Operating mechanism for continuous secondary shearing and smashing and directional scattering and returning of straw to field

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw continuous secondary shearing and smashing and directional throwing and returning operation mechanism, and belongs to agricultural machinery. The mechanism comprises a straw secondary continuous crushing mechanism composed of a movable cutter and fixed cutters A and B, and a power transmission mechanism composed of belt wheels A, B and C, a transmission belt, transmission shafts A, B and C, bevel gears B and D and cylindrical bevel gears A and B, the directional scattering mechanism is composed of transmission shafts D, E and F, bevel gears A and C, a bearing support, cylindrical gears A and B, connecting shafts A, B and C, a connecting piece, a long-hole-shaped connecting rod, eccentric plates A and B, a circular plate, connecting rods A and B and discharging fender assemblies A and B; the mechanism is novel and unique in structure, good in straw smashing quality, smooth and uniform in field returning and paving, good in effect, high in operation efficiency, high in application capacity and wide in application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to agricultural machinery and mainly relates to a mechanism for crushing and spreading crop straw back to the field. Background Technology

[0002] As a renewable agricultural resource, crop straw plays a vital role in soil improvement, enhancing land quality, increasing humus content, and promoting crop growth through its return to the field. Especially in recent years, with the significant increase in demand for green and organic agricultural products, ensuring the quality of land resources has become a critical technical challenge. Therefore, returning crop straw to the field has become an important agronomic technique for improving soil structure. However, due to shortcomings and deficiencies in structural design, current straw crushing and returning methods, including straw crushing and returning mechanisms on crop harvesters or dedicated straw collection and crushing machines, all suffer from issues that require improvement in straw crushing quality and straw spreading quality. These improvements are needed to better adapt to and meet the demands of straw crushing and returning operations and provide greater support for soil quality improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the prior art and, in light of the current practical needs for mechanized straw crushing and returning to the field, to develop a new structure for continuous secondary shearing, crushing, and directional spreading of straw, thereby achieving high-quality straw crushing and good spreading effect.

[0004] The purpose of this invention is achieved as follows: A right side plate, a front baffle, a left side plate, and a rear baffle are sequentially connected and fixed. An arc-shaped bottom plate is fixed to the lower end of the front baffle, located between the right and left side plates, forming a straw crushing box. A drive shaft C is rotatably supported and installed on the right and left side plates, inside the straw crushing box cavity. Spokes are fixed to the left and right ends of the drive shaft C within the straw crushing box, respectively. A moving blade shaft is fixedly supported and inserted into the spokes at the left and right ends. Multiple moving blades... A fixed blade A is fixedly mounted on the moving blade shaft at equal intervals. A fixed blade A is fixedly mounted at the connection between the lower part of the front baffle and the upper part of the arc-shaped base plate. A fixed blade B is fixedly mounted on the arc-shaped base plate, below the fixed blade A, via the fixed blade shaft. The moving blade is inserted and overlapped with the fixed blades A and B in a staggered manner. Pulleys B and C are fixedly mounted on the outer ends of the drive shaft C on the left and right sides of the plate, respectively. A straw conveying control plate and a cylindrical enclosure are fixedly mounted on the lower front and rear sides of the rear baffle, respectively. The upper end of the cylindrical enclosure and... A cover plate and a base plate are fixedly mounted on the lower end. On the base plate, shaft seats A and D, and shaft seats C and B are coaxially fixed. Drive shaft A, sequentially mounted with pulley A, bevel gear D, and helical gear B, is rotatably supported and inserted into shaft seats D and A. Drive shaft B, sequentially mounted with helical gear A and bevel gear B, is rotatably supported and inserted into shaft seats C and B. Drive shafts A and B are parallel to each other. Helical gear A meshes with helical gear B. A drive belt is fitted onto the belt... On pulley A and pulley B; bearing seats B and C are fixedly mounted on the upper left and right sides of the base plate of the shaft seat, respectively; drive shaft D and drive shaft F are rotatably mounted on bearing seats B and bearing seats C, respectively; bevel gear A and bevel gear C are fixedly mounted on the upper ends of drive shaft D and drive shaft F, respectively; bevel gear A meshes with bevel gear B, and bevel gear C meshes with bevel gear D; cylindrical gear B is fixedly mounted on the lower side of drive shaft D and drive shaft F, respectively; and a spill-proof protective plate is fixedly mounted on the middle part of the lower end face of the base plate of the shaft seat.Bearing cylinders are fixedly mounted on drive shafts D and F, respectively, at the outer part of cylindrical gear B. A pawl and a pawl base plate are fixedly mounted on the outer circumference and bottom end of the bearing cylinders, respectively. Bearing brackets are fixedly mounted on the lower ends of the right and left side plates, respectively. Drive shaft E is rotatably mounted on the bearing brackets. Cylindrical gear A and a connecting piece are fixedly mounted on the upper and lower ends of drive shaft E, respectively. A roller is mounted on the eccentric part of the connecting piece. Cylindrical gear A meshes with cylindrical gear B. Connecting shaft A and connecting shaft C are fixedly mounted on the bearing brackets, parallel to drive shaft E, respectively. A long-hole connecting rod is rotatably mounted sequentially from top to bottom on connecting shaft C. Eccentric plate A, circular plate, and eccentric plate B are included. A long-hole connecting rod is fixedly integrated with eccentric plate A, circular plate, and eccentric plate B. A roller is reciprocally mounted within the slot of the long-hole connecting rod. Connecting shaft B is coaxially mounted on the bearing bracket, located below connecting shaft A. Discharge blade assemblies A and B are respectively mounted on connecting shaft A and connecting shaft B, allowing them to reciprocate circumferentially. Both ends of connecting rod A are hinged to eccentric plate A and discharge blade assembly A, respectively, and both ends of connecting rod B are hinged to eccentric plate B and discharge blade assembly B, respectively. This constitutes a mechanism for continuous secondary shearing, crushing, and directional spreading of straw back to the field.

[0005] This invention employs a combination of fixed blades A and B, along with a moving blade, to perform two or more continuous crushing operations on straw. The crushed straw, dispensing from the supporting cylinder, is controlled by the reciprocating oscillation of the discharge blade assemblies A and B in the same direction as the working movement. This directional dispensing also ensures even coverage. The invention features a novel and unique structure, high-quality straw crushing, smooth and uniform coverage, high operating efficiency, strong applicability, and wide adaptability, providing technical support for the mechanized operation of crop straw crushing and returning to the field. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the straw continuous secondary shearing, crushing and directional spreading and returning to the field operation mechanism; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A two-dimensional schematic diagram of a partial cross-section from the front; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Top-view partial section diagram; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Sectional view along line A-A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the bearing base plate and the drive shafts A and B; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overlapping state of the load-bearing support and the exhaust leaf plates A and B; Figure 7 This is a two-dimensional cross-sectional schematic diagram of the support frame and the exhaust blades A and B; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the support bracket and the discharge sub-plates A and B in their open states; Figure 9 This is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the support frame and the exhaust leaf plates A and B; Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Sectional view along line B-B; Figure 11 yes Figure 9 C-C sectional view; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional schematic diagram of the support bracket and the discharge sub-plates A and B in the open state; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the cylindrical shroud and the bearing base plate.

[0007] Part number description in the image: 1. Right side plate; 2. Rear baffle; 3. Shaft seat base plate; 4. Cylindrical surround plate; 5. Dispensing claw; 6. Claw base plate; 7. Cover plate; 8. Bearing bracket; 9. Pulley A; 10. Drive shaft A; 11. Drive belt; 12. Drive shaft C; 13. Pulley B; 14. Fixed cutter shaft; 15. Left side plate; 16. Moving cutter; 17. Arc-shaped base plate; 18. Fixed cutter A; 19. Front baffle; 20. Drive shaft B; 21. Pulley C; 22. Shaft seat B; 23. Drive shaft D; 24. Bearing seat B; 25. Cylindrical gear A; 26. Drive shaft E; 27. Cylindrical gear B; 28. Bearing cylinder; 29. ​​Exhaust fender assembly A; 30. Exhaust 31. Fender assembly B, 32. Spreading guard plate, 33. Connecting shaft A, 34. Connecting shaft B, 35. Connecting rod B, 36. Connecting piece, 37. Long hole-shaped connecting rod, 38. Eccentric plate A, 39. Circular plate, 40. Eccentric plate B, 41. Connecting shaft C, 42. Drive shaft F, 43. Bevel gear C, 44. Bevel gear D, 45. Bearing seat C, 46. Cylindrical helical gear B, 47. Cylindrical helical gear A, 48. Shaft seat A, 49. Bevel gear A, 50. Bevel gear B, 51. Shaft seat C, 52. Shaft seat D, 53. Fixed blade B, 54. Moving blade shaft, 55. Spoke plate, 56. Crushed straw conveying control board, 57. Roller. Detailed Implementation

[0008] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. A continuous two-stage shearing, crushing, and directional spreading and returning-to-field mechanism for straw comprises a right side plate 1, a front baffle 19, a left side plate 15, and a rear baffle 2 sequentially connected and fixed. An arc-shaped bottom plate 17 is fixedly installed on the lower end of the front baffle 19, between the right side plate 1 and the left side plate 15, forming a straw crushing box. A drive shaft C12 is rotatably supported and installed on the right side plate 1 and the left side plate 15, inside the straw crushing box cavity. Spoke plates 55 are fixedly installed on the left and right ends of the drive shaft C12 inside the straw crushing box, respectively. A moving blade shaft 54 ​​is fixedly supported and inserted into the spoke plates 55 at the left and right ends. Multiple moving blades 16 are sequentially... Equally spaced fixed blades are mounted on the moving blade shaft 54. A fixed blade A18 is fixed at the connection between the lower part of the front baffle 19 and the upper part of the arc-shaped base plate 17. A fixed blade B53 is fixed on the arc-shaped base plate 17, below the fixed blade A18, via the fixed blade shaft 14. The moving blade 16 is interlocked with the fixed blades A18 and B53 in a staggered, overlapping fit. Pulleys B13 and C21 are fixed to the outer ends of the drive shaft C12 on the left side plate 15 and right side plate 1, respectively. A straw conveying control plate 56 and a cylindrical enclosure plate 4 are fixed to the lower front and rear sides of the rear baffle 2, respectively. The upper and lower ends of the cylindrical enclosure plate 4 are respectively... Separately fix the cover plate 7 and the bearing base plate 3. On the bearing base plate 3, fix bearing bases A48 and D52 and C51 and B22 coaxially, respectively. The drive shaft A10, which sequentially fixes pulley A9, bevel gear D44, and cylindrical helical gear B46, is rotatably supported and inserted on bearing bases D52 and A48. The drive shaft B20, which sequentially fixes cylindrical helical gear A47 and bevel gear B50, is rotatably supported and inserted on bearing bases C51 and B22. The drive shafts A10 and B20 are parallel to each other. The cylindrical helical gear A47 meshes with the cylindrical helical gear B46. The drive belt 11 is fitted onto pulley A. 9 and pulley B13; bearing seats B24 and C45 are fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the upper end of the shaft seat base plate 3, respectively; drive shaft D23 and drive shaft F42 are rotatably mounted on bearing seats B24 and C45, respectively; bevel gear A49 and bevel gear C43 are fixedly mounted on the upper ends of drive shaft D23 and drive shaft F42, respectively; bevel gear A49 meshes with bevel gear B50; bevel gear C43 meshes with bevel gear D44; cylindrical gear B27 is fixedly mounted on the lower side of drive shaft D23 and drive shaft F42, respectively; and anti-spillage guard plate 31 is fixedly mounted on the middle part of the lower end face of shaft seat base plate 3.A bearing cylinder 28 is fixedly mounted on the drive shafts D23 and F42, located outside the cylindrical gear B27. A pawl 5 and a pawl base plate 6 are fixedly mounted on the outer circumference and bottom end of the bearing cylinder 28, respectively. Bearing brackets 8 are fixedly mounted on the lower ends of the right side plate 1 and the left side plate 15, respectively. The drive shaft E26 is rotatably mounted on the bearing brackets 8. A cylindrical gear A25 and a connecting piece 36 are fixedly mounted on the upper and lower ends of the drive shaft E26, respectively. A roller 57 is mounted on the eccentric portion of the connecting piece 36. The cylindrical gear A25 meshes with the cylindrical gear B27. A connecting shaft A32 and a connecting shaft C41 are fixedly mounted on the bearing brackets 8, parallel to the drive shaft E26. The connecting shaft C41 is rotatable from top to bottom. A long-hole connecting rod 37, an eccentric plate A38, a circular plate 39, and an eccentric plate B40 are sequentially mounted. The long-hole connecting rod 37 is fixedly integrated with the eccentric plates A38, 39, and B40. A roller 57 is reciprocally mounted within the slot of the long-hole connecting rod 37. A connecting shaft B33 is mounted coaxially on the bearing bracket 8, located below the connecting shaft A32. A discharge fender assembly A29 and a discharge fender assembly B30 are respectively mounted on the connecting shaft A32 and B33, allowing them to reciprocate circumferentially. The two ends of connecting rod A34 are hinged to the eccentric plate A38 and the discharge fender assembly A29, respectively. The two ends of connecting rod B35 are hinged to the eccentric plate B40 and the discharge fender assembly B30, respectively.

[0009] When used for straw crushing and returning to the field, the external rotational power drives the moving blade 16 to rotate via pulley C21, drive shaft C12, spoke 55, and moving blade shaft 54. The moving blade 16 then engages in shearing motion with the fixed blade A18 and fixed blade B53. Simultaneously, drive shaft C12 drives bevel gear D44 and helical gear B46 to rotate via pulley B13, drive belt 11, pulley A9, and drive shaft A10. Helical gear B46 drives bevel gear B50 to rotate via helical gear A47 and drive shaft B20. Bevel gear D44 then drives bevel gear C43, drive shaft F42, helical gear B27, helical gear A25, drive shaft E26, and connecting piece 36 to rotate. The machine moves, and then the roller 57 on the connecting piece 36 and the elongated connecting rod 37 synchronously drive the eccentric plate A38 and eccentric plate B40 to reciprocate in a circular motion. The connecting rods A34 and B35 respectively drive the discharge blade assembly A29 and discharge blade assembly 30 to reciprocate in an arc shape along the direction of the machine's movement, completing the directional laying of straw by the discharge blade assembly A29 and discharge blade assembly B30 fixed on the left side plate 15. At the same time, the bevel gear B50 drives the discharge blade assembly A29 and discharge blade assembly B30 fixed on the bearing bracket 8 on the right side plate 1 to reciprocate via the bevel gear A49 and the drive shaft D23, completing the directional laying of straw. The drive shafts F42 and D23 drive the spreading claw 5 to rotate via the bearing cylinder 28, throwing the crushed straw to the rear. Straw is fed from above into the straw crushing box, which consists of a right side plate 1, a front baffle 19, a left side plate 15, a rear baffle 2, and an arc-shaped bottom plate 17. The straw is crushed by the shearing action of the moving blade 16 and the fixed blades A18 and B53. The crushed straw is then fed into the front inlet of the carrying cylinder 28 with the help of the conveying control plate 56. The rotating carrying cylinder 28 uses the spreading claws 5 to discharge the crushed straw from the rear outlet.

Claims

1. A mechanism for continuous secondary shearing, crushing, and directional spreading of straw back to the field, characterized in that: The right side plate (1), front baffle (19), left side plate (15), and rear baffle (2) are connected and fixed in sequence. An arc-shaped bottom plate (17) is fixed on the lower end of the front baffle (19) between the right side plate (1) and the left side plate (15) to form a straw crushing box. The drive shaft C (12) is rotatably supported and installed on the right side plate (1) and the left side plate (15) inside the straw crushing box. Spokes (55) are fixed on the left and right ends of the drive shaft C (12) inside the straw crushing box. The moving blade shaft (54) is fixedly supported and inserted into the spokes (55) on the left and right ends. Multiple moving blades (16) are fixedly installed on the moving blade shaft (54) at equal intervals. The lower part of the front baffle (19) and the front baffle (2) are connected to the front baffle (19) to form a straw crushing box. A fixed blade A (18) is fixed at the upper connection part of the arc-shaped base plate (17). A fixed blade B (53) is fixed on the arc-shaped base plate (17) below the fixed blade A (18) via a fixed blade shaft (14). The moving blade (16) is inserted and overlapped with the fixed blade A (18) and the fixed blade B (53) in a cross-staggered manner. Pulleys B (13) and C (21) are fixed on the outer ends of the transmission shaft C (12) on the left side plate (15) and the right side plate (1), respectively. A straw conveying control plate (56) and a cylindrical enclosure plate (4) are fixed on the lower front and rear parts of the rear baffle (2), respectively. A cover plate (7) and a shaft seat base plate (3) are fixed on the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical enclosure plate (4), respectively. On plate (3), fixed bearing seats A (48) and D (52) and bearing seats C (51) and B (22) are respectively coaxially mounted. The drive shaft A (10) of pulley A (9), bevel gear D (44), and cylindrical helical gear B (46) is rotatably supported and inserted on bearing seats D (52) and bearing seat A (48). The drive shaft B (20) of cylindrical helical gear A (47) and bevel gear B (50) is rotatably supported and inserted on bearing seats C (51) and bearing seat B (22). The drive shaft A (10) and drive shaft B (20) are parallel to each other. Cylindrical helical gear A (47) and cylindrical helical gear B (46) mesh. The drive belt (11) is fitted on pulley A (9) and pulley B (13). On the upper left and right sides of the bearing base plate (3), bearing seats B (24) and C (45) are fixedly mounted respectively. Drive shafts D (23) and F (42) are rotatably mounted on bearing seats B (24) and C (45) respectively. Bevel gears A (49) and C (43) are fixedly mounted on the upper ends of drive shafts D (23) and F (42) respectively. Bevel gears A (49) mesh with bevel gears B (50) and C (43) mesh with bevel gears D (44). Cylindrical gears B (27) are fixedly mounted on the lower sides of drive shafts D (23) and F (42) respectively. Anti-spillage guard plate (31) is fixedly mounted on the middle part of the lower end face of the bearing base plate (3).A bearing cylinder (28) is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft D (23) and drive shaft F (42) at the outer part of the cylindrical gear B (27). A pawl (5) and a pawl base plate (6) are fixedly mounted on the outer circumference and bottom end of the bearing cylinder (28). A bearing bracket (8) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the right side plate (1) and the left side plate (15). A drive shaft E (26) is rotatably mounted on the bearing bracket (8). A cylindrical gear A (25) and a connecting piece (36) are fixedly mounted on the upper and lower ends of the drive shaft E (26). A roller (57) is mounted on the eccentric part of the connecting piece (36). The cylindrical gear A (25) meshes with the cylindrical gear B (27). A connecting shaft A (32) and a connecting shaft C (41) are fixedly mounted on the bearing bracket (8) parallel to the drive shaft E (26). A rotatable bearing bracket (57) is mounted on the connecting shaft C (41) from top to bottom. A long-hole connecting rod (37), an eccentric plate A (38), a circular plate (39), and an eccentric plate B (40) are sequentially mounted in a rotating manner. The long-hole connecting rod (37) is fixedly integrated with the eccentric plates A (38), B (39), and B (40). The roller (57) is reciprocally mounted in the slot of the long-hole connecting rod (37) and is coaxial with the bearing bracket (8) at the lower side of the connecting shaft A (32). Install connecting shaft B (33). Discharge fender assembly A (29) and discharge fender assembly B (30) are respectively mounted on connecting shaft A (32) and connecting shaft B (33) in a circumferential direction. The two ends of connecting rod A (34) are hinged to eccentric plate A (38) and discharge fender assembly A (29) respectively. The two ends of connecting rod B (35) are hinged to eccentric plate B (40) and discharge fender assembly B (30) respectively.

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