Non-fluorinated invisible fingerprint coating

Abstract

Compositions (e.g., coatings) comprising stealth fingerprint materials and related articles, methods, and kits are generally described herein. In certain embodiments, the coating includes a stealth fingerprint material configured to hide a fingerprint appearance on a surface on which the coating is disposed. For example, in some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material is configured such that oil spreads along a surface on which the coating is disposed. In certain embodiments, the invisible fingerprint performance of the coating may be provided by the reaction product of one or more silane-containing crosslinkers with a silane-containing additive (e.g., a polydimethylsiloxane-containing additive, a polyethylene glycol-containing additive).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application generally describes compositions (e.g., coatings) containing invisible fingerprint material, as well as related articles, methods, and kits. Background Technology

[0002] Invisible fingerprint coatings make the oil invisible or nearly invisible by spreading it along the surface where the coating is applied. Conventional invisible fingerprint materials used in these coatings contain fluorinated components, which pose toxicity and bioaccumulation problems, limiting their large-scale application. Furthermore, conventional invisible fingerprint materials used in these coatings have a high coefficient of friction, which reduces the coating's abrasion resistance.

[0003] Therefore, there is a need for improved compositions, as well as related articles, methods, and kits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application generally describes compositions (e.g., coatings) containing invisible fingerprint materials, as well as related articles, methods, and kits. In some cases, the subject matter of the invention relates to a variety of different uses of interrelated products, alternatives to specific problems, and / or one or more systems and / or articles.

[0005] According to certain embodiments, a composition is described. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a stealth fingerprint material comprising a reaction product of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and an additive comprising at least one hydrolyzable moiety. In some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material comprises an additive in an amount greater than or equal to 0.1 wt.% and less than or equal to 5 wt% relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material. In some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material is non-fluorinated. According to some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the composition is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.1.

[0006] According to some embodiments, a composition comprises a stealth fingerprint material comprising a reaction product of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and an additive comprising at least one hydrolyzable moiety. In some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material comprises an additive in an amount greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight and less than or equal to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material. In some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material is non-fluorinated. In some embodiments, the additive comprises a linear or branched compound of the following formula: in: Each R1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-Si(R 1 )2-(R 3 ) x -[Si(R 1 )2-O] z -(R 3 ) y -Si(R 1 )3, Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each R 3 Same or different, and selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Imyynyl-, Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0. Each y is independently less than or equal to 5, and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

[0007] According to some embodiments, a composition comprises a stealth fingerprint material comprising a reaction product of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and an additive comprising at least one hydrolyzable moiety. In some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material comprises an additive in an amount greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight and less than or equal to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material. In some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material is non-fluorinated. In some embodiments, the additive comprises a linear or branched compound of the following formula: in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-[(CH2)2-O] z -(R 3 ) x-Si(R 1 )3, Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each R 3 Selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Imyynyl-, R 4 Selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0, and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

[0008] Other advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of various non-limiting embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. If this specification contains conflicting and / or inconsistent disclosures with other documents incorporated by reference, this specification shall prevail. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Non-limiting embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are schematic and not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or substantially identical component is generally represented by a single number. For clarity, not every component is labeled in every drawing, nor is every component of every embodiment of the invention shown, and the illustrations are not essential for those skilled in the art to understand the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary article of manufacture is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0010] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an exemplary method for coating a substrate is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0011] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the synthesis of a stealth fingerprint material comprising polydimethylsiloxane is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0012] Figure 4A It is shown that, according to certain implementation schemes, Figure 3The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of stealth fingerprint materials synthesized in China with various additive concentrations before linear abrasion cycles.

[0013] Figure 4B It is shown that, according to certain implementation schemes, Figure 3 The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of stealth fingerprint materials synthesized in China with various additive concentrations after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

[0014] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the synthesis of another stealth fingerprint material comprising polydimethylsiloxane is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0015] Figure 6A It is shown that, according to certain implementation schemes, Figure 5 The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of stealth fingerprint materials synthesized in China with various additive concentrations before linear wear cycles.

[0016] Figure 6B It is shown that, according to certain implementation schemes, Figure 5 The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of stealth fingerprint materials synthesized in China with various additive concentrations after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

[0017] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the synthesis of another stealth fingerprint material comprising polydimethylsiloxane is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0018] Figure 8A It is shown that, according to certain implementation schemes, Figure 7 The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of stealth fingerprint materials synthesized in China with various additive concentrations before linear wear cycles.

[0019] Figure 8B It is shown that, according to certain implementation schemes, Figure 7 The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of stealth fingerprint materials synthesized in China with various additive concentrations after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

[0020] Figure 9A The coefficient of friction of a stealth fingerprint material containing a polydimethylsiloxane additive is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0021] Figure 9B The coefficient of friction of an additive-free invisible fingerprint material is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0022] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the synthesis of a stealth fingerprint material containing polyethylene glycol is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0023] Figure 11A It is shown that, according to certain implementation schemes, Figure 10 The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of stealth fingerprint materials synthesized in China with various additive concentrations before linear wear cycles.

[0024] Figure 11B It is shown that, according to certain implementation schemes, Figure 10 The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of stealth fingerprint materials synthesized in China with various additive concentrations after 5,000 linear wear cycles. Detailed Implementation

[0025] This application generally describes compositions (e.g., coatings) containing invisible fingerprint materials, as well as related articles, methods, and kits. In some embodiments, the coating comprises an invisible fingerprint material configured to conceal the appearance of fingerprints on a surface to which the coating is applied. For example, in some embodiments, the invisible fingerprint material is configured to allow oil to spread along the surface to which the coating is applied. In some embodiments, the invisible fingerprint properties of the coating may be provided by the reaction product of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and silane-containing additives (e.g., additives containing polydimethylsiloxane, additives containing polyethylene glycol). The reaction product of the invisible fingerprint material can advantageously make the coating both hydrophobic and oleophilic. According to some embodiments, in addition to providing invisible fingerprint properties, the coating may also have chemical inertness, mechanical robustness, optical transparency, and / or lubricity.

[0026] Advantageously, the compositions (e.g., coatings), articles, methods, and kits described herein can have properties that are advantageous compared to conventional coatings and related methods. For example, in some embodiments, the coatings are non-fluorinated, thereby avoiding the toxicity and / or bioaccumulation problems associated with conventional coatings for stealth materials containing fluorinated components. Furthermore, conventional coatings containing fluorinated components also use fluorinated solvents for synthesis and / or processing. The non-fluorinated coatings described herein advantageously avoid the use of such fluorinated solvents, thus reducing fluorinated greenhouse gas emissions.

[0027] According to certain embodiments, the additives can advantageously provide a lubricating invisible fingerprint material with a lower coefficient of friction compared to an invisible fingerprint material that is otherwise identical but without additives. In some aspects, the coefficient of friction of the invisible fingerprint material can be inversely proportional to the amount of additives contained in the invisible fingerprint material. However, in some embodiments, the oleophobicity of the invisible fingerprint material can be directly proportional to the amount of additives contained in the invisible fingerprint material. Therefore, the amount of additives can be adjusted according to a specific application. For example, in some embodiments, if a lower coefficient of friction is desired, the invisible fingerprint material can contain more additives, but if higher oleophilicity is desired, the invisible fingerprint material can contain less additives. In some embodiments, the invisible fingerprint material contains additives in an amount of 0.1% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material, which provides the desired coefficient of friction and oleophilicity.

[0028] Compositions containing the invisible fingerprint material can be used in any of a variety of suitable applications. For example, in some embodiments, the composition can be applied (e.g., as a coating) to a substrate such as glass, plastic, metal, and / or metal oxide, for example in electronic displays such as, but not limited to, mobile phone screens, computer monitors, television screens, touchscreens, home appliances, and / or head-up displays. In some embodiments, the composition can be applied (e.g., as a coating) to a substrate used in transport vehicles (e.g., automobiles, airplanes, etc.) and / or construction equipment.

[0029] Turning to the accompanying drawings, specific, non-limiting embodiments will be described in more detail. It should be understood that the various systems, components, features, and methods described with respect to these embodiments can be used individually and / or in any desired combination, as this disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary article of manufacture is shown according to certain embodiments. In some embodiments, article 100 includes a substrate 110 having at least one surface 120. Suitable substrate materials are explained in more detail herein.

[0031] According to some embodiments, composition 130 may be disposed on at least a portion of at least one surface 120 of substrate 110, such that composition 130 coats said at least a portion of at least one surface 120 of substrate 110. In some embodiments, composition 130 comprises an invisible fingerprint material, which is explained in more detail herein.

[0032] In some embodiments, the composition coated on the substrate surface can have any of a variety of suitable thicknesses. For example, see reference... Figure 1 The composition 130 coating at least a portion of at least one surface 120 of the substrate 110 may have a thickness 132. In some embodiments, the average thickness of the composition coating the surface is greater than or equal to 5 nm, greater than or equal to 10 nm, greater than or equal to 20 nm, greater than or equal to 30 nm, greater than or equal to 40 nm, greater than or equal to 50 nm, greater than or equal to 60 nm, greater than or equal to 70 nm, greater than or equal to 80 nm, or greater than or equal to 90 nm. In some embodiments, the average thickness of the composition coating the surface is less than or equal to 100 nm, less than or equal to 90 nm, less than or equal to 80 nm, less than or equal to 70 nm, less than or equal to 60 nm, less than or equal to 50 nm, less than or equal to 40 nm, less than or equal to 30 nm, less than or equal to 20 nm, or less than or equal to 10 nm. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., the average thickness of the composition coating the surface is greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 100 nm, or the average thickness of the composition coating the surface is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 60 nm). Other ranges are also possible. In some embodiments, the average thickness of the composition coating the surface can be determined by elliptic polarization.

[0033] Although Figure 1 The composition 130 depicted on the surface 120 of the substrate 110 is a smooth layer of uniform thickness; however, those skilled in the art will understand that this is for illustrative purposes only, and the thickness of the composition coating the substrate surface may have a specific roughness and / or the thickness may vary according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the composition coating the substrate surface may have a relatively uniform thickness (e.g., within 10% or less of the total thickness) over at least a majority of the substrate surface (e.g., greater than or equal to 75% of the surface area of ​​the substrate surface on which the composition is disposed).

[0034] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a stealth fingerprint material. According to some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material is non-fluorinated, such that it does not contain any fluorine (F) atoms.

[0035] The composition may contain various suitable amounts of stealth fingerprint material. For example, in some embodiments, based on the total weight of the composition, the amount of stealth fingerprint material contained in the composition is greater than or equal to 0.1 wt%, greater than or equal to 1 wt%, greater than or equal to 5 wt%, greater than or equal to 10 wt%, greater than or equal to 20 wt%, greater than or equal to 30 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt%, greater than or equal to 50 wt%, greater than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 70 wt%, greater than or equal to 80 wt%, greater than or equal to 90 wt%, greater than or equal to 95 wt%, or greater than or equal to 99 wt%. In some embodiments, based on the total weight of the composition, the amount of stealth fingerprint material contained in the composition is less than or equal to 100 wt%, less than or equal to 99 wt%, less than or equal to 95 wt%, less than or equal to 90 wt%, less than or equal to 80 wt%, less than or equal to 70 wt%, less than or equal to 60 wt%, less than or equal to 50 wt%, less than or equal to 40 wt%, less than or equal to 30 wt%, less than or equal to 20 wt%, less than or equal to 10 wt%, less than or equal to 5 wt%, or less than or equal to 1 wt%. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., the composition contains an amount of invisible fingerprint material greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight and less than or equal to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition; the composition contains an amount of invisible fingerprint material greater than or equal to 40% by weight and less than or equal to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition). Other ranges are also possible.

[0036] In some embodiments, the amount of invisible fingerprint material in the composition may depend on the technique used to apply the composition to a substrate surface. For example, in some embodiments, where the composition is sprayed onto a substrate surface, the composition may contain an amount of invisible fingerprint material greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight and less than or equal to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments where the composition is deposited onto a substrate surface (e.g., by chemical vapor deposition and / or physical vapor deposition), the composition may contain an amount of invisible fingerprint material greater than or equal to 50% by weight and less than or equal to 100% by weight. Other methods of applying the composition to a substrate surface are explained in more detail herein.

[0037] According to certain embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material comprises a reaction product of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and an additive containing a hydrolyzable portion. Suitable reaction products, silane-containing crosslinking agents, and additives are explained in more detail herein.

[0038] As described herein, according to certain embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material comprises one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents. According to certain embodiments, the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents comprise at least one hydrolyzable portion. The one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents may comprise any of a variety of suitable hydrolyzable portions. For example, in some embodiments, the hydrolyzable portion of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents comprises an alkoxy portion (e.g., -OR portion), a hydroxyl (-OH) portion, a hydrogen portion (-H), a halogen portion (provided that the halogen portion is not fluorine) (e.g., -Cl portion, -Br portion, and -I portion), an amine, other leaving groups, and / or combinations thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments, a hydrogen portion (e.g., -Si-H) directly attached (e.g., bonded) to silicon is a hydrolyzable portion. Other hydrolyzable portions are also possible.

[0039] In some embodiments, at least one silane-containing crosslinking agent comprises an alkyl chain. The alkyl chain may comprise any of a variety of suitable alkyl groups (e.g., -C). n H 2n+1 The alkyl chain comprises 2 or more alkyl groups, where n is greater than or equal to 2. For example, in some embodiments, the alkyl chain contains 2 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 14 or more, 16 or more, or 18 or more alkyl groups. In some embodiments, the alkyl chain contains less than or equal to 20, less than or equal to 18, less than or equal to 16, less than or equal to 14, less than or equal to 12, less than or equal to 10, less than or equal to 8, less than or equal to 6, or less than or equal to 4 alkyl groups. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., the alkyl chain contains 2 or more and less than or equal to 20 alkyl groups, or the alkyl chain contains 8 or more and less than or equal to 12 alkyl groups). Other ranges are also possible.

[0040] According to some embodiments, at least one silane-containing crosslinking agent includes a lipophilic portion. As used herein, the term "lipophilic portion" has its common meaning in the art and refers to a portion that has a strong affinity for oil rather than water.

[0041] Any suitable oleophilic portion is possible. In some embodiments, the oleophilic portion comprises chlorine (Cl). Other oleophobic portions are also possible.

[0042] In some embodiments, at least one silane crosslinking agent comprises a compound of formula (I): (I) in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 )2 and OR 2 ; Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group; X is a halogen, provided that the halogen is not a fluorine moiety; and n is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 20.

[0043] In compounds of formula (I), the value of “n” can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, the value of “n” is greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 5, greater than or equal to 10, or greater than or equal to 15. In some embodiments, the value of “n” is less than or equal to 20, less than or equal to 15, less than or equal to 10, or less than or equal to 5. Combinations of the above-referenced ranges are possible (e.g., the value of “n” is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 20, and the value of “n” is greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 15). Other ranges are also possible.

[0044] According to certain implementations, “X” in the compound of formula (I) is chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I).

[0045] According to some embodiments, at least one silane-containing crosslinking agent comprises a compound of formula (II): (II) in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 )2 and OR 2 ; Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group; and n is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 20.

[0046] In compounds of formula (II), the value of “n” can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, the value of “n” is greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 5, greater than or equal to 10, or greater than or equal to 15. In some embodiments, the value of “n” is less than or equal to 20, less than or equal to 15, less than or equal to 10, less than or equal to 5, or less than or equal to 2. Combinations of the above-referenced ranges are possible (e.g., the value of “n” is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 20, and the value of “n” is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5). Other ranges are also possible.

[0047] According to certain embodiments, at least one silane-containing crosslinking agent comprises a compound of formula (III): (III) in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 )2 and OR 2 ;and Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 Alkyne group.

[0048] In some embodiments, at least one silane-containing crosslinking agent comprises a chlorinated alkoxysilane; (chloromethyl)trimethoxysilane; (2-chloroethyl)trimethoxysilane; (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane; (4-chlorobutyl)trimethoxysilane; (5-chloropentyl)trimethoxysilane; (6-chlorohexyl)trimethoxysilane; (7-chloroheptyl)trimethoxysilane; (8-chlorooctyl)trimethoxysilane; (9-chlorononyl)trimethoxysilane; (10-chlorodecyl)trimethoxysilane; (11-chloroundecyl)trimethoxysilane; (12-chlorododecyl)trimethoxysilane; (13-chlorotridecyl)trimethoxysilane; (14-chlorotetradecyl)trimethoxysilane; (chloromethyl)triethoxysilane; (2-chloroethyl)triethoxysilane; (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane; (4-chloroethyl)triethoxysilane; (4-chloroethyl)triethoxysilane; (5-chloropentyl)trimethoxysilane; (6-chlorohexyl)trimethoxysilane; (7-chloroheptyl)trimethoxysilane; (8-chlorooctyl)trimethoxysilane; (9-chlorononyl)trimethoxysilane; (10-chlorodecyl)trimethoxysilane; (11-chloroundecyl)trimethoxysilane; (12-chlorododecyl)trimethoxysilane; (13-chlorotridecyl)trimethoxysilane; (14-chlorotetradecyl)trimethoxysilane; (4-chloromethyl)triethoxysilane; (2-chloroethyl)triethoxysilane; (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane; (4-chloroethyl)triethoxysilane; (5-chlorobutyl)trimethoxysilane; (6-chlorohexyl)trimethoxysilane; (7-chloroheptyl)trimethoxysilane; (8-chlorooct (-chlorobutyl)triethoxysilane; (5-chloropentyl)triethoxysilane; (6-chlorohexyl)triethoxysilane; (7-chloroheptyl)triethoxysilane; (8-chlorooctyl)triethoxysilane; (9-chlorononyl)triethoxysilane; (10-chlorodecyl)triethoxysilane; (11-chloroundecyl)triethoxysilane; (12-chlorododecyl)triethoxysilane; (13-chlorotridecyl)triethoxysilane; Triethoxysilane; (14-chlorotetradecyl)triethoxysilane; 1,2-bis(alkoxysilyl)ethane; 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane; 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane; 1,1,2-tri(alkoxysilyl)ethane; 1,1,2-tri(trimethoxysilyl)ethane; and / or 1,1,2-tri(triethoxysilyl)ethane. Other silane-containing crosslinking agents are also possible.

[0049] The stealth fingerprint material may contain one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents in any of a variety of suitable amounts. For example, in some embodiments, the amount of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents contained in the stealth fingerprint material relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 5% by weight, greater than or equal to 10% by weight, greater than or equal to 20% by weight, greater than or equal to 30% by weight, greater than or equal to 40% by weight, greater than or equal to 50% by weight, greater than or equal to 60% by weight, greater than or equal to 70% by weight, greater than or equal to 80% by weight, greater than or equal to 90% by weight, or greater than or equal to 95% by weight. In some embodiments, the amount of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents contained in the stealth fingerprint material relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material is less than or equal to 99% by weight, less than or equal to 95% by weight, less than or equal to 90% by weight, less than or equal to 80% by weight, less than or equal to 70% by weight, less than or equal to 60% by weight, less than or equal to 50% by weight, less than or equal to 40% by weight, less than or equal to 30% by weight, less than or equal to 20% by weight, or less than or equal to 10% by weight. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., the amount of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents contained in the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 5% by weight and less than or equal to 99% by weight relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material; the amount of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents contained in the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 40% by weight and less than or equal to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material). Other ranges are also possible.

[0050] As described above, according to some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material includes additives. According to some embodiments, incorporating the additives into the stealth fingerprint material can advantageously reduce the coefficient of friction of the stealth fingerprint material, as explained in more detail herein.

[0051] According to some embodiments, the additive may contain at least one hydrolyzable moiety. The additive may contain any of a variety of suitable hydrolyzable moieties. For example, in some embodiments, the additive contains an alkoxy moiety (e.g., -OR moiety), a hydroxyl (-OH) moiety, a hydrogen (-H) moiety, a halogen moiety (provided that the halogen is not a fluorine moiety) (e.g., -Cl moiety, -Br moiety, and -I moiety), an amine, other leaving groups, and / or combinations thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments, a hydrogen moiety (e.g., -Si-H) directly attached (e.g., bonded) to silicon is a hydrolyzable moiety. Other hydrolyzable moieties are also possible.

[0052] In some embodiments, the additive comprises a straight-chain compound. In other embodiments, the additive comprises a branched-chain compound.

[0053] In some embodiments, the additive comprises a linear or branched compound of formula (IV): (IV) in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-Si(R 1 )2-(R 3 ) x -[Si(R 1 )2-O] z -(R 3 ) y -Si(R 1 3; Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group; Each R 3 Same or different, and selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Iso-ynyl-; Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0; Each y is independently less than or equal to 5; and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

[0054] In compounds of formula (IV), each "x" can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each "x" is greater than or equal to 0, greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 5, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 20, or greater than or equal to 50. In some embodiments, each "x" is less than or equal to 100, less than or equal to 50, less than or equal to 20, less than or equal to 10, less than or equal to 5, or less than or equal to 1. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "x" is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100, each "x" is greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10). Other ranges are also possible.

[0055] In compounds of formula (IV), each "y" can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each "y" is less than or equal to 5, less than or equal to 4, less than or equal to 3, less than or equal to 2, or less than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, each "y" is greater than or equal to 0, greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 3, or greater than or equal to 4. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "y" is less than or equal to 5 and greater than or equal to 0, each "y" is less than or equal to 3 and greater than or equal to 2). Other ranges are also possible.

[0056] In compounds of formula (IV), each “z” can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each “z” is greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 100, greater than or equal to 200, greater than or equal to 300, greater than or equal to 400, greater than or equal to 500, greater than or equal to 600, greater than or equal to 700, greater than or equal to 800, or greater than or equal to 900. In some embodiments, each “z” is less than or equal to 1,000, less than or equal to 900, less than or equal to 800, less than or equal to 700, less than or equal to 600, less than or equal to 500, less than or equal to 400, less than or equal to 300, less than or equal to 200, less than or equal to 100, less than or equal to 50, less than or equal to 10, or less than or equal to 5. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "z" is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1,000, each "z" is greater than or equal to 400 and less than or equal to 600). Other ranges are also possible.

[0057] According to some embodiments, the larger the value of "z" in the compound of formula (IV), the more easily the additive entangles (e.g., self-entangles). Not wanting to be bound by theory, the entanglement of the additive can provide an invisible fingerprint material with a lower coefficient of friction and lower oleophobicity. Therefore, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (IV) can be adjusted according to a specific application. For example, in some embodiments, if a lower coefficient of friction is desired, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (IV) can be increased to promote entanglement, while if higher oleophobicity is desired, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (IV) can be decreased to inhibit entanglement.

[0058] According to some embodiments, the additive comprises polydimethylsiloxane. For example, in some embodiments, the additive comprises a linear or branched compound of formula (V): (V) in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-Si(R 1 )2-(R 3 ) x -[Si(CH3)2-O] z -(R 3 ) y -Si(R 1 3; Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group; Each R 3 Same or different, and selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Iso-ynyl-; Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0; Each y is independently less than or equal to 5; and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

[0059] In the compound of formula (V), each "x" can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each "x" is greater than or equal to 0, greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 5, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 20, or greater than or equal to 50. In some embodiments, each "x" is less than or equal to 100, less than or equal to 50, less than or equal to 20, less than or equal to 10, less than or equal to 5, or less than or equal to 1. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "x" is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100, each "x" is greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10). Other ranges are also possible.

[0060] In the compound of formula (V), each "y" can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each "y" is less than or equal to 5, less than or equal to 4, less than or equal to 3, less than or equal to 2, or less than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, each "y" is greater than or equal to 0, greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 3, or greater than or equal to 4. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "y" is less than or equal to 5 and greater than or equal to 0, each "y" is less than or equal to 3 and greater than or equal to 2). Other ranges are also possible.

[0061] In the compound of formula (V), each “z” can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each “z” is greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 100, greater than or equal to 200, greater than or equal to 300, greater than or equal to 400, greater than or equal to 500, greater than or equal to 600, greater than or equal to 700, greater than or equal to 800, or greater than or equal to 900. In some embodiments, each “z” is less than or equal to 1,000, less than or equal to 900, less than or equal to 800, less than or equal to 700, less than or equal to 600, less than or equal to 500, less than or equal to 400, less than or equal to 300, less than or equal to 200, less than or equal to 100, less than or equal to 50, less than or equal to 10, or less than or equal to 5. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "z" is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1,000, each "z" is greater than or equal to 400 and less than or equal to 600). Other ranges are also possible.

[0062] According to some embodiments, the larger the value of "z" in the compound of formula (V), the more easily the additive entangles (e.g., self-entangles). Not wanting to be bound by theory, the entanglement of the additive can provide a stealth fingerprint material with a lower coefficient of friction and lower oleophobicity. Therefore, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (V) can be adjusted according to a specific application. For example, in some embodiments, if a lower coefficient of friction is desired, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (V) can be increased to promote entanglement, while if higher oleophobicity is desired, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (V) can be decreased to inhibit entanglement.

[0063] According to certain embodiments, the additive comprises a linear or branched compound of formula (VI): (VI) in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-Si(CH3)2-(R 3 ) x -[Si(CH3)2-O] z -(R 3 ) y -Si(CH3)2(R 1 ); Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group; Each R 3 Same or different, and selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Iso-ynyl-; Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0; Each y is independently less than or equal to 5; and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

[0064] In the compound of formula (VI), each "x" can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each "x" is greater than or equal to 0, greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 5, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 20, or greater than or equal to 50. In some embodiments, each "x" is less than or equal to 100, less than or equal to 50, less than or equal to 20, less than or equal to 10, less than or equal to 5, or less than or equal to 1. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "x" is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100, each "x" is greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10). Other ranges are also possible.

[0065] In the compound of formula (VI), each "y" can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each "y" is less than or equal to 5, less than or equal to 4, less than or equal to 3, less than or equal to 2, or less than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, each "y" is greater than or equal to 0, greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 3, or greater than or equal to 4. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "y" is less than or equal to 5 and greater than or equal to 0, each "y" is less than or equal to 3 and greater than or equal to 2). Other ranges are also possible.

[0066] In the compound of formula (VI), each “z” can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each “z” is greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 100, greater than or equal to 200, greater than or equal to 300, greater than or equal to 400, greater than or equal to 500, greater than or equal to 600, greater than or equal to 700, greater than or equal to 800, or greater than or equal to 900. In some embodiments, each “z” is less than or equal to 1,000, less than or equal to 900, less than or equal to 800, less than or equal to 700, less than or equal to 600, less than or equal to 500, less than or equal to 400, less than or equal to 300, less than or equal to 200, less than or equal to 100, less than or equal to 50, less than or equal to 10, or less than or equal to 5. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "z" is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1,000, each "z" is greater than or equal to 400 and less than or equal to 600). Other ranges are also possible.

[0067] According to some embodiments, the larger the value of "z" in the compound of formula (VI), the more easily the additive entangles (e.g., self-entangles). Not wanting to be bound by theory, the entanglement of the additive can provide a stealth fingerprint material with a lower coefficient of friction and lower oleophobicity. Therefore, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (VI) can be adjusted according to a specific application. For example, in some embodiments, if a lower coefficient of friction is desired, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (VI) can be increased to promote entanglement, while if higher oleophobicity is desired, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (VI) can be decreased to inhibit entanglement.

[0068] In some embodiments, the additive comprises polyethylene glycol. For example, in some embodiments, the additive comprises a linear or branched compound of formula (VII): (VII) in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-[(CH2)2-O] z -(R 3 ) x -Si(R 1 )3, Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each R 3 Selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Imyynyl-, R 4 Selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0; and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

[0069] In the compound of formula (VII), each “x” can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each “x” is greater than or equal to 0, greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 5, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 20, or greater than or equal to 50. In some embodiments, each “x” is less than or equal to 100, less than or equal to 50, less than or equal to 20, less than or equal to 10, less than or equal to 5, or less than or equal to 1. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each “x” is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100, each “x” is greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10). Other ranges are also possible.

[0070] In compounds of formula (VII), each “z” can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each “z” is greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 100, greater than or equal to 200, greater than or equal to 300, greater than or equal to 400, greater than or equal to 500, greater than or equal to 600, greater than or equal to 700, greater than or equal to 800, or greater than or equal to 900. In some embodiments, each “z” is less than or equal to 1,000, less than or equal to 900, less than or equal to 800, less than or equal to 700, less than or equal to 600, less than or equal to 500, less than or equal to 400, less than or equal to 300, less than or equal to 200, less than or equal to 100, less than or equal to 50, less than or equal to 10, or less than or equal to 2. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "z" is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1,000, each "z" is greater than or equal to 400 and less than or equal to 600). Other ranges are also possible.

[0071] In some embodiments, the larger the value of "z" in the compound of formula (VII), the more easily the additive entangles (e.g., self-entangles). Not wanting to be bound by theory, the entanglement of the additive can provide a stealth fingerprint material with a lower coefficient of friction and lower oleophobicity. Therefore, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (VII) can be adjusted according to a specific application. For example, in some embodiments, if a lower coefficient of friction is desired, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (VII) can be increased to promote entanglement, while if higher oleophobicity is desired, the value of "z" in the compound of formula (VII) can be decreased to inhibit entanglement.

[0072] The stealth fingerprint material may contain various suitable amounts of additives. For example, in some embodiments, the amount of additives contained in the stealth fingerprint material relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 0.1 wt.%, greater than or equal to 0.5 wt%, greater than or equal to 1 wt%, greater than or equal to 2 wt%, greater than or equal to 3 wt%, or greater than or equal to 4 wt%. In some embodiments, the amount of additives contained in the stealth fingerprint material relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material is less than or equal to 5 wt%, less than or equal to 4 wt%, less than or equal to 3 wt%, less than or equal to 2 wt%, less than or equal to 1 wt%, or less than or equal to 0.5 wt%. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., the amount of additives contained in the stealth fingerprint material relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 0.1 wt% and less than or equal to 5 wt%, and the amount of additives contained in the stealth fingerprint material relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 0.5 wt% and less than or equal to 1 wt%). Other ranges are also possible.

[0073] The additive may have any of a variety of suitable molecular weights. For example, in some embodiments, the molecular weight of the additive is greater than or equal to 1,000 Da, greater than or equal to 2,000 Da, greater than or equal to 3,000 Da, greater than or equal to 5,000 Da, greater than or equal to 10,000 Da, greater than or equal to 20,000 Da, greater than or equal to 30,000 Da, or greater than or equal to 40,000 Da. In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the additive is less than or equal to 50,000 Da, less than or equal to 40,000 Da, less than or equal to 30,000 Da, less than or equal to 20,000 Da, less than or equal to 10,000 Da, less than or equal to 5,000 Da, less than or equal to 4,000 Da, less than or equal to 3,000 Da, or less than or equal to 2,000 Da. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., the molecular weight of the additive is greater than or equal to 1,000 Da and less than or equal to 50,000 Da, or the molecular weight of the additive is greater than or equal to 20,000 Da and less than or equal to 30,000 Da). Other ranges are also possible. In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the additive is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

[0074] Without being bound by theory, the molecular weight of the additive can be inversely proportional to the coefficient of friction of the stealth fingerprint material and the amount of hydrolyzable portion per weight of the additive. Therefore, the molecular weight of the additive can be adjusted according to a specific application. For example, in some embodiments, if a lower coefficient of friction is desired, the molecular weight of the additive can be increased, but if more hydrolyzable portion per weight of the additive is desired (e.g., to increase the lifetime of the stealth fingerprint material), the molecular weight of the additive can be decreased.

[0075] According to some embodiments, a method for synthesizing a reaction product is described. In some embodiments, the method includes reacting one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents (e.g., one silane-containing crosslinking agent, two silane-containing crosslinking agents, three silane-containing crosslinking agents, etc.) with an additive to provide the reaction product. In some embodiments, the method includes reacting two or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with an additive, said two or more silane-containing crosslinking agents may be of different (e.g., chemically different) types.

[0076] The reaction of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive to provide the reaction product can be carried out at any of a variety of suitable temperatures. For example, in some embodiments, the reaction of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive is carried out at temperatures greater than or equal to 20°C, greater than or equal to 30°C, greater than or equal to 40°C, greater than or equal to 50°C, greater than or equal to 60°C, greater than or equal to 70°C, greater than or equal to 80°C, or greater than or equal to 90°C. In some embodiments, the reaction of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive is carried out at temperatures less than or equal to 100°C, less than or equal to 90°C, less than or equal to 80°C, less than or equal to 70°C, less than or equal to 60°C, less than or equal to 50°C, less than or equal to 40°C, or less than or equal to 30°C. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., reacting the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive at a temperature greater than or equal to 20°C and less than or equal to 100°C, or reacting the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive at a temperature greater than or equal to 40°C and less than or equal to 60°C). Other ranges are also possible.

[0077] According to some embodiments, the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents are reacted with the additive to provide that the reaction product can be carried out under reflux conditions, and the reaction temperature may depend on the specific solvent used for reflux.

[0078] The reaction of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive to provide the reaction product can be carried out for any of a variety of suitable times. For example, in some embodiments, the reaction of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive is carried out for greater than or equal to 1 hour, greater than or equal to 5 hours, greater than or equal to 10 hours, greater than or equal to 15 hours, greater than or equal to 24 hours, greater than or equal to 48 hours, or greater than or equal to 72 hours. In some embodiments, the reaction of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive is carried out for less than or equal to 96 hours, less than or equal to 72 hours, less than or equal to 48 hours, less than or equal to 24 hours, less than or equal to 15 hours, less than or equal to 10 hours, or less than or equal to 5 hours. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., the reaction of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive is carried out for greater than or equal to 1 hour and less than or equal to 96 hours, or the reaction of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive is carried out for greater than or equal to 15 hours and less than or equal to 24 hours). Other ranges are also possible.

[0079] The reaction of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents with the additive to provide the reaction product can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst. Any suitable catalyst can be used. For example, in some embodiments, the catalyst comprises potassium hydroxide (KOH), acetic acid (CH3COOH), and / or combinations thereof. Other catalysts are also possible.

[0080] According to some embodiments, the method includes reacting at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other to provide an intermediate. According to some embodiments, the intermediate may be a hydrolysis product.

[0081] The reaction of the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other to provide the intermediate can be carried out at any of a variety of suitable temperatures. For example, in some embodiments, the reaction of the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other is carried out at temperatures greater than or equal to 20°C, greater than or equal to 30°C, greater than or equal to 40°C, greater than or equal to 50°C, greater than or equal to 60°C, greater than or equal to 70°C, greater than or equal to 80°C, or greater than or equal to 90°C. In some embodiments, the reaction of the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other is carried out at temperatures less than or equal to 100°C, less than or equal to 90°C, less than or equal to 80°C, less than or equal to 70°C, less than or equal to 60°C, less than or equal to 50°C, less than or equal to 40°C, or less than or equal to 30°C. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., reacting the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other at a temperature greater than or equal to 20°C and less than or equal to 100°C, or reacting the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other at a temperature greater than or equal to 40°C and less than or equal to 60°C). Other ranges are also possible.

[0082] According to some embodiments, the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents are reacted with each other to provide that the intermediate can be carried out under reflux conditions, and the reaction temperature may depend on the specific solvent used for reflux.

[0083] The reaction of the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other to provide the intermediate can be carried out for any of a variety of suitable times. For example, in some embodiments, the reaction of the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other is carried out for greater than or equal to 1 hour, greater than or equal to 5 hours, greater than or equal to 10 hours, greater than or equal to 15 hours, greater than or equal to 24 hours, greater than or equal to 48 hours, or greater than or equal to 72 hours. In some embodiments, the reaction of the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other is carried out for less than or equal to 96 hours, less than or equal to 72 hours, less than or equal to 48 hours, less than or equal to 24 hours, less than or equal to 15 hours, less than or equal to 10 hours, or less than or equal to 5 hours. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., the reaction of the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other is carried out for greater than or equal to 1 hour and less than or equal to 96 hours, or the reaction of the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents with each other is carried out for greater than or equal to 15 hours and less than or equal to 24 hours). Other ranges are also possible.

[0084] The reaction of the at least two silane-containing crosslinking agents to provide the intermediate can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst. Any suitable catalyst can be used. For example, in some embodiments, the catalyst comprises potassium hydroxide (KOH), acetic acid (CH3COOH), and / or combinations thereof. Other catalysts are also possible.

[0085] In some embodiments, the method includes reacting the intermediate with an additive to provide the reaction product. In some embodiments, the intermediate and the additive may react in the presence of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents to provide the reaction product.

[0086] The intermediate is reacted with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) to provide the reaction product, which can be carried out at any of a variety of suitable temperatures. For example, in some embodiments, the intermediate is reacted with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) at temperatures greater than or equal to 20°C, greater than or equal to 30°C, greater than or equal to 40°C, greater than or equal to 50°C, greater than or equal to 60°C, greater than or equal to 70°C, greater than or equal to 80°C, or greater than or equal to 90°C. In some embodiments, the intermediate is reacted with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) at temperatures less than or equal to 100°C, less than or equal to 90°C, less than or equal to 80°C, less than or equal to 70°C, less than or equal to 60°C, less than or equal to 50°C, less than or equal to 40°C, or less than or equal to 30°C. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., reacting the intermediate with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) at a temperature greater than or equal to 20°C and less than or equal to 100°C, or reacting the intermediate with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) at a temperature greater than or equal to 40°C and less than or equal to 60°C). Other ranges are also possible.

[0087] According to some embodiments, the intermediate is reacted with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) to provide that the reaction product can be carried out under reflux conditions, and the reaction temperature may depend on the specific solvent used for reflux.

[0088] The intermediate is reacted with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) to provide the reaction product for any of a variety of suitable times. For example, in some embodiments, the intermediate is reacted with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) for greater than or equal to 1 hour, greater than or equal to 5 hours, greater than or equal to 10 hours, greater than or equal to 15 hours, greater than or equal to 24 hours, greater than or equal to 48 hours, or greater than or equal to 72 hours. In some embodiments, the intermediate is reacted with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) for less than or equal to 96 hours, less than or equal to 72 hours, less than or equal to 48 hours, less than or equal to 24 hours, less than or equal to 15 hours, less than or equal to 10 hours, or less than or equal to 5 hours. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., reacting the intermediate with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) for greater than or equal to 1 hour and less than or equal to 96 hours, or reacting the intermediate with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) for greater than or equal to 15 hours and less than or equal to 24 hours). Other ranges are also possible.

[0089] The reaction of the intermediate with the additive (and optionally one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents) to provide the reaction product can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst. Any suitable catalyst can be used. For example, in some embodiments, the catalyst comprises potassium hydroxide (KOH), acetic acid (CH3COOH), and / or combinations thereof. Other catalysts are also possible.

[0090] As described herein, according to certain embodiments, the invisible fingerprint material comprises a reaction product of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents (e.g., one silane-containing crosslinking agent, two silane-containing crosslinking agents, three silane-containing crosslinking agents, etc.) and additives.

[0091] According to some embodiments, the reaction product is a hydrolysis product. As used herein, the term "hydrolysis product" has its common meaning in the art and refers to the product of a hydrolysis reaction. In some embodiments, the reaction product may be hydrolyzed during the synthesis of the reaction product to provide the hydrolysis product due to the presence of water, catalyst, acid, and / or base during synthesis. In some embodiments, one or more components of the reaction product (e.g., one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and / or the additives) may be hydrolyzed during the synthesis of the reaction product to provide the hydrolysis product due to the presence of water, catalyst, acid, and / or base during synthesis.

[0092] In some embodiments, the reaction product may comprise some or all of blocks (A)-(D): (A) (B) (C) (D), in: Each Q may be the same or different, and is selected from -H, -OH, -O-(CH2-CH2). n -Q、-O-(CH2-CH2) n -OH, or combined with another Q of block (A), (B), (C), or (D) to connect two silicon atoms of oxygen. Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 )2 and OR 2 , Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each n is independently greater than or equal to 1, and a, b, c, and d are each independently greater than or equal to 1.

[0093] The value of each "n" in blocks (A), (B), (C), and (D) can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, each "n" is greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 100, greater than or equal to 200, greater than or equal to 300, greater than or equal to 400, greater than or equal to 500, greater than or equal to 600, greater than or equal to 700, greater than or equal to 800, or greater than or equal to 900. In some embodiments, each "n" is less than or equal to 1,000, less than or equal to 900, less than or equal to 800, less than or equal to 700, less than or equal to 600, less than or equal to 500, less than or equal to 400, less than or equal to 300, less than or equal to 200, less than or equal to 100, less than or equal to 50, less than or equal to 10, or less than or equal to 2. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., each "n" is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1,000, each "n" is greater than or equal to 400 and less than or equal to 600). Other ranges are also possible.

[0094] In segments (A), (B), (C), and (D), the values ​​of “a,” “b,” “c,” and “d” can each be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, “a,” “b,” “c,” and / or “d” are greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 100, greater than or equal to 200, greater than or equal to 300, greater than or equal to 400, greater than or equal to 500, greater than or equal to 600, greater than or equal to 700, greater than or equal to 800, or greater than or equal to 900. In some embodiments, “a,” “b,” “c,” and / or “d” are less than or equal to 1,000, less than or equal to 900, less than or equal to 800, less than or equal to 700, less than or equal to 600, less than or equal to 500, less than or equal to 400, less than or equal to 300, less than or equal to 200, less than or equal to 100, less than or equal to 50, less than or equal to 10, or less than or equal to 2. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., "a", "b", "c" and / or "d" are greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1,000, "a", "b", "c" and / or "d" are greater than or equal to 400 and less than or equal to 600). Other ranges are also possible.

[0095] According to certain embodiments, some or all of blocks (A)-(D) are present in the reaction product. As a non-limiting example, blocks (A), (C) and (D) can be combined to form an exemplary structure (1): (1).

[0096] Although the exemplary structure (1) shown above is in the form of a straight chain, according to certain embodiments, some or all of the segments (A)-(D) can be combined in three dimensions to form a branched structure. As a non-limiting example, segments (A), (B), (C) and (D) can be combined to form an exemplary structure (2): (2).

[0097] According to some embodiments, the reaction product contains linear segments selected from blocks (A), (B), (C), (D) and combinations thereof, and / or branched segments selected from blocks (A), (B), (C), (D) and combinations thereof.

[0098] The reaction product may have any of a variety of suitable molecular weights. For example, in some embodiments, the molecular weight of the reaction product is greater than or equal to 1,000 Da, greater than or equal to 10,000 Da, greater than or equal to 20,000 Da, greater than or equal to 30,000 Da, greater than or equal to 40,000 Da, greater than or equal to 50,000 Da, greater than or equal to 60,000 Da, greater than or equal to 70,000 Da, greater than or equal to 80,000 Da, greater than or equal to 90,000 Da, greater than or equal to 100,000 Da, greater than or equal to 200,000 Da, greater than or equal to 300,000 Da, or greater than or equal to 400,000 Da. In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the reaction product is less than or equal to 500,000 Da, less than or equal to 400,000 Da, less than or equal to 300,000 Da, less than or equal to 200,000 Da, less than or equal to 100,000 Da, less than or equal to 90,000 Da, less than or equal to 80,000 Da, less than or equal to 70,000 Da, less than or equal to 60,000 Da, less than or equal to 50,000 Da, less than or equal to 40,000 Da, less than or equal to 30,000 Da, less than or equal to 20,000 Da, less than or equal to 10,000 Da, or less than or equal to 5,000 Da. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., the molecular weight of the reaction product is greater than or equal to 1,000 Da and less than or equal to 500,000 Da, or the molecular weight of the reaction product is greater than or equal to 40,000 Da and less than or equal to 60,000 Da). Other ranges are also possible. In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the reaction product is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

[0099] According to certain embodiments, at least a portion of the composition comprising the invisible fingerprint material is fixed to at least a portion of at least one surface of the substrate. For example, see reference... Figure 1 At least a portion of composition 130 is fixed to at least a portion of at least one surface 120 of substrate 110. In some embodiments, for example, at least a portion of composition 130 is chemically bonded (e.g., covalently bonded, non-covalently bonded) to at least a portion of at least one surface 120 of substrate 110. Examples of bonding interactions in some embodiments include covalent bonds, ionic bonds, van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, dipole interactions, coordination, chelation, etc. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the composition is fixed to at least a portion of at least one surface of the substrate via at least one -Si-O- bond.

[0100] According to some embodiments, the substrate is optically transparent. The substrate may have a variety of suitable optical transmittance percentages. For example, in some embodiments, the optical transmittance percentage of the substrate is greater than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 92%, greater than or equal to 94%, greater than or equal to 96%, greater than or equal to 98%, or greater than or equal to 99%. In some embodiments, the optical transmittance percentage of the substrate is less than or equal to 100%, less than or equal to 99%, less than or equal to 98%, less than or equal to 96%, less than or equal to 94%, or less than or equal to 92%. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., the optical transmittance percentage of the substrate is greater than or equal to 90% and less than or equal to 100%, or greater than or equal to 98% and less than or equal to 99%). Other ranges are also possible. According to some embodiments, the optical transmittance percentage of the substrate is determined using a spectrophotometer.

[0101] The substrate may comprise any of a variety of suitable materials. For example, in some embodiments, the substrate includes glass, ceramics, metals, metal oxides, polymers (e.g., acrylic polymers, plastics), electronic components (e.g., silicon wafers), and / or combinations thereof. Other materials are also possible.

[0102] In some embodiments, the substrate may contain an initial coating (e.g., a coating containing vinyl, such as a vinyl primer). Other initial coatings are also possible.

[0103] According to certain embodiments, a method for coating a substrate is described. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an exemplary method for coating a substrate according to some embodiments is shown.

[0104] In some embodiments, step 202 of method 200 includes providing a substrate 110 comprising at least one surface 120. According to some embodiments, the method includes activating at least a portion of the substrate. For example, in some embodiments, the substrate is activated by exposing it to a plasma of an inert gas, such as, but not limited to, argon (Ar), neon (Ne), helium (He), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), water (H2O), and / or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the substrate is activated by corona treatment. In some embodiments, the substrate is activated by mechanically treating the surface with a metal oxide. In some embodiments, the substrate is activated by acid etching (e.g., with a piranha solution (a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide), hydrofluoric acid, and / or hydrochloric acid). Without being bound by theory, due to the activation of the substrate, the density of hydroxyl (-OH) moieties on the substrate surface increases, thereby promoting the fixation (e.g., bonding) of at least a portion of the composition on the substrate surface, as explained in more detail herein.

[0105] According to some embodiments, step 204 of method 200 includes disposing (e.g., depositing) a composition 130 (e.g., an invisible fingerprint material) on at least a portion of at least one surface 120 of a substrate 110 such that the composition 130 coats said at least a portion of said at least one surface 120 of the substrate 110. In some embodiments, as explained in more detail herein, due to the composition being disposed on at least a portion of said at least one surface of the substrate, said at least a portion of the composition can be fixed (e.g., bonded) to said surface of the substrate, as explained in more detail herein.

[0106] According to some embodiments, although not shown in the figures, the composition may be disposed (e.g., deposited) on at least a portion of more than one surface of the substrate (e.g., two surfaces of the substrate, three surfaces of the substrate, four surfaces of the substrate, etc.).

[0107] Depositing the composition (e.g., an invisible fingerprint material) onto at least a portion of at least one surface of the substrate may include any of a variety of suitable deposition methods. For example, according to some embodiments, depositing the composition includes spraying (e.g., spray coating), spin coating (e.g., spin coating), dip coating (e.g., dip coating), wiping, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and / or combinations thereof.

[0108] In some embodiments, step 206 of method 200 includes applying heat 132 to the composition 130 after depositing the composition 130 on at least a portion of at least one surface 120 of the substrate 110. For example, in some embodiments, applying heat to the composition includes curing and / or annealing the composition. Other methods for applying heat to the composition are also possible.

[0109] According to some embodiments, heat 132 is applied to the composition 130 disposed on at least a portion of at least one surface 120 of the substrate 110 to obtain the article 100, as shown in step 208 of method 200.

[0110] The composition (e.g., an invisible fingerprint material) can be heated (e.g., cured) to any of a variety of suitable temperatures. For example, in some embodiments, the composition is heated to a temperature greater than or equal to 25°C, greater than or equal to 50°C, greater than or equal to 75°C, greater than or equal to 100°C, greater than or equal to 110°C, greater than or equal to 120°C, greater than or equal to 130°C, or greater than or equal to 140°C. In some embodiments, the composition is heated to a temperature less than or equal to 150°C, less than or equal to 140°C, less than or equal to 130°C, less than or equal to 120°C, less than or equal to 110°C, less than or equal to 100°C, less than or equal to 75°C, or less than or equal to 50°C. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., heating the composition to a temperature greater than or equal to 25°C and less than or equal to 150°C, or heating the composition to a temperature greater than or equal to 120°C and less than or equal to 140°C). Other ranges are also possible.

[0111] The composition (e.g., an invisible fingerprint material) can be heated (e.g., cured) at any of the above-mentioned temperatures for any of a variety of suitable times. For example, in some embodiments, the composition is heated for 1 minute or more, 30 minutes or more, 1 hour or more, 5 hours or more, 10 hours or more, 24 hours or more, 48 hours or more, or 72 hours or more. In some embodiments, the composition is heated for 96 hours or more, 72 hours or more, 48 hours or more, 24 hours or more, 10 hours or more, 5 hours or more, 1 hour or more, or 30 minutes or less. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., heating the composition for 1 minute or more and 96 hours or for 10 hours or more and 24 hours or more). Other ranges are also possible.

[0112] In some embodiments, the amount of time for heating (e.g., curing) the composition (e.g., a stealth fingerprint material) depends on the temperature at which the composition is heated. For example, in some embodiments, higher heating temperatures (e.g., greater than or equal to 100°C) are associated with shorter heating times (e.g., less than or equal to 1 hour). In some embodiments, lower heating temperatures (e.g., less than or equal to 75°C) are associated with longer heating times (e.g., greater than or equal to 5 hours).

[0113] In some embodiments, the amount of time (e.g., curing) the composition (e.g., an invisible fingerprint material) and / or the temperature at which the composition is heated depends on the substrate on which it is disposed (e.g., deposited). For example, in some embodiments, higher heating temperatures (e.g., greater than or equal to 100°C) and shorter heating times (e.g., less than or equal to 1 hour) are associated with compositions disposed on glass substrates. In some embodiments, lower heating temperatures (e.g., less than or equal to 75°C) and longer heating times (e.g., greater than or equal to 5 hours) are associated with compositions disposed on polymer (e.g., plastic) substrates.

[0114] According to some embodiments, the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material may be hydrophobic. The coating containing the invisible fingerprint material may have any of a variety of suitable water contact angles. For example, in some embodiments, the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 80°, greater than or equal to 85°, greater than or equal to 90°, greater than or equal to 95°, greater than or equal to 100°, greater than or equal to 105°, greater than or equal to 110°, greater than or equal to 115°, greater than or equal to 120°, greater than or equal to 125°, greater than or equal to 130°, greater than or equal to 135°, greater than or equal to 140°, greater than or equal to 145°, greater than or equal to 150°, greater than or equal to 155°, greater than or equal to 160°, greater than or equal to 165°, greater than or equal to 170°, or greater than or equal to 175°. In some embodiments, the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is less than or equal to 180°, less than or equal to 175°, less than or equal to 170°, less than or equal to 165°, less than or equal to 160°, less than or equal to 155°, less than or equal to 150°, less than or equal to 145°, less than or equal to 140°, less than or equal to 135°, less than or equal to 130°, less than or equal to 125°, less than or equal to 120°, less than or equal to 115°, less than or equal to 110°, less than or equal to 105°, less than or equal to 100°, less than or equal to 95°, less than or equal to 90°, or less than or equal to 85°. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 80° and less than or equal to 180°, or the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 130° and less than or equal to 140°). Other ranges are also possible. In some implementations, the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is determined using a goniometer.

[0115] In some embodiments, the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material may be oleophilic. The coating containing the invisible fingerprint material may have any of a variety of suitable diiodomethane contact angles. For example, in some embodiments, the diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 1°, greater than or equal to 5°, greater than or equal to 10°, greater than or equal to 15°, greater than or equal to 20°, greater than or equal to 25°, greater than or equal to 30°, greater than or equal to 35°, or greater than or equal to 40°. In some embodiments, the diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is less than or equal to 45°, less than or equal to 40°, less than or equal to 35°, less than or equal to 30°, less than or equal to 25°, less than or equal to 20°, less than or equal to 15°, less than or equal to 10°, or less than or equal to 5°. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., a diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material greater than or equal to 1° and less than or equal to 45°, or a diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material greater than or equal to 25° and less than or equal to 30°). Other ranges are also possible. In some embodiments, the diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is determined using a goniometer.

[0116] Conventional substrates and their coatings are subject to mechanical abrasion, which degrades, wears down, and / or reduces the thickness, transparency, and / or effectiveness of the coating over time. Abrasion occurs during user handling of the substrate, such as by wiping with a cloth to remove unwanted substances (e.g., dirt), which is periodically necessary to restore satisfactory visibility through the coating. In some embodiments, degradation may result from exposure to ultraviolet light, heat, cold, chemicals, salt and / or other corrosive substances, dirt, other abrasive substances, and / or other environmental factors, conditions, and / or materials.

[0117] In some embodiments, the coating (e.g., an anti-fingerprint coating) can be durable. For example, in some embodiments, the coating has a specific abrasion resistance measured by the water contact angle and / or diiodomethane contact angle after a certain number of abrasions. In some embodiments, the abrasion method is based on a linear abrasion apparatus using an eraser. For example, in some embodiments, the abrasion method is based on ASTM D1044.

[0118] According to certain embodiments, the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material can decrease by any of a variety of suitable percentages after multiple linear wear cycles (e.g., after 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 linear wear cycles). For example, in some embodiments, the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material decreases by less than or equal to 50%, less than or equal to 45%, less than or equal to 40%, less than or equal to 35%, less than or equal to 30%, less than or equal to 25%, less than or equal to 20%, or less than or equal to 15% after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles. In some embodiments, the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material decreases by greater than or equal to 10%, greater than or equal to 15%, greater than or equal to 20%, greater than or equal to 25%, greater than or equal to 30%, greater than or equal to 35%, greater than or equal to 40%, or greater than or equal to 45% after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles, respectively. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material decreases by less than or equal to 50% and greater than or equal to 10% after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles; the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material decreases by less than or equal to 30% and greater than or equal to 20% after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles). Other ranges are also possible.

[0119] In some embodiments, the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material may have any of a variety of suitable water contact angles after multiple linear wear cycles (e.g., after 3,000, 4,000, or 5,000 linear wear cycles). For example, in some embodiments, the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material has a water contact angle greater than or equal to 40°, greater than or equal to 45°, greater than or equal to 50°, greater than or equal to 55°, greater than or equal to 60°, greater than or equal to 65°, greater than or equal to 70°, greater than or equal to 75°, greater than or equal to 80°, greater than or equal to 85°, greater than or equal to 90°, greater than or equal to 95°, greater than or equal to 100°, greater than or equal to 105°, greater than or equal to 110°, greater than or equal to 115°, greater than or equal to 120°, greater than or equal to 125°, greater than or equal to 130°, greater than or equal to 135°, greater than or equal to 140°, greater than or equal to 145°, greater than or equal to 150°, greater than or equal to 155°, or greater than or equal to 160° after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles. In some embodiments, the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material has a water contact angle of less than or equal to 165°, less than or equal to 160°, less than or equal to 155°, less than or equal to 150°, less than or equal to 145°, less than or equal to 140°, less than or equal to 135°, less than or equal to 130°, less than or equal to 125°, less than or equal to 120°, less than or equal to 115°, less than or equal to 110°, less than or equal to 105°, less than or equal to 100°, less than or equal to 95°, less than or equal to 90°, less than or equal to 85°, less than or equal to 80°, less than or equal to 75°, less than or equal to 70°, less than or equal to 65°, less than or equal to 60°, less than or equal to 55°, less than or equal to 50°, or less than or equal to 45° after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., a coating containing the invisible fingerprint material having a water contact angle greater than or equal to 40° and less than or equal to 165° after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles; a coating containing the invisible fingerprint material having a water contact angle greater than or equal to 100° and less than or equal to 120° after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles). Other ranges are also possible. In some embodiments, the water contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material after multiple wear cycles (e.g., 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 wear cycles) is determined using a goniometer.

[0120] According to some embodiments, the diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material can increase by any of a variety of suitable percentages after multiple linear wear cycles (e.g., after 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 linear wear cycles). For example, in some embodiments, the diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material increases by greater than or equal to 10%, greater than or equal to 15%, greater than or equal to 20%, greater than or equal to 25%, greater than or equal to 30%, greater than or equal to 35%, greater than or equal to 40%, or greater than or equal to 45% after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles. In some embodiments, the diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material increases by less than or equal to 50%, less than or equal to 45%, less than or equal to 40%, less than or equal to 35%, less than or equal to 30%, less than or equal to 25%, less than or equal to 20%, or less than or equal to 15% after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles, respectively. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., the diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material increases by more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 50% after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles; the diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material increases by more than or equal to 25% and less than or equal to 30% after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles, respectively). Other ranges are also possible.

[0121] According to some embodiments, the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material may have any of a variety of suitable diiodomethane contact angles after multiple linear wear cycles (e.g., after 3,000, 4,000, or 5,000 linear wear cycles). For example, in some embodiments, the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material has a diiodomethane contact angle greater than or equal to 1°, greater than or equal to 5°, greater than or equal to 10°, greater than or equal to 15°, greater than or equal to 20°, greater than or equal to 25°, greater than or equal to 30°, greater than or equal to 35°, greater than or equal to 40°, greater than or equal to 45°, greater than or equal to 50°, greater than or equal to 55°, greater than or equal to 60°, or greater than or equal to 65° after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles. In some embodiments, the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material has a diiodomethane contact angle of less than or equal to 70°, less than or equal to 65°, less than or equal to 60°, less than or equal to 55°, less than or equal to 50°, less than or equal to 45°, less than or equal to 40°, less than or equal to 35°, less than or equal to 30°, less than or equal to 25°, less than or equal to 20°, less than or equal to 15°, less than or equal to 10°, or less than or equal to 5° after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., a coating containing the invisible fingerprint material having a diiodomethane contact angle greater than or equal to 1° and less than or equal to 70° after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles; a coating containing the invisible fingerprint material having a diiodomethane contact angle greater than or equal to 25° and less than or equal to 30° after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles). Other ranges are also possible. In some embodiments, the diiodomethane contact angle of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material after 3,000, 4,000, and / or 5,000 linear wear cycles is determined using a goniometer.

[0122] According to some embodiments, the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is lubricated. The coating containing the invisible fingerprint material can have any of a variety of suitable coefficients of friction values. Without being bound by theory, the coefficient of friction value can be inversely proportional to the amount of additives incorporated into the invisible fingerprint material, such that the more additives contained in the invisible fingerprint material, the lower the coefficient of friction.

[0123] In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 0.01, greater than or equal to 0.02, greater than or equal to 0.03, greater than or equal to 0.04, greater than or equal to 0.05, greater than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.08, or greater than or equal to 0.09. In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is less than or equal to 0.1, less than or equal to 0.09, less than or equal to 0.08, less than or equal to 0.07, less than or equal to 0.06, less than or equal to 0.05, less than or equal to 0.04, less than or equal to 0.03, or less than or equal to 0.02. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., the coefficient of friction of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.1, or the coefficient of friction of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.06). Other ranges are also possible. According to some implementations, the coefficient of friction of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is determined using a portable tribometer (Muse).

[0124] According to certain embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is reduced compared to the coefficient of friction of a comparative coating that is otherwise identical but without the additive. The percentage reduction in the coefficient of friction of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material compared to the coefficient of friction of a comparative composition that is otherwise identical but without the additive can be any of a variety of suitable values. For example, in some embodiments, the percentage reduction in the coefficient of friction of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material compared to the coefficient of friction of a comparative composition that is otherwise identical but without the additive is greater than or equal to 20%, greater than or equal to 25%, or greater than or equal to 30%. In some embodiments, the percentage reduction in the coefficient of friction of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material compared to the coefficient of friction of a comparative composition that is otherwise identical but without the additive is less than or equal to 35%, less than or equal to 30%, or less than or equal to 25%. Combinations of the ranges listed above are possible (e.g., a coating containing the invisible fingerprint material exhibiting a reduction in the coefficient of friction of ≥20% and ≤35% compared to a comparative composition that is otherwise identical but does not contain the additive; a coating containing the invisible fingerprint material exhibiting a reduction in the coefficient of friction of ≥25% and ≤30% compared to a comparative composition that is otherwise identical but does not contain the additive). Other ranges are also possible.

[0125] In some embodiments, the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material may be optically transparent. The coating containing the invisible fingerprint material may have any of a variety of suitable percentages of optical transmittance. For example, in some embodiments, the percentage of optical transmittance of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 92%, greater than or equal to 94%, greater than or equal to 96%, greater than or equal to 98%, or greater than or equal to 99%. In some embodiments, the percentage of optical transmittance of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is less than or equal to 100%, less than or equal to 99%, less than or equal to 98%, less than or equal to 96%, less than or equal to 94%, or less than or equal to 92%. Combinations of the above-listed ranges are possible (e.g., the percentage of optical transmittance of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 90% and less than or equal to 100%, or the percentage of optical transmittance of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 94% and less than or equal to 96%). Other ranges are also possible. According to some embodiments, the percentage of optical transmittance of the coating containing the invisible fingerprint material is determined using a spectrophotometer.

[0126] According to certain embodiments, a kit is described comprising a stealth fingerprint material (e.g., a non-fluorinated stealth fingerprint material). In some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material comprises one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and additives as described herein. In some embodiments, the stealth fingerprint material may be provided in solid form, and the kit may comprise one or more solvents configured to dissolve the stealth fingerprint material. In other embodiments, the kit may comprise one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents provided in solid form, additives provided in solid form, and one or more solvents configured to dissolve the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and the additives. In yet another embodiment, the kit may comprise one or more solutions comprising the stealth fingerprint material. For example, in some embodiments, the kit may comprise stealth fingerprint material pre-dissolved in one or more solvents and can be applied directly to a substrate surface.

[0127] As described herein, the composition (e.g., an invisible fingerprint material) can be coated onto a substrate comprising a transparent material such as glass or plastic. According to some embodiments, the coated substrate can be used as articles in transport vehicles and / or equipment. For example, articles for transport vehicles and / or equipment include, but are not limited to, exterior components of automobiles, aircraft, ships, and / or trains, such as exterior panels, window glass (e.g., windshields, side windows, rear windows, sunroofs), mirrors, and / or display panels, and interior components of automobiles, aircraft, ships, and / or trains, such as dashboards and / or displays. In some embodiments, the coated substrate can be used as articles in building equipment. For example, articles for building equipment include, but are not limited to, furniture, substrates (e.g., glass panels or windows for roofs, doors, partitions, and / or greenhouses), transparent plastic panels or windows used in place of glass or other than glass, and wall materials (e.g., ceramics, cement, etc.).

[0128] In some embodiments, the composition (e.g., an invisible fingerprint material) may be coated onto a substrate suitable for use in an electronic device. For example, in some embodiments, the composition may be coated onto an electronic component, such as a silicon wafer. According to some embodiments, the composition may be coated onto an article of manufacture for use in an electronic display, such as, but not limited to, mobile phone screens, computer monitors, television screens, touch screens, home appliances, and / or head-up displays.

[0129] The definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For the purposes of this invention, chemical elements are identified according to the periodic table, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th edition, inner cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Furthermore, the general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional groups and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito: 1999, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0130] It should be understood that compounds described herein may be substituted with any number of substituents or functional moieties. Generally, the term “substituted” (whether or not prefixed with the term “optionally”) and any substituent contained in the formulas of this invention refer to the substitution of a hydrogen group in a given structure with a specified substituent (e.g., a substituent that, upon substitution, forms a stable compound that does not spontaneously transform, e.g., through rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, or other reactions). When more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituents may be the same or different at each position. As used herein, the term “substituted” is intended to include all permissible substituents of an organic compound, and includes any substituent described herein that results in the formation of a stable compound. In a broad sense, permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, aromatic and non-aromatic substituents of organic compounds. For the purposes of this invention, heteroatoms such as nitrogen may have hydrogen substituents and / or any permissible substituent described herein that satisfies the heteroatom valence and results in the formation of a stable moiety in an organic compound. Furthermore, this invention is not intended to be limited in any way by the permissible substituents of organic compounds. The combinations of substituents and variables contemplated in this invention are preferably those that result in the formation of stable compounds suitable for stealth fingerprint applications. As used herein, the term "stable" preferably refers to a compound that has sufficient stability to allow manufacture and maintains the integrity of the compound for a sufficiently long period to be detectable, and preferably maintains the integrity of the compound for the purposes detailed herein.

[0131] As used herein, "alkyl" refers to a group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, either a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group ("C1-C1"). 10Alkyl group (“C1-C9 alkyl”). In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-C8 alkyl”). In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-C7 alkyl”). In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-C6 alkyl”). In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-C5 alkyl”). In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“C1-C4 alkyl”). In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-C3 alkyl”). In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-C2 alkyl”). In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 carbon atom. Carbon atom (“C1 alkyl”). In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms (“C2-C6 alkyl”). Examples of C1-C6 alkyl groups include methyl (C1), ethyl (C2), n-propyl (C3), isopropyl (C3), n-butyl (C4), tert-butyl (C4), sec-butyl (C4), isobutyl (C4), n-pentyl (C5), 3-pentyl (C5), pentyl (C5), neopentyl (C5), 3-methyl-2-butyl (C5), tert-pentyl (C5), and n-hexyl (C6). Other examples of alkyl groups include n-heptyl (C7), n-octyl (C8), etc. Unless otherwise stated, each example of an alkyl group is independently unsubstituted (“unsubstituted alkyl”) or substituted with one or more substituents (“substituted alkyl”). In some embodiments, the alkyl group is an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl group. 10 Alkyl group (e.g., -CH3). In some embodiments, the alkyl group is a substituted C1-C group. 10 alkyl.

[0132] As used herein, the term "alkenyl" includes a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and further includes at least one carbon-carbon double bond. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the alkenyl group may advantageously have a limited length, including C2-C... 10 , C2-C9, C2-C8, C2-C7, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4 and C2-C3.

[0133] As used herein, the term "alkynyl" includes a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and further includes at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the alkynyl group may advantageously have a limited length, including C3-C... 10 , C3-C9, C3-C8, C3-C7, C3-C6, C3-C5 and C3-C4.

[0134] It should be understood that adding the suffix "-ene" to a group indicates that the group is a divalent moiety. For example, an alkylene moiety is a divalent moiety of an alkyl group (e.g., derived from the formula -C). n H 2n - represents an acyclic carbon or a saturated acyclic carbon chain), and the alkenyl group is the divalent part of the alkenyl group (e.g., from the formula -C). n H 2n-2 - represents an acyclic carbon chain containing a carbon-carbon double bond, and the ynylene group is the divalent part of the ynylene group (e.g., from the formula -C). n H 2n-4 - indicates an acyclic carbon chain containing a carbon-carbon triple bond. Adding the suffix "-yne" after the group indicates that the group is a trivalent part (for example, alkylyne is the trivalent part of the alkyl group, alkenylyne is the trivalent part of the alkenyl group, and alkynylyne is the trivalent part of the alkynyyl group).

[0135] As used herein, the term "halogen" refers to fluorine (fluorinated, -F), chlorine (chlorinated, -Cl), bromine (brominated, -Br), or iodine (iodinated, -I).

[0136] As used herein, the term "hydroxyl" or "hydroxyl group" refers to the -OH group.

[0137] As used herein, the term "alkoxy" refers to an -O-(alkyl) or -O-(cycloalkyl) group. Examples of representative alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, cyclopropoxy, cyclobutoxy, and cyclopentoxy.

[0138] As understood from the above, alkyl, alkylene, and alkylynyl groups as defined herein are optionally substituted in some embodiments. Optional substitution refers to groups that may or may not be substituted (e.g., “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkyl groups).

[0139] The following examples are intended to illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention, but do not represent the full scope of the invention.

[0140] Example 1 The following examples describe the synthesis and characterization of stealth fingerprint materials containing polydimethylsiloxane additives.

[0141] The stealth fingerprint hydrolysis product was synthesized by reacting 11-chloroundecyltriethoxysilane with 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane in ethanol for 20 hours at room temperature.

[0142] Next, 2.5 g of the invisible fingerprint hydrolysate, 0.025 g of Siltech Di-10 additive (1 wt% relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint hydrolysate), and 0.5 g of 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane coupling agent (20 wt% relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint hydrolysate) were added to a 50 ml round-bottom flask containing 24 ml of isopropanol and a catalytic amount of KOH aqueous solution. The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated to obtain a clear liquid. The invisible fingerprint material reaction product was used without further purification. See also Figure 3 .

[0143] The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of a stealth fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-10 additive relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material are compared with the water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the following materials: (i) a stealth fingerprint material without the additive but otherwise identical; and (ii) a stealth fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-10 additive relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material. Figure 4A As shown, the water contact angle of the additive-free but otherwise identical invisible fingerprint material is 85°; the water contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-10 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material is 89°; and the water contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-10 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material is 100°. Similarly, as... Figure 4A As shown, the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material without additives but otherwise identical is 33°, the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-10 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material is 34°, and the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-10 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material is 57°.

[0144] The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of a stealth fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-10 additive relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material after 5,000 linear wear cycles were compared with the water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the following materials: (i) a stealth fingerprint material without the additive but otherwise identical after 5,000 linear wear cycles; and (ii) a stealth fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-10 additive relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material after 5,000 linear wear cycles. Figure 4BAs shown, the invisible fingerprint material without additives but otherwise identical has a water contact angle of 50° (reduction of 41%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles; the invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-10 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material has a water contact angle of 57° (reduction of 36%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles; and the invisible fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-10 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material has a water contact angle of 43° (reduction of 57%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles. Similarly... Figure 4B As shown, the invisible fingerprint material without additives but otherwise identical has a diiodomethane contact angle of 40° (an increase of 21%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles. The invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-10 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material has a diiodomethane contact angle of 40° (an increase of 18%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles. And the invisible fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-10 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material has a diiodomethane contact angle of 46° (a decrease of 19%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

[0145] Example 2 The following examples describe the synthesis and characterization of another stealth fingerprint material containing a polydimethylsiloxane additive.

[0146] The stealth fingerprint hydrolysis product was synthesized by reacting 11-chloroundecyltriethoxysilane with 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane in ethanol for 20 hours at room temperature.

[0147] Next, 5 g of the aforementioned invisible fingerprint hydrolysate, 0.05 g of Siltech Di-50 additive (1 wt% relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint hydrolysate), and 1 g of 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane coupling agent (20 wt% relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint hydrolysate) were added to a 50 ml round-bottom flask containing 24 ml of isopropanol and a catalytic amount of KOH aqueous solution. The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated to obtain an opaque liquid. The invisible fingerprint material reaction product was used without further purification. See also Figure 5 .

[0148] The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of a stealth fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 additive relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material were compared with the water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the following materials: (i) a stealth fingerprint material without the additive but otherwise identical; and (ii) a stealth fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-50 additive relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material. Figure 6A As shown, the water contact angle of the additive-free but otherwise identical invisible fingerprint material is 85°; the water contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material is 91°; and the water contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-50 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material is 92°. Similarly, as... Figure 6A As shown, the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material without additives but otherwise identical is 33°, the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material is 34°, and the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-50 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material is 53°.

[0149] The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of a stealth fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 additive relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material after 5,000 linear wear cycles were compared with the water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the following materials: (i) a stealth fingerprint material without the additive but otherwise identical after 5,000 linear wear cycles; and (ii) a stealth fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-50 additive relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material after 5,000 linear wear cycles. Figure 6B As shown, the invisible fingerprint material without additives but otherwise identical has a water contact angle of 50° (reduction of 41%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles; the invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material has a water contact angle of 51° (reduction of 44%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles; and the invisible fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-50 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material has a water contact angle of 53° (reduction of 42%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles. Similarly... Figure 6BAs shown, the invisible fingerprint material without additives but otherwise identical has a diiodomethane contact angle of 40° (an increase of 21%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles. The invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material has a diiodomethane contact angle of 40° (an increase of 18%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles. And the invisible fingerprint material containing 3% by weight of Siltech Di-50 relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material has a diiodomethane contact angle of 46° (a decrease of 13%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

[0150] Example 3 The following examples describe the synthesis and characterization of stealth fingerprint materials containing polydimethylsiloxane.

[0151] In reaction scheme A, 2 g of Siltech Di-50 and 0.4 g of 1,1,2-tris(triethoxysilyl)ethane coupling agent (20% by weight relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material) were added to a 25 ml round-bottom flask containing 15 ml of isopropanol and a catalytic amount of acetic acid. The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously under reflux for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to obtain an opaque liquid. The stealth fingerprint material reaction product was used without further purification.

[0152] In reaction scheme B, 2 g of Siltech Di-50 and 0.4 g of 1,1,2-tris(triethoxysilyl)ethane coupling agent (20% by weight relative to the total weight of the stealth fingerprint material) were added to a 25 ml round-bottom flask containing 15 ml of isopropanol and a catalytic amount of KOH aqueous solution. The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated to obtain an opaque liquid. The stealth fingerprint material reaction product was used without further purification. See also Figure 7 .

[0153] The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material (as described in Example 2 above), which contains 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 additive relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material, are compared with the water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the following materials: (i) the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme A; and (ii) the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme B. Figure 8A As shown, the water contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 additive relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material is 91°, the water contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme A is 92°, and the water contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme B is 105°. Similarly, as... Figure 8AAs shown, the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 additive relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material is 33°, the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme A is 63°, and the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme B is 65°.

[0154] The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material (as described in Example 2 above), containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 additive relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material, after 5,000 linear wear cycles, were compared with the water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the following materials: (i) the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme A after 5,000 linear wear cycles; and (ii) the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme B after 5,000 linear wear cycles. Figure 8B As shown, the invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 additive relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material has a water contact angle of 51° (reduction of 44%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles; the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme A has a water contact angle of 52° (reduction of 43%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles; and the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme B has a water contact angle of 46° (reduction of 56%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles. Similarly... Figure 8B As shown, the invisible fingerprint material containing 1% by weight of Siltech Di-50 additive relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material has a diiodomethane contact angle of 41° (an increase of 24%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles, the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme A has a diiodomethane contact angle of 44° (a decrease of 30%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles, and the invisible fingerprint material of reaction scheme B has a diiodomethane contact angle of 47° (a decrease of 28%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

[0155] Example 4 The following examples describe the coefficient of friction of invisible fingerprint materials containing polydimethylsiloxane additives.

[0156] An invisible fingerprint material containing 2% by weight of polydimethylsiloxane additive relative to the total weight of the aforementioned invisible fingerprint material was synthesized. The coefficient of friction of the invisible fingerprint material containing 2% by weight of polydimethylsiloxane additive relative to the total weight of the aforementioned invisible fingerprint material was determined according to ASTM D4265-14. Figure 9A As shown, the coefficient of friction is 0.085.

[0157] The coefficient of friction of invisible fingerprint materials that are otherwise identical but contain no additives was also determined according to ASTM D4265-14. For example... Figure 9BAs shown, the coefficient of friction is 0.130. Therefore, the addition of the polydimethylsiloxane additive reduces the coefficient of friction by 35%.

[0158] Example 5 The following examples describe the synthesis and characterization of stealth fingerprint materials containing polyethylene glycol additives.

[0159] The stealth fingerprint hydrolysis product was synthesized by adding 7.4 g of 3-[methoxy(polyoxyethyleneoxy)]propyltrimethoxysilane to a 50 ml round-bottom flask containing 20 ml of ethanol and a catalytic amount of KOH aqueous solution. The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously at room temperature for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give a clear, pale yellow liquid. The stealth fingerprint hydrolysis product was used without further purification.

[0160] Next, 2 g of the stealth fingerprint hydrolysis product and 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane were added to a 25 ml round-bottom flask containing 10 ml of isopropanol and a catalytic amount of KOH aqueous solution. The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give a clear yellow liquid. The stealth fingerprint reaction product was used without further purification. See also Figure 10 .

[0161] The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the stealth fingerprint material containing polyethylene glycol additives were compared with those of the following materials: (i) stealth fingerprint hydrolysis product materials that are otherwise identical but do not contain additives; and (ii) stealth fingerprint materials containing polydimethylsiloxane additives. Figure 11A As shown, the water contact angle of the invisible fingerprint hydrolysate material, which is otherwise identical but contains no additives, is 85°; the water contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing polydimethylsiloxane additives is 91°; and the water contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing polyethylene glycol is 42°. Similarly, as... Figure 11A As shown, the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint hydrolysis product material without additives but otherwise identical is 33°, the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing polydimethylsiloxane additives is 65°, and the diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing polyethylene glycol additives is 43°.

[0162] The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the invisible fingerprint material containing polyethylene glycol additive after 5,000 linear wear cycles were compared with those of the following materials: (i) an invisible fingerprint material without additives but otherwise identical after 5,000 linear wear cycles; and (ii) an invisible fingerprint material containing polydimethylsiloxane additive after 5,000 linear wear cycles. Figure 11BAs shown, the invisible fingerprint material without additives but otherwise identical exhibits a water contact angle of 46° (a 49% reduction) after 5,000 linear abrasion cycles. The invisible fingerprint material containing polydimethylsiloxane additives has a water contact angle of 51° (a 44% reduction) after 5,000 linear abrasion cycles, and the invisible fingerprint material containing polyethylene glycol additives has a water contact angle of 39° (a 7% reduction) after 5,000 linear abrasion cycles. Similarly... Figure 11B As shown, the invisible fingerprint material without additives but otherwise identical has a diiodomethane contact angle of 40° (an increase of 21%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles, the invisible fingerprint material with polydimethylsiloxane additive has a diiodomethane contact angle of 47° (a decrease of 28%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles, and the invisible fingerprint material with polyethylene glycol additive has a diiodomethane contact angle of 34° (a decrease of 21%) after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

[0163] Although some embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated herein, those skilled in the art will readily conceive of many other ways and / or structures for achieving the functions described herein and / or obtaining the results and / or one or more advantages described herein, and each of such variations and / or modifications is considered to be within the scope of the invention. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily understand that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are intended to be exemplary, and actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and / or configurations will depend on the specific application or multiple applications to which the teachings of the invention are applied. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to determine, by no more than conventional experimentation, many equivalents of the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only, and that the invention may be practiced in ways other than those specifically described and claimed within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. The invention relates to each individual feature, system, article, material, and / or method described herein. Furthermore, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, and / or methods is included within the scope of the invention if such features, systems, articles, materials, and / or methods are not contradictory.

[0164] If this specification contains conflicting and / or inconsistent disclosures with any other document incorporated by reference, this specification shall prevail. If two or more documents incorporated by reference contain conflicting and / or inconsistent disclosures with each other, the document with the later effective date shall prevail.

[0165] All definitions used in this document should be understood to take precedence over dictionary definitions, definitions in referenced literature, and / or the general meaning of the defined terms.

[0166] The indefinite articles “a” and “an” used in this specification and claims shall be understood as “at least one” unless the opposite is explicitly stated.

[0167] The term “and / or” as used in this specification and claims should be understood to mean “any one or both” of the so-called related elements, that is, elements that exist together in some cases and separately in others. Unless expressly indicated otherwise, other elements may optionally exist in addition to the elements specifically identified by the “and / or” clause, whether related to or unrelated to those specifically identified elements. Thus, as a non-limiting example, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising,” reference to “A and / or B” may in one embodiment refer to A without B (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, refer to B without A (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, refer to both A and B (optionally including other elements); and so on.

[0168] As used in this specification and claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and / or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and / or” should be interpreted as inclusive, that is, including at least one of several or a series of elements, but also including more than one, and optionally including other items not listed. Only terms that explicitly indicate the opposite, such as “only one” or “exactly one”, or when used in the claims, “consisting of” will refer to including exactly one of several or a series of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein should only be interpreted as indicating an exclusive alternative (i.e., “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by an exclusive term such as “any,” “one of,” “only one,” or “exactly one.” When used in the claims, “consisting substantially of” should have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.

[0169] The phrase "at least one" as used in this specification and claims, referring to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily at least one of every element specifically listed in the list of elements, and does not exclude any combination of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows for the optional presence of other elements besides those specifically identified in the list of elements referred to by the phrase "at least one," whether related to or unrelated to those specifically identified elements. Thus, as a non-limiting example, "at least one of A and B" (or equivalently, "at least one of A or B," or equivalently, "at least one of A and / or B") in one embodiment may refer to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, without B (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, it refers to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, without A (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, it refers to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); and so on.

[0170] In the claims and the foregoing description, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,” etc., shall be understood as open-ended, that is, meaning including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting substantially of” shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as set forth in Section 2111.03 of the Manual of Patent Examining Procedures of the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Claims

1. A composition comprising: An invisible fingerprint material comprising a reaction product of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and an additive comprising at least one hydrolyzable portion. in: The amount of the additive contained in the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight (wt.%) and less than or equal to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material. The invisible fingerprint material is non-fluorinated, and The coefficient of friction of the composition is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.

1.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the invisible fingerprint material comprises the additive in an amount greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight and less than or equal to 1% by weight.

3. The composition according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents comprises at least one hydrolyzable portion.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the reaction product is a reaction product of two or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and the additive containing at least one hydrolyzable portion.

5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein at least one silane-containing crosslinking agent comprises an alkyl chain.

6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the alkyl chain comprises 2 or more and 20 or fewer alkyl groups.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 5-6, wherein the at least one silane-containing crosslinking agent comprises an oleophilic portion.

8. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the lipophilic portion is chlorine (Cl).

9. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the at least one silane-containing crosslinking agent comprises a compound of the following formula: in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 )2 and OR 2 , Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, X is chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I), and n is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 20.

10. The composition according to claim 9, wherein X is chlorine (Cl).

11. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the at least one silane-containing crosslinking agent comprises a compound of the following formula: in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 )2 and OR 2 , Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, and n is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 20.

12. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the at least one silane-containing crosslinking agent comprises a compound of the following formula: in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 )2 and OR 2 ,and Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 Alkyne group.

13. The composition according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the molecular weight of the additive is greater than or equal to 1,000 Da and less than or equal to 4,000 Da.

14. The composition according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein the additive comprises a linear or branched compound.

15. The composition according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein the additive comprises a linear or branched compound of the following formula: in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-Si(R 1 )2-(R 3 ) x -[Si(R 1 )2-O] z -(R 3 ) y -Si(R 1 )3, Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each R 3 Same or different, and selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Iso-ynyl-, Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0. Each y is independently less than or equal to 5, and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

16. The composition according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein the additive comprises polydimethylsiloxane.

17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the additive comprises a linear or branched compound of the following formula: in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-Si(R 1 )2-(R 3 ) x -[Si(CH3)2-O] z -(R 3 ) y -Si(R 1 )3, Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each R 3 Same or different, and selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Iso-ynyl-, Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0. Each y is independently less than or equal to 5, and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

18. The composition according to any one of claims 16-17, wherein the additive comprises a linear or branched compound of the following formula: in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-Si(CH3)2-(R 3 ) x -[Si(CH3)2-O] z -(R 3 ) y -Si(CH3)2(R 1 ), Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each R 3 Same or different, and selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Iso-ynyl-, Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0. Each y is independently less than or equal to 5, and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

19. The composition according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein the additive comprises polyethylene glycol.

20. The composition of claim 19, wherein the additive comprises a linear or branched compound of the following formula: in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-[(CH2)2-O] z -(R 3 ) x -Si(R 1 )3, Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each R 3 Selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Iso-ynyl-, R 4 Selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0, and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

21. The composition according to any one of claims 1-20, wherein at least one hydrolyzable portion of the additive comprises an alkoxy moiety, a hydroxy moiety, a hydrogen moiety, a halogen moiety, an amine, and / or a combination thereof.

22. The composition according to any one of claims 3-21, wherein at least one hydrolyzable portion of the one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents comprises an alkoxy moiety, a hydroxy moiety, a hydrogen moiety, a halogen moiety, an amine, and / or a combination thereof.

23. The composition according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein the reaction product is a hydrolysis product.

24. The composition according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein the molecular weight of the reaction product is less than or equal to 100,000 Da.

25. The composition according to any one of claims 1-24, wherein the coefficient of friction is reduced compared to a comparative composition which is otherwise identical but does not contain the additive.

26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the percentage reduction in the coefficient of friction compared to a comparative composition which is otherwise identical but does not contain the additive is greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 35%.

27. The composition according to any one of claims 1-26, wherein the water contact angle of the composition is less than or equal to 180°.

28. The composition of claim 27, wherein the water contact angle of the composition is greater than or equal to 80°.

29. The composition according to any one of claims 27-28, wherein the water contact angle of the composition decreases by less than or equal to 50% after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

30. The composition according to any one of claims 27-29, wherein the water contact angle of the composition decreases by less than or equal to 10% after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

31. The composition according to any one of claims 29-30, wherein the water contact angle of the composition after 5,000 linear wear cycles is greater than or equal to 70° and less than or equal to 165°.

32. The composition according to any one of claims 1-31, wherein the diiodomethane contact angle of the composition is less than or equal to 45°.

33. The composition according to claim 32, wherein the diiodomethane contact angle of the composition is greater than or equal to 1°.

34. The composition according to any one of claims 32-33, wherein the diiodomethane contact angle of the composition increases by less than or equal to 50% after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

35. The composition according to any one of claims 32-24, wherein the diiodomethane contact angle of the composition increases by less than or equal to 10% after 5,000 linear wear cycles.

36. The composition according to any one of claims 34-35, wherein the diiodomethane contact angle of the composition after 5,000 linear wear cycles is greater than or equal to 1° and less than or equal to 45°.

37. A composition comprising: An invisible fingerprint material comprising a reaction product of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and an additive comprising at least one hydrolyzable portion. in: The amount of the additive contained in the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight (wt.%) and less than or equal to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material. The invisible fingerprint material is non-fluorinated, and The additive comprises linear or branched compounds of the following formula: in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-Si(R 1 )2-(R 3 ) x -[Si(R 1 )2-O] z -(R 3 ) y -Si(R 1 )3, Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each R 3 Same or different, and selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Iso-ynyl-, Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0. Each y is independently less than or equal to 5, and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

38. The composition of claim 37, wherein the invisible fingerprint material comprises the additive in an amount greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight and less than or equal to 1% by weight.

39. A composition comprising: An invisible fingerprint material comprising a reaction product of one or more silane-containing crosslinking agents and an additive comprising at least one hydrolyzable portion. in: The amount of the additive contained in the invisible fingerprint material is greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight (wt.%) and less than or equal to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the invisible fingerprint material. The invisible fingerprint material is non-fluorinated, and The additive comprises linear or branched compounds of the following formula: in: Each R 1 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl, -C3-C 10 Alkyne, halogen, N(R) 2 2. OR 2 and -O-[(CH2)2-O] z -(R 3 ) x -Si(R 1 )3, Each R 2 Same or different, and selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each R 3 Selected from oxygen, -C1-C 10 Alkylene -, -C2-C 10 alkenyl- and -C3-C 10 Iso-ynyl-, R 4 Selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -C1-C 10 Alkyl, -C2-C 10 alkenyl and -C3-C 10 alkynyl group, Each x is independently greater than or equal to 0, and Each z is independently greater than or equal to 1.

40. The composition of claim 39, wherein the invisible fingerprint material comprises the additive in an amount greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight and less than or equal to 1% by weight.

41. Articles, which include: Substrate, the substrate comprising at least one surface; and The composition of any one of claims 1-40, wherein the composition is disposed on at least a portion of the at least one surface such that the composition coats the at least a portion of the at least one surface.

42. The article of claim 41, wherein the substrate comprises glass, ceramic, metal, metal oxide, polymer and / or combinations thereof.

43. The article of any one of claims 41-42, wherein the composition is fixed on at least one surface of the substrate.

44. The article of claim 43, wherein the composition is fixed on the at least one surface of the substrate by at least one -Si-O- bond.

45. The article of manufacture according to any one of claims 41-44, wherein the composition is an invisible fingerprint coating.

46. ​​A method for coating a substrate, comprising: Provide a substrate comprising at least one surface; The composition of any one of claims 1-40 is deposited on at least a portion of the at least one surface such that the composition coats the at least a portion of the at least one surface.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein depositing the composition comprises spraying, spin coating, dip coating, physical vapor deposition and / or a combination thereof.

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