Substrates with high porosity and low bulk density

Abstract

The present invention relates to a substrate comprising an inorganic matrix comprising an interconnected pore structure. The total pore volume of the matrix determined by mercury porometry is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density of the matrix is less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm < 3 >.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 535342, filed August 30, 2023, pursuant to 35 USC §119, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Background Technology

[0003] One method for removing CO2 from a point source or ambient air involves passing a CO2-laden stream through a substrate containing an adsorbent that adsorbs CO2. The CO2 can then be removed by desorption (e.g., via heating the substrate). However, CO2 removal from conventional substrates can be limited by the substrate's bulk density (heat capacity), requiring more energy to heat and desorb CO2. Limitations on the amount of adsorbent that can be added to the substrate may also restrict its CO2 removal efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a substrate comprising an inorganic matrix. The inorganic matrix includes an interconnected porous structure. The total pore volume of the matrix, determined by mercury porosimetry, is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3 .

[0005] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a substrate comprising an inorganic matrix. The inorganic matrix includes an interconnected porous structure. The inorganic matrix may include interconnected burst hollow glass beads. The total pore volume of the matrix, determined by mercury porosimetry, is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density is less than or equal to 0.1 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.4 g / cm 3 The substrate may further include a coating. The coating may include a catalyst, an adsorbent for adsorbing and desorbing CO2, or a combination thereof.

[0006] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a substrate as an extruded and sintered product of an extrudable composition. The extrudable composition may include a binder and / or sintering aid. The extrudable composition may include hollow glass beads. The extrudable composition may also include graphite particles.

[0007] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a substrate as an extruded and sintered product of an extrudable composition. The extrudable composition includes a binder and / or sintering aid. The extrudable composition includes hollow glass beads. The extrudable composition also includes graphite particles. The substrate comprises an inorganic matrix. The inorganic matrix comprises an interconnected porous structure. The total pore volume of the matrix, determined by mercury porosimetry, is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3Most, or virtually all, hollow glass beads crack or burst during firing.

[0008] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a method for forming a substrate. The method includes extruding an extrudable composition. The method further includes firing the extruded composition to form a substrate.

[0009] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a method for forming a substrate. The method includes extruding an extrudable composition. The extrudable composition includes a binder and / or a sintering aid. The extrudable composition includes hollow glass beads. The extrudable composition also includes graphite particles. The method further includes sintering the extruded composition to form a substrate. The substrate includes an inorganic matrix. The inorganic matrix includes an interconnected porous structure. The total pore volume of the matrix, determined by mercury porosimetry, is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3 Most, or virtually all, hollow glass beads crack or burst during firing.

[0010] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a method of using a substrate comprising a coating that includes an adsorbent for adsorbing and desorbing CO2. The method includes exposing the substrate to a gas stream comprising CO2 to adsorb at least some of the CO2 from the gas stream into the coating on the substrate. The method further includes desorbing CO2 from the coating on the substrate, the desorption comprising applying a potential at both ends of the substrate to heat the substrate.

[0011] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a method for using a substrate comprising a coating, the coating comprising a catalyst. The method includes exposing the substrate to a gas stream to catalyze a chemical reaction of one or more components in the gas stream using the catalyst.

[0012] The substrate and its inorganic matrix of this disclosure may have greater porosity and / or lower density than other substrates, for example, compared to other substrates formed from glass beads. The inorganic matrix of the substrate of this disclosure may include greater porosity and / or lower density than other substrates formed from hollow glass beads, for example, due to the removal of graphite particles during firing. In various aspects of this disclosure, incorporating graphite particles, binders, and / or sintering aids, or combinations thereof, into the extrudable composition can control and / or avoid shrinkage during firing. Compared to other substrates formed from glass beads, the substrate and its inorganic matrix of this disclosure can be formed with less shrinkage in the extrudable composition extruded during firing, thereby providing greater porosity and / or lower density. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings illustrate various aspects of this disclosure by way of example rather than limitation.

[0014] Figure 1 An example substrate with a honeycomb form is illustrated according to the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0015] Figure 2 A graph showing temperature versus time during the firing step at 900°C under nitrogen atmosphere is presented.

[0016] Figure 3 SEM images of a sample substrate containing a composition including glass beads after firing are shown.

[0017] Figure 4 SEM images of a sample substrate containing a composition including glass beads after firing are shown. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Reference will now be made to certain aspects of the disclosed subject matter. While the disclosed subject matter will be described in conjunction with the enumerated claims, it should be understood that the illustrated subject matter is not intended to limit the claims to the disclosed subject matter.

[0019] Throughout this document, values ​​expressed in range format should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical value explicitly stated as the limit of the range but also all individual numerical values ​​or subranges covered within the range, as if each numerical value and subrange were explicitly stated. For example, the range “about 0.1% to about 5%” or “about 0.1% to 5%” should be understood to include not only about 0.1% to about 5% but also the individual values ​​within the range shown (e.g., 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and subranges (e.g., 0.1% to 0.5%, 1.1% to 2.2%, 3.3% to 4.4%). Unless otherwise specified, the expression “about X to Y” has the same meaning as “about X to about Y”. Similarly, unless otherwise specified, the statement “about X, Y, or about Z” has the same meaning as “about X, about Y, or about Z”.

[0020] In this document, unless the context clearly specifies otherwise, the terms “a,” “an,” or “the” are used to include one or more. Unless otherwise specified, the term “or” is used to mean a non-exclusive “or.” The statements “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” have the same meaning as “A, B, or A and B.” Furthermore, it should be understood that phrases or terms used herein without further definition are for descriptive purposes only and not for limiting purposes. Any use of section headings is intended to aid reading the document and should not be construed as restrictive; information relating to a section heading may appear within or outside the specific section in question.

[0021] In the methods described herein, actions may be performed in the specific order described herein. Additionally, in any aspect disclosed herein, except where the timing or sequence of operations is explicitly stated, specific actions may be performed in any order without departing from the principles of the invention. Furthermore, specified actions may be performed simultaneously unless the explicit language of the claims states that they are performed individually or the ordinary meaning of the claims would require it. For example, the claimed action of doing X and the claimed action of doing Y may be performed simultaneously within a single operation, and the resulting process will fall within the literal scope of the claimed process.

[0022] As used herein, the term “about” may allow for a degree of variability in a value or range, for example, within 10%, 5%, or 1% of the stated value or range limits, and includes the exact stated value or range.

[0023] As used herein, the term “substantially” means the majority or majority, such as at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%, 99.99%, or at least about 99.999% or more, or 100%. As used herein, the term “substantially free” can mean having none or having a negligible amount of material such that the amount of material present does not affect the material properties of the composition comprising the material, such that about 0 wt% to about 5 wt% of the composition is the material, or about 0 wt% to about 1 wt%, or about 5 wt% or less, or less than or equal to about 4.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.01 wt%, or about 0.001 wt% or less, or about 0 wt%.

[0024] Base.

[0025] In various respects, this disclosure describes a porous substrate. The substrate comprises an inorganic matrix. The inorganic matrix may be a glass matrix, a ceramic matrix, or a combination thereof. The inorganic matrix comprises an interconnected pore structure. The total pore volume of the matrix, determined by mercury porosimetry, may be greater than or equal to 70%. The bulk density of the matrix, determined by mercury porosimetry, may be less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3For example, mercury porosimetry for determining total pore volume and / or bulk density can be performed according to ASTM D6761-07 (2012). In each respect, the substrate can be a monolithic substrate (e.g., a substrate formed from a single continuous extrusion form). In each respect, the substrate can be multiple monolithic substrates (e.g., a substrate formed by placing two or more single continuous extrusion forms together).

[0026] The matrix can have any suitable bulk density. Bulk density is the mass of the matrix divided by the total volume occupied by the matrix, which includes particle volume, interparticle void volume, and internal pore volume (intergranular voids), but excludes longitudinal channels (e.g., the portion of the matrix considered as open front area when viewed from the longitudinal end of the matrix). The total volume occupied by a matrix with a honeycomb form can be defined as the portion of the matrix considered as closed front area (CFA) when viewed from the longitudinal end of the matrix, as opposed to the portion of open front area (OFA), where CFA and OFA are given as complementary percentages totaling 100%. Specifically, OFA corresponds to the portion of the cross-sectional area occupied by the open channels of the honeycomb matrix, while CFA corresponds to the remaining portion occupied by the intersecting walls of the matrix. For example, the bulk density of a matrix (e.g., without any coating added thereto) can be less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3 or 0.1 g / cm 3 Up to 0.4 g / cm 3 or 0.15 g / cm 3 Up to 0.35 g / cm 3 or less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³ 3 And greater than or equal to 0.1 g / cm 3 And less than, equal to or greater than 0.1 g / cm³ 3 0.13 g / cm 3 0.15 g / cm 3 0.17 g / cm 3 0.2 g / cm 3 0.23 g / cm 3 0.25 g / cm 3 0.27g / cm 3 0.3 g / cm 3 0.33 g / cm 3 0.35 g / cm 3 Or 0.37 g / cm 3The matrix (e.g., without any coating added thereto) may have any suitable total pore volume, determined by mercury porosimetry, for example, greater than or equal to 70%, or 70% to 95%, or 80% to 90%, or less than or equal to 95% and greater than or equal to 70%, and less than, equal to, or greater than 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, or 94%. As used herein, the total pore volume includes only the pores accessible during mercury porosimetry and excludes closed pores.

[0027] The substrate and its inorganic matrix can have any suitable physical form. In various aspects, the physical form is a honeycomb form, such as an extruded honeycomb form, wherein there are multiple compartments defining longitudinally extending parallel channels through the honeycomb form. The compartments can be formed from an array of intersecting walls or a matrix (e.g., an inorganic matrix). Figure 1 An example of a porous substrate 100 having a honeycomb form is shown. For example, the honeycomb form can be achieved by extruding a mixture (which may be referred to as a batch mixture) through a suitable honeycomb extrusion die. After extrusion, the green body can be dried and / or fired. For example, firing can be used to react the ceramic precursor particles into one or more ceramic phases, and / or sinter the particles together to form the glass and / or ceramic materials described herein.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a substrate 100 extends in an axial direction 105 between a first end face 101 and a second end face 103. The substrate 100 includes a plurality of porous walls 102 made of a ceramic and / or glass material further described herein. The porous walls 102 are arranged in an intersecting array and define a plurality of channels 104 extending axially through the substrate 100. Thus, the first end 101 can receive a fluid flow, such as a flow containing carbon dioxide (if used in a carbon capture system) or an exhaust gas flow (if used with a catalytic conversion system), and the fluid flow travels through the channels 104 through the substrate 100 and exits from the second end 103. Figure 1 In one example, the cross-section of channel 104 of base 100 is square. However, in other examples, channel 104 can be of different shapes, such as hexagonal, triangular, or some other shape.

[0029] exist Figure 1In this example, substrate 100 is depicted as substantially cylindrical (with a circular cross-section). However, in other examples, substrate 100 can be any suitable shape. For example, substrate 100 can be shaped as a rectangular block to facilitate stacking into an array suitable for large-scale carbon dioxide capture systems. The cross-sectional shape can be defined relative to one or more lateral directions. That is, a lateral direction refers to a direction perpendicular to the axial direction. Therefore, a lateral direction can be defined as any direction perpendicular to the axial direction. For example, Figure 1 The horizontal direction 107 is marked in the middle, which corresponds to the radial direction of the cylinder shape shown.

[0030] The honeycomb form can have any suitable perimeter profile or shape, such as circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, hexagonal, triangular, polygonal, or irregular shape. When viewed from one end of the honeycomb form, the compartments can have any suitable profile, such as circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, hexagonal, triangular, polygonal, or irregular shape, like a honeycomb shape. For example, one possible combination is a cylindrical substrate with square compartments (circular perimeter profile). Compared to other forms (such as filled granular beds), using a honeycomb form can advantageously reduce the pressure drop of the fluid flow from one axial end of the matrix to the other. Cellular configurations may include any suitable number of cells per square inch (e.g., as measured when viewed from one end), such as 20 to 1000 cells or 50 to 600 cells per square inch, or less than or equal to 1000 cells per square inch and greater than or equal to 20 square inches, and less than, equal to, or greater than 40 square inches, 60 cells, 80 cells, 100 cells, 120 cells, 140 cells, 160 cells, etc. 180 compartments, 200 compartments, 220 compartments, 240 compartments, 260 compartments, 280 compartments, 300 compartments, 320 compartments, 340 compartments, 360 compartments, 400 compartments, 450 compartments, 500 compartments, 550 compartments, 600 compartments, 650 compartments, 700 compartments, 750 compartments, 800 compartments, 850 compartments, 900 compartments, or 950 compartments. The compartments in the cellular form have any suitable wall thickness, such as 0.001 inches to 0.1 inches, or 0.002 inches to 0.05 inches, or less than or equal to 0.1 inches and greater than or equal to 0.001 inches, and less than, equal to or greater than 0.002 inches, 0.003 inches, 0.004 inches, 0.005 inches, 0.006 inches, 0.007 inches, 0.008 inches, 0.009 inches, 0.01 inches, 0.011 inches, 0.012 inches, 0.013 inches, 0.014 inches, 0.015 inches, 0.016 inches, 0.017 inches, 0.018 inches, 0.019 inches, 0.02 inches, 0.025 inches, 0.03 inches, 0.035 inches, 0.04 inches, or 0.045 inches. In various aspects, the cells in a cellular form can include a geometry of 100 / 8 or 200 / 8 cells per square inch / 0.001 inch wall thickness.

[0031] The substrate can have any suitable open front area. Open front area (OFA) is the percentage of the cross-sectional area of ​​the longitudinal channels in a honeycomb configuration, through which, for example, gas can flow. In contrast, closed front area (CFA) is the percentage of the cross-sectional area (perpendicular to the axial or longitudinal direction) of the intersecting walls of the substrate (i.e., excluding the open front area). For example, the open front area of ​​the substrate can be 70-95%, 75-90%, 78-85%, or less than 95% and greater than or equal to 70%, and less than, equal to, or greater than 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, or 94%.

[0032] The substrate may optionally include a coating on the matrix (e.g., on the matrix, in the matrix, or a combination thereof), comprising a catalyst, an adsorbent for adsorbing and desorbing CO2, another functional material, or a combination thereof. In various aspects, the coating may adhere directly to the inorganic matrix material, wherein the substrate does not contain an intermediate binder layer between the coating and the inorganic matrix material. However, in various aspects, the substrate may include a binder layer between the coating and the inorganic matrix material. The binder layer may be any suitable binder layer. The binder layer may be a carrier coating material. The binder layer may include a deposition of high surface area particles, such as γ-alumina, zeolite, activated carbon, or a combination thereof. A coating including a catalyst may be a catalyst, or may include one or more other components. A coating including an adsorbent may be an adsorbent, or may include one or more other components. The adsorbent may be any suitable adsorbent for adsorbing and desorbing CO2, such as zeolite, sodium carbonate, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), amines, or a combination thereof. The substrate including the coating containing adsorbent and / or catalyst may include any suitable loading level of adsorbent or catalyst, such as 0.1 wt% to 99% wt% (e.g., 0.1 wt% to 99 wt% of the substrate including the coating is adsorbent or catalyst), 1 wt% to 90 wt%, or less than or equal to 99% wt% and greater than or equal to 0.1 wt%, and less than, equal to, or greater than 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%, 10 wt%, 12 wt%, 16 wt%, 18 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt%, 75 wt%, 80 wt%, 82 wt%, 84 wt%, 86 wt%, 88 wt%, 90 wt%, 91 wt%, 92 wt%, 93 wt%, 94 wt%. wt%, 95 wt%, 96 wt%, 97 wt% or 98 wt%.

[0033] The substrate may be substantially free of unbursted and / or broken hollow glass beads. For example, the substrate may be substantially free of unbursted and / or broken hollow glass beads during the firing step that forms the substrate. For example, unbursted and non-breakable hollow glass beads may constitute 0 wt% of the substrate, or equal to or less than 5 wt%, 4 wt%, 3 wt%, 2 wt%, 1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, or equal to or less than 0.1 wt%, or 0 wt% to 5 wt% of the substrate, or less than or equal to 5 wt% and greater than or equal to 0 wt%, 0.01 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%, or 4.5 wt%.

[0034] In various aspects, the substrate of this disclosure can be an extruded and sintered product of an extrudable composition. The extrudable composition may include binders and / or sintering aids. The extrudable composition may include hollow glass beads. The extrudable composition may also include graphite particles. The extrudable composition may be an extrudable paste comprising the foregoing components as well as a liquid component, such as water, oil, fatty acids, or other extrusion aids or lubricants.

[0035] The binder and / or sintering aid can be any suitable binder and / or sintering aid. For example, the binder may include organic binders, inorganic binders, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polymers, thermosetting resins, carbon precursors, or combinations thereof. The binder may include cellulose derivatives. In various aspects, the sintering aid may include borates, phosphates, transition metal oxides, oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, silicates, aluminosilicates, or combinations thereof. The sintering aid may include talc, clay, MgO, alumina, or combinations thereof. The cellulose derivative may include (C1-C3)alkylhydroxy(C1-C3)alkylcellulose, or (C1-C3)alkylhydroxycellulose, or (C1-C3)alkylcellulose, or (C1-C3)alkyl(C1-C3)alkylcellulose, or methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, propylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, or combinations thereof. The binder and / or sintering aid may comprise 0 wt% to 30 wt% of the extrudable composition, for example, 5 wt% to 30 wt%, 10 wt% to 15 wt%, or less than or equal to 30 wt% and greater than or equal to 0 wt%, and less than, equal to, or greater than 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt%, 26 wt%, 27 wt%, 28 wt%, or 29 wt% based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition. The binder may comprise 0 wt% to 30 wt% of the extrudable composition on a dry weight basis, for example, 1 wt% to 15 wt%, or less than or equal to 30 wt% and greater than or equal to 0 wt%, and less than, equal to, or greater than 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt%, 26 wt%, 27 wt%, 28 wt%, or 29 wt%.Based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition, the sintering aid may account for 0 wt% to 30 wt% of the extrudable composition, for example, 1 wt% to 15 wt%, or less than or equal to 30 wt% and greater than or equal to 0 wt%, and less than, equal to or greater than 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt%, 26 wt%, 27 wt%, 28 wt%, or 29 wt%.

[0036] Hollow glass beads can have any suitable d 50 Diameter, for example d 50 Diameters ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers, 20 to 80 micrometers, or less than or equal to 100 micrometers and greater than or equal to 10 micrometers, and less than, equal to, or greater than 15 micrometers, 20 micrometers, 25 micrometers, 30 micrometers, 35 micrometers, 40 micrometers, 45 micrometers, 50 micrometers, 55 micrometers, 60 micrometers, 65 micrometers, 70 micrometers, 75 micrometers, 80 micrometers, 85 micrometers, 90 micrometers, or 95 micrometers. As used herein, d 50 The diameter is the average particle size by mass, which makes the material's d 50 The diameter is less than 50% of the material by mass and also greater than 50% of the material by mass. Based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition, hollow glass microspheres may constitute 30 wt% to 90 wt%, or 50 wt% to 70 wt%, or less than or equal to 90 wt% and greater than or equal to 30 wt%, and less than, equal to, or greater than 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 42 wt%, 44 wt%, 46 wt%, 48 wt%, 50 wt%, 51 wt%, 52 wt%, 53 wt%, 54 wt%, 55 wt%, 56 wt%, 57 wt%, 58 wt%, 59 wt%, 60 wt%, 61 wt%, 62 wt%, 63 wt%, 64 wt%, 65 wt%, 66 wt%, 67 wt%, 68 wt%, 69 wt%, 70 wt%, 72 wt%, 74 wt%, 76 wt%, 78 wt%, 80 wt%, or 85 wt%.

[0037] Graphite particles can be any suitable type of graphite, such as natural graphite, synthetic graphite, or a combination thereof. The maximum size of the graphite particles, or d... 50It can be 0.1 micrometer to 50 micrometers, or 1 micrometer to 30 micrometers, or less than or equal to 50 micrometers and greater than or equal to 0.1 micrometers, and less than, equal to or greater than 0.5 micrometers, 1 micrometer, 2 micrometers, 4 micrometers, 6 micrometers, 8 micrometers, 10 micrometers, 12 micrometers, 14 micrometers, 16 micrometers, 18 micrometers, 20 micrometers, 22 micrometers, 24 micrometers, 26 micrometers or 28 micrometers. Based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition, graphite particles may constitute 5 wt% to 80 wt% of the extrudable composition, for example 15 wt% to 40 wt%, or less than or equal to 80 wt% and greater than or equal to 5 wt%, and less than, equal to or greater than 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 18 wt%, 20 wt%, 22 wt%, 24 wt%, 26 wt%, 28 wt%, 30 wt%, 32 wt%, 34 wt%, 36 wt%, 38 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt% or 75 wt%.

[0038] In all respects, the graphite particles in the extrudable composition can be substantially oxidized and removed from the substrate, for example, during the calcination step. For example, the graphite particles can constitute 0 wt% of the substrate, or equal to or less than 5 wt%, 4 wt%, 3 wt%, 2 wt%, 1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, or equal to or less than 0.1 wt%, or 0 wt% to 5 wt% of the substrate, or less than or equal to 5 wt% and greater than or equal to 0 wt%, 0.01 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%, or 4.5 wt%.

[0039] Extrudable compositions may include any suitable one or more optional components. For example, extrudable compositions may further include surfactants (e.g., sodium stearate), lubricants (e.g., lubricating oils), or combinations thereof. One or more optional components may constitute any suitable proportion of the extrudable composition, on a dry weight basis, for example, 0 wt% to 30 wt%, 0 wt% to 10 wt%, or 1 wt% to 5 wt%, or less than or equal to 10 wt% and greater than or equal to 0 wt%, and less than, equal to, or greater than 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 12 wt%, 14 wt%, 16 wt%, 18 wt%, 20 wt%, 22 wt%, 24 wt%, 26 wt%, or 28 wt%.

[0040] The extrudable composition may further comprise one or more solvents. The one or more solvents may include aqueous solvents (e.g., including water), organic solvents, oils, or combinations thereof. The solvent may constitute any suitable proportion of the extrudable composition, for example, 10 wt% to 80 wt%, or 30 wt% to 50 wt%, or less than or equal to 80 wt% and greater than or equal to 10 wt%, and less than, equal to, or greater than 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt%, or 75 wt%.

[0041] Methods for forming a substrate.

[0042] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a method for forming a substrate. The method may include extruding an extrudable composition described herein, wherein the extrudable composition comprises a binder and / or sintering aid, hollow glass beads, and graphite particles. The method may also include firing the extruded composition to form a substrate.

[0043] The method may also include drying the extruded composition. Drying can be any suitable drying process to remove most or substantially all of the solvent from the extruded composition. Drying can be combined with a firing step (e.g., firing can dry the extruded composition), or drying can be a step independent of the drying step (e.g., drying is performed before firing). Drying may include heating the extruded composition (e.g., by exposing the extruded composition to a heat source) and / or exposing the extruded composition to microwaves. Drying may include placing the extruded composition under a vacuum. Drying may include a combination of placing the extruded composition under a vacuum and heating the extruded composition.

[0044] Firing can be any suitable firing process for sintering the extruded composition to form an inorganic matrix of the substrate. Firing can cause sintering of binders and / or sintering aids. Firing can cause hollow glass beads in the extruded extrudable composition to break and / or burst. Firing can cause graphite in the extruded extrudable composition to oxidize and / or be removed during firing. In some aspects, firing can cause hollow glass beads to break and / or burst without oxidizing and / or removing graphite, for example, by firing in an inert atmosphere. Firing may include heating the extruded extrudable composition to the following firing temperatures: 600°C to 1100°C, or 800°C to 950°C, or 820°C to 870°C, or 875°C to 925°C, or less than or equal to 1100°C and greater than or equal to 600°C, and less than, equal to, or greater than 620°C, 640°C, 660°C, 680°C, 700°C, 720°C, 740°C, 760°C, 760°C, 775 ... The firing temperatures can be 0°C, 780°C, 800°C, 810°C, 820°C, 830°C, 840°C, 850°C, 860°C, 870°C, 880°C, 890°C, 900°C, 910°C, 920°C, 930°C, 940°C, 950°C, 960°C, 970°C, 980°C, 990°C, 1000°C, 1020°C, 1040°C, 1060°C, or 1080°C. Firing can be performed in air or an inert gas (e.g., argon and / or nitrogen). Firing may include firing under nitrogen followed by firing in air. To effectively remove graphite particles, firing may include firing in air or other oxygen-containing atmospheres to provide oxidation and removal of the graphite particles. Firing involves firing at a temperature of 600°C to 1100°C under an inert gas, such as nitrogen, followed by firing in air at the same temperature. Firing under an inert gas causes most or virtually all of the hollow glass beads to break or burst without burning out or destroying the graphite particles. Subsequent firing in air burns out the graphite particles. Firing can be carried out for any suitable duration. For example, firing may include firing at a firing temperature for 0 minutes to 1 hour, or less than or equal to 1 hour and greater than or equal to 1 minute, and less than, equal to or greater than 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes, 8 minutes, 10 minutes, 12 minutes, 14 minutes, 16 minutes, 18 minutes, 20 minutes, 22 minutes, 24 minutes, 26 minutes, 28 minutes, 30 minutes, 32 minutes, 34 minutes, 36 minutes, 38 minutes, 40 minutes, 42 minutes, 44 minutes, 46 minutes, 48 ​​minutes, 50 minutes, 52 minutes, 54 minutes, 56 minutes or 58 minutes.Firing may include increasing the temperature to and / or decreasing it from the firing temperature at any suitable rate, such as 10°C / hour to 800°C / hour, or 100°C / hour to 600°C / hour, or less than or equal to 800°C / hour and greater than or equal to 10°C / hour, and less than, equal to, or greater than 20°C / hour, 40°C / hour, 60°C / hour, 80°C / hour, 100°C / hour, 150°C / hour, 200°C / hour, 250°C / hour, 300°C / hour, 350°C / hour, 400°C / hour, 450°C / hour, 500°C / hour, 550°C / hour, 600°C / hour, 750°C / hour, 700°C / hour, or 750°C / hour. In all respects, firing under an inert gas is carried out at a higher temperature than firing under air.

[0045] The shrinkage of the substrate (e.g., the reduction in size measured along one edge of the substrate) compared to the extruded composition (e.g., the dried extruded product) can be 0% to 6%, or 0% to 2%, or less than or equal to 6% and greater than or equal to 0%, and less than, equal to, or greater than 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, or 5.5%.

[0046] Using a base method.

[0047] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a method of using a substrate comprising a coating on the matrix, the coating comprising an adsorbent capable of adsorbing and desorbing CO2. The method may include exposing the substrate to a CO2 gas stream to adsorb at least some CO2 from the gas stream. The method may also include desorbing CO2 from the coating on the matrix. In various aspects, desorbing CO2 from the coating on the matrix includes heating the substrate, for example via resistance heating, passing a hot gas (e.g., vapor) through the substrate, microwave heating, induction heating, via an external heat source surrounding the substrate, or a combination thereof. In various aspects, the method may further include encapsulating CO2, for example placing the CO2 in a storage tank.

[0048] The methods using the substrate described herein can be applied to any suitable CO2 removal method, such as direct air capture (DAC) or capturing CO2 at the effluent source. In all respects, the substrate described herein can withstand temperatures of 200°C or higher and can withstand humid environments.

[0049] Various aspects of this disclosure provide a method for using a substrate comprising a coating, the coating comprising a catalyst. The method may include exposing the substrate to a gas stream to catalyze a chemical reaction of one or more components in the gas stream using the catalyst.

[0050] Example

[0051] Various aspects of this disclosure can be better understood by referring to the following examples provided with the aid of illustrations. This disclosure is not limited to the examples given herein.

[0052] In this example, the firing process is carried out in two steps. The first step is firing at 900°C under nitrogen to open the glass bubble and release its internal pores. Graphite is included as a filler to control shrinkage. The second step is firing in air at above 800°C to remove the graphite. This releases the volume occupied by the graphite to obtain even higher porosity, while removing the weight contributed by the graphite to obtain even lower bulk density.

[0053] Figure 2 A temperature versus time graph is plotted during the first step of firing at 900°C under nitrogen. During the first step, the temperature is increased from ambient temperature to 900°C at a rate of 400°C / hour, and then cooled back to ambient temperature at a rate of 400°C / hour. The entire first step is carried out under nitrogen. In step 2, the material is fired in air at above 800°C for one hour to remove graphite. In the current example, 870°C is used in the second step for sample compositions A and B, while 820°C is used for all other samples. The entire second step is carried out in air.

[0054] As shown in Table 1, three different types of hollow glass spheres are used in the example compositions described herein.

[0055] Table 1. Types of hollow glass spheres used in the examples.

[0056]

[0057] The hollow glass spheres were supplied by Zhongke Yali Company. The graphite used was Asbury 4014. All samples in the examples were molded into 1-inch square honeycomb structures with 300 compartments per square inch and a wall thickness of 8 mils. The examples in this paper obtained porosities ranging from 84.47% to 89.25% and at 0.35 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.19 g / cm 3 The sintered honeycomb structure has a bulk density within the specified range. Porosity is the total pore volume measured by mercury porosimetry. Bulk density is measured by mercury porosimetry. Mercury porosimetry is performed according to ASTM D6761-07 (2012). The binder, Culminal 724, is methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose.

[0058] Example 1. H60 hollow glass sphere.

[0059] Table 2 lists two compositions, composition A and composition B, made from H60 glass hollow spheres. The binder and water in Table 2 are listed in parts added to 100 parts of H60 and graphite. Both samples were sintered at 900°C under nitrogen atmosphere and then fired in air at 870°C. The porosity and bulk density of the fired samples are shown in Table 3.

[0060] Table 2. Composition of Example 1.

[0061]

[0062] Table 3. Porosity and bulk density of the composition of Example 1 after firing.

[0063]

[0064] Figure 3 SEM images of the substrate prepared according to composition A sample after firing are shown.

[0065] Example 2. H46 glass hollow sphere.

[0066] Table 4 lists two compositions, composition C and composition D, made from H46 glass hollow spheres. The binder and water in Table 4 are listed in parts added to 100 parts of H46 and graphite. Both samples were sintered at 900°C under nitrogen atmosphere and then fired in air at 820°C. The porosity and bulk density of the fired samples are shown in Table 5.

[0067] Table 4. Composition of Example 2.

[0068]

[0069] Table 5. Porosity and bulk density of the compositions in Example 2 after firing.

[0070]

[0071] Example 3. H38 glass hollow sphere.

[0072] Table 6 lists two compositions, composition E and composition F, made from H38 glass hollow spheres. The binder and water in Table 6 are listed in parts added to 100 parts of H38 and graphite. Both samples were sintered at 900°C under nitrogen and then fired in air at 820°C. The porosity and bulk density of the fired samples are shown in Table 5.

[0073] Table 6. Composition of Example 3.

[0074]

[0075] Table 7. Porosity and bulk density of the calcined composition of Example 3.

[0076]

[0077] Figure 4 SEM images of the substrate prepared according to composition E sample after firing are shown. Scale bar represents 150 micrometers.

[0078] The terms and expressions used are descriptive rather than restrictive, and their use is not intended to exclude any equivalents of the features shown and described or any parts thereof, but it should be recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that while this disclosure has been specifically disclosed through particular aspects and optional features, modifications and variations of the concepts disclosed herein can be made by those skilled in the art, and such modifications and variations are considered to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0079] Exemplary aspect.

[0080] The following exemplary aspects are provided, and the numbering of these exemplary aspects should not be interpreted as indicating a level of importance:

[0081] Aspect 1 provides a substrate comprising:

[0082] An inorganic matrix comprising an interconnected porous structure, wherein the total pore volume of the matrix, as determined by mercury porosimetry, is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3 .

[0083] Aspect 2 provides a substrate according to aspect 1, wherein the total pore volume is 70% to 95%.

[0084] Aspect 3 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the total pore volume is 80% to 90%.

[0085] Aspect 4 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the bulk density of the substrate is 0.1 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.4 g / cm 3 .

[0086] Aspect 5 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the bulk density of the substrate is 0.15 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.35 g / cm 3 .

[0087] Aspect 6 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the substrate has a honeycomb shape having a plurality of compartments, the compartments comprising parallel channels extending longitudinally through the honeycomb shape.

[0088] Aspect 7 provides a substrate according to aspect 6, wherein the honeycomb form has a perimeter profile that is circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, hexagonal, triangular, polygonal, or irregular in shape.

[0089] Aspect 8 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 6 to 7, wherein when viewed from one end of the honeycomb form, the compartments of the honeycomb form have a circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, hexagonal, triangular, polygonal, or irregular shape.

[0090] Aspect 9 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the substrate comprises a coating comprising a catalyst, an adsorbent for adsorbing and desorbing CO2, or a combination thereof.

[0091] Aspect 10 provides a substrate according to aspect 9, wherein the adsorbent comprises zeolite, sodium carbonate, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), amines, or combinations thereof.

[0092] Aspect 11 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 9 to 10, wherein the coating is directly adhered to the interconnected porous structure, and wherein the substrate contains no intermediate layer between the coating and the inorganic matrix.

[0093] Aspect 12 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 9 to 11, wherein the substrate comprises a carrier coating between the interconnected porous structure and the coating comprising the adsorbent.

[0094] Aspect 13 provides a substrate according to aspect 12, wherein the carrier coating comprises γ-alumina, zeolite, activated carbon, or a combination thereof.

[0095] Aspect 14 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 12 to 13, wherein the carrier coating comprises γ-alumina.

[0096] Aspect 15 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein the substrate is substantially free of unbursted and / or broken hollow glass beads.

[0097] Aspect 16 provides a substrate comprising:

[0098] An inorganic matrix comprising an interconnected porous structure, wherein the total pore volume of the matrix, as determined by mercury porosimetry, is 75% to 95%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.1 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.4 g / cm 3 ;

[0099] The substrate contains a coating that contains an adsorbent for adsorbing and desorbing CO2.

[0100] Aspect 17 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the substrate or matrix is ​​an extruded and fired product of an extrudable composition, the extrudable composition comprising:

[0101] Adhesives and / or sintering aids;

[0102] Hollow glass beads; and

[0103] Graphite particles.

[0104] Aspect 18 provides a substrate according to aspect 17, wherein most or substantially all of the hollow glass beads in the substrate have cracked or burst during firing.

[0105] Aspect 19 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 18, wherein the size of the substrate or matrix, measured along its edge, is reduced by 0% to 6% compared to the extruded product.

[0106] Aspect 20 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 19, wherein the size of the substrate or matrix, measured along its edge, is reduced by 0% to 2% compared to the extruded product.

[0107] Aspect 21 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 20, wherein the binder and / or sintering aid constitute 0 wt% to 30 wt% of the extrudable composition, or 5 wt% to 30 wt% of the extrudable composition, based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition.

[0108] Aspect 22 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 21, wherein the binder and / or sintering aid constitute 10 wt% to 15 wt% of the extrudable composition by dry weight.

[0109] Aspect 23 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 22, wherein the adhesive comprises an inorganic adhesive, an organic adhesive, a polymer, a thermosetting resin, a carbon precursor, cellulose, a cellulose derivative, or a combination thereof. The adhesive may comprise a cellulose derivative.

[0110] Aspect 24 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 23, wherein the sintering aid comprises borates, phosphates, transition metal oxides, oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, silicates, aluminosilicates, or combinations thereof. The sintering aid may comprise talc, clay, MgO, alumina, or combinations thereof.

[0111] Aspect 25 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 24, wherein the hollow glass beads have a di of 10 micrometers to 100 micrometers. 50 diameter.

[0112] Aspect 26 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 25, wherein the hollow glass beads have a di of 20 micrometers to 80 micrometers. 50 diameter.

[0113] Aspect 27 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 26, wherein the hollow glass beads account for 30 wt% to 90 wt% of the extrudable composition based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition.

[0114] Aspect 28 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 27, wherein the hollow glass beads account for 50 wt% to 70 wt% of the extrudable composition based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition.

[0115] Aspect 29 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 28, wherein the graphite particles account for 5 wt% to 80 wt% of the extrudable composition based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition.

[0116] Aspect 30 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 29, wherein the graphite particles account for 15 wt% to 40 wt% of the extrudable composition based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition.

[0117] Aspect 31 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 30, wherein the graphite particles comprise natural graphite, synthetic graphite, or a combination thereof.

[0118] Aspect 32 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 31, wherein the d of the graphite particles 50 smaller than the hollow glass bead d 50 .

[0119] Aspect 33 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 32, wherein the graphite particles have a maximum size of 0.1 micrometers to 50 micrometers.

[0120] Aspect 34 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 33, wherein the graphite particles have a maximum size of 1 micrometer to 30 micrometers.

[0121] Aspect 35 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 34, wherein the graphite particles in the extrudable composition are substantially oxidized and removed in the substrate.

[0122] Aspect 36 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 35, wherein the extrudable composition further comprises a surfactant, a lubricant, an oil, or a combination thereof.

[0123] Aspect 37 provides a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 36, wherein the extrudable composition further comprises one or more solvents.

[0124] Aspect 38 provides a substrate comprising:

[0125] The extruded and calcined products of the extrudable composition, the extrudable composition comprising

[0126] Adhesives and / or sintering aids;

[0127] Hollow glass beads; and

[0128] Graphite particles;

[0129] The substrate comprises an inorganic matrix containing an interconnected porous structure, wherein the total pore volume of the matrix, determined by mercury porosimetry, is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3 Furthermore, in the substrate, most or substantially all of the hollow glass beads have cracked or burst during firing.

[0130] Aspect 39 provides a method for forming a substrate according to any one of aspects 17 to 38, the method comprising:

[0131] Extrusion of the extrudable composition; and

[0132] The extruded composition is fired to form the substrate.

[0133] Aspect 40 provides the method according to aspect 39, which further comprises drying the extruded composition, wherein the drying comprises heating, exposing to microwaves, placing the extruded composition under a vacuum, or a combination thereof.

[0134] Aspect 41 provides a method according to any one of aspects 39 to 40, wherein the firing comprises firing at a firing temperature of 600°C to 1100°C.

[0135] Aspect 42 provides a method according to any one of aspects 39 to 41, wherein the firing comprises firing at a firing temperature of 800°C to 950°C.

[0136] Aspect 43 provides a method according to any one of aspects 39 to 42, wherein the firing comprises firing under nitrogen at a firing temperature of 600°C to 1100°C.

[0137] Aspect 44 provides a method according to any one of aspects 39 to 43, wherein the firing comprises firing in air at a firing temperature of 600°C to 1100°C.

[0138] Aspect 45 provides the method according to aspect 44, wherein firing in air is sufficient to oxidize and remove most or substantially all of the graphite.

[0139] Aspect 46 provides a method according to any one of aspects 39 to 45, wherein the firing comprises firing under nitrogen at a firing temperature of 600°C to 1100°C, and then firing under air at a firing temperature of 600°C to 1100°C.

[0140] Aspect 47 provides the method according to aspect 46, wherein most or substantially all of the hollow glass beads rupture or burst during firing in an inert gas without burning off the graphite particles, wherein most or substantially all of the graphite particles burn off during firing in air.

[0141] Aspect 48 provides the method according to any one of aspects 46 to 47, wherein firing in air is carried out at a lower temperature than firing in an inert gas.

[0142] Aspect 49 provides a method according to any one of aspects 39 to 48, wherein the firing includes firing at a firing temperature for 0 minutes to 1 hour.

[0143] Aspect 50 provides a method according to any one of aspects 39 to 49, wherein the firing comprises increasing the temperature to and / or decreasing it from the firing temperature at a rate of 10°C / hour to 800°C / hour.

[0144] Aspect 51 provides a method according to any one of aspects 39 to 50, wherein the firing comprises increasing the temperature to and / or decreasing it from the firing temperature at a rate of 100°C / hour to 600°C / hour.

[0145] Aspect 52 provides a method for forming a substrate, the method comprising:

[0146] Extrudable compositions comprising

[0147] Adhesives and / or sintering aids,

[0148] Hollow glass beads, and

[0149] Graphite particles; and

[0150] The extruded composition is calcined to form the substrate, the substrate comprising an inorganic matrix containing an interconnected porous structure, wherein the total pore volume of the matrix, as determined by mercury porosimetry, is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3 Furthermore, in the substrate, most or substantially all of the hollow glass beads have cracked or burst during firing.

[0151] Aspect 53 provides a method for using a substrate according to any one of aspects 9 to 14 and 16, the method comprising:

[0152] The substrate is exposed to an airflow containing CO2 to adsorb at least some of the CO2 from the airflow into a coating on the substrate; and

[0153] CO2 is desorbed from the coating on the substrate, the desorption comprising applying an electric potential to both ends of the substrate to heat the substrate.

[0154] Aspect 54 provides a method for using a substrate according to any one of aspects 9 to 14, the method comprising:

[0155] The substrate is exposed to a gas flow to catalyze a chemical reaction of one or more components in the gas flow using the catalyst.

[0156] Aspect 55 provides a base or method according to any one or any combination of aspects 1 to 54, which is optionally configured such that all the elements or options described are available or selectable.

Claims

1. A substrate comprising: An inorganic matrix comprising an interconnected porous structure, wherein the total pore volume of the matrix, as determined by mercury porosimetry, is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3 .

2. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the total pore volume is 70% to 95%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​0.1 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.4 g / cm 3 .

3. The substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the substrate has a honeycomb shape, the honeycomb shape comprising a plurality of compartments defining parallel channels extending longitudinally through the honeycomb shape.

4. The substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the substrate comprises a coating comprising a catalyst, an adsorbent for adsorbing and desorbing CO2, or a combination thereof.

5. The substrate of claim 4, wherein the substrate comprises a carrier coating between the matrix and the coating comprising the adsorbent, wherein the carrier coating comprises γ-alumina, zeolite, activated carbon, or a combination thereof.

6. The substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the substrate is an extruded and fired product of an extrudable composition, the extrudable composition comprising: Adhesives and / or sintering aids; Hollow glass beads; and Graphite particles.

7. The substrate according to claim 6, wherein in the substrate, most of the hollow glass beads have cracked or burst during firing.

8. The substrate according to any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein in the substrate, most of the graphite particles have been oxidized and / or removed during firing.

9. The substrate according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the size of the substrate measured along its edge is reduced by 0% to 6% compared to the extruded product.

10. The substrate according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the binder and / or sintering aid constitute 5 wt% to 30 wt% of the extrudable composition based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition.

11. The substrate according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the adhesive comprises an inorganic adhesive, an organic adhesive, a polymer, a thermosetting resin, a carbon precursor, cellulose, a cellulose derivative, or a combination thereof.

12. The substrate according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the binder and / or sintering aid comprises talc, clay, MgO, alumina, borates, phosphates, transition metal oxides, oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, silicates, aluminosilicates, or combinations thereof.

13. The substrate according to any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein the hollow glass beads have a diameter of 10 micrometers to 100 micrometers. 50 The graphite particles have a diameter of 0.1 micrometers to 50 micrometers. 50 And the d of said graphite particles 50 smaller than the hollow glass bead d 50 .

14. The substrate according to any one of claims 6 to 13, wherein, based on the dry weight of the extrudable composition, the hollow glass beads account for 30 wt% to 90 wt% of the extrudable composition, and the graphite particles account for 5 wt% to 80 wt% of the extrudable composition.

15. A substrate comprising: The extruded and calcined products of the extrudable composition, the extrudable composition comprising Adhesives and / or sintering aids; Hollow glass beads; and Graphite particles; The substrate comprises an inorganic matrix containing an interconnected porous structure, wherein the total pore volume of the matrix, determined by mercury porosimetry, is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3 Furthermore, in the substrate, most of the hollow glass beads have cracked or burst during firing.

16. A method for forming a substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 15, the method comprising: Extrusion of the extrudable composition; and The extruded composition is fired to form the substrate.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the firing comprises firing in air at a firing temperature of 600°C to 1100°C.

18. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 17, wherein the firing comprises firing at a firing temperature of 600°C to 1100°C under an inert gas, and then firing in air at a firing temperature of 600°C to 1100°C.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein most of the hollow glass beads rupture or burst during firing in an inert gas without burning off the graphite particles, and wherein most of the graphite particles burn off during firing in air.

20. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 19, wherein firing in air is carried out at a lower temperature than firing in an inert gas.

21. A method for forming a substrate, the method comprising: Extrudable compositions comprising Adhesives and / or sintering aids, Hollow glass beads, and Graphite particles; and The extruded composition is calcined to form the substrate, the substrate comprising an inorganic matrix containing an interconnected porous structure, wherein the total pore volume of the matrix, as determined by mercury porosimetry, is greater than or equal to 70%, and the bulk density of the matrix is ​​less than or equal to 0.4 g / cm³. 3 And during the firing process, most of the glass beads burst or shattered.

22. A method using a substrate according to any one of claims 4 to 5, the method comprising: The substrate is exposed to an airflow containing CO2 to adsorb at least some of the CO2 from the airflow into the coating on the substrate; and CO2 is desorbed from the coating on the substrate, the desorption comprising applying an electric potential to both ends of the substrate to heat the substrate.

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