution networks. Theoretically, 5G transmission rates can reach 10Gbps with latency as low as 1ms, enabling rapid interaction of massive real-time data and meeting the stringent communication requirements of active distribution network differential protection. However, in practical applications, 5G communication still faces many challenges. One key difficulty is the synchronization between 5G base stations. Clock deviations and signal transmission delays between different base stations can lead to asynchronous current data received by protection devices at different points, affecting the correct operation of differential protection. Furthermore, in complex electromagnetic environments and network congestion, data loss is inevitable during data transmission. If this is not handled promptly and effectively, the protection device will lose reliable decision-making basis. In addition, traditional differential protection criteria are designed based on specific operating conditions. In the context of variable power flow distribution and fluctuating output of distributed power sources in active distribution networks, their adaptability is severely insufficient, failing to accurately distinguish between faults within and outside the protection zone, thus reducing the reliability of the protection. Therefore, how to fully leverage the advantages of 5G communication, solve existing technical challenges, and develop adaptive differential protection methods suitable for active power distribution networks has become a key issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the power sector.

[0004] The preceding description is intended to provide general background information and does not necessarily constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an active distribution network adaptive differential protection method and related equipment based on 5G communication, which can accurately determine and quickly protect the fault area of ​​the active distribution network, and improve the reliability and adaptability of the active distribution network differential protection under complex power grid conditions.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication, including: Perform communication synchronization verification on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server; Current vector data is collected by current transformers at each end of the line, and the current vector data is transmitted to the server through a 5G communication network that has been synchronized and verified. When missing transmitted current vector data is detected, interpolation compensation is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data. The complete multi-terminal current data is converted from AC to DC to obtain the multi-terminal current in AC representation form, and the real-time current ratio used to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship is calculated based on the multi-terminal current in AC representation form. Based on the braking factor in the real-time current ratio dynamic optimization differential protection criterion, an adaptive differential protection expression is generated, and the fault area is determined and the protection action is triggered based on the adaptive differential protection expression.

[0007] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the communication synchronization verification of multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server includes: Each 5G base station periodically sends request messages to other 5G base stations and receives corresponding response messages. The core server calculates the clock offset between each base station based on the request and response messages; If the clock deviation exceeds a preset threshold, clock calibration is triggered to establish communication synchronization.

[0008] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the step of obtaining complete multi-terminal current data by interpolation compensation when missing transmitted current vector data is detected includes: The received current vector data sequence is subjected to continuity detection to locate missing data points; Extract the effective current vector values ​​and sampling time intervals on both sides of the missing data point to generate an interpolation function; The reconstructed current value is output through the interpolation function to replace the missing data points and form complete multi-terminal current data.

[0009] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the step of extracting the effective current vector values ​​and sampling time intervals on both sides adjacent to the missing data point and generating an interpolation function includes: Based on the effective current vector values ​​on the adjacent two sides, the interpolation function is constructed using a linear interpolation method. The parameters of the interpolation function are adjusted using the sampling time interval to match the actual sampling rate.

[0010] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the step of converting the complete multi-terminal current data into AC / DC representation to obtain multi-terminal current in AC representation, and calculating the real-time current ratio characterizing the multi-terminal power distribution relationship based on the multi-terminal current in AC representation, includes: The complete multi-terminal current data is input into the AC-DC conversion module, which outputs the amplitude, angular velocity, and initial phase angle of the AC form. Based on the amplitude and the initial phase angle, calculate the current amplitude ratio and phase angle difference between each pair of terminals; Based on the current amplitude ratio and the phase angle difference, a real-time current ratio is generated to characterize the power distribution relationship.

[0011] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the step of generating an adaptive differential protection expression based on the braking factor in the real-time current ratio dynamic optimization differential protection criterion includes: Extract the phase angle difference component from the real-time current ratio and input it into the braking factor optimization function; An adaptive braking factor that increases with the phase angle difference is dynamically generated using an exponential decay function. The adaptive braking factor is embedded into the differential protection criterion to construct an adaptive differential protection expression that includes a dynamic braking term.

[0012] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the step of determining the fault region and triggering the protection action based on the adaptive differential protection expression includes: When the adaptive differential protection expression is true, it is determined that a fault has occurred in the protected area, and the circuit breaker trips. When the adaptive differential protection expression is not true, it is determined that a fault has occurred outside the protection zone, and the blocking protection action is triggered.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an active power distribution network adaptive differential protection device based on 5G communication, comprising: The communication verification module is used to perform communication synchronization verification on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server. The data acquisition module is used to acquire current vector data through current transformers at each end of the line, and transmit the current vector data to the server through a 5G communication network that has been synchronized and verified. The data compensation module is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data by interpolation compensation when missing transmitted current vector data is detected. The current ratio calculation module is used to convert the complete multi-terminal current data into AC / DC form to obtain the multi-terminal current in AC form, and calculate the real-time current ratio based on the multi-terminal current in AC form to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship. The differential protection module is used to dynamically optimize the braking factor in the differential protection criterion based on the real-time current ratio, generate an adaptive differential protection expression, determine the fault area based on the adaptive differential protection expression, and trigger protection action.

[0014] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication as described in the first aspect.

[0015] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a storage medium storing a computer program capable of being loaded by a processor and executed as described in the first aspect: an active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication.

[0016] This application provides an active distribution network adaptive differential protection method and related equipment based on 5G communication. First, by performing communication synchronization verification on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server, the time consistency of data transmission from each base station can be ensured, avoiding current data time misalignment caused by base station clock deviations, thus establishing an accurate time reference for subsequent data processing. Next, current vector data is collected through current transformers at each end of the line and transmitted to the server via the synchronized 5G communication network. This is combined with 5G... Communication characteristics and prior synchronous verification enable efficient and timely transmission of current data, reducing the interference of data transmission delays on protection judgments. When missing current vector data is detected, interpolation compensation is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data, avoiding subsequent calculation distortions caused by incomplete data and ensuring the reliability of subsequent data processing. Subsequently, the complete multi-terminal current data is converted from AC to DC to obtain multi-terminal current in AC representation, and based on this, the real-time current ratio characterizing the multi-terminal power distribution relationship is calculated. The real-time current ratio accurately reflects the current power distribution state of the power grid, providing a basis for optimizing protection criteria to fit the operating conditions. Finally, the braking factor in the differential protection criterion is dynamically optimized based on the real-time current ratio, generating an adaptive differential protection expression, determining the fault area, and triggering protection actions. This allows the protection criteria to adapt to real-time power distribution changes in the power grid, enabling the adaptive expression to accurately distinguish between faults within and outside the fault area. Ultimately, this improves the accuracy and reliability of active distribution network differential protection, reduces the risk of false tripping and failure to trip, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is an application environment diagram of the active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the adaptive differential protection method for active distribution networks based on 5G communication provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of the adaptive differential protection method for active distribution networks based on 5G communication provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the configuration scheme on the faulty line BC in 5G provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an active power distribution network model containing photovoltaics provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a curve of current phase angle difference versus adaptive braking factor provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram comparing the solution provided in this application embodiment with traditional protection technologies; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the active power distribution network adaptive differential protection device based on 5G communication provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of systems and methods consistent with those detailed in the appended claims or with some aspects of this application.

[0020] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover descriptions such as non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, components, features, and elements with the same names in different embodiments of this application may have the same meaning or different meanings, the specific meaning of which must be determined by its interpretation in that specific embodiment or further in conjunction with the context of that specific embodiment.

[0021] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0022] In the following description, the use of suffixes such as "module," "part," or "unit" to denote elements is solely for the purpose of illustrative purposes and has no specific meaning in itself. Therefore, "module," "part," or "unit" may be used interchangeably.

[0023] To address the aforementioned technical problems and overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides an active distribution network adaptive differential protection method and related equipment based on 5G communication. This method can accurately determine and quickly protect fault areas in the active distribution network, thereby improving the reliability and adaptability of the active distribution network differential protection.

[0024] Figure 1 This is an application environment diagram of an active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication in one embodiment. (Refer to...) Figure 1 This 5G-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection method is applied to a 5G-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection system. The 5G-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection system includes a terminal 110 and a server 120. The terminal 110 and server 120 are connected via a network. The terminal 110 can be a desktop terminal or a mobile terminal, and the mobile terminal can be at least one of a mobile phone, tablet, or laptop. The server 120 can be a standalone server or a server cluster consisting of multiple servers. Server 120 is configured to execute the aforementioned 5G-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection method, including: performing communication synchronization verification on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server; collecting current vector data through current transformers at each end of the line and transmitting the current vector data to the server via the synchronized 5G communication network; when missing transmitted current vector data is detected, interpolation compensation is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data; converting the complete multi-terminal current data into AC / DC representation to obtain multi-terminal current in AC representation, and calculating the real-time current ratio based on the multi-terminal current in AC representation to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship; dynamically optimizing the braking factor in the differential protection criterion according to the real-time current ratio to generate an adaptive differential protection expression, and determining the fault area and triggering protection action based on the adaptive differential protection expression.

[0025] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication according to an embodiment of this application. This embodiment primarily uses the application of this 5G communication-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection method to computer equipment as an example for illustration. Specifically, the 5G communication-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection method provided in this embodiment may include the following steps: S1. Perform communication synchronization verification on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server; Specifically, for step S1, in an active power distribution network, the analysis of multi-terminal current data relies on a unified time base. If multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server have clock deviations, the subsequent transmitted current data will be out of sync, making it impossible to accurately determine the fault. Therefore, it is necessary to first perform communication synchronization verification on these 5G base stations, confirming whether the clocks of each base station are consistent through a specific method to ensure the time accuracy of subsequent data transmission.

[0026] S2. Collect current vector data through current transformers at each end of the line, and transmit the current vector data to the server through a 5G communication network that has been synchronously verified; Specifically, for step S2, each line (or key node of the line) in the active distribution network is equipped with current transformers at both ends or multiple ends. The core function of the current transformer is to collect current vector data at its location in real time, including key information such as the magnitude and direction of the current. This data is the basis for judging whether the distribution network is faulty. Since the communication synchronization verification of the 5G base station has been completed in the early stage, the collected current vector data will be transmitted to the core server through the synchronized 5G network to avoid data time misalignment due to communication asynchrony.

[0027] S3. When missing current vector data is detected, interpolation compensation is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data; Specifically, in step S3, during the transmission of current vector data, there may be instances of missing current data at certain times due to transient electromagnetic interference, brief 5G signal blockage, etc. For example, the current data at the 1A end of the line may not be successfully transmitted within a certain 10ms. When the server detects such missing data, it will perform interpolation compensation processing, using the effective current data adjacent to the missing data point, and supplement the missing part through mathematical calculations to finally form complete multi-terminal current data, thus avoiding the impact of data gaps on subsequent fault judgment.

[0028] S4. Perform AC / DC conversion on the complete multi-terminal current data to obtain the multi-terminal current in AC representation, and calculate the real-time current ratio to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship based on the multi-terminal current in AC representation. Specifically, for step S4, the complete multi-terminal current data obtained by the server may contain mixed AC and DC components or be presented only in DC-related form, which cannot directly reflect the AC operation characteristics of the active distribution network (the distribution network is actually mainly AC-operated). Therefore, it is necessary to perform AC / DC form conversion to convert the data into an AC representation form that includes parameters such as AC current amplitude and phase angle. Based on this AC form data, the real-time current ratio between different terminals is calculated. This ratio can intuitively reflect the power distribution relationship between multiple terminals. For example, the larger the current ratio, the higher the power proportion of the corresponding terminal.

[0029] S5. Based on the real-time current ratio, dynamically optimize the braking factor in the differential protection criterion, generate an adaptive differential protection expression, determine the fault area based on the adaptive differential protection expression, and trigger the protection action; Specifically, for step S5, the power distribution of the active distribution network will dynamically change with the output of distributed power sources (such as photovoltaic and wind power) and changes in user load. The traditional differential protection criterion with a fixed braking factor cannot adapt to this change. Therefore, the braking factor in the differential protection criterion is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time current ratio to match the current power distribution state, thereby generating an adaptive differential protection expression. The real-time current data is substituted into the expression. If the expression is true, a fault is determined to be within the protection zone, and protection action is triggered (such as circuit breaker tripping). If the expression is not true, a fault is determined to be outside the protection zone, and protection is not triggered or the blocking protection is triggered.

[0030] This embodiment ensures the consistency of the current data time base through 5G base station communication synchronization verification, and ensures the integrity of the data through current transformer acquisition, synchronous 5G network transmission and interpolation compensation. The AC / DC mode conversion and real-time current ratio calculation clarify the power allocation, and the dynamic optimization of the braking factor generates an adaptive expression to achieve accurate fault judgment and protection action. Ultimately, it improves the accuracy and reliability of active distribution network differential protection and ensures the safe operation of the power grid.

[0031] Furthermore, in some embodiments, step S1, "performing communication synchronization verification on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server," may specifically include: S11. Periodically send request messages to other 5G base stations through each 5G base station and receive corresponding response messages; Specifically, in step S11, each 5G base station connected to the same core server will proactively send request messages to all other 5G base stations within the same system at fixed time intervals (i.e., periodically). These request messages must carry key information about the base station, such as the time record of the sending moment and its own identifier, to inform the receiver of the sender's current time status. Other base stations receiving the request messages will immediately return corresponding response messages. These response messages also need to contain key information about the receiver, such as the time record of receiving the request and the time record of sending the response, to provide feedback on the receiver's time status to the sender. The core purpose of this periodic interaction is to continuously acquire time correlation data between different base stations, providing a raw basis for subsequent judgments on clock synchronization and preventing synchronization deviations that may occur during subsequent operation from being detected in a single verification.

[0032] S12. The core server calculates the clock offset between each base station based on the request and response messages; Specifically, in step S12, the core server centrally receives request messages and response messages sent by all base stations. First, it verifies the integrity of these messages, such as whether they contain complete time records and identification information, and whether any messages are lost or corrupted. Then, based on the time information recorded in the messages, it calculates the clock deviation between each pair of base stations. Clock deviation refers to the time difference between the clocks of different base stations. If the deviation is too large, it will cause subsequent transmitted current data to be unable to be accurately compared due to time asynchrony, thus affecting fault diagnosis. As the unified calculation entity, the core server can aggregate the interaction data of all base stations, ensuring that the clock deviation between each pair of base stations can be accurately calculated, avoiding errors or omissions caused by individual base stations calculating on their own.

[0033] S13. If the clock deviation exceeds the preset threshold, clock calibration is triggered to establish communication synchronization; Specifically, in step S13, the core server compares the calculated clock deviation between each pair of base stations with a pre-set clock deviation threshold (this threshold is determined based on the accuracy requirements of data synchronization for active power distribution network differential protection, ensuring that the calibrated data synchronization performance meets the subsequent current data transmission requirements). If the clock deviation of one or more pairs of base stations exceeds this threshold, it indicates that the clocks of these base stations are out of sync, and a clock calibration operation will be triggered immediately. The core of the calibration is to allow the base stations with excessive deviations to adjust their own clocks and move closer to the standard clock (such as the clock of the core server), gradually reducing the clock deviation. After calibration, the synchronization status will be verified again through logic until the clock deviation between all base stations does not exceed the preset threshold, and finally a stable communication synchronization is established.

[0034] This embodiment obtains time data through periodic interactive messages from base stations. The core server calculates the clock deviation and triggers calibration when the deviation exceeds the threshold. This effectively eliminates clock differences between multiple 5G base stations, establishes a stable communication synchronization state, provides a reliable time reference for the subsequent synchronous transmission of current vector data, and avoids data misalignment problems caused by clock asynchrony.

[0035] Furthermore, in some embodiments, step S3, "when missing transmitted current vector data is detected, interpolation compensation processing is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data," may specifically include: S31. Perform continuity detection on the received current vector data sequence to locate missing data points; Specifically, for step S31, the current vector data received by the server is a continuous sequence arranged in the order of sampling time. Each data corresponds to a fixed sampling time, reflecting the current state of the line at that time. Continuity detection is to check whether the sampling time of the data sequence is complete and whether there is any data breakage to determine whether there is any missing data. If it is found that the current vector data corresponding to a certain sampling time is not received or the data is invalid, the data position at that time is accurately determined, which is the missing data point. Locating the missing point is a prerequisite for subsequent compensation and can avoid incomplete compensation due to the omission of missing positions.

[0036] S32. Extract the effective current vector values ​​and sampling time intervals on both sides of the missing data points, and generate an interpolation function; Specifically, for step S32, the effective current vector values ​​on both sides refer to the most recent, complete and valid current vector data before and after the missing data point, that is, the current value at the previous normal sampling time and the current value at the next normal sampling time before the missing point; the sampling time interval is a fixed current sampling period (that is, the difference between the sampling times corresponding to two adjacent valid data); based on these two types of information extracted, a mathematical function (i.e., interpolation function) is constructed to calculate the missing data. This function needs to fit the changing trend of adjacent valid data to ensure that the calculated missing value conforms to the actual current change law.

[0037] S33. The reconstructed current value is output through the interpolation function to replace the missing data points and form complete multi-terminal current data; Specifically, for step S33, the sampling time of the missing data point is substituted into the generated interpolation function to calculate the current value corresponding to that time (i.e., the reconstructed current value). This value can simulate the real current state at the missing time. Then, the reconstructed current value is used to fill in the previously located missing data points, so that the original broken current vector data sequence is restored to continuity, and finally a multi-terminal current data covering all sampling times without gaps is formed. The complete data is the basis for subsequent analysis of the distribution network operation status and fault judgment.

[0038] This embodiment effectively supplements the missing current vector data during transmission by detecting and locating missing points in the current data, extracting adjacent valid data to generate interpolation functions, and filling the missing points with reconstructed values, thus forming complete multi-terminal current data and avoiding deviations in subsequent current analysis or fault judgment due to missing data.

[0039] Furthermore, in some embodiments, step S32, "extracting the effective current vector values ​​and sampling time intervals on both sides of the missing data point, and generating an interpolation function," may specifically include: S321. Based on the effective current vector values ​​on both sides, an interpolation function is constructed using linear interpolation. Specifically, for step S321, the effective current vector values ​​on both sides refer to the current value at the previous complete sampling time (denoted as the previous effective current value) and the current value at the next complete sampling time (denoted as the next effective current value) of the missing data point. These two values ​​reflect the actual trend of current change before and after the missing time. The linear interpolation method is based on the reasonable assumption that the current changes linearly between two adjacent effective times. By establishing a linear mathematical relationship between the current value and the sampling time, an interpolation function that can calculate the current value of the missing data point is constructed. This method is simple to calculate, efficient, and can be well adapted to the current change patterns under most stable operating scenarios in active distribution networks, ensuring the rationality of the reconstructed data.

[0040] S322. Adjust the parameters of the interpolation function using the sampling time interval to match the actual sampling rate; Specifically, for step S322, the sampling time interval refers to the time difference between two adjacent normal sampling moments set by the distribution network current sampling system, which directly determines the actual sampling rate of the current data sequence. Since the initial construction of the interpolation function relies solely on adjacent valid current values, if the parameters are not adjusted in conjunction with the sampling time interval, the calculated time coordinates of missing data points may not match the actual sampling moments. For example, if the actual sampling interval is 20ms, but the calculated current value is not an integer multiple of 20ms, it disrupts the temporal continuity of the data sequence. Therefore, the sampling time interval needs to be substituted into the interpolation function as a parameter, and the step size or coefficient of the time variable in the function needs to be adjusted to ensure that the current value output by the interpolation function corresponds exactly to the actual sampling moment of the missing data point, maintaining consistency with the overall data sequence sampling rate.

[0041] This embodiment constructs a function by combining adjacent effective current values ​​with linear interpolation, and then adjusts the parameters with the sampling time interval to match the actual sampling rate. This can quickly generate an accurate interpolation function that fits the actual current changes, ensuring that the reconstructed missing current values ​​not only conform to the current change trend before and after, but also are consistent with the sampling pattern of the overall data, providing reliable support for the subsequent analysis of complete current data.

[0042] Furthermore, in some embodiments, step S4, "converting the complete multi-terminal current data from AC to DC to obtain the multi-terminal current in AC representation, and calculating the real-time current ratio based on the multi-terminal current in AC representation to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship," may specifically include: S41. Input the complete multi-terminal current data into the AC-DC conversion module and output the amplitude, angular velocity and initial phase angle of the AC form; Specifically, for step S41, the complete multi-terminal current data acquired by the server is usually discrete data arranged according to sampling time or mixed data containing AC and DC components. However, active power distribution networks actually operate in AC mode, and this type of raw data cannot directly reflect the core characteristics of AC current (such as magnitude change, rate of change, and initial phase relationship). Therefore, it needs to be input into the AC-DC conversion module. The core function of this module is to separate the AC component in the data, extract and output the key parameters of the AC representation, namely amplitude (reflecting the maximum instantaneous value of AC current and determining the overall magnitude of the current), angular velocity (corresponding to the grid frequency and reflecting the rate of change of AC current), and initial phase angle (reflecting the phase position of AC current at the initial moment and determining the phase difference of current at different terminals). These parameters are the basis for subsequent analysis of current correlation.

[0043] S42. Based on the magnitude and initial phase angle, calculate the current magnitude ratio and phase angle difference between each pair of terminals; Specifically, for step S42, the amplitude directly determines the magnitude of the current at each terminal, and the initial phase angle determines the phase synchronization state of the current at each terminal. The combination of these two parameters reflects the relative relationship between the currents at multiple terminals: the current amplitude ratio is obtained by dividing the AC current amplitudes of any two terminals, used to quantify the proportion of the currents at both terminals; the phase angle difference is obtained by calculating the absolute difference of the initial phase angles of any two terminals, used to determine whether the phases of the currents at both terminals are synchronized. The smaller the phase angle difference, the more synchronized the phases, and the more stable the current transmission direction. These two parameters are crucial for subsequent judgments of power distribution relationships and need to be calculated one by one for all terminal-to-terminal combinations to ensure coverage of all relationships between multiple terminals.

[0044] S43. Generate a real-time current ratio to characterize the power distribution relationship based on the current amplitude ratio and phase angle difference; Specifically, for step S43, the power distribution in an active distribution network is determined by both the magnitude and phase of the current. The amplitude ratio reflects the proportion of power contribution from the current, while the phase angle difference reflects the direction of power transmission. For example, when the phase angle difference is 0°, power is transmitted stably in one direction; as the phase angle difference increases, power distribution may fluctuate. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the current amplitude ratio and the phase angle difference to generate a real-time current ratio through comprehensive calculation. This ratio not only includes the magnitude ratio but also implicitly contains the influence of phase on power, accurately characterizing the actual power distribution status between multiple terminals, such as which terminal is the main power output terminal and the power proportion of each terminal.

[0045] This embodiment extracts key parameters of AC current through AC-DC conversion, calculates the amplitude ratio and phase angle difference between multiple terminals, and finally generates a real-time current ratio that can accurately characterize the power distribution relationship, providing a core basis for subsequent dynamic optimization of differential protection criteria that fits the actual operating state of the power grid.

[0046] Furthermore, in some embodiments, step S5, "dynamically optimizing the braking factor in the differential protection criterion based on the real-time current ratio and generating an adaptive differential protection expression," may specifically include: S51. Extract the phase angle difference component from the real-time current ratio and input it into the braking factor optimization function; Specifically, for step S51, the real-time current ratio is a core parameter characterizing the power distribution relationship across multiple terminals in the distribution network. It contains two key pieces of information: the amplitude ratio and the phase angle difference component. The phase angle difference component directly reflects the degree of phase synchronization of the currents across multiple terminals, which is closely related to the fault state of the power grid and the stability of power flow. For example, during faults within the zone, the phase angle difference tends to increase abruptly, while during faults outside the zone, the phase angle difference remains relatively stable. Therefore, it is necessary to first separate the phase angle difference component from the real-time current ratio, i.e., to determine the phase difference between each pair of currents across multiple terminals. This component is then input into the braking factor optimization function. The core function of this function is to dynamically adjust the value of the braking factor based on changes in the input phase angle difference, ensuring that the braking factor matches the current phase state of the power grid, thus laying the foundation for subsequent optimization of protection criteria.

[0047] S52. An adaptive braking factor that increases with the phase angle difference is dynamically generated through an exponential decay function; Specifically, for step S52, the core function of the braking factor is to suppress protection maloperation during external faults and ensure sensitive protection operation during internal faults. Its value needs to match the phase angle difference variation. When the phase angle difference is small (e.g., during external faults or when the power grid is operating smoothly), the current phase synchronization is good, and excessive braking is unnecessary; therefore, the braking factor should be relatively small. When the phase angle difference increases (e.g., in the early stages of internal faults or during severe power fluctuations), the current phase deviation is significant, requiring enhanced braking to avoid protection misjudgment; therefore, the braking factor should increase accordingly. The exponential decay function has the characteristic that the larger the input value (phase angle difference), the more significantly the output value (braking factor) increases. This precisely meets the above requirements. By setting reasonable function parameters, the braking factor gradually increases exponentially as the phase angle difference increases from zero, ensuring both protection sensitivity with small phase angle differences and braking reliability with large phase angle differences. Ultimately, an adaptive braking factor that matches the phase angle difference in real time is generated.

[0048] S53. Embed the adaptive braking factor into the differential protection criterion to construct an adaptive differential protection expression that includes a dynamic braking term; Specifically, in step S53, the braking factors in traditional differential protection criteria are mostly fixed values, which cannot adapt to the dynamically changing phase angle difference of the power grid. For example, a fixed braking factor may cause maloperation due to insufficient braking when the phase angle difference increases. Therefore, the generated adaptive braking factor needs to replace the fixed braking factor in the traditional criteria, making the braking term in the criteria a dynamic braking term that changes dynamically with the phase angle difference. The final adaptive differential protection expression can adjust the braking intensity according to the real-time phase angle difference of the power grid, which not only meets the protection judgment requirements under different operating conditions but also avoids the limitations of the fixed braking factor.

[0049] This embodiment extracts the phase angle difference component, uses an exponential decay function to generate an adaptive braking factor and embeds it into the protection criterion, constructing an adaptive differential protection expression containing a dynamic braking term. This enables the protection criterion to adapt to the phase changes of the power grid in real time, effectively avoiding false tripping or failure to trip, and improving the operating condition adaptability of the differential protection.

[0050] Furthermore, in some embodiments, step S5, "determining the fault area based on the adaptive differential protection expression and triggering the protection action," may specifically include: S54. When the adaptive differential protection expression is true, it is determined that a fault has occurred in the protection zone and the circuit breaker trips. Specifically, for step S54, the adaptive differential protection expression is a fault judgment criterion constructed based on the real-time operating status of the power grid (such as current phase angle difference and power distribution). Its validity means that the actual collected and calculated current parameters (such as differential current and braking current) meet the fault judgment conditions set in the expression, indicating that the fault occurs within the preset protection zone (i.e., the distribution network line segment or node range monitored by the differential protection). Since faults within the protection zone will directly affect the safe operation of the power grid in that area and may even spread to other areas, it is necessary to immediately trigger the circuit breaker tripping action. By sending tripping commands to the circuit breakers at both ends of the line within the protection zone, the connection between the faulty line and other parts of the power grid is quickly cut off, preventing the fault from expanding and reducing equipment damage and power outage range.

[0051] S55. When the adaptive differential protection expression is not true, it is determined that a fault has occurred outside the protection zone, and the blocking protection action is triggered. Specifically, in step S55, the adaptive differential protection expression is not valid, indicating that the actual current parameters do not meet the fault judgment conditions. That is, the fault does not occur within the monitoring range of the protection, but is outside the protection zone (such as other lines adjacent to the protection zone or remote nodes). If a tripping action is triggered at this time, it will cause the non-faulty lines to be disconnected, resulting in unnecessary power outages (i.e., protection maloperation). Therefore, it is necessary to trigger the blocking protection action by sending a blocking command to the protection device to prohibit the protection device from outputting a tripping signal, ensuring that only the protection device in the faulty area operates, while the power grid in the non-faulty area remains in normal operation.

[0052] This embodiment can accurately distinguish whether a fault occurs inside or outside the protection zone by checking whether the adaptive differential protection expression is true, thereby correctly triggering tripping or blocking protection actions, effectively avoiding protection maloperation or failure to operate, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the distribution network during faults.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also provides another specific implementation of the active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication, and the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Perform mutual evaluation on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server to ensure base station communication synchronization.

[0054] The process for mutual evaluation of multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server is as follows: Assume a power distribution network contains N end nodes, each deploying one 5G base station (denoted as BS1~BSN), all base stations connected to the same core server. Each base station BSK (k=1,2,...,N) sends a request message to the remaining N-1 base stations in each cycle. The message includes a sending timestamp tsend, the base station ID, and a checksum. Upon receiving the request message from BSK, base station BSj (j≠k) immediately returns a response message containing a receiving timestamp trecv1 and a sending response timestamp tsend2. After receiving all response messages, the core server checks message integrity and calculates the clock skew. The clock skew calculation formula is: In the formula, trecv1 represents the receive timestamp of base station BSj receiving the message from base station BSK, tsend represents the send timestamp of base station BSj to base station BSK, trecv2 represents the timestamp of base station BSK receiving the response message from base station BSj, and tsend2 represents the send timestamp of base station BSj to base station BSK. If the message integrity rate between all pairs of base stations is greater than or equal to 99.9% and the clock deviation is less than or equal to 10μs, the base station synchronization is considered normal; otherwise, clock calibration is triggered.

[0055] The clock calibration method is as follows: when the clock deviation |Δtk-j| of a pair of base stations (such as BSj and BSK) is greater than or equal to 10μs, the core server sends a calibration command to the base station with the deviation exceeding the standard. Using the standard clock of the core server as the reference, after receiving the calibration command, the base station gradually converges its own clock deviation from the standard clock to less than or equal to 10μs. After calibration, the mutual evaluation mechanism is re-executed until the synchronization status of all base stations meets the requirements.

[0056] Step 2: Collect current vector data from each terminal using a current transformer, and transmit the current vector data to the server via a 5G communication network. If there is missing data, use interpolation to process the missing data to obtain complete current data from each terminal.

[0057] Within the same time T, the current data collected by the current transformers at each end can be expressed as follows: In the formula, This represents the current vector data at terminal j. This represents the current vector data at the t-th sampling time of terminal j.

[0058] If there are missing data in the current vector data, interpolation is used to represent the missing data, that is: In the formula, This represents the current vector data at the q-th sampling time of terminal j. Indicates the sampling interval.

[0059] Step 3: Using the complete current data from each terminal, convert it to AC to obtain the AC representation. Calculate the pairwise current ratios of the multiple terminals using the AC representations of the currents at each terminal.

[0060] The completed current data for each terminal is in the discrete-time domain and needs to be converted to AC form in the continuous-time domain. Fourier transform is used to extract the fundamental current component, and the expression for the converted AC form is as follows: In the formula, This represents the amplitude of the fundamental component of the current at terminal j. Indicates angular velocity, This represents the initial phase angle of the current at terminal j.

[0061] Using the alternating current configuration at each terminal, the pairwise current ratio can be calculated and expressed as: In the formula, This represents the ratio of the currents at terminals i and j.

[0062] Step 4: Establish current differential protection criteria and improve the braking factor in the criteria to obtain the improved adaptive differential protection expression.

[0063] The current differential protection criterion can be expressed as: In the formula, Represents the braking factor, satisfying: In the formula, This represents the phase angle difference between the i-end and the j-end.

[0064] The braking factor is improved, and the improved adaptive braking factor expression is obtained as follows: Based on the adaptive braking factor and the expressions for the current vectors on both sides, the differential protection criterion expression is obtained as follows: In the formula, This indicates the starting current.

[0065] If the above formula is true, it indicates that the fault is within the protected area and the protection system will activate; otherwise, it indicates that the fault is outside the protected area and the protection system will not activate.

[0066] The following will illustrate this with specific examples. Figure 4 This is a configuration scheme diagram for a faulty line BCD in 5G. By performing mutual evaluation on 5G base stations connected to the same server, the communication synchronization of the base stations is ensured. After synchronization is completed, current information is collected through current transformers CT1, CT2 and CT3 at each end. Figure 5 This is a model diagram of an active power distribution network including photovoltaic (PV) systems. The system capacity is 100MW, the starting current is 0.3kA, and the total PV capacity connected to the distribution network is assumed to be 20MW, meaning the PV capacity to system capacity ratio is 1:5. The braking factor is 0.6. When a fault occurs at point k, the curves showing the current phase angle difference between the system side and the DPV1 side versus the adaptive braking factor are shown below. Figure 6 As shown, it can be seen that when At that time, the improved adaptive braking factor takes a value of 0.6. At that time, the improved adaptive braking factor is less than 0.6, and as the phase angle difference between DPV1 and the system side increases, the adaptive braking factor decreases exponentially, thereby solving the problem that traditional differential protection fails to operate as the phase angle difference between the distributed power supply side and the system side increases. Figure 7 The comparison chart between the proposed protection and traditional protection methods shows that both methods meet the requirements. However, when the braking factor is 0.6, traditional protection does not meet the requirements. Therefore, they refused to act, and the protection they requested was satisfied. It can perform the correct actions.

[0067] In summary, the adaptive differential protection method for active distribution networks based on 5G communication provided in this embodiment solves the problem of maloperation caused by communication delays or asynchrony in traditional differential protection by introducing a 5G base station mutual evaluation mechanism. Real-time mutual verification of time synchronization status between base stations ensures the timeliness and consistency of current vector data transmission. The use of 5G network to transmit current data combined with interpolation compensation technology guarantees data integrity and effectively overcomes the inherent instability of wireless communication. The complete current data from each end is converted from DC / AC to AC representation, and the pairwise current ratio is calculated. Simultaneously, the braking factor in the current differential protection criterion is improved to obtain an adaptive differential protection expression that better suits the operating characteristics of active distribution networks. This allows the protection device to flexibly adjust the protection threshold according to actual operating conditions, improving the adaptability of active distribution network differential protection and enhancing the safety and stability of power grid operation.

[0068] It should be understood that, although Figure 2 The steps in the flowchart are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified in this document, there is no strict order in which these steps are executed, and they can be performed in other orders. Furthermore, Figure 2 At least some of the steps in the process may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but may be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0069] To facilitate better implementation of the 5G-based adaptive differential protection method for active distribution networks according to the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a 5G-based adaptive differential protection device for active distribution networks based on the aforementioned 5G-based adaptive differential protection method. The meanings of the terms used are the same as in the aforementioned 5G-based adaptive differential protection method for active distribution networks, and specific implementation details can be found in the descriptions within the method embodiments.

[0070] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an active distribution network adaptive differential protection device based on 5G communication provided in an embodiment of this application. Specifically, this active distribution network adaptive differential protection device based on 5G communication may include a communication verification module 201, a data acquisition module 202, a data compensation module 203, a current ratio calculation module 204, and a differential protection module 205, as follows: The communication verification module 201 is used to perform communication synchronization verification on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server. The data acquisition module 202 is used to acquire current vector data through the current transformers at each end of the line, and transmit the current vector data to the server through the 5G communication network after synchronization verification. The data compensation module 203 is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data by interpolation compensation when the missing transmitted current vector data is detected. The current ratio calculation module 204 is used to convert the complete multi-terminal current data into AC and DC forms to obtain the multi-terminal current in AC form, and calculate the real-time current ratio based on the multi-terminal current in AC form to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship. The differential protection module 205 is used to dynamically optimize the braking factor in the differential protection criterion based on the real-time current ratio, generate an adaptive differential protection expression, determine the fault area based on the adaptive differential protection expression, and trigger the protection action.

[0071] Specific limitations regarding the 5G communication-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection device can be found in the above-mentioned limitations of the 5G communication-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection method, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned 5G communication-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection device can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in hardware or independently of the processor in a computer device, or stored in software in the memory of a computer device, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0072] The 5G-based adaptive differential protection device for active distribution networks provided in this embodiment solves the problem of maloperation caused by communication delays or asynchrony in traditional differential protection by introducing a 5G base station mutual evaluation mechanism. Real-time mutual verification of time synchronization status between base stations ensures the timeliness and consistency of current vector data transmission. The use of 5G network to transmit current data, combined with interpolation compensation technology, guarantees data integrity and effectively overcomes the inherent instability of wireless communication. Complete current data from both sides is converted from DC / AC to AC representation, and the current ratio between the two sides is calculated. Simultaneously, the braking factor in the current differential protection criterion is improved to obtain an adaptive differential protection expression that better suits the operating characteristics of active distribution networks. This allows the protection device to flexibly adjust the protection threshold according to actual operating conditions, improving the adaptability of active distribution network differential protection and enhancing the safety and stability of power grid operation.

[0073] Furthermore, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, such as... Figure 9 As shown, it illustrates a structural schematic diagram of the electronic device involved in the embodiments of this application, specifically: The electronic device may include components such as a processor 301 with one or more processing cores, a memory 302 with one or more computer-readable storage media, a power supply 303, and an input unit 304. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 9 The electronic device structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements. Wherein: The processor 301 is the control center of the electronic device. It connects various parts of the electronic device via various interfaces and lines, and performs various functions and processes data by running or executing software programs and / or modules stored in the memory 302, and by calling data stored in the memory 302, thereby providing overall monitoring of the electronic device. Optionally, the processor 301 may include one or more processing cores; preferably, the processor 301 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 301.

[0074] The memory 302 can be used to store software programs and modules. The processor 301 executes various functional applications and an active power distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 302. The memory 302 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system, at least one application program required for a function (such as sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the electronic device, etc. In addition, the memory 302 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device. Accordingly, the memory 302 may also include a memory controller to provide the processor 301 with access to the memory 302.

[0075] The electronic device also includes a power supply 303 that supplies power to various components. Preferably, the power supply 303 can be logically connected to the processor 301 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. The power supply 303 may also include one or more DC or AC power supplies, recharging systems, power fault detection circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators, and other arbitrary components.

[0076] The electronic device may also include an input unit 304, which can be used to receive input digital or character information and generate keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical or trackball signal inputs related to user settings and function control.

[0077] Although not shown, the electronic device may also include a display unit, etc., which will not be described in detail here. Specifically, in this embodiment, the processor 301 in the electronic device loads the executable files corresponding to the processes of one or more applications into the memory 302 according to the following instructions, and the processor 301 runs the applications stored in the memory 302 to realize various functions, as follows: Communication synchronization verification is performed on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server; current vector data is collected through current transformers at each end of the line and transmitted to the server through the synchronized 5G communication network; when missing current vector data is detected, interpolation compensation is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data; AC / DC conversion is performed on the complete multi-terminal current data to obtain multi-terminal current in AC representation, and the real-time current ratio used to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship is calculated based on the multi-terminal current in AC representation; the braking factor in the differential protection criterion is dynamically optimized according to the real-time current ratio to generate an adaptive differential protection expression, and the fault area is determined and the protection action is triggered based on the adaptive differential protection expression.

[0078] For details on the implementation of each of the above operations, please refer to the previous examples, which will not be repeated here.

[0079] This application's embodiments address the malfunctions caused by communication delays or asynchrony in traditional differential protection by introducing a 5G base station mutual evaluation mechanism. Real-time mutual verification of time synchronization between base stations ensures the timeliness and consistency of current vector data transmission. The use of 5G network to transmit current data, combined with interpolation compensation technology, guarantees data integrity and effectively overcomes the inherent instability of wireless communication. Complete current data from both sides is converted from DC / AC to AC representation, and the current ratio is calculated. Simultaneously, the braking factor in the current differential protection criterion is improved, resulting in an adaptive differential protection expression that better suits the operating characteristics of active distribution networks. This allows the protection device to flexibly adjust the protection threshold according to actual operating conditions, enhancing the adaptability of active distribution network differential protection and improving the safety and stability of power grid operation.

[0080] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be performed by instructions, or by instructions controlling related hardware. These instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.

[0081] To this end, embodiments of this application provide a storage medium storing multiple instructions that can be loaded by a processor to execute steps in any of the 5G communication-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection methods provided in embodiments of this application. For example, the instructions can execute the following steps: Communication synchronization verification is performed on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server; current vector data is collected through current transformers at each end of the line and transmitted to the server through the synchronized 5G communication network; when missing current vector data is detected, interpolation compensation is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data; AC / DC conversion is performed on the complete multi-terminal current data to obtain multi-terminal current in AC representation, and the real-time current ratio used to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship is calculated based on the multi-terminal current in AC representation; the braking factor in the differential protection criterion is dynamically optimized according to the real-time current ratio to generate an adaptive differential protection expression, and the fault area is determined and the protection action is triggered based on the adaptive differential protection expression.

[0082] For details on the implementation of each of the above operations, please refer to the previous examples, which will not be repeated here.

[0083] The storage medium may include: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, etc.

[0084] Since the instructions stored in the storage medium can execute the steps in any of the 5G communication-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection methods provided in the embodiments of this application, the beneficial effects that any of the 5G communication-based active distribution network adaptive differential protection methods provided in the embodiments of this application can achieve can be realized. For details, please refer to the previous embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0085] The above provides a detailed description of an active distribution network adaptive differential protection method and related equipment based on 5G communication provided in the embodiments of this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication, characterized in that, include: Perform communication synchronization verification on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server; Current vector data is collected by current transformers at each end of the line, and the current vector data is transmitted to the server through a 5G communication network that has been synchronized and verified. When missing transmitted current vector data is detected, interpolation compensation is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data. The complete multi-terminal current data is converted from AC to DC to obtain the multi-terminal current in AC representation, and the real-time current ratio used to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship is calculated based on the multi-terminal current in AC representation. Based on the braking factor in the real-time current ratio dynamic optimization differential protection criterion, an adaptive differential protection expression is generated, and the fault area is determined and the protection action is triggered based on the adaptive differential protection expression.

2. The active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication synchronization verification of multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server includes: Each 5G base station periodically sends request messages to other 5G base stations and receives corresponding response messages. The core server calculates the clock offset between each base station based on the request and response messages; If the clock deviation exceeds a preset threshold, clock calibration is triggered to establish communication synchronization.

3. The active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, When missing transmitted current vector data is detected, interpolation compensation processing is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data, including: The received current vector data sequence is subjected to continuity detection to locate missing data points; Extract the effective current vector values ​​and sampling time intervals on both sides of the missing data point to generate an interpolation function; The reconstructed current value is output through the interpolation function to replace the missing data points and form complete multi-terminal current data.

4. The active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of extracting the effective current vector values ​​and sampling time intervals on both sides of the missing data point and generating an interpolation function includes: Based on the effective current vector values ​​on the adjacent two sides, the interpolation function is constructed using a linear interpolation method. The parameters of the interpolation function are adjusted using the sampling time interval to match the actual sampling rate.

5. The active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of converting the complete multi-terminal current data from AC to DC to obtain the multi-terminal current in AC representation, and calculating the real-time current ratio based on the multi-terminal current in AC representation to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship, includes: The complete multi-terminal current data is input into the AC-DC conversion module, which outputs the amplitude, angular velocity, and initial phase angle of the AC form. Based on the amplitude and the initial phase angle, calculate the current amplitude ratio and phase angle difference between each pair of terminals; Based on the current amplitude ratio and the phase angle difference, a real-time current ratio is generated to characterize the power distribution relationship.

6. The active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating an adaptive differential protection expression based on the braking factor in the real-time current ratio dynamic optimization differential protection criterion includes: Extract the phase angle difference component from the real-time current ratio and input it into the braking factor optimization function; An adaptive braking factor that increases with the phase angle difference is dynamically generated using an exponential decay function. The adaptive braking factor is embedded into the differential protection criterion to construct an adaptive differential protection expression that includes a dynamic braking term.

7. The active distribution network adaptive differential protection method based on 5G communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the fault area and triggering protection action based on the adaptive differential protection expression includes: When the adaptive differential protection expression is true, it is determined that a fault has occurred in the protected area, and the circuit breaker trips. When the adaptive differential protection expression is not true, it is determined that a fault has occurred outside the protection zone, and the blocking protection action is triggered.

8. An active power distribution network adaptive differential protection device based on 5G communication, characterized in that, include: The communication verification module is used to perform communication synchronization verification on multiple 5G base stations connected to the same core server. The data acquisition module is used to acquire current vector data through current transformers at each end of the line, and transmit the current vector data to the server through a 5G communication network that has been synchronized and verified. The data compensation module is used to obtain complete multi-terminal current data by interpolation compensation when missing transmitted current vector data is detected. The current ratio calculation module is used to convert the complete multi-terminal current data into AC / DC form to obtain the multi-terminal current in AC form, and calculate the real-time current ratio based on the multi-terminal current in AC form to characterize the multi-terminal power distribution relationship. The differential protection module is used to dynamically optimize the braking factor in the differential protection criterion based on the real-time current ratio, generate an adaptive differential protection expression, determine the fault area based on the adaptive differential protection expression, and trigger protection action.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the 5G communication-based adaptive differential protection method for active distribution networks as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that, The computer program is stored that can be loaded by a processor and executed as described in any one of claims 1-7, for the adaptive differential protection method for active distribution networks based on 5G communication.

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