Cooperative energy complementing system and method for electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in power grid and cooperative configuration system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a collaborative energy complementing system and method for electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in a power grid and a collaborative configuration system and method, and relates to the technical field of power system planning and operation. A collaborative energy complementing system for electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in a power grid complements energy according to a day, week and quarter time window decomposition component, an electrochemical energy storage matching day component and a pumped storage matching week and quarter component by calculating a residual power demand; according to the collaborative configuration system for electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in the power grid, an objective function for minimizing the total cost of the power grid is established, investment, operation, punishment and income items are introduced, a mixed integer linear programming algorithm and a GUROBI solver are used for solving under multiple constraints, and configuration is completed in combination with a peak insufficiency rate and a new energy consumption rate. Advantages of two types of energy storage complement each other, the new energy consumption rate and the power supply reliability are improved, the system cost is reduced, and the requirements of a high-proportion new energy power system are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system planning and operation technology, specifically to a coordinated energy replenishment system and method, and a coordinated configuration system and method for electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in a power grid. Background Technology

[0002] As the penetration rate of renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics in the power system continues to increase, the operating characteristics of the power system are undergoing profound changes, exhibiting significant volatility and intermittency. This makes it increasingly difficult to coordinate and optimize the power system among multiple objectives, such as ensuring reliable power supply, promoting full consumption of renewable energy, and reducing carbon emissions.

[0003] Electrochemical energy storage offers fast response, flexible installation, and adaptability to short-term high-frequency regulation. Its core purpose is to smooth out intraday fluctuations in renewable energy and fill short-term load spikes. While it is more expensive, it offers flexible dispatching. Pumped hydro storage boasts large capacity, long continuous discharge, and long lifespan. Its core purpose is long-term energy storage and ensuring sufficient power supply over extended periods. It has lower unit cost but relies on water resources and has a long construction cycle. Traditional grid planning and energy storage configuration methods often struggle to coordinate these complex objectives. On one hand, existing methods lack quantitative analysis of the supply-demand mismatch between renewable energy output and load demand at different time scales, making it impossible to accurately match the differentiated technological advantages of pumped hydro storage and electrochemical energy storage, resulting in inefficient resource allocation. On the other hand, optimization models typically fail to fully consider multi-dimensional factors such as investment and operating costs, system reliability, and renewable energy volatility, and also fail to effectively integrate the precise operating characteristics of electrochemical energy storage. This leads to discrepancies between optimization results and actual operational needs, leaving room for further optimization in power system configuration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a synergistic energy replenishment system for electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in power grids, comprising: The electricity surplus demand calculation module is used to subtract the power generation of a region from the power consumption of a region with a power supply-demand mismatch to obtain the electricity surplus demand of that region. The electricity surplus demand decomposition module is used to set multiple time windows with progressively increasing time spans, and to divide the electricity surplus demand into components for each time window using a moving average method. The power surplus demand replenishment module is used to match the components of the power surplus demand in each time window with electrochemical energy storage replenishment and pumped hydro energy replenishment based on the time span differences within each time window and the discharge characteristics of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro energy storage, and replenish the power surplus demand based on the matching results.

[0005] Furthermore, in the electricity surplus demand decomposition module, the time windows include: daily, weekly, and quarterly.

[0006] Furthermore, the electricity surplus demand decomposition module is specifically used for: Divide the year into Hours, during periods when electricity supply and demand are mismatched In the first Calculate the number of hours respectively. Hours ago Hours and after Hours Average residual electricity demand within one hour, the first Hours ago Hours and after Hours Average residual electricity demand over an hour. ; The power supply and demand mismatch area is in the first Hourly remaining electricity demand minus the total The first value is obtained by calculating the average remaining electricity demand over the next hour. The common The average remaining electricity demand over the past hour minus the total The second value is obtained by calculating the average remaining electricity demand over the next hour. The power supply and demand mismatch area is in the first The remaining electricity demand for the next few hours is subtracted from the first and second values ​​to obtain the third value. The ratio of the first value to the sum of the first, second, and third values ​​is used as the first coefficient, and the power supply and demand mismatch area is divided into the second... Multiplying the remaining electricity demand for one hour by the first coefficient yields the result for the second hour. The proportion of remaining electricity demand within the first time window; The ratio of the second value to the sum of the first, second, and third values ​​is used as the second coefficient, which is used to classify the power supply and demand mismatch area in the first... Multiplying the remaining electricity demand for one hour by the second coefficient yields the result. The proportion of remaining electricity demand in the second time window; The ratio of the third value to the sum of the first, second, and third values ​​is the third coefficient, which is used to classify the power supply and demand mismatch area in the first... Multiplying the remaining electricity demand for one hour by the third coefficient yields the result. The proportion of remaining electricity demand in the third time window; The time spans within the first, second, and third time windows increase sequentially.

[0007] A coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid, comprising: The objective function establishment module is used to calculate the total grid cost by subtracting the capacity tariff revenue and electricity tariff revenue of the pumped storage system from the sum of the equivalent annual investment cost of the power lines, the total equivalent annual investment cost of the pumped storage system and the electrochemical energy storage system, the annual operating cost of the grid, and the peak-shortage penalty cost. Based on this total grid cost, an objective function is established to minimize the total grid cost. Specifically, the equivalent annual investment cost of the power lines is obtained based on the length of the power lines, and the total equivalent annual investment cost of the pumped storage system and the electrochemical energy storage system is based on the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node, as well as the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of each node. The rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system are obtained. The annual operating cost of the power grid is obtained based on the total cost of new energy curtailment, the operating cost of thermal power plants, and the opportunity compensation cost. The total cost of new energy curtailment is obtained based on the curtailment power of new energy power plants. The opportunity compensation cost is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period. The peak load penalty cost of the power grid is obtained based on the load shedding amount of each node. The capacity electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system. The electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual power generation of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period. The objective function solving module is used to solve the objective function that minimizes the total cost of the power grid, obtaining the following parameters: the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; the rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period; the actual charging power and actual generating power of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period; the load shedding amount; and the power curtailment from renewable energy power plants. The electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage co-configuration module is used to calculate the peak deficit rate based on the load shedding and the renewable energy absorption rate based on the power curtailment of renewable energy power plants. If both the peak deficit rate and the renewable energy absorption rate meet the corresponding thresholds, the module configures the electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in the power grid based on the following parameters: the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; the rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; the actual charging power and actual discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period; and the actual charging power and actual power generation power of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period.

[0008] Furthermore, in the objective function establishment module, the specific method for establishing the objective function that minimizes the total grid cost based on the total grid cost is as follows: In the formula, The objective function is to minimize the total cost of the power grid. The equivalent annual investment cost of power grid lines. The total equivalent annual investment cost for pumped storage systems and electrochemical energy storage systems. The annual operating cost of the power grid, Penalty costs for insufficient peak power generation For the capacity electricity price revenue of pumped storage systems, The revenue generated from the electricity price of pumped storage systems.

[0009] Furthermore, in the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the equivalent annual investment cost of power grid lines based on the length of power grid lines is as follows: In the formula, The equivalent annual investment cost of power grid lines. The economic service life of power grid lines. The annual discount rate is 10%. For nodes With nodes The unit investment cost of the line between them, For nodes With nodes The length of the line between them; For the node With nodes New between The decision variable for the route is either 0 or 1; if the route is built, then... The value is 1, otherwise The value is 0; This is a set of candidate routes.

[0010] Furthermore, in the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the equivalent annual total investment cost of the pumped storage system and the electrochemical energy storage system based on the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node, as well as the rated charge / discharge power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node, is as follows: In the formula, The equivalent annual total investment cost for pumped storage systems and electrochemical energy storage systems. The equivalent annual investment cost of an electrochemical energy storage system, The equivalent annual investment cost of a pumped storage system, and These refer to the economic service life of electrochemical energy storage systems and the economic service life of pumped hydro storage systems, respectively. and They are respectively at the node Configure 0 or 1 decision variables for electrochemical energy storage systems and pumped hydro storage systems, if at node Constructing electrochemical energy storage systems The value is 1, otherwise If it is 0, then at node Constructing pumped storage systems The value is 1, otherwise =0; and They are nodes Unit power and node of electrochemical energy storage system The unit capacity investment cost of electrochemical energy storage systems; , and They are nodes Discharge power capacity, unit investment cost, and node of pumped storage systems Pumped storage system charging power capacity, unit investment cost, and node Unit investment cost of energy storage capacity of pumped storage systems; and They are nodes Rated charge / discharge power and node of electrochemical energy storage system Energy storage capacity of electrochemical energy storage systems , and They are respectively at the node Rated discharge power capacity and nodes of pumped storage systems Rated charging power capacity and nodes of pumped storage systems The energy storage capacity of pumped storage systems and These are the candidate installation node sets for electrochemical energy storage systems and the candidate installation node sets for pumped hydro storage systems, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, in the objective function establishment module, the annual operating cost of the power grid is obtained based on the total cost of renewable energy curtailment, the operating cost of thermal power plants, and the opportunity compensation cost. The total cost of renewable energy curtailment is obtained based on the curtailment power of renewable energy power plants. The specific method for obtaining the opportunity compensation cost based on the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period is as follows: In the formula, The annual operating cost of the power grid, , and These are the costs of curtailment of renewable energy generation, operating costs of thermal power plants, and opportunity compensation costs. and The first New energy power plant node sets and thermal power plant node sets, This refers to a collection of types of renewable energy power plants, including wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, and hydropower plants. and The first The cost of curtailment penalties per unit of electricity generated by new energy power plants and the cost of electricity generated per unit of electricity generated by thermal power plants. and The first New energy power plant During the period Theoretical output power, the first New energy power plant During the period Actual output power For the first New energy power plant During the period The power of abandoned electricity, For thermal power plants During the period Power generation capacity, For time period The set, For the first Opportunity compensation cost coefficient for fluctuations in new energy power generation. For the first New energy power plant During the period High-frequency power requiring compensation by electrochemical energy storage systems , Installed in new energy power plants Electrochemical energy storage systems during time periods Actual charging power, installed in new energy power plants Electrochemical energy storage systems during time periods The actual discharge power, For the first New energy power plants The power generation capacity exceeds the power value required for grid connection volatility.

[0012] Furthermore, in the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the grid peak shortage penalty cost based on the load shedding amount of each node is as follows: In the formula, To incur penalties for insufficient peak performance, The cost of load shedding per unit of electricity. For time period Load Node The shear load, This is the set of load nodes.

[0013] Furthermore, in the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the capacity electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system based on the rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system is as follows: Capacity charge revenue for pumped storage systems: In the formula, For the capacity electricity price revenue of pumped storage systems, The capacity-based electricity price for pumped storage systems. For nodes The rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system; Furthermore, in the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system based on the actual charging power and actual power generation of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period is as follows: In the formula, For the electricity price revenue of pumped storage systems, For time period Spot market clearing electricity prices and They are nodes Pumped storage systems during time periods The actual charging power and the actual generating power.

[0014] Furthermore, in the objective function solving module, the specific method for solving the objective function that minimizes the total cost of the power grid is as follows: Establish power balance constraints at grid nodes, power flow constraints on grid lines, state of charge constraints of pumped hydro storage systems, and actual discharge power constraints of electrochemical energy storage systems. Under these constraints, a mixed-integer linear programming algorithm is used to simulate grid operation time-by-time, and the objective function of minimizing the total grid cost is solved using the GUROBI solver.

[0015] Furthermore, the power balance constraint of the power grid nodes is: In the formula, and These are the node-branch association matrices for the existing routes and the candidate routes, respectively. , For time period The active power output of thermal power plants, The contributions of new energy power plants , Time periods Actual electrochemical energy storage charge and discharge power vector and time period The actual charge and discharge power vector of pumped storage. For time period line The load; The power flow constraints of the power grid lines are: ; ; In the formula, , Time periods With the line Connected nodes Phase angle, time period With the line Connected nodes phase angle, For the line Reactance, For time period line The maximum load limit; The state of charge constraints for the pumped hydro storage system are: ; ; In the formula, , These are the upper limit of the state of charge for pumped hydro storage and the lower limit of the state of charge for pumped hydro storage, respectively. For nodes The pumped-storage hydroelectric system is in a charged state, dividing the year into 8760 hours. For nodes Pumped storage during the period This represents the state of charge at hour 0. For nodes Pumped storage during the period The state of charge at the 8760th hour; The actual discharge power constraint of the electrochemical energy storage system is: ; ; In the formula, This is the power supply adequacy coefficient. For access lines Electrochemical energy storage systems during time periods The discharge power.

[0016] Furthermore, in the electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage co-configuration module, the specific methods for calculating the peak deficit rate based on the load shedding and the renewable energy absorption rate based on the curtailed power of renewable energy power plants are as follows: ; ; In the formula, Peak shortage rate For time period The set, For time period The theoretical total load demand, For time period Load Node The shear load, For load node set, For the new energy consumption rate, and The first New energy power plant During the period Theoretical output power, the first New energy power plant During the period Actual output power For the first New energy power plant During the period The amount of abandoned electricity.

[0017] A method for synergistic energy replenishment of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid includes: Subtracting the power generation of a region from its power consumption yields the surplus power demand in that region.

[0018] Multiple time windows with progressively increasing time spans are set up, and the surplus electricity demand in areas with mismatched electricity supply and demand is divided into components of surplus electricity demand in each time window using a moving average method. Based on the differences in the time span within each time window, and combined with the discharge characteristics of electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage, the components of surplus electricity demand in each time window are matched with electrochemical energy storage replenishment and pumped storage replenishment. Based on the matching results, the surplus electricity demand in areas where electricity supply and demand are mismatched is supplemented.

[0019] A method for the coordinated configuration of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid, comprising: The total grid cost is obtained by summing the equivalent annual investment cost of power lines, the total equivalent annual investment cost of pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage systems, the annual grid operating cost, and the peak-shortage penalty cost. This is followed by subtracting the capacity and electricity price revenues of the pumped storage systems. An objective function to minimize this total grid cost is then established. The equivalent annual investment cost of power lines is determined based on the length of the power lines. The total equivalent annual investment cost of the pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage systems is calculated based on the energy storage capacity, rated discharge capacity, and rated charging capacity of the pumped storage systems at each node, as well as the electrochemical energy storage capacity at each node. The rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the system are obtained. The annual operating cost of the power grid is obtained based on the total cost of new energy curtailment, the operating cost of thermal power plants, and the opportunity compensation cost. The total cost of new energy curtailment is obtained based on the curtailment power of new energy power plants. The opportunity compensation cost is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period. The peak load penalty cost of the power grid is obtained based on the load shedding amount of each node. The capacity electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system. The electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual power generation of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period. Solving the objective function to minimize the total cost of the power grid yields the following parameters: energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node during each time period; actual charging power and actual generating power of the pumped storage system at each node during each time period; load shedding; and power curtailment from renewable energy power plants. The peak load deficit rate is calculated based on the load shedding, and the renewable energy absorption rate is calculated based on the power curtailment of renewable energy power plants. If both the peak load deficit rate and the renewable energy absorption rate meet the corresponding thresholds, then the following parameters are used to configure the electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in the power grid: the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; the rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; the actual charging power and actual discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period; and the actual charging power and actual power generation power of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period.

[0020] A computer-readable medium storing a computer program / instruction, which, when executed, implements the aforementioned method for coordinated energy replenishment of electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in a power grid, or the aforementioned method for coordinated configuration of electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in a power grid.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention decomposes surplus electricity demand through multiple time windows (daily, weekly, and quarterly), allocating short-term, high-frequency fluctuations to electrochemical energy storage and long-term, periodic gaps to pumped hydro storage, precisely matching the technical characteristics of the two types of energy storage. The millisecond / second-level response of electrochemical energy storage can efficiently smooth intraday fluctuations, while the long-term discharge capacity of pumped hydro storage can fill cross-day / cross-seasonal supply and demand gaps, forming a comprehensive energy replenishment system that combines short-term regulation and long-term energy storage. This completely solves the problem of blind spots in regulation by a single energy storage technology and adapts to the volatile and intermittent characteristics of high-proportion renewable energy sources.

[0022] 2. The objective function comprehensively covers line investment, energy storage investment, operating costs, penalty costs, and the capacity / electricity revenue of pumped storage, achieving full life-cycle cost accounting for investment, operation, and revenue. Through coordinated planning of energy storage and the power grid, the upgrading and transformation of power grid lines can be delayed; at the same time, the synergistic substitution effect of the two types of energy storage reduces the capacity of a single energy storage configuration, and the value of new energy fluctuation mitigation is quantified by combining opportunity compensation costs, significantly reducing the total system cost.

[0023] 3. Through energy storage-assisted replenishment and precise allocation, the curtailment of renewable energy and the amount of system load shedding are effectively reduced. This not only improves the utilization rate of renewable energy but also ensures the adequacy of power supply in the power system, balancing the dual goals of renewable energy consumption and reliable power supply, and providing technical support for high-proportion renewable energy grid connection.

[0024] 4. This invention provides complete formulaic calculation logic, clearly defining specific configuration parameters such as energy storage capacity, power, and charging / discharging strategies. It can be directly embedded into mixed-integer linear programming models and implemented in engineering through the GUROBI solver. Furthermore, the solution is compatible with various types of new energy sources, including wind farms and photovoltaic power plants, supports differentiated node configurations, adapts to different grid topologies and load distributions, and possesses strong versatility and operability.

[0025] 5. The calculation logic for capacity pricing revenue and electricity pricing revenue of pumped hydro storage is perfectly aligned with the revenue model of capacity compensation and electricity arbitrage in the electricity market; the opportunity compensation cost quantifies the economic value of smoothing out fluctuations in new energy sources, incentivizing energy storage to participate in ancillary services. The solution not only meets the technical adjustment needs but also adapts to market-based operating rules, providing a guarantee for the commercial operation of energy storage projects and possessing long-term promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1A block diagram of a coordinated configuration system for electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in a power grid.

[0027] Figure 2 This is the power output sequence for wind power 8760.

[0028] Figure 3 The power output sequence for photovoltaic 8760.

[0029] Figure 4 The demand sequence is 8760 for load.

[0030] Figure 5 This represents a typical day with ample power supply.

[0031] Figure 6 This represents a typical day's operating conditions with insufficient power during the day.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a chart analyzing monthly adjustment capabilities.

[0033] Figure 8 A block diagram of a synergistic energy replenishment system for electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0035] Definitions: The IEEE RTS-24-node system is a standard power network test model published by the IEEE Reliability Test Systems Task Force in 1979.

[0036] Mixed-integer linear programming algorithm: Allows some decision variables to be integers (0 or 1 decision variables for whether to build energy storage, discrete variables such as the number of units), while the rest are continuous variables (such as energy storage charging and discharging power, etc.); the core objective is to find the optimal solution for the objective function under the premise of satisfying a series of linear constraints (such as power balance and capacity limit).

[0037] GUROBI Solver: Specifically designed for solving optimization problems such as linear programming and mixed-integer linear programming, it is a mainstream tool for solving large-scale complex optimization problems.

[0038] Example 1 A synergistic energy replenishment system combining electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid, referenced Figure 8 ,include: The electricity surplus demand calculation module is used to subtract the power generation of a region from the power consumption of a region with a power supply-demand mismatch to obtain the electricity surplus demand of that region. The electricity surplus demand decomposition module is used to set multiple time windows with progressively increasing time spans, and to divide the electricity surplus demand in areas with mismatched electricity supply and demand into components of electricity surplus demand in each time window using a moving average method. The power surplus demand replenishment module is used to match the components of power surplus demand in each time window with electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage energy replenishment based on the time span differences within each time window and the discharge characteristics of electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage. Based on the matching results, it replenishes the power surplus demand in areas where power supply and demand are mismatched.

[0039] Addressing the differentiated characteristics of electrochemical energy storage (fast response, adaptability to short-term regulation) and pumped storage (large capacity, adaptability to long-term regulation), this approach enables on-demand allocation of energy replenishment tasks, avoiding the regulatory blind spots of single energy storage technologies. By decomposing energy into multiple time windows, it quantifies supply-demand mismatches in different time periods, resulting in more targeted energy replenishment and reducing ineffective replenishment and resource waste. This effectively addresses the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy output, reduces the risk of load shedding or power curtailment due to supply-demand imbalances, and ensures the stability of the power grid.

[0040] In a preferred implementation, the time windows in the electricity surplus demand decomposition module include daily, weekly, and quarterly windows. The daily window adapts to short-term intraday shortages, the weekly window adapts to cross-day fluctuations, and the quarterly window adapts to long-term supply and demand imbalances, comprehensively covering the multi-dimensional adjustment needs of the power system.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the specific method for dividing the surplus electricity demand in the power supply-demand mismatch area into multiple time window components using a moving average method in the power surplus demand decomposition module is as follows: To divide the power supply and demand mismatch into different time periods, moving averages will be used on different time scales. Mismatches within 24 hours, from 24 hours to 168 hours, and more than 168 hours are respectively considered intraday mismatches, intraweekly mismatches, and intraquarterly mismatches.

[0042] The year is divided into 8760 hours, during periods when electricity supply and demand are mismatched. In the first Calculate the number of hours respectively. The average residual electricity demand over a total of 25 hours, including the 12 hours before and after the first hour, and the first hour of the second hour. The average remaining electricity demand over a total of 169 hours, including the first 84 hours and the last 84 hours. The power supply and demand mismatch area is in the first The first value is obtained by subtracting the average remaining electricity demand over the total 25 hours from the remaining electricity demand of the hour; The second value is obtained by subtracting the average remaining electricity demand over the total 25 hours from the average remaining electricity demand over the total 169 hours. The power supply and demand mismatch area is in the first The remaining electricity demand for the next few hours is subtracted from the first and second values ​​to obtain the third value. The ratio of the first value to the sum of the first, second, and third values ​​is used as the first coefficient, and the power supply and demand mismatch area is divided into the second... Multiplying the remaining electricity demand for one hour by the first coefficient yields the result for the second hour. The daily remaining electricity demand for one hour; The ratio of the second value to the sum of the first, second, and third values ​​is used as the second coefficient, which is used to classify the power supply and demand mismatch area in the first... Multiplying the remaining electricity demand for one hour by the second coefficient yields the result. Weekly component of remaining electricity demand for hours; The ratio of the third value to the sum of the first, second, and third values ​​is the third coefficient, which is used to classify the power supply and demand mismatch area in the first... Multiplying the remaining electricity demand for one hour by the third coefficient yields the result. The remaining electricity demand for the hourly quarter.

[0043] ; In the formula, For areas with mismatched power supply and demand during certain time periods Power consumption For areas with mismatched power supply and demand during certain time periods Electricity generation, For areas with mismatched power supply and demand during certain time periods The surplus electricity demand.

[0044] ; ; ; In the formula, As the first value, The second value, It is the third value; ; ; ; ; In the formula, For the first The daily remaining electricity demand for one hour. For the first Weekly portion of remaining electricity demand for hours. For the first The quarterly portion of surplus electricity demand per hour. When , , , A value greater than 0 indicates the corresponding time period. The internal power generation is insufficient to meet the power consumption.

[0045] The remaining demand is broken down by hour, which is highly consistent with the daily dispatch cycle of the power system (usually in 1-hour units) and can directly support energy replenishment decisions throughout the day.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, in the power surplus demand compensation module, based on the differences in the time span of multiple time windows and combined with the discharge characteristics of electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage, the specific calculation method for matching the components of power surplus demand in multiple time windows with electrochemical energy storage compensation and pumped storage compensation is as follows: Electrochemical energy storage systems output power based on the daily component of surplus electricity demand, while pumped hydro storage systems output power based on the sum of the weekly and quarterly components of surplus electricity demand. The millisecond / second-level response of electrochemical energy storage adapts to the short-term, high-frequency fluctuations of the daily component, while the long-term discharge capacity of pumped hydro storage adapts to the long-term deficits of the weekly / quarterly components. This achieves a precise match between technical characteristics and regulatory needs, avoiding the unreasonable configuration of using pumped hydro storage to address short-term fluctuations (leading to capacity waste) or using electrochemical energy storage to address long-term deficits (leading to excessive costs), thus optimizing energy storage utilization efficiency. The two types of energy storage have clear division of labor and complement each other, ensuring that surplus demand at different time scales can be efficiently filled, reducing the problems of insufficient or excessive energy replenishment.

[0047] As a preferred implementation, a mismatch coefficient is defined to identify the degree of mismatch between the electricity load and the renewable energy generation curve, and its expression is as follows: In the formula, The annual mismatch coefficient. , and These are the daily mismatch coefficient, weekly mismatch coefficient, and quarterly mismatch coefficient, respectively. . , As the mismatch between electricity consumption and power generation increases, when Zero carbon emission power generation can be achieved by controlling it to 0%.

[0048] The mismatch coefficient normalizes the unmet demand to the total electricity consumption, which is to provide a comparable evaluation index between different system scales and different scenarios. Simply using the absolute value of the shortfall electricity will be strongly affected by the load scale and the simulation time, which is not conducive to comparing the supply and demand matching level under different schemes. Through the ratio form, we can: (1) use the annual / daily / weekly / quarterly mismatch coefficient to comprehensively measure whether the power structure and energy storage configuration are reasonable during the planning stage, which is convenient for horizontal comparison between different regions and different planning schemes; (2) provide a basis for subsequent evaluation indicators such as peak shortage rate and new energy consumption rate, so that the goals of supply guarantee, consumption and emission reduction can be weighed under the same dimension; (3) serve as a constraint or assessment indicator. When the mismatch coefficient drops to a certain level (e.g., close to 0), it can be considered that the system has basically achieved a high degree of matching between renewable energy and load under the planning scheme.

[0049] Example 2 A method for synergistic energy replenishment of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid includes: Subtracting the power generation of a region from its power consumption yields the surplus power demand in that region.

[0050] Multiple time windows with progressively increasing time spans are set up, and the surplus electricity demand in areas with mismatched electricity supply and demand is divided into components of surplus electricity demand in each time window using a moving average method. Based on the differences in the time span within each time window, and combined with the discharge characteristics of electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage, the components of surplus electricity demand in each time window are matched with electrochemical energy storage replenishment and pumped storage replenishment. Based on the matching results, the surplus electricity demand in areas where electricity supply and demand are mismatched is supplemented.

[0051] Example 3 A coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid, referenced Figure 1 ,include: The objective function establishment module is used to calculate the total grid cost by subtracting the capacity tariff revenue and electricity tariff revenue of the pumped storage system from the sum of the equivalent annual investment cost of the power lines, the total equivalent annual investment cost of the pumped storage system and the electrochemical energy storage system, the annual operating cost of the grid, and the peak-shortage penalty cost. Based on this total grid cost, an objective function is established to minimize the total grid cost. Specifically, the equivalent annual investment cost of the power lines is obtained based on the length of the power lines, and the total equivalent annual investment cost of the pumped storage system and the electrochemical energy storage system is based on the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node, as well as the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of each node. The rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system are obtained. The annual operating cost of the power grid is obtained based on the total cost of new energy curtailment, the operating cost of thermal power plants, and the opportunity compensation cost. The total cost of new energy curtailment is obtained based on the curtailment power of new energy power plants. The opportunity compensation cost is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period. The peak load penalty cost of the power grid is obtained based on the load shedding amount of each node. The capacity electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system. The electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual power generation of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period. The objective function solving module is used to solve the objective function that minimizes the total cost of the power grid, obtaining the following parameters: the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; the rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period; the actual charging power and actual generating power of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period; the load shedding amount; and the power curtailment from renewable energy power plants. The electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage co-configuration module is used to calculate the peak deficit rate based on the load shedding and the renewable energy absorption rate based on the power curtailment of renewable energy power plants. If both the peak deficit rate and the renewable energy absorption rate meet the corresponding thresholds, the module configures the electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in the power grid based on the following parameters: the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; the rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; the actual charging power and actual discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period; and the actual charging power and actual power generation power of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period.

[0052] The objective function comprehensively covers line investment, energy storage investment, operating costs, penalty costs, and energy storage revenue, avoiding overall economic imbalances caused by single-dimensional optimization and ensuring optimal comprehensive benefits of the configuration scheme. Using peak load deficit rate and renewable energy absorption rate as configuration thresholds, the configuration results meet both system safety requirements and low-carbon development needs. The output parameters, such as energy storage capacity, power, and actual charging / discharging power, provide concrete and implementable configuration basis for engineering practice, avoiding blind configuration. It also considers energy storage configuration and grid line investment, coordinates energy storage regulation with grid transmission capacity, delays grid upgrades and renovations, and reduces overall planning costs.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment, the specific method for establishing the objective function that minimizes the total grid cost based on the total grid cost in the objective function establishment module is as follows: In the formula, The objective function is to minimize the total cost of the power grid. The equivalent annual investment cost of power grid lines. The total equivalent annual investment cost for pumped storage systems and electrochemical energy storage systems. The annual operating cost of the power grid, Penalty costs for insufficient peak power generation For the capacity electricity price revenue of pumped storage systems, The revenue generated from the electricity price of pumped storage systems.

[0054] The objective function for minimizing the total cost of the power grid integrates multiple dimensions such as investment, operation, penalties, and benefits, taking into account both short-term operational efficiency and long-term investment returns, and conforming to the full life-cycle perspective of power grid planning. The variables in the formula are directly related to actual engineering parameters, and the optimization results can be directly applied to specific configuration schemes.

[0055] As a preferred implementation, the specific method for obtaining the equivalent annual investment cost of power grid lines based on the length of power grid lines in the objective function establishment module is as follows: In the formula, The equivalent annual investment cost of power grid lines. The economic service life of power grid lines. The annual discount rate is 10%. For nodes With nodes The unit investment cost of the line between them, For nodes With nodes The length of the line between them; For the node With nodes New between The decision variable for the route is either 0 or 1; if the route is built, then... The value is 1, otherwise The value is 0; This is a set of candidate routes.

[0056] By considering the time value of money (annual discount rate) and the lifespan of the line, the calculation results are more in line with the actual investment return logic of the project, avoiding cost deviations caused by static accounting. By using 0 or 1 decision variables, the line expansion selection in the planning stage is directly linked, deeply binding cost accounting with decision-making behavior.

[0057] As a preferred implementation, in the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the equivalent annual total investment cost of the pumped storage system and the electrochemical energy storage system based on the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node, as well as the rated charge / discharge power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node, is as follows: In the formula, The equivalent annual total investment cost for pumped storage systems and electrochemical energy storage systems. The equivalent annual investment cost of an electrochemical energy storage system, The equivalent annual investment cost of a pumped storage system, and These refer to the economic service life of electrochemical energy storage systems and the economic service life of pumped hydro storage systems, respectively. and They are respectively at the node Configure 0 or 1 decision variables for electrochemical energy storage systems and pumped hydro storage systems, if at node Constructing electrochemical energy storage systems The value is 1, otherwise If it is 0, then at node Constructing pumped storage systems The value is 1, otherwise =0; and They are nodes Unit power and node of electrochemical energy storage system The unit capacity investment cost of electrochemical energy storage systems; , and They are nodes Discharge power capacity, unit investment cost, and node of pumped storage systems Pumped storage system charging power capacity, unit investment cost, and node Unit investment cost of energy storage capacity of pumped storage systems; and They are nodes Rated charge / discharge power and node of electrochemical energy storage system Energy storage capacity of electrochemical energy storage systems , and They are respectively at the node Rated discharge power capacity and nodes of pumped storage systems Rated charging power capacity and nodes of pumped storage systems The energy storage capacity of pumped storage systems and These are the candidate installation node sets for electrochemical energy storage systems and the candidate installation node sets for pumped hydro storage systems, respectively.

[0058] To address the characteristics of independent accounting for electrochemical energy storage power and capacity, and separate accounting for discharge / charge power and capacity in pumped hydro storage, this approach precisely matches the investment structures of the two types of energy storage, avoiding cost distortion caused by unified accounting. By using node decision variables (whether to configure energy storage at a node) and node-specific cost parameters, it adapts to the energy storage configuration needs of different nodes, optimizing the rationality of energy storage layout. Incorporating the economic useful life and discount rate, it transforms one-time investment into equivalent annual costs, facilitating comparison with annual indicators such as operating costs and revenues, and improving the rationality of total cost optimization.

[0059] As a preferred implementation, in the objective function establishment module, the annual operating cost of the power grid is obtained based on the total cost of renewable energy curtailment, the operating cost of thermal power plants, and the opportunity compensation cost. The total cost of renewable energy curtailment is obtained based on the curtailment power of renewable energy power plants. The specific method for obtaining the opportunity compensation cost based on the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period is as follows: Considering the significant fluctuations in renewable energy generation due to the configuration of electrochemical energy storage at renewable energy power plant grid connection nodes, even after implementing electrochemical energy storage mitigation measures, high-frequency components exceeding grid connection technical requirements still exist in the renewable energy power. Consequently, the grid will coordinate other flexible resources for regulation, leading to increased grid operating costs. Therefore, this invention uses opportunity compensation cost to measure the increased grid operating costs and risks due to high-frequency components, and this cost is primarily determined by the degree to which electrochemical energy storage compensates for the high-frequency components of renewable energy generation.

[0060] In the formula, The annual operating cost of the power grid, , and These are the costs of curtailment of renewable energy generation, operating costs of thermal power plants, and opportunity compensation costs. and The first New energy power plant node sets and thermal power plant node sets, This refers to a collection of types of renewable energy power plants, including wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, and hydropower plants. and The first The cost of curtailment penalties per unit of electricity generated by new energy power plants and the cost of electricity generated per unit of electricity generated by thermal power plants. and The first New energy power plant During the period Theoretical output power, the first New energy power plant During the period Actual output power For the first New energy power plant During the period The power of abandoned electricity, For thermal power plants During the period Power generation capacity, For time period The set, For the first Opportunity compensation cost coefficient for fluctuations in new energy power generation. For the first New energy power plant During the period High-frequency power requiring compensation by electrochemical energy storage systems , Installed in new energy power plants Electrochemical energy storage systems during time periods Actual charging power, installed in new energy power plants Electrochemical energy storage systems during time periods The actual discharge power, For the first New energy power plants The power generation capacity exceeds the power value required for grid connection volatility.

[0061] This system calculates not only the direct operating costs of renewable energy curtailment and thermal power plant fuel costs, but also quantifies the indirect costs resulting from the incomplete mitigation of renewable energy fluctuations through opportunity compensation costs, resulting in a more comprehensive operating cost accounting. Opportunity compensation costs are linked to the actual charging and discharging power of electrochemical energy storage; the better the mitigation effect, the lower the compensation cost, directly incentivizing energy storage to play its role in regulating high-frequency fluctuations. It is compatible with the curtailment cost accounting of different types of renewable energy, such as wind power, photovoltaics, and hydropower, improving the versatility of the solution.

[0062] As a preferred implementation, the specific method for obtaining the grid peak shortage penalty cost based on the load shedding amount of each node in the objective function establishment module is as follows: In the formula, To incur penalties for insufficient peak performance, The cost of load shedding per unit of electricity. For time period Load Node The shear load, This is the set of load nodes.

[0063] By using a penalty mechanism, avoiding load shedding is transformed into a cost constraint. During the optimization process, the amount of load shedding will be reduced first, indirectly improving the system's peak power supply capacity. This transforms the abstract concept of insufficient power supply into a concrete cost, making the optimization objective more intuitive and facilitating a balance between increasing investment in energy storage / line infrastructure and the economics of bearing load shedding penalties.

[0064] As a preferred implementation, the specific method for obtaining the capacity electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system based on the rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system in the objective function establishment module is as follows: Capacity charge revenue for pumped storage systems: In the formula, For the capacity electricity price revenue of pumped storage systems, The capacity-based electricity price for pumped storage systems. For nodes The rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system; Capacity pricing revenue is directly linked to rated discharge capacity, reflecting the core value of pumped storage in providing long-term peak-shaving capacity reserves and aligning with industry capacity compensation practices. The revenue calculation logic guides the optimization process by allocating pumped storage capacity to meet system capacity gaps, avoiding both insufficient and excessive capacity allocation. Consistent with the rules governing capacity pricing compensation in the electricity market, the scheme is easily integrated with existing market mechanisms, enhancing the feasibility of project implementation.

[0065] As a preferred implementation, in the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system based on the actual charging power and actual power generation of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period is as follows: In the formula, For the electricity price revenue of pumped storage systems, For time period Spot market clearing electricity prices and They are nodes Pumped storage systems during time periods The actual charging power and the actual generating power.

[0066] Revenue is linked to real-time electricity prices and actual charging and discharging behavior, incentivizing pumped storage to charge during off-peak hours and discharge during peak hours, thereby achieving electricity price arbitrage and improving the economics of energy storage itself. Alignment with the time-of-use pricing mechanism of the spot market ensures that the optimization results conform to the operating logic of a market-based power grid, avoiding revenue calculation deviations seen in planned models. Calculating charging and discharging power by time period and node allows for more accurate revenue calculations, providing economic guidance for the operation and scheduling of pumped storage.

[0067] As a preferred embodiment, the specific method for solving the objective function that minimizes the total cost of the power grid in the objective function solving module is as follows: Establish power balance constraints at grid nodes, power flow constraints on grid lines, state of charge constraints of pumped hydro storage systems, and actual discharge power constraints of electrochemical energy storage systems. Under these constraints, a mixed-integer linear programming algorithm is used to simulate grid operation time-by-time, and the objective function of minimizing the total grid cost is solved using the GUROBI solver.

[0068] Mixed-integer linear programming algorithms are suitable for complex optimization problems involving discrete decisions (such as whether to build a line) and continuous variables (such as charging and discharging power). The GUROBI solver ensures efficient solution for large-scale problems (such as 8760-hour scheduling). By limiting the solution boundary through constraints, optimization results that do not conform to engineering realities (such as exceeding line capacity, overcharging and over-discharging of energy storage) are avoided. The simulation of operating states over time periods can accurately match the temporal fluctuations of renewable energy output and load demand, and the optimization results are more in line with the actual operation scenario of the power grid. Node power balance constraints ensure real-time matching of supply and demand, line power flow constraints prevent line overload, and energy storage state of charge constraints prevent overcharging and over-discharging, ensuring the safety of power grid operation from multiple dimensions.

[0069] The power balance constraint of the power grid node is: In the formula, and These are the node-branch association matrices for the existing routes and the candidate routes, respectively. , For time period The active power output of thermal power plants, The contributions of new energy power plants , Time periods Actual electrochemical energy storage charge and discharge power vector and time period The actual charge and discharge power vector of pumped storage. For time period line The load; The power flow constraints of the power grid lines are: ; ; In the formula, , Time periods With the line Connected nodes Phase angle, time period With the line Connected nodes phase angle, For the line Reactance, For time period line The maximum load limit; The state of charge constraints for the pumped hydro storage system are: ; ; In the formula, , These are the upper limit of the state of charge for pumped hydro storage and the lower limit of the state of charge for pumped hydro storage, respectively. For nodes The pumped-storage hydroelectric system is in a charged state, dividing the year into 8760 hours. For nodes Pumped storage during the period This represents the state of charge at hour 0. For nodes Pumped storage during the period The state of charge at the 8760th hour; The actual discharge power constraint of the electrochemical energy storage system is: ; ; In the formula, This is the power supply adequacy coefficient. For access lines Electrochemical energy storage systems during time periods The discharge power.

[0070] At the same time, in order to control the nodes Pumped storage systems during time periods Actual charging power and actual power generation To further define the limitations, the pumped storage model is constructed as follows: Pumped-storage hydroelectric units primarily use water as the energy conversion medium. They can function as a power source, releasing water to generate electricity during peak hours, or as a load, pumping water for energy storage during off-peak hours. This allows them to meet the flexibility requirements of a high-proportion renewable energy power system. The unit mainly consists of two parts: pumped storage and water release for power generation, as shown in the following formula: In the formula, For time period The reservoir's water storage capacity at the end For time period The reservoir's water storage capacity at the end Subject to time interval Influence, For time period The charging pumping flow rate, For time period The discharge flow rate for power generation, To improve pumping and charging efficiency. To improve the efficiency of water release for power generation.

[0071] ; ; In the formula, For pumped storage systems during time periods The actual charging power, For pumped storage systems during time periods Actual power generation It is the density of water. It is the acceleration due to gravity. For time period water head height, For pipeline efficiency, For water pump efficiency; In the formula, This refers to the static head height. This represents the surface area of ​​the reservoir.

[0072] Pumped storage systems are primarily constrained by reservoir capacity, power output, operational status, and ramp-up constraints. The storage capacity is limited by the maximum storage capacity of the reservoir. and minimum water storage The power of water pumps and generator sets is affected by their operating state [0,1], operating power, and output power, depending on the time period. The capacity of the reservoir is At that time, due to limitations in water storage capacity and operating power, the power constraint of a pumped storage system is as follows: ; ; In the formula, The velocity-to-power ratio under power generation conditions of a pumped storage system. This is the lower limit of the charging power for pumped storage systems. This refers to the upper limit of the charging power of a pumped storage system.

[0073] The active power output of a pumped storage system is constrained by the rate of ramp-up: ; In the formula, , These represent the uphill and downhill ramp rates of the pumped storage system, respectively. For pumped storage systems during time periods The actual charging power.

[0074] In summary, the flexible output adjustment range of a pumped storage system is as follows: .

[0075] As a preferred embodiment, the specific method for calculating the peak deficit rate based on the load shedding amount and the renewable energy absorption rate based on the curtailed power of renewable energy power plants in the electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage co-configuration module is as follows: ; ; In the formula, Peak shortage rate For time period The set, For time period The theoretical total load demand, For time period Load Node The shear load, For load node set, For the new energy consumption rate, and The first New energy power plant During the period Theoretical output power, the first New energy power plant During the period Actual output power For the first New energy power plant During the period The amount of abandoned electricity.

[0076] Peak load deficit rate reflects the percentage of available regulating capacity shortfall during the system's peak load period compared to theoretical demand, measuring the ability of energy storage systems to fill power gaps through energy time-shifting. Renewable energy absorption rate characterizes the proportion of actual renewable energy absorbed by the system relative to theoretically generated electricity, enhancing the system's cross-period regulation and fluctuation mitigation capabilities dependent on energy storage. Transforming power supply reliability and renewable energy utilization efficiency into calculable quantitative indicators—peak load deficit rate and renewable energy absorption rate—avoids the ambiguity of qualitative assessments. By setting thresholds, these indicators serve as the acceptable standards for energy storage and transmission line configurations, ensuring that optimization results meet both power supply reliability requirements and the low-carbon goals of renewable energy absorption. The numerical values ​​of these indicators allow for a direct comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of different configuration schemes, providing a clear basis for final decision-making.

[0077] To further illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following case studies were conducted: The study uses the IEEE-RTS 24-node system for simulation to verify the proposed mixed-integer linear programming model. Table 1 shows the IEEE RTS-24-node line data. There are 34 existing branches. Considering the increasing scale of wind power grid connection and load demand, 7 new transmission corridors are added, resulting in a total of 41 feasible expansion transmission corridors. Each corridor can accommodate a maximum of 3 lines (including existing lines).

[0078] The wind power grid connection points are located at nodes 4, 19, and 23, with grid-connected capacities of 1200MW, 2000MW, and 1200MW, respectively. The opportunity compensation cost coefficient for wind power fluctuations is also considered. Set to 0.03 to reflect typical market conditions for renewable energy power deviation penalties.

[0079] Table 1 Table 2 shows a comparison of cost parameters between electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage. Electrochemical energy storage systems have higher power costs (3000 yuan / kW) but lower energy costs (1000 yuan / kWh) and a cycle life of 10 years; while pumped hydro storage has a power cost of 6000 yuan / kW, a significantly lower energy cost of 100 yuan / kWh, and an operating life of up to 25 years.

[0080] Table 2 To comprehensively evaluate the synergistic effectiveness of the proposed pumped hydro storage and electrochemical energy storage, four typical scenarios were set up based on the aforementioned IEEE-RTS24 node system: i) Case 1: Coordinated planning of pumped storage, electrochemical energy storage and power grid; ii) Case 2: Only considering the coordinated planning of electrochemical energy storage and power grid; iii) Case 3: Only considering the coordinated planning of pumped storage and power grid; iv) Case 4: Single planning of power transmission networks; By inputting the basic data into the four schemes, the resulting planning schemes and costs are shown in Table 3, which shows that different planning strategies present significantly different investment models and economic performance.

[0081] Table 3 Regarding the expansion of the transmission network, the planning results of Scheme 1 in Table 3 show that the expansion is mainly concentrated on three lines: 2-4, 4-9, and 16-19. This primarily meets the power transmission needs after the wind farms are connected to the grid. No new lines are built near node 23 because the surrounding lines have sufficient capacity. New line 6-10 is built to meet the load demand of node 6, and new lines are added near node 6 to increase power transmission capacity. New line 7-8 enhances the transmission capacity at generation node 7. It is noteworthy that no new transmission capacity is needed around node 23, indicating that the existing grid structure in this area is already sufficient.

[0082] In terms of energy storage system configuration, it is mainly used to smooth out power output fluctuations in various wind farms and reduce opportunity compensation costs. The largest energy storage capacity is configured at node 4. As can be seen from Table 1, this is because the transmission capacity of the lines around node 4 is mostly 175MW, while the transmission capacity of the lines around nodes 19 and 23 is 500MW. In order to meet the absorption demand of the wind farm at node 4, in addition to building new transmission lines 2-4 and 4-9, it is also necessary to configure energy storage with a larger capacity than that of nodes 19 and 23 to improve its regulation capability.

[0083] The deployment of energy storage in the power grid can effectively reduce operating costs. Compared to the single transmission network planning of Scheme 4, when Scheme 3 only configures pumped storage power stations, the wind curtailment penalty cost of the system is reduced due to the peak shaving and valley filling effect of pumped storage, and the total cost is also slightly reduced. Compared to the single transmission network planning of Scheme 4, when Scheme 2 only configures electrochemical energy storage, the opportunity compensation cost and wind curtailment cost of the system will be significantly reduced, and the line investment of the system will also be reduced. This shows that the deployment of distributed energy storage can delay the upgrading and transformation of the transmission network.

[0084] Compared to single-type energy storage, pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage are more economical when integrated with the power grid in coordinated planning. In terms of new power line construction, Scheme 1's investment of 21.9 million kilowatts is less than that of Schemes 3 and 4 (25.6 million kilowatts), indicating that energy storage can delay the upgrading and transformation of power grid lines. Regarding energy storage investment, Scheme 1's electrochemical energy storage capacity is less than that of Scheme 2, which only considers single-type electrochemical energy storage in coordinated grid planning. Similarly, Scheme 1's pumped storage capacity is less than that of Scheme 3, which only considers single-type pumped storage in coordinated grid planning, indicating a synergistic effect and some substitution between pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage. In terms of wind curtailment penalty costs, Scheme 1 has the lowest cost at 49.8 million kilowatts, demonstrating that the integrated planning of pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage with the power grid can effectively improve the utilization rate of new energy sources in the power system.

[0085] The results show that the coordinated planning of heterogeneous energy storage technology and transmission networks can produce better economic and operational results. The rapid response characteristics of electrochemical energy storage effectively mitigate wind power fluctuations, while pumped hydro storage provides long-term energy transfer capabilities. This complementary relationship reduces the overall energy storage capacity requirement while maintaining system reliability and renewable energy consumption targets.

[0086] The following case studies provide specific energy consumption scenarios, and through comparative analysis of the operational performance of different energy storage configurations, reveal the complementary mechanism of the two types of energy storage technologies: The power supply and load boundaries are referenced in Tables 4 and 5 for specific consumption scenarios. Pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage configurations are based on these specific consumption scenarios. The scale of energy storage is increased on the basis of the benchmark scenarios for comparison, as shown in Tables 4 and 5. Table 4 Table 5 Using 8760 hours of annual simulation data, this study systematically evaluates the synergistic effects of pumped hydro storage and electrochemical energy storage in renewable energy consumption and power supply security through both daily and monthly regulation dimensions. The data includes wind power, solar power, and load sequences, such as... Figures 2 to 4 As shown. Key indicators include peak demand shortfall rate and renewable energy consumption rate.

[0087] This case study systematically evaluates the synergistic effects of pumped hydro storage and electrochemical energy storage in renewable energy consumption and power supply security through intraday and monthly regulation scenarios, as shown in Tables 6 and 7. In the intraday regulation scenario, a comparative analysis was conducted on days with ample and insufficient power supply: without energy storage, the peak shortage rate on days with ample power supply was 1.21%, and the renewable energy consumption rate was 88.58%; on days with insufficient power supply, the peak shortage rate climbed to 9.68%, and the consumption rate increased to 98.58%, but at the cost of significant renewable energy curtailment. After configuring pumped hydro storage and electrochemical energy storage, the peak shortage rate on days with ample power supply decreased to 0%, and the consumption rate increased by 4.65 percentage points to 93.23%; on days with insufficient power supply, the peak shortage rate significantly decreased by 8.59 percentage points to 1.09%, and the consumption rate increased to 100%. On an annual scale, energy storage configuration reduced the peak shortage rate by 3.96 percentage points to 0.36%, and increased the renewable energy consumption rate by 3.38 percentage points to 96.82%.

[0088] Table 6 Table 7 according to Figure 5 and 6 Studies show that electrochemical energy storage plays a crucial role when there is ample power supply during the day, effectively mitigating short-term fluctuations. However, on days with insufficient power, capacity limitations prevent it from fully responding to long-term peak demand, resulting in a regulatory blind spot. Pumped hydro storage, with its long-term energy storage characteristics, performs exceptionally well on days with insufficient power, releasing over 1500 MWh of regulating power per day, effectively filling the regulatory blind spot of electrochemical energy storage and providing strong long-term peak-shaving support for the system.

[0089] Monthly adjustment analysis further reveals the synergistic mechanism, such as Figure 7 As shown, pumped hydro storage contributes up to 80 GWh of regulation power in the monthly net discharge value, significantly higher than the 10 GWh of electrochemical storage. Its long-term discharge capability increases the monthly utilization rate of new energy to over 75%. Especially during off-peak periods, pumped hydro storage and electrochemical storage work together to reduce the curtailment rate from 9.68% to 1.09% through reverse peak shaving; simultaneously, under their synergistic effect, the monthly absorption rate of new energy increases from 70% to 96%.

[0090] The results show that pumped hydro storage and electrochemical energy storage complement each other on a time scale: electrochemical energy storage focuses on high-frequency intraday regulation, while pumped hydro storage covers long-term peak-shaving needs across days and weeks. This synergistic model enables the simultaneous optimization of renewable energy absorption rate and system peak capacity. Especially in scenarios with insufficient power supply and severe load fluctuations, the long-term energy storage characteristics of pumped hydro storage become an effective support for ensuring power balance.

[0091] Example 4 A method for the coordinated configuration of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid, comprising: The total grid cost is obtained by summing the equivalent annual investment cost of power lines, the total equivalent annual investment cost of pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage systems, the annual grid operating cost, and the peak-shortage penalty cost. This is followed by subtracting the capacity and electricity price revenues of the pumped storage systems. An objective function to minimize this total grid cost is then established. The equivalent annual investment cost of power lines is determined based on the length of the power lines. The total equivalent annual investment cost of the pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage systems is calculated based on the energy storage capacity, rated discharge capacity, and rated charging capacity of the pumped storage systems at each node, as well as the electrochemical energy storage capacity at each node. The rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the system are obtained. The annual operating cost of the power grid is obtained based on the total cost of new energy curtailment, the operating cost of thermal power plants, and the opportunity compensation cost. The total cost of new energy curtailment is obtained based on the curtailment power of new energy power plants. The opportunity compensation cost is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period. The peak load penalty cost of the power grid is obtained based on the load shedding amount of each node. The capacity electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system. The electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual power generation of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period. Solving the objective function to minimize the total cost of the power grid yields the following parameters: energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node during each time period; actual charging power and actual generating power of the pumped storage system at each node during each time period; load shedding; and power curtailment from renewable energy power plants. The peak load deficit rate is calculated based on the load shedding, and the renewable energy absorption rate is calculated based on the power curtailment of renewable energy power plants. If both the peak load deficit rate and the renewable energy absorption rate meet the corresponding thresholds, then the following parameters are used to configure the electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in the power grid: the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; the rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; the actual charging power and actual discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period; and the actual charging power and actual power generation power of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period.

[0092] Example 5 A computer-readable medium storing a computer program / instructions, which, when executed, implements either the method for coordinated energy replenishment of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid as described in Example 2, or the method for coordinated configuration of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid as described in Example 4. The contents not described in detail in this specification are prior art known to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0093] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0094] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0095] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit its scope of protection. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that after reading the present invention, they can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation of the invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A synergistic energy replenishment system for electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid, characterized in that, include: The electricity surplus demand calculation module is used to subtract the power generation of a region from the power consumption of a region with a power supply-demand mismatch to obtain the electricity surplus demand of that region. The electricity surplus demand decomposition module is used to set multiple time windows with progressively increasing time spans, and to divide the electricity surplus demand into components of the electricity surplus demand in each time window using a moving average method. The power surplus demand replenishment module is used to match the components of the power surplus demand in each time window with electrochemical energy storage replenishment and pumped hydro energy replenishment based on the time span differences within each time window and the discharge characteristics of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro energy storage, and replenish the power surplus demand based on the matching results.

2. The synergistic energy replenishment system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in the power grid according to claim 1, wherein the surplus power demand decomposition module is specifically used for: Divide the year into Hours, when there is a mismatch between electricity supply and demand In the first Calculate the number of hours respectively. Hours ago Hours and after Hours Average residual electricity demand within one hour, the first Hours ago Hours and after Hours Average residual electricity demand over an hour. ; The power supply and demand mismatch area is in the first The remaining electricity demand for the hours minus the total The first value is obtained by calculating the average remaining electricity demand over the next hour. The common The average remaining electricity demand over the past hour minus the total The second value is obtained by calculating the average remaining electricity demand over the next hour. The power supply and demand mismatch area is in the first The remaining electricity demand for the next few hours is subtracted from the first and second values ​​to obtain the third value. The ratio of the first value to the sum of the first, second, and third values ​​is used as the first coefficient, and the power supply and demand mismatch area is divided into the second... Multiplying the remaining electricity demand for one hour by the first coefficient yields the result for the second hour. The proportion of remaining electricity demand within the first time window; The ratio of the second value to the sum of the first, second, and third values ​​is used as the second coefficient, which is used to classify the power supply and demand mismatch area in the first... Multiplying the remaining electricity demand for one hour by the second coefficient yields the result. The proportion of remaining electricity demand in the second time window; The ratio of the third value to the sum of the first, second, and third values ​​is the third coefficient, which is used to classify the power supply and demand mismatch area in the first... Multiplying the remaining electricity demand for one hour by the third coefficient yields the result. The proportion of remaining electricity demand in the third time window; The time spans within the first, second, and third time windows increase sequentially.

3. A coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid, characterized in that, include: The objective function establishment module is used to calculate the total grid cost by subtracting the capacity tariff revenue and electricity tariff revenue of the pumped storage system from the sum of the equivalent annual investment cost of the power lines, the total equivalent annual investment cost of the pumped storage system and the electrochemical energy storage system, the annual operating cost of the grid, and the peak-shortage penalty cost. Based on this total grid cost, an objective function is established to minimize the total grid cost. Specifically, the equivalent annual investment cost of the power lines is obtained based on the length of the power lines, and the total equivalent annual investment cost of the pumped storage system and the electrochemical energy storage system is based on the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node, as well as the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of each node. The rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system are obtained. The annual operating cost of the power grid is obtained based on the total cost of new energy curtailment, the operating cost of thermal power plants, and the opportunity compensation cost. The total cost of new energy curtailment is obtained based on the curtailment power of new energy power plants. The opportunity compensation cost is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period. The peak load penalty cost of the power grid is obtained based on the load shedding amount of each node. The capacity electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system. The electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual power generation of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period. The objective function solving module is used to solve the objective function that minimizes the total cost of the power grid, obtaining the following parameters: the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; the rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period; the actual charging power and actual generating power of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period; the load shedding amount; and the power curtailment from renewable energy power plants. The electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage co-configuration module is used to calculate the peak deficit rate based on the load shedding and the renewable energy absorption rate based on the power curtailment of renewable energy power plants. If both the peak deficit rate and the renewable energy absorption rate meet the corresponding thresholds, the module configures the electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in the power grid based on the following parameters: the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; the rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; the actual charging power and actual discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period; and the actual charging power and actual power generation power of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period.

4. The coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in the power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the objective function establishment module, the specific method for establishing an objective function that minimizes the total grid cost based on the total grid cost is as follows: In the formula, The objective function is to minimize the total cost of the power grid. The equivalent annual investment cost of power grid lines. The total equivalent annual investment cost for pumped storage systems and electrochemical energy storage systems. The annual operating cost of the power grid, Penalty costs for insufficient peak power generation For the capacity electricity price revenue of pumped storage systems, The revenue generated from the electricity price of pumped storage systems.

5. The coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the equivalent annual investment cost of power grid lines based on the power grid line length is as follows: In the formula, The equivalent annual investment cost of power grid lines. The economic service life of power grid lines. The annual discount rate is 10%. For nodes With nodes The unit investment cost of the line between them, For nodes With nodes The length of the line between them; For the node With nodes New between The decision variable for the route is either 0 or 1; if the route is built, then... The value is 1, otherwise The value is 0; This is a set of candidate routes.

6. The coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the equivalent annual total investment cost of the pumped storage system and the electrochemical energy storage system based on the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node, as well as the rated charge / discharge power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node, is as follows: In the formula, The equivalent annual total investment cost for pumped storage systems and electrochemical energy storage systems. The equivalent annual investment cost of an electrochemical energy storage system, The equivalent annual investment cost of a pumped storage system. and These refer to the economic service life of electrochemical energy storage systems and the economic service life of pumped hydro storage systems, respectively. and They are respectively at the node Configure 0 or 1 decision variables for electrochemical energy storage systems and pumped hydro storage systems, if at node Constructing electrochemical energy storage systems The value is 1, otherwise If it is 0, then at node Constructing pumped storage systems The value is 1, otherwise =0; and They are nodes Unit power and node of electrochemical energy storage system The unit capacity investment cost of electrochemical energy storage systems; , and They are nodes Discharge power capacity, unit investment cost, and node of pumped storage systems Pumped storage system charging power capacity, unit investment cost, and node Unit investment cost of energy storage capacity of pumped storage systems; and They are nodes Rated charge / discharge power and node of electrochemical energy storage system Energy storage capacity of electrochemical energy storage systems , and They are respectively at the node Rated discharge power capacity and nodes of pumped storage systems Rated charging power capacity and nodes of pumped storage systems The energy storage capacity of pumped storage systems and These are the candidate installation node sets for electrochemical energy storage systems and the candidate installation node sets for pumped hydro storage systems, respectively.

7. The coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the objective function establishment module, the annual operating cost of the power grid is obtained based on the total cost of renewable energy curtailment, the operating cost of thermal power plants, and the opportunity compensation cost. The total cost of renewable energy curtailment is obtained based on the curtailment power of renewable energy power plants. The specific method for obtaining the opportunity compensation cost based on the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period is as follows: In the formula, The annual operating cost of the power grid, , and These are the costs of curtailment of renewable energy generation, operating costs of thermal power plants, and opportunity compensation costs. and The first New energy power plant node sets and thermal power plant node sets, This refers to a collection of types of renewable energy power plants, including wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, and hydropower plants. and The first The cost of curtailment penalties per unit of electricity generated by new energy power plants and the cost of electricity generated per unit of electricity generated by thermal power plants. and The first New energy power plant During the period Theoretical output power, the first New energy power plant During the period The actual output power For the first New energy power plant During the period The power of abandoned electricity, For thermal power plants During the period Power generation capacity, For time period The set, For the first Opportunity compensation cost coefficient for fluctuations in new energy power generation. For the first New energy power plant During the period High-frequency power requiring compensation by electrochemical energy storage systems , Installed in new energy power plants Electrochemical energy storage systems during time periods Actual charging power, installed in new energy power plants Electrochemical energy storage systems during time periods The actual discharge power, For the first New energy power plants The power generation capacity exceeds the power value required for grid connection volatility.

8. The coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the grid peak shortage penalty cost based on the load shedding amount of each node is as follows: In the formula, To incur penalties for insufficient peak performance, The cost of load shedding per unit of electricity. For time period Load Node The shear load, This is the set of load nodes.

9. The coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the capacity electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system based on the rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system is as follows: Capacity charge revenue for pumped storage systems: In the formula, For the capacity electricity price revenue of pumped storage systems, The capacity-based electricity price for pumped storage systems. For nodes The rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system.

10. The coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the objective function establishment module, the specific method for obtaining the electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system based on the actual charging power and actual power generation of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period is as follows: In the formula, For the electricity price revenue of pumped storage systems, For time period Spot market clearing electricity prices and They are nodes Pumped storage systems during time periods The actual charging power and the actual generating power.

11. The coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific method for solving the objective function in the objective function solving module to minimize the total cost of the power grid is as follows: Establish power balance constraints at grid nodes, power flow constraints on grid lines, state of charge constraints of pumped hydro storage systems, and actual discharge power constraints of electrochemical energy storage systems. Under these constraints, a mixed-integer linear programming algorithm is used to simulate grid operation time-by-time, and the objective function of minimizing the total grid cost is solved using the GUROBI solver.

12. The coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in the power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power balance constraint of the power grid node is: In the formula, and These are the node-branch association matrices for the existing routes and the candidate routes, respectively. , For time period The active power output of thermal power plants, The contributions of new energy power plants , Time periods Actual electrochemical energy storage charge and discharge power vector and time period The actual charge and discharge power vector of pumped storage. For time period line The load; The power flow constraints of the power grid lines are: ； ； In the formula, , Time periods With the line Connected nodes Phase angle, time period With the line Connected nodes phase angle, For the line Reactance, For time period line The maximum load limit; The state of charge constraints for the pumped hydro storage system are: ； ； In the formula, , These are the upper limit of the state of charge for pumped hydro storage and the lower limit of the state of charge for pumped hydro storage, respectively. For nodes The pumped-storage hydroelectric system is in a charged state, dividing the year into 8760 hours. For nodes Pumped storage during the period This represents the state of charge at hour 0. For nodes Pumped storage during the period The state of charge at the 8760th hour; The actual discharge power constraint of the electrochemical energy storage system is: ； ； In the formula, This is the power supply adequacy coefficient. For access lines Electrochemical energy storage systems during time periods The discharge power.

13. The coordinated configuration system of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage co-configuration module, the specific methods for calculating the peak deficit rate based on the load shedding and the renewable energy absorption rate based on the curtailed power of renewable energy power plants are as follows: ； ； In the formula, Peak shortage rate For time period The set, For time period The theoretical total load demand, For time period Load Node The shear load, For load node set, For the new energy consumption rate, and The first New energy power plant During the period Theoretical output power, the first New energy power plant During the period The actual output power For the first New energy power plant During the period The amount of abandoned electricity.

14. A method for synergistic energy replenishment of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid, characterized in that, include: Subtracting the power generation of a region from its power consumption in a region with a power supply-demand mismatch yields the surplus power demand in that region. Multiple time windows with progressively increasing time spans are set up, and the surplus electricity demand in areas with mismatched electricity supply and demand is divided into components of surplus electricity demand in each time window using a moving average method. Based on the differences in the time span within each time window, and combined with the discharge characteristics of electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage, the components of surplus electricity demand in each time window are matched with electrochemical energy storage replenishment and pumped storage replenishment. Based on the matching results, the surplus electricity demand in areas where electricity supply and demand are mismatched is supplemented.

15. A method for the coordinated configuration of electrochemical energy storage and pumped hydro storage in a power grid, characterized in that, include: The total grid cost is obtained by summing the equivalent annual investment cost of power lines, the total equivalent annual investment cost of pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage systems, the annual grid operating cost, and the peak-shortage penalty cost. This is followed by subtracting the capacity and electricity price revenues of the pumped storage systems. An objective function to minimize this total grid cost is then established. The equivalent annual investment cost of power lines is determined based on the length of the power lines. The total equivalent annual investment cost of the pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage systems is calculated based on the energy storage capacity, rated discharge capacity, and rated charging capacity of the pumped storage systems at each node, as well as the electrochemical energy storage capacity at each node. The rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the system are obtained. The annual operating cost of the power grid is obtained based on the total cost of new energy curtailment, the operating cost of thermal power plants, and the opportunity compensation cost. The total cost of new energy curtailment is obtained based on the curtailment power of new energy power plants. The opportunity compensation cost is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period. The peak load penalty cost of the power grid is obtained based on the load shedding amount of each node. The capacity electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the rated discharge power capacity of the pumped storage system. The electricity price revenue of the pumped storage system is obtained based on the actual charging power and actual power generation of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period. Solving the objective function to minimize the total cost of the power grid yields the following parameters: energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; actual charging power and actual discharging power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node during each time period; actual charging power and actual generating power of the pumped storage system at each node during each time period; load shedding; and power curtailment from renewable energy power plants. The peak load deficit rate is calculated based on the load shedding, and the renewable energy absorption rate is calculated based on the power curtailment of renewable energy power plants. If both the peak load deficit rate and the renewable energy absorption rate meet the corresponding thresholds, then the following parameters are used to configure the electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in the power grid: the energy storage capacity, rated discharge power capacity, and rated charging power capacity of the pumped storage system at each node; the rated charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node; the actual charging power and actual discharge power of the electrochemical energy storage system at each node in each time period; and the actual charging power and actual power generation power of the pumped storage system at each node in each time period.

16. A computer-readable medium storing a computer program / instructions, characterized in that, The computer program / instructions, when running, implement the method for coordinated energy replenishment of electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in the power grid as described in claim 14, or the method for coordinated configuration of electrochemical energy storage and pumped storage in the power grid as described in claim 15.

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