Active peptide remover for improper makeup on surfaces of stone cultural relics, method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses an active peptide remover for improper makeup on the surface of a stone cultural relic, a method and application, and relates to the technical field of stone cultural relic protection. The active peptide remover comprises 1-3% of a mixture of silk fibroin peptide and whey protein peptide, 0.1-1% of an auxiliary component and the balance of deionized water, wherein the weight ratio of the silk fibroin peptide to the whey protein peptide is 1: 1; the active peptide remover comprises an auxiliary component and a stabilizer, the auxiliary component is a stabilizer and / or a pH regulator, the stabilizer is one or more of xanthan gum, carrageenan, bentonite and kaolin, the pH regulator is citric acid or sodium hydroxide, and the pH value of the active peptide remover is 6.5-7.5. According to the active peptide remover, the stone cultural relics can be prevented from being damaged by high temperature of steam and a sand blasting medium; and the binding force of makeup color and stone can be destroyed, and the pressure, temperature and time required during steam cleaning and sand blasting removal can be reduced.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the applicant's earlier application, which has the application number CN202511740797.3 and is entitled "Active peptide remover, method and application for removing undue makeup on the surface of stone cultural relics". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of stone cultural relic protection technology, and in particular to an active peptide remover, method and application for removing inappropriate decorations on the surface of stone cultural relics. Background Technology

[0003] Stone artifacts (such as grottoes, cliff carvings, stone statues, and steles) are important carriers of human history and culture. However, during long-term protection and restoration, some stone artifacts have been improperly decorated due to human intervention (such as the application of paint and synthetic resin pigments in modern times for "beautification" or "protection"), resulting in "inappropriate embellishments" that are inconsistent with the authenticity of the artifacts. These inappropriate embellishments not only cover up the original texture and color of the artifacts but also clog the pores of the stone, hinder the exchange of moisture between the rock and the environment, and accelerate the weathering of the stone (such as salt precipitation and freeze-thaw damage). Some chemical substances in the embellishments (such as resins and heavy metal pigments) can also react with the components of the stone, causing the stone to crumble and discolor, seriously threatening the safety of the artifacts.

[0004] Currently, the main techniques for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics include mechanical, chemical, and physical methods, but all of them have obvious limitations.

[0005] Mechanical methods, such as manual polishing and ultrasonic vibration cleaning, rely on physical external force to remove the paint. However, manual polishing is extremely inefficient and can easily cause scratches on the stone surface and loss of carving details. Although ultrasonic vibration can reduce direct friction, high-frequency vibration may cause micro-cracks inside the stone, making it particularly unsuitable for loose sandstone or thin-layer carved artifacts. It also has limited effectiveness in removing tightly adhered resin paint layers.

[0006] Chemical method: Organic solvents (such as acetone, ethyl acetate) or acidic cleaning agents are used to dissolve the cosmetics. Traditional organic solvents have poor biodegradability and are easy to remain in the pores of the stone, which will corrode the stone in the long term; acidic cleaning agents (such as oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid) can remove mineral pigments, but they will dissolve the calcium carbonate in the stone, causing the surface to become brittle and alkaline, which does not comply with the principle of "minimal intervention" in cultural relic protection.

[0007] Steam cleaning method: High-temperature steam softens the cosmetics and removes debris, but steam cleaning alone has limitations: if the temperature is too low (<50℃), the softening effect is poor, and if the temperature is too high (>80℃), it will cause the stone to expand and contract with temperature changes, especially for stone with cracks, which can easily cause new cracks; and steam is difficult to completely remove tightly adhered thick cosmetics (>100μm), requiring repeated operation, which increases the risk of damage to cultural relics.

[0008] Sandblasting cleaning: such as the nutshell medium sandblasting method disclosed in Chinese patent CN120461340A, although it is gentler than corundum, sandblasting without pretreatment requires high pressure (>0.5MPa) to remove stubborn paint, and may still scratch the stone surface or damage the original oxide film; moreover, single sandblasting is not precise enough to control thin paint (<50μm), and it is easy to over-remove and expose the stone.

[0009] In summary, existing technologies cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of "non-destructiveness," "environmental friendliness," and "high efficiency" in removing improper decorations from stone cultural relics. Therefore, developing a new removal method that can combine the advantages of multiple technologies and avoid the shortcomings of a single technology has become an urgent need in the field of stone cultural relic conservation. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention discloses an active peptide remover, method, and application for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone cultural relics, in order to solve the technical problem that the removal methods in related technologies are difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of "non-destructive", "environmentally friendly", and "high-efficiency" for removing inappropriate makeup from stone cultural relics.

[0011] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention discloses an active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone artifacts.

[0012] This invention relates to an active peptide remover for improper makeup removal on the surface of stone artifacts, comprising the following components by weight percentage: 0.5-5% surface active peptides, 0.1-1% auxiliary components, and the balance being deionized water; wherein the surface active peptides are one or more selected from soybean peptides, deep-sea fish skin peptides, sea cucumber peptides, wheat peptides, corn peptides, silk fibroin peptides, and whey protein peptides; the auxiliary components are stabilizers and / or pH adjusters, wherein the stabilizers are one or more selected from xanthan gum, carrageenan, bentonite, and kaolin, and the pH adjusters are citric acid or sodium hydroxide, and the pH value of the active peptide remover is 6.5-7.5.

[0013] According to one optional embodiment, the surface active peptide is 1-3%, and the surface active peptide is a mixture of soybean peptide and deep-sea fish skin peptide, with a weight ratio of soybean peptide to deep-sea fish skin peptide of 1:1-2:1; or, the surface active peptide is 1-3%, and the surface active peptide is a mixture of silk fibroin peptide and whey protein peptide, with a weight ratio of silk fibroin peptide to whey protein peptide of 1:1; or, the surface active peptide is 2-4%, and the surface active peptide is sea cucumber peptide.

[0014] According to an optional embodiment, the auxiliary component is 0.3-0.5%, and the auxiliary component is xanthan gum; or, the auxiliary component is a mixture of xanthan gum and citric acid, wherein the weight percentage of xanthan gum is 0.4-0.6% and the weight percentage of citric acid is 0.03-0.08%; or, the auxiliary component is a mixture of kaolin and citric acid, wherein the weight percentage of kaolin is 0.4-0.6% and the weight percentage of citric acid is 0.03-0.08%.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention discloses a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone artifacts.

[0016] The present invention relates to a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics, comprising the following steps: Step 100, Pre-treatment: Use a soft brush to remove the floating dust from the surface of the stone artifact, and then wipe the surface of the stone artifact with a lint-free cloth soaked in deionized water to remove water-soluble dirt and expose the complete and unsuitable makeup layer. Step 200, Surface active peptide treatment: Apply the active peptide remover for improper makeup on the surface of stone cultural relics as described in any of the technical solutions of this invention to the surface of the improper makeup layer by spraying or brushing to form an active peptide layer. Cover the active peptide layer with plastic wrap and let it stand. Step 300, Steam cleaning: Steam cleaning is performed on the cosmetic surface after the treatment in step 200; Step 400, Sandblasting removal: The residual makeup after step 300 is sandblasted to remove the remaining unsuitable makeup; Step 500, Post-treatment: Rinse the stone surface treated in step 400 with deionized water to remove residual peptide agents, paint debris and sandblasting media particles. Wipe the surface moisture with a lint-free cloth and allow it to air dry before applying a protective treatment to the stone artifact surface.

[0017] According to an optional embodiment, in step 200, the thickness of the active peptide layer formed after applying the active peptide remover is 0.3-1 mm; and / or, in step 200, when the makeup thickness is <50 μm, it is left to stand for 15-20 min; when the makeup thickness is 50-100 μm, it is left to stand for 20-40 min; when the makeup thickness is >100 μm, it is left to stand for 40-60 min.

[0018] According to an optional implementation, in step 300, the steam temperature is controlled to be 50-80℃ and the steam pressure to be 0.1-0.3MPa; and / or, the steam velocity at the nozzle outlet is 5-15m / s; and / or, the vertical distance between the nozzle and the surface to be painted is 10-30cm; and / or, the nozzle is moved at a constant speed of 10-20cm / s in a direction parallel to the stone surface; and / or, the cleaning time is 1-5min.

[0019] According to one optional implementation, for stone artifacts with a porosity >15%, the steam temperature is 65-80℃ and the steam pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa; for stone artifacts with a porosity of 5-15%, the steam temperature is 60-75℃ and the steam pressure is 0.15-0.25MPa; and for stone artifacts with a porosity <5%, the steam temperature is 50-65℃ and the steam pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa.

[0020] According to an optional implementation, in step 400, the sandblasting medium is nutshell sand or quartz sand with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm; and / or, the sandblasting pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa; and / or, the vertical distance between the sandblasting head and the surface of the stone artifact is 20-50 cm; and / or, the nozzle scanning speed is 50-200 mm / s; and / or, the spot overlap rate is 50-70%; and / or, the coverage width of a single sandblasting path is 5-10 cm.

[0021] According to an optional implementation, in step 400, when the thickness of the residual makeup is ≤50μm, a sandblasting medium with a particle size of 0.1-0.3mm is selected; when the thickness of the residual makeup is >50μm, a sandblasting medium with a particle size of 0.2-0.3mm is selected; and / or, in step 400, when the surface roughness of the stone artifact is <10μm, the sandblasting pressure is 0.2-0.25MPa and the scanning speed is 150-200mm / s; when 10μm ≤ surface roughness of the stone artifact is ≤30μm, the sandblasting pressure is 0.25-0.35MPa and the scanning speed is 80-150mm / s; when the surface roughness of the stone artifact is >30μm, the sandblasting pressure is 0.35-0.4MPa and the scanning speed is 50-80mm / s.

[0022] A third aspect of the invention provides an application of a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone artifacts.

[0023] The application of the method for removing inappropriate paint from the surface of stone cultural relics according to any one of the technical solutions of the present invention, wherein the removal method is applicable to removing one or more of epoxy resin paint, alkyd resin paint, polyurethane paint and acrylic paint from the surface of stone cultural relics; wherein the stone material of the stone cultural relics is one or more of sandstone, limestone, marble, granite and basalt, and the surface of the stone cultural relics has carved textures, inscriptions or thin oxide film.

[0024] The technical solution adopted in this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: Firstly, the present invention provides an active peptide remover for improper decoration on the surface of stone artifacts. When used, it is applied to the surface of the improper decoration layer to form an active peptide layer. During subsequent steam cleaning and sandblasting removal, the active peptide layer acts as a protective film, preventing damage to the stone artifact from the high temperature of steam and the sandblasting medium. Furthermore, applying the active peptide remover to the surface of the improper decoration layer allows the peptide molecules to penetrate to the interface between the decoration and the stone, disrupting the bonding force between the decoration and the stone. This helps reduce the pressure, temperature, and time required for subsequent steam cleaning and sandblasting removal, and further reduces damage to the stone artifact.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention provides an active peptide remover for improper makeup on the surface of stone cultural relics. The surface active peptide is one or more of soybean peptide, deep-sea fish skin peptide, sea cucumber peptide, wheat peptide, corn peptide, silk fibroin peptide, and whey protein peptide. The selected surface active peptide is biodegradable, with a biodegradation rate of ≥90% in 30 days. It is non-toxic, leaves no residue, does not corrode stone cultural relics, and avoids the harm to the environment and operators caused by traditional organic solvents.

[0026] Thirdly, the present invention provides a method for removing inappropriate paint from the surface of stone cultural relics. First, an active peptide remover is applied to the surface of the inappropriate paint layer. Then, steam is used to clean the inappropriate paint layer. Finally, sandblasting is used to remove the residual paint. This "active peptide-steam-sandblasting" technology for removing inappropriate paint from stone cultural relics, with the active peptide remover as the core and combining steam softening with low-pressure sandblasting, can improve the removal efficiency of inappropriate paint by more than 90%. For a 100μm thick paint film, the processing time is short. It is applicable to paint of different thicknesses (>100μm) and (<50μm), without requiring multiple process adjustments. The active peptide remover, steam, and sandblasting medium used are all environmentally friendly materials that can naturally degrade after disposal, resulting in no solid waste pollution.

[0027] It is evident that the active peptide remover and method of the present invention for removing inappropriate decorations on the surface of stone cultural relics can achieve "non-destructive", "environmentally friendly" and "efficient" removal of inappropriate decorations on the surface of stone cultural relics. It solves the technical problem that the removal methods in related technologies are difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of "non-destructive", "environmentally friendly" and "efficient" removal of inappropriate decorations on stone cultural relics.

[0028] Fourthly, the method for removing undue decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics has a wide range of applications. Specifically, this method can be used to remove various undue decorations such as epoxy resin paint, alkyd paint, and mineral pigments; it is applicable to various types of stone such as sandstone, limestone, and marble; by adjusting parameters (such as steam temperature, steam pressure, sandblasting pressure, etc.), it can be adapted to stones with different porosities and hardness; the method for removing undue decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics is portable and easy to operate, and is suitable for outdoor grottoes, open-air stone carvings, and other scenarios, eliminating the need for frequent transfer of cultural relics and reducing the risk of damage during handling. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] The following detailed description of the active peptide remover, method, and application for removing inappropriate makeup on the surface of stone cultural relics provided in this application is illustrated through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0031] This embodiment describes an active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone artifacts, comprising the following components by weight percentage: 0.5-5% surface active peptides, 0.1-1% auxiliary ingredients, and the balance being deionized water. For example, the surface active peptides are one or more selected from soybean peptides, deep-sea fish skin peptides, sea cucumber peptides, wheat peptides, corn peptides, silk fibroin peptides, and whey protein peptides. For example, the auxiliary ingredients are stabilizers and / or pH adjusters. For instance, the stabilizer is one or more selected from xanthan gum, carrageenan, bentonite, and kaolin, and the pH adjuster is citric acid or sodium hydroxide, and the pH value of the active peptide remover is 6.5-7.5.

[0032] The pH value of the active peptide remover in this embodiment is 6.5-7.5. On the one hand, this avoids chemical corrosion of stone artifacts (especially carbonate rocks) by the active peptide remover. On the other hand, the neutral environment is conducive to maintaining the chemical structure stability and biological activity of the active peptide remover itself, thus ensuring its cleaning efficiency.

[0033] This embodiment describes an active peptide remover for improper makeup on the surface of stone artifacts. The surface active peptides are one or more of the following: soybean peptides, deep-sea fish skin peptides, sea cucumber peptides, wheat peptides, corn peptides, silk fibroin peptides, and whey protein peptides. The selected surface active peptides are biodegradable, with a biodegradation rate of ≥90% in 30 days. They are non-toxic, leave no residue, do not corrode stone artifacts, and avoid the environmental and operator hazards associated with traditional organic solvents.

[0034] In some embodiments, the surface active peptide is 1-3%, and the surface active peptide is a mixture of soybean peptide and deep-sea fish skin peptide, with a weight ratio of soybean peptide to deep-sea fish skin peptide of 1:1-2:1. For example, the weight of soybean peptide is 1% and the weight of deep-sea fish skin peptide is 1%; or the weight of soybean peptide is 2% and the weight of deep-sea fish skin peptide is 1%; or the weight of soybean peptide is 0.5% and the weight of deep-sea fish skin peptide is 0.5%. In this embodiment, the compound combination of surface active peptides has a small molecular weight, allowing it to quickly penetrate into the interior of the cosmetic (penetration speed increased by 40% compared to a single peptide). The deep-sea fish skin peptide contains a proline structure, which can form a more stable hydrogen bond protective film with the hydroxyl groups on the stone surface. The synergy of the two can significantly reduce the bonding force between the cosmetic and the stone interface.

[0035] Not limited to this, the surface active peptides can also be 1-3%. The surface active peptides are a mixture of silk fibroin peptides and whey protein peptides, and the weight ratio of silk fibroin peptides to whey protein peptides is 1:1.

[0036] Not limited to this, the surface active peptides can also be 2-4%. The surface active peptides are sea cucumber peptides.

[0037] In some embodiments, the auxiliary component is 0.3-0.5%, and the auxiliary component is xanthan gum. Xanthan gum can keep the viscosity of the active peptide remover stable at 600-800 mPa·s, without dripping after application, and the viscosity change rate is small under different temperature conditions, making it suitable for different outdoor temperature scenarios. It has a better effect in delaying solvent evaporation and can extend the penetration time of peptide molecules to 60 minutes.

[0038] Not limited to this, the auxiliary ingredients may also be a mixture of xanthan gum and citric acid. The weight percentage of xanthan gum is 0.4-0.6%, and the weight percentage of citric acid is 0.03-0.08%.

[0039] Not limited to this, the auxiliary ingredient may also be a mixture of kaolin and citric acid. For example, the weight percentage of kaolin is 0.4-0.6%, and the weight percentage of citric acid is 0.03-0.08%. Citric acid is used as the pH adjuster to avoid excessive local pH changes in the active peptide remover.

[0040] As can be seen, the weights of the above components are calculated based on the total weight of the active peptide remover.

[0041] The following provides a method for preparing an active peptide remover.

[0042] This embodiment describes a method for preparing an active peptide remover for improper makeup on the surface of stone artifacts, comprising the following steps: Raw material pretreatment: Surface active peptides are filtered through an 80-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles. Stabilizers (such as xanthan gum and carrageenan) are pre-dissolved in deionized water at 60℃ for 10 minutes to prepare a 5% stock solution; when bentonite and kaolin are used as stabilizers, no special treatment is required. Deionized water is filtered through a 0.22μm microporous membrane to remove coarse particulate impurities. The treated raw materials are then set aside for later use.

[0043] Preparation of main solvent: Add deionized water to a temperature-controlled 316L stainless steel reactor, turn on the stirrer (300~500 r / min), control the temperature at 25-30℃, slowly add the pretreated surface active peptide (feeding rate 1g / min), stir for 12-15min until completely dissolved, and the solution is transparent.

[0044] Preferably, during the preparation of the main solvent, the stirring speed is controlled at 300 r / min and the temperature is controlled at 28℃. Under these conditions, the dissolution efficiency of the surface active peptides is the highest, and there is no aggregation (particle size < 1 μm). Compared with 20℃ or 35℃, the dissolution time is shortened by 20-30%.

[0045] Stabilizer addition: Slowly add xanthan gum mother liquor to the above solution at a rate of 5 mL / min, increase the stirring speed to 450-500 r / min, stir for 20-25 min, and the solution viscosity is 600-800 mPa·s.

[0046] pH adjustment and purification: Adjust the pH to 6.8-7.2 dropwise with 10% citric acid solution, stirring for 5 minutes after each drop to ensure pH uniformity; filter the solution through a 100-mesh nylon filter cloth and let it stand for 10-15 minutes to allow the bubbles to escape naturally, thus obtaining an active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup on the surface of stone cultural relics.

[0047] Preferably, during pH adjustment and purification, the standing time is 12 minutes, which allows air bubbles with a diameter >1mm to escape completely, preventing voids from forming during application and ensuring that the peptide formulation evenly covers the makeup surface. Specifically, the coverage uniformity is >95%.

[0048] This embodiment describes a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone artifacts, including pretreatment, surface active peptide treatment, steam cleaning, sandblasting removal, and post-treatment. Each step is described in detail below.

[0049] Step 100: Pre-treatment. Use a soft brush to remove surface dust from the stone artifact, then wipe the surface with a lint-free cloth soaked in deionized water to remove water-soluble dirt and expose the intact and untreated paint layer.

[0050] For example, wipe ≤ 3 times. For cracked areas, use a 0.5mm needle syringe to draw deionized water and slowly rinse, then immediately dry with a lint-free cloth.

[0051] Step 200: Surface active peptide treatment. Apply the active peptide remover for improper makeup on the surface of stone artifacts using any of the technical solutions in this embodiment by spraying or brushing to form an active peptide layer. Cover the active peptide layer with plastic wrap and allow it to stand.

[0052] For example, an active peptide remover is sprayed onto the surface of the unsuitable cosmetic layer using an air spray gun. The nozzle diameter is 1 mm, and the pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa. After spraying the active peptide remover, the resulting active peptide layer is 0.3-1 mm thick. Allowing it to stand for 15-60 minutes allows the peptide molecules to penetrate the interface between the cosmetic and the stone, disrupting their adhesion. For example, covering the active peptide layer with polyethylene plastic wrap can prevent solvent evaporation.

[0053] For example, the settling time is determined based on the thickness of the imperfect coating layer. When the coating thickness is <50μm, settling time is 15-20 minutes. When the coating thickness is 50-100μm, settling time is 20-40 minutes. When the coating thickness is >100μm, settling time is 40-60 minutes. This allows the peptide molecules to fully penetrate to the interface between the coating and the stone, thereby improving the cleaning effect. The imperfect coating thickness is measured using an ultrasonic thickness gauge (accuracy ±1μm) at at least three different points, and the average value is taken.

[0054] Step 300: Steam cleaning. The cosmetic surface treated in step 200 is steam cleaned.

[0055] For example, a portable steam generator (power 2-3kW, weight ≤5kg) is used to steam clean the undesirable decoration surface after step 200. The steam generator is equipped with an adjustable temperature and pressure control system, controlling the steam temperature to 50-80℃, the steam pressure to 0.1-0.3MPa, the steam velocity at the nozzle outlet to 5-15m / s, and the vertical distance between the nozzle and the decoration surface to 10-30cm. The nozzle is moved at a uniform speed of 10-20cm / s in a direction parallel to the stone surface, and the cleaning time is 1-5 minutes, which can remove 70-90% of the undesirable decoration.

[0056] For example, the steam temperature and steam pressure are determined based on the porosity of the stone. For stone artifacts with a porosity >15% (such as sandstone), the steam temperature is 65-80℃ and the steam pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa. For stone artifacts with a porosity of 5-15% (such as limestone), the steam temperature is 60-75℃ and the steam pressure is 0.15-0.25MPa. For stone artifacts with a porosity <5% (such as marble), the steam temperature is 50-65℃ and the steam pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa.

[0057] For high-porosity stone, dirt easily adheres to the pores. For this type of stone, controlling the steam temperature to 65-80℃ and the steam pressure to 0.2-0.3MPa is beneficial for softening the dirt deep within the pores through a strong thermal effect, while simultaneously using stronger kinetic energy to flush the dirt out of the complex pores. For low-porosity stone, dirt mostly adheres to the surface. For this type of stone, excessively high temperatures and pressures may damage the stone substrate; therefore, only moderate thermal effects and kinetic energy are needed to disrupt the interfacial bonding.

[0058] Step 400: Sandblasting removal. The residual makeup after step 300 is sandblasted to remove any remaining unsuitable makeup.

[0059] For example, a pressure-type sandblasting machine is used to sandblast the residual decoration after step 300. The sandblasting machine includes a sand hopper, an air compressor, and an adjustable speed nozzle assembly. The sandblasting medium is nutshell sand or quartz sand with a particle size of 0.1-0.5mm. The sandblasting pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.4MPa, the vertical distance between the sandblasting head and the stone surface is 20-50cm, the nozzle scanning speed is 50-200mm / s, the spot overlap rate is 50-70%, and the coverage width of a single sandblasting path is 5-10cm, which can remove 10-30% of the residual undesirable decoration.

[0060] For example, the particle size of the blasting medium is determined based on the thickness of the residual undesirable paint. For instance, when the thickness of the residual paint is ≤50μm, a blasting medium with a particle size of 0.1-0.3mm is selected; when the thickness of the residual paint is >50μm, a blasting medium with a particle size of 0.2-0.3mm is selected. Larger particle sizes in the blasting medium result in greater mass and kinetic energy, leading to a greater impact force on the undesirable paint and a deeper grinding depth. In this embodiment, the particle size of the blasting medium is determined based on the thickness of the residual undesirable paint, which ensures effective removal of the paint while avoiding damage to the stone substrate.

[0061] Furthermore, the type of blasting medium can be determined based on the hardness of the residual impurities. For example, when the Shore hardness of the residual impurities is ≤65D, nutshell sand is selected; when the Shore hardness of the residual impurities is >65D, quartz sand is selected. Quartz sand needs to be calcined at 1000℃ for 1 hour to remove impurities. Nutshell sand can be walnut shell sand, peanut shell sand, coconut shell sand, etc. Nutshell sand needs to be dried at 105℃ for 2 hours, with a moisture content of <5%. Walnut shell sand has a Mohs hardness of 3-4, which is close to the hardness of the stone, thus avoiding scratches; calcined quartz sand has a low impurity content, reducing contamination to the stone surface. In this embodiment, the type of blasting medium is determined based on the hardness of the residual impurities, which ensures the removal effect of the impurities while avoiding damage to the stone substrate.

[0062] For example, the sandblasting pressure and scanning speed are determined based on the surface roughness of the stone artifact. When the surface roughness of the stone artifact is <10μm, the sandblasting pressure is 0.2-0.25MPa and the scanning speed is 150-200mm / s. When the surface roughness of the stone artifact is 10μm ≤ 30μm, the sandblasting pressure is 0.25-0.35MPa and the scanning speed is 80-150mm / s. When the surface roughness of the stone artifact is >30μm, the sandblasting pressure is 0.35-0.4MPa and the scanning speed is 50-80mm / s.

[0063] This embodiment describes a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone artifacts. Through the aforementioned steps of surface active peptide treatment and steam cleaning, the pressure of sandblasting can be reduced, thus avoiding mechanical damage to the surface of the stone artifacts.

[0064] Step 500: Post-treatment. Rinse the stone surface treated in step 400 with deionized water to remove residual peptide agents, paint debris, and sandblasting media particles. Wipe off surface moisture with a lint-free cloth and allow to air dry before applying a protective treatment to the stone artifact surface.

[0065] For example, rinse the stone surface treated in step 400 with deionized water using a low-pressure spray method for 1-3 minutes to remove residual peptide preparations, paint debris, and sandblasting media particles. Then, blot the surface moisture with a lint-free cloth and allow it to air dry naturally in a well-ventilated environment at room temperature and a relative humidity of 40-60% for 24-48 hours. After drying, selectively apply a 1-3% concentration of silane-based stone protectant (such as γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) with a thickness ≤0.1mm, and allow it to cure for 24 hours. The protectant will form a protective film after curing. After curing, the water contact angle can be increased from 30° to over 90°, improving the weathering resistance of stone artifacts by more than 50%.

[0066] For example, drying time is adjusted based on the porosity of the stone. Sandstone is dried for 48 hours, limestone for 36 hours, and marble for 24 hours, ensuring that the moisture content of the stone is reduced to <2% to avoid residual moisture causing salting out.

[0067] This embodiment describes a method for removing inappropriate paint from the surface of stone artifacts. First, an active peptide remover is applied to the surface of the inappropriate paint layer. Then, steam is used to clean the layer. Finally, sandblasting is used to remove any remaining paint. This "active peptide-steam-sandblasting" technology, using the active peptide remover as the core and combining steam softening with low-pressure sandblasting, can improve the removal efficiency of inappropriate paint by over 90%. For paint films up to 100μm thick, the processing time is short. It is suitable for paint of varying thicknesses (>100μm) and (<50μm), without requiring multiple process adjustments. The active peptide remover, steam, and sandblasting medium used are all environmentally friendly materials that can naturally degrade after disposal, resulting in no solid waste pollution.

[0068] Any one of the technical solutions in this embodiment is used for the application of a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics. This method is applicable to removing one or more of epoxy resin paint, alkyd resin paint, polyurethane paint and acrylic paint from the surface of stone cultural relics. The stone material of the stone cultural relics is one or more of sandstone, limestone, marble, granite and basalt, and the surface of the stone cultural relics has carved textures, inscriptions or thin oxide films.

[0069] This embodiment describes a method for removing undue decorations from the surface of stone artifacts. It has a wide range of applications, specifically for removing various undue decorations such as epoxy resin paint, alkyd paint, and mineral pigments. It is suitable for various types of stone, including sandstone, limestone, and marble. By adjusting parameters (such as steam temperature, steam pressure, and sandblasting pressure), it can be adapted to stones with different porosities and hardness. This method for removing undue decorations from the surface of stone artifacts is portable, easy to operate, and suitable for outdoor grottoes, open-air stone carvings, and other similar settings. It eliminates the need for frequent relocation of artifacts, reducing the risk of damage during handling.

[0070] The following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific examples.

[0071] All raw materials used in the embodiments were commercially available conventional products. For example, soybean peptides were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a purity of ≥95%; xanthan gum was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., and was food grade; all testing equipment used were industry-standard equipment. For example, the surface roughness meter was a Tokyo Seimitsu Surfcom 1500SD, and the colorimeter was a Konica Minolta CM-2600d.

[0072] Example 1 This embodiment addresses the removal of inappropriate decorations from the surface of sandstone artifacts.

[0073] 1. Background of the artifact: Sandstone artifact with a porosity of 18% and a surface roughness of Ra=22μm. The surface is coated with an 80μm thick epoxy resin paint (Shore hardness 70D), which is an embellishment added due to improper restoration in modern times.

[0074] 2. The active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone cultural relics in this embodiment is formulated as follows: by weight percentage, soybean peptide 2%, deep-sea fish skin peptide 1%, xanthan gum 0.3%, citric acid 0.05%, deionized water 96.65%, pH=7.0.

[0075] 3. The preparation method of the active peptide remover for improper makeup removal on the surface of stone cultural relics in this embodiment includes the following steps: Raw material pretreatment: Soybean peptides and deep-sea fish skin peptides were filtered through an 80-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles; 0.3g of xanthan gum was pre-dissolved in deionized water at 60℃ for 10 minutes to prepare a 5% stock solution; the deionized water was filtered through a 0.22μm microporous membrane to remove coarse particulate impurities. The treated raw materials were then set aside for later use.

[0076] Preparation of main solvent: Add 96.65g of deionized water to a temperature-controlled 316L stainless steel reactor, turn on the stirrer (300r / min), control the temperature at 28℃, slowly add 2g of soybean peptide and 1g of deep-sea fish skin peptide, stir for 12min until completely dissolved, and the solution is transparent.

[0077] Stabilizer addition: Add xanthan gum to the above solution in three portions, increasing the stirring speed to 500 r / min, stirring for 10 min after each addition, until the solution is homogeneous.

[0078] pH adjustment and purification: Adjust the pH of the above solution to 7.0 with 0.05g citric acid and stir for 5 minutes. Filter the solution through a 100-mesh nylon filter cloth and let it stand for 12 minutes to allow the bubbles to escape naturally until the bubbles with a diameter >1mm completely disappear. This yields an active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone artifacts.

[0079] 4. This embodiment describes a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone artifacts, comprising the following steps: Step 100: Pretreatment. Use a soft brush to sweep away the floating dust along the sandstone texture, and then wipe the sandstone surface with a lint-free cloth soaked in deionized water to remove water-soluble dirt; rinse the cracks with deionized water using a 0.5mm needle syringe, and immediately dry with a lint-free cloth after rinsing.

[0080] Step 200: Surface active peptide treatment. Apply the active peptide remover prepared using the above formula to the surface of the improperly decorated sandstone layer by spraying (1mm nozzle diameter, 0.1MPa pressure) to form an active peptide layer. Cover the active peptide layer with plastic wrap and let it stand for 30 minutes. During the standing period, add activated carbon remover once to prevent drying.

[0081] Step 300: Steam Cleaning. A portable steam generator is used to steam clean the surface of the applied coating after step 200. The steam generator parameters are set to 70℃, steam pressure of 0.25MPa, nozzle outlet steam velocity of 10m / s, and the vertical distance between the nozzle and the surface of the applied coating is 20cm. The nozzle is moved at a uniform speed of 15cm / s parallel to the sandstone surface, and the cleaning time is 3 minutes. After steam cleaning, approximately 85% (thickness) of the undesirable coating can be removed.

[0082] Step 400: Sandblasting Removal. A pressure-type sandblasting machine is used to sandblast the residual decoration after step 300 to remove it. The sandblasting medium is 0.3mm walnut shell abrasive. The sandblasting pressure is controlled at 0.3MPa, the vertical distance between the sandblasting head and the stone surface is 30cm, the nozzle scanning speed is 100mm / s, the spot overlap rate is 60%, the single sandblasting path coverage width is 7cm, and the cleaning time is 2 minutes. After sandblasting removal, the residual decoration is removed.

[0083] Step 500: Post-treatment. Spray the sandstone surface treated in step 400 with deionized water at a pressure of 0.08 MPa, with the outlet 30 cm from the sandstone surface, for 2 minutes. After spraying, blot dry with a lint-free cloth and allow to dry at 25°C and 50% humidity for 36 hours. In this embodiment, no protective agent was applied to the cleaned sandstone surface.

[0084] 5. Removal effect test.

[0085] (1) Paint removal rate: The ratio of the area of ​​paint removed to the area of ​​paint before removal. In this embodiment, the paint removal rate is 99.5%.

[0086] (2) Damage detection: The surface roughness of the sandstone after cleaning was tested. In this embodiment, the surface roughness of the sandstone after cleaning was Ra=19.9μm, which was basically the same as before cleaning; no new cracks were observed under a microscope.

[0087] (3) Environmental friendliness: Residual active peptide remover was detected using fluorescence derivatization-microscopic imaging. Specifically, after cleaning using the above method, the surface was allowed to air dry for 36 hours. A fluorescent dye (such as fluorescent amine or o-phthalaldehyde OPA) was used to specifically react with the primary amino group (-NH2) at the end of the peptide chain, generating a product with strong fluorescence. The average fluorescence intensity of the entire surface was calculated using image analysis software (ImageJ). By establishing a standard curve (by adding a known concentration of active peptide solution to a clean sandstone surface and performing the same treatment), the fluorescence intensity could be converted into residual amount (μg / cm³). 2 The residual amount of surfactant peptide remover on sandstone is <0.1 μg / cm³. 2 This can be ignored.

[0088] (4) Degradation rate test: The degradation of the formulation in this embodiment was measured within 30 days according to OECD 301B standard. The degradation rate of the active peptide remover in this embodiment was 92.3%.

[0089] (5) Color difference: Based on GB / T 11186.3-1989, the color difference between the stone surface after cleaning and the original rock was tested. Using a colorimeter, the ΔE before and after cleaning in this embodiment was 1.6, which means that the color after cleaning is basically the same as the color of the original rock, which meets the requirements of cultural relic protection standard ΔE≤2.0.

[0090] Example 2 This embodiment addresses the removal of inappropriate decorations from the surface of sandstone artifacts.

[0091] 1. Background of the artifact: Sandstone artifact with a porosity of 18% and a surface roughness of Ra=22μm. It is covered with 120μm thick alkyd resin paint (Shore hardness 65D), which is an embellishment added due to improper restoration in modern times.

[0092] 2. The active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup on the surface of stone cultural relics in this embodiment is formulated as follows: by weight percentage, silk fibroin peptide 1.5%, whey protein peptide 1.5%, xanthan gum 0.5%, citric acid 0.03%, deionized water 96.47%, pH=7.2; 3. The preparation method of the active peptide remover for improper makeup removal on the surface of stone cultural relics in this embodiment includes the following steps: Raw material pretreatment: Silk fibroin peptides and whey protein peptides were filtered through an 80-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles; 0.5g xanthan gum was pre-dissolved in deionized water at 60℃ for 10min to prepare a 5% stock solution; the deionized water was filtered through a 0.22μm microporous membrane to remove coarse particulate impurities. The treated raw materials were then set aside for later use.

[0093] Preparation of main solvent: Add 96.47g of deionized water to a 316L stainless steel reactor with temperature control, start stirring (400r / min), control the temperature at 28℃, slowly add 1.5g of silk fibroin peptide and 1.5g of whey protein peptide, stir for 15min until completely dissolved, and the solution is transparent.

[0094] Stabilizer addition: Add 0.5g xanthan gum to the above solution, increase the stirring speed to 500r / min, and stir for 25min until the solution is evenly dispersed.

[0095] pH adjustment and purification: Adjust the pH of the above solution to 7.2 with 0.03g citric acid and stir for 5 minutes. Filter the solution through a 100-mesh nylon filter cloth and let it stand for 12 minutes to allow the bubbles to escape naturally until the bubbles with a diameter >1mm completely disappear. This yields an active peptide remover for removing undesirable decorations from the surface of stone artifacts.

[0096] 4. This embodiment describes a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone artifacts, comprising the following steps: Step 100: Pretreatment. Use a soft brush to sweep away the floating dust along the sandstone texture, and then wipe the sandstone surface with a lint-free cloth soaked in deionized water to remove water-soluble dirt; rinse the cracks with deionized water using a 0.5mm needle syringe, and immediately dry with a lint-free cloth after rinsing.

[0097] Step 200: Surface active peptide treatment. Apply the active peptide remover prepared using the above formula to the surface of the sandstone with an improper makeup layer by brushing (using a wool brush) to a thickness of 0.8 mm, forming an active peptide layer. Cover the active peptide layer with plastic wrap and let it stand for 45 minutes. During the standing period, add activated charcoal remover once to prevent drying.

[0098] Step 300: Steam Cleaning. A portable steam generator is used to steam clean the surface of the applied coating after step 200. The steam generator parameters are set to 65℃, steam pressure of 0.2MPa, nozzle outlet steam velocity of 10m / s, and the vertical distance between the nozzle and the surface of the applied coating is 25cm. The nozzle is moved at a uniform speed of 12cm / s parallel to the sandstone surface, and the cleaning time is 4 minutes. After steam cleaning, approximately 80% (thickness) of the undesirable coating can be removed.

[0099] Step 400: Sandblasting Removal. A pressure-type sandblasting machine is used to sandblast the residual decoration after step 300 to remove it. The sandblasting medium is 0.3mm peanut shell sand. The sandblasting pressure is controlled at 0.35MPa, the vertical distance between the sandblasting head and the stone surface is 40cm, the nozzle scanning speed is 80mm / s, the spot overlap rate is 70%, the single sandblasting path coverage width is 7cm, and the cleaning time is 3 minutes. After sandblasting removal, the residual decoration is removed.

[0100] Step 500: Post-treatment. Spray the sandstone surface treated in Step 400 with deionized water at a pressure of 0.08 MPa, with the outlet 30 cm away from the sandstone surface, for 1.5 minutes. After spraying, blot dry with a lint-free cloth and dry at 22°C and 45% humidity for 48 hours. Apply a 2% silane protective agent (γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) to the sandstone surface and cure for 24 hours to form a protective layer.

[0101] 5. Removal effect test.

[0102] (1) Paint removal rate: The paint removal rate in this embodiment is 99.2%, and the residual paint layer is <1μm, which is invisible to the naked eye.

[0103] (2) Damage detection: The surface roughness of the sandstone after cleaning in this embodiment is Ra=20.1μm, which is basically the same as before cleaning; no new cracks were observed under microscopic observation.

[0104] (3) Environmental friendliness: The residual active peptide remover was detected using fluorescence derivatization-microscopic imaging. The residual amount of active peptide remover on sandstone surface was 0.13 μg / cm³. 2 It can be ignored.

[0105] (4) Degradation rate test: The degradation of the formulation in this example was measured within 30 days according to OECD 301B standard. The degradation rate of the formulation in this example was 94.1%.

[0106] (5) Color difference: Based on GB / T 11186.3-1989, the color difference between the stone surface after cleaning and the original rock was tested. Using a colorimeter, the ΔE before and after cleaning in this embodiment was 1.2, that is, the color after cleaning is basically the same as the color of the original rock, which meets the requirements of cultural relic protection standard ΔE≤2.0.

[0107] Example 3 This embodiment addresses the removal of inappropriate decorations from the surface of marble artifacts.

[0108] 1. Background of the artifact: Marble artifact with a porosity of 3% and a surface roughness of Ra=8μm. The surface is coated with a 100μm thick epoxy resin paint (Shore hardness 73D), which is an embellishment added due to improper restoration in modern times.

[0109] 2. The active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone cultural relics in this embodiment is formulated as follows: by weight percentage, sea cucumber peptide 3%, xanthan gum 0.4%, citric acid 0.04%, deionized water 96.56%, pH=6.8.

[0110] 3. The preparation method of the active peptide remover for improper makeup removal on the surface of stone cultural relics in this embodiment includes the following steps: Raw material pretreatment: Sea cucumber peptides were filtered through an 80-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles; 0.4g xanthan gum was pre-dissolved in deionized water at 60℃ for 10 minutes to prepare a 5% stock solution; the deionized water was filtered through a 0.22μm microporous membrane to remove coarse particulate impurities. The treated raw materials were then set aside for later use.

[0111] Preparation of main solvent: Add 96.56g of deionized water to a temperature-controlled 316L stainless steel reactor, turn on the stirrer (500r / min), control the temperature at 28℃, slowly add 3g of sea cucumber peptide, stir for 10min until completely dissolved, and the solution is transparent.

[0112] Stabilizer addition: Add 0.4g xanthan gum to the above solution, increase the stirring speed to 500r / min, stir for 30min until the solution is homogeneous.

[0113] pH adjustment and purification: Adjust the pH of the above solution to 6.8 with 0.04g citric acid and stir for 5 minutes. Filter the solution through a 100-mesh nylon filter cloth and let it stand for 12 minutes to allow the bubbles to escape naturally until the bubbles with a diameter >1mm completely disappear. This yields an active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone artifacts.

[0114] 4. This embodiment describes a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone artifacts, comprising the following steps: Step 100: Pretreatment. Use a soft brush to sweep away the floating dust along the marble texture, and then wipe the surface of the marble with a lint-free cloth soaked in deionized water to remove water-soluble dirt; rinse the cracks with deionized water using a 0.5mm needle syringe, and immediately dry with a lint-free cloth after rinsing.

[0115] Step 200: Surface active peptide treatment. Apply the active peptide remover prepared using the above formula to the surface of the unsuitable decorative layer of the marble by spraying (1mm nozzle diameter, 0.1MPa pressure) to form an active peptide layer. Cover the active peptide layer with plastic wrap and let it stand for 20 minutes. During the standing period, add activated carbon remover once to prevent drying.

[0116] Step 300: Steam Cleaning. A portable steam generator is used to steam clean the surface of the decorative coating after step 200. The steam generator parameters are set to 55℃, steam pressure of 0.15MPa, nozzle outlet steam velocity of 10m / s, and the vertical distance between the nozzle and the decorative coating surface is 15cm. The nozzle is moved at a uniform speed of 18cm / s parallel to the marble surface for 2 minutes. After steam cleaning, approximately 90% (thickness) of the undesirable coating can be removed.

[0117] Step 400: Sandblasting Removal. A pressure-type sandblasting machine is used to sandblast the residual decoration after step 300 to remove it. The sandblasting medium is 0.1mm diameter quartz sand (calcined at 1000℃). The sandblasting pressure is controlled at 0.2MPa, the vertical distance between the sandblasting head and the stone surface is 25cm, the nozzle scanning speed is 150mm / s, the spot overlap rate is 50%, the single sandblasting path coverage width is 10cm, and the cleaning time is 1 minute. After sandblasting removal, the residual decoration is removed.

[0118] Step 500: Post-treatment. Spray the marble surface treated in step 400 with deionized water at a pressure of 0.08 MPa, with the outlet 30 cm from the marble surface, for 2 minutes. After spraying, blot dry with a lint-free cloth and allow to dry for 24 hours at 20°C and 55% humidity. In this embodiment, no protective agent was applied to the cleaned marble surface.

[0119] 5. Removal effect test.

[0120] (1) Paint removal rate: The ratio of the area of ​​paint removed to the area of ​​paint before removal. In this embodiment, the paint removal rate was 99.8%.

[0121] (2) Damage detection: The surface roughness of the marble after cleaning was tested. In this embodiment, the surface roughness of the marble after cleaning was Ra=8μm, which was basically the same as before cleaning; no new cracks were observed under a microscope.

[0122] (3) Environmental friendliness: The residual active peptide remover was detected using fluorescence derivatization-microscopic imaging. The residual amount of active peptide remover on the marble surface was 0.04 μg / cm³. 2 This can be ignored.

[0123] (4) Degradation rate test: The degradation of the formulation in this example was measured within 30 days according to OECD 301B standard. The degradation rate of the formulation in this example was 92.6%.

[0124] (5) Color difference: Based on GB / T 11186.3-1989, the color difference between the stone surface after cleaning and the original rock was tested. Using a colorimeter, the ΔE before and after cleaning in this embodiment was 1.6, which means that the color after cleaning is basically the same as the color of the original rock, which meets the requirements of cultural relic protection standard ΔE≤2.0.

[0125] Example 4 This embodiment addresses the removal of inappropriate decorations from the surface of limestone artifacts.

[0126] 1. Background of the artifact: Limestone artifact with a porosity of 8% and a surface roughness of Ra=12μm. The surface is coated with a 70μm thick layer of alkyd resin paint (Shore hardness 62D), which is an embellishment added due to improper restoration in modern times.

[0127] The limestone is of medium density with a few tiny cracks (0.05-0.1mm wide) on its surface. The alkyd resin paint has turned yellow in some areas due to long-term exposure, but it is tightly bonded to the stone. Traditional chemical cleaning can easily cause the stone to become brittle and alkali-free.

[0128] 2. The active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone cultural relics in this embodiment is formulated as follows: by weight percentage, soybean peptide 1.5%, deep-sea fish skin peptide 1.5%, xanthan gum 0.3%, citric acid 0.05%, deionized water 96.65%, pH=6.9.

[0129] 3. The preparation method of the active peptide remover for improper makeup removal on the surface of stone cultural relics in this embodiment includes the following steps: Raw material pretreatment: Soybean peptides and deep-sea fish skin peptides were filtered through an 80-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles; 0.3g of xanthan gum was pre-dissolved in deionized water at 60℃ for 10 minutes to prepare a 5% stock solution; the deionized water was filtered through a 0.22μm microporous membrane to remove coarse particulate impurities. The treated raw materials were then set aside for later use.

[0130] Preparation of main solvent: Add 96.65g of deionized water to a 316L stainless steel reactor with temperature control, start stirring (500r / min), control the temperature at 28℃, slowly add 1.5g of soybean peptide and 1.5g of deep-sea fish skin peptide, stir for 10min until completely dissolved, and the solution is transparent.

[0131] Stabilizer addition: Add 0.3g xanthan gum to the above solution in three portions, increase the stirring speed to 500r / min, stir for 25min, and use a rotational viscometer to check the viscosity until it stabilizes at 700mPa・s (in the drop test, the diffusion diameter is ≤9mm when dropped from a height of 5mm).

[0132] pH adjustment and purification: Adjust the pH of the above solution to 6.9 with 0.05g citric acid and stir for 5 minutes. Filter the solution through a 100-mesh nylon filter cloth and let it stand for 12 minutes to allow the bubbles to escape naturally until the bubbles with a diameter >1mm completely disappear. This yields an active peptide remover for removing undesirable decorations from the surface of stone artifacts.

[0133] 4. This embodiment describes a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone artifacts, comprising the following steps: Step 100: Pretreatment. Use a soft brush to sweep away the floating dust along the limestone texture, and then wipe the limestone surface with a lint-free cloth soaked in deionized water to remove water-soluble dirt; rinse the cracks with deionized water using a 0.5mm needle syringe, and immediately dry with a lint-free cloth after rinsing.

[0134] Step 200: Surface active peptide treatment. Apply the active peptide remover prepared using the above formula to the surface of the improperly decorated limestone layer by spraying (1mm nozzle diameter, 0.1MPa pressure) to form an active peptide layer. Cover the active peptide layer with plastic wrap and let it stand for 20 minutes. During the standing period, add activated carbon remover once to prevent drying.

[0135] Step 300: Steam Cleaning. A portable steam generator is used to steam clean the surface of the applied coating after step 200. The steam generator parameters are set to 65℃, steam pressure of 0.2MPa, nozzle outlet steam velocity of 10m / s, and the vertical distance between the nozzle and the surface of the applied coating is 15cm. The nozzle is moved at a uniform speed of 15cm / s parallel to the limestone surface for 2 minutes. After steam cleaning, approximately 88% (thickness) of the undesirable coating can be removed.

[0136] Step 400: Sandblasting Removal. A pressure-type sandblasting machine is used to sandblast the residual decoration after step 300 to remove it. The sandblasting medium is 0.2mm walnut shell abrasive. The sandblasting pressure is controlled at 0.25MPa, the vertical distance between the sandblasting head and the stone surface is 25cm, the nozzle scanning speed is 120mm / s, the spot overlap rate is 60%, the single sandblasting path coverage width is 10cm, and the cleaning time is 1 minute. After sandblasting removal, the residual decoration is removed.

[0137] Step 500: Post-treatment. Spray the limestone surface treated in step 400 with deionized water at a pressure of 0.08 MPa, with the outlet 30 cm from the limestone surface, for 2 minutes. After spraying, blot dry with a lint-free cloth and allow to dry for 24 hours at 20°C and 55% humidity. In this embodiment, no protective agent was applied to the cleaned limestone surface.

[0138] 5. Removal effect test.

[0139] (1) Paint removal rate: The ratio of the area of ​​paint removed to the area of ​​paint before removal. In this embodiment, the paint removal rate is 99.2%.

[0140] (2) Damage detection: The surface roughness of the limestone was tested after cleaning. In this embodiment, the surface roughness of the limestone after cleaning was Ra=11μm, which was basically the same as before cleaning; no new cracks were observed under a microscope.

[0141] (3) Environmental friendliness: The residual active peptide remover was detected using fluorescence derivatization-microscopic imaging. The residual amount of active peptide remover on the limestone surface was 0.06 μg / cm³. 2 It can be ignored.

[0142] (4) Degradation rate test: The degradation of the formulation in this example was measured within 30 days according to OECD 301B standard. The degradation rate of the formulation in this example was 92.7%.

[0143] (5) Color difference: Based on GB / T 11186.3-1989, the color difference between the stone surface after cleaning and the original rock was tested. Using a colorimeter, the ΔE before and after cleaning in this embodiment was 1.4, which means that the color after cleaning is basically the same as the color of the original rock, which meets the requirements of ΔE≤2.0 for cultural relic protection standards.

[0144] Example 5 This embodiment addresses the removal of inappropriate decorations from the surface of sandstone artifacts.

[0145] 1. Background of the artifact: Sandstone artifact with a porosity of 16% and a surface roughness of Ra=25μm. The surface is coated with an 80μm thick layer of acrylic paint (Shore hardness 58D), which is an embellishment added due to improper restoration in modern times.

[0146] The sandstone has a loose texture and many open pores (5-10μm in diameter) on its surface. The acrylic paint has penetrated into some of the pores. Traditional sandblasting can easily cause pore blockage, and chemical cleaning alone can easily cause the stone to crumble.

[0147] 2. The active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone cultural relics in this embodiment is formulated as follows: by weight percentage, silk fibroin peptide 2%, whey protein peptide 1%, xanthan gum 0.5%, citric acid 0.03%, deionized water 96.47%, pH=6.8.

[0148] 3. The preparation method of the active peptide remover for improper makeup removal on the surface of stone cultural relics in this embodiment includes the following steps: Raw material pretreatment: Silk fibroin peptides and whey protein peptides were filtered through an 80-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles; 0.5g xanthan gum was pre-dissolved in deionized water at 60℃ for 10min to prepare a 5% stock solution; the deionized water was filtered through a 0.22μm microporous membrane to remove coarse particulate impurities. The treated raw materials were then set aside for later use.

[0149] Preparation of main solvent: Add 96.47g of deionized water to a 316L stainless steel reactor with temperature control, start stirring (350r / min), control the temperature at 26℃, slowly add 2g of silk fibroin peptide and 1g of whey protein peptide, stir for 15min until completely dissolved, the solution is transparent and light yellow.

[0150] Stabilizer addition: Add 0.5g xanthan gum to the above solution in two portions, with an 8min interval between each addition. Increase the stirring speed to 450r / min and stir for 30min until the solution is homogeneous and the viscosity is stable at 750mPa·s.

[0151] pH adjustment and purification: Adjust the pH of the above solution to 6.8 with 0.03g citric acid and stir for 5 minutes. Filter the solution through a 100-mesh nylon filter cloth and let it stand for 12 minutes to allow the bubbles to escape naturally until the bubbles with a diameter >1mm completely disappear. This yields an active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone artifacts.

[0152] 4. This embodiment describes a method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone artifacts, comprising the following steps: Step 100: Pretreatment. Use a soft brush to sweep away the floating dust along the sandstone texture, and then wipe the sandstone surface with a lint-free cloth soaked in deionized water to remove water-soluble dirt; rinse the cracks with deionized water using a 0.5mm needle syringe, and immediately dry with a lint-free cloth after rinsing.

[0153] Step 200: Surface active peptide treatment. The active peptide remover prepared using the above formula is applied to the surface of the improperly decorated sandstone layer by spraying (1mm nozzle diameter, 0.1MPa pressure) to form an active peptide layer. The active peptide layer is then covered with plastic wrap and left to stand for 20 minutes.

[0154] Step 300: Steam Cleaning. A portable steam generator is used to steam clean the surface of the applied coating after step 200. The steam generator parameters are set to 72℃, steam pressure 0.25MPa, nozzle outlet steam velocity 10m / s, and the vertical distance between the nozzle and the surface is 18cm. The nozzle is moved at a uniform speed of 12cm / s parallel to the sandstone surface for 2 minutes. After steam cleaning, approximately 85% (thickness) of the undesirable coating can be removed.

[0155] Step 400: Sandblasting Removal. A pressure-type sandblasting machine is used to sandblast the residual decoration after step 300 to remove it. The sandblasting medium is 0.15mm coconut shell sand. The sandblasting pressure is controlled at 0.3MPa, the vertical distance between the sandblasting head and the stone surface is 20cm, the nozzle scanning speed is 80mm / s, the spot overlap rate is 60%, the single sandblasting path coverage width is 10cm, and the cleaning time is 1 minute. After sandblasting removal, the residual decoration is removed.

[0156] Step 500: Post-treatment. Spray the sandstone surface treated in step 400 with deionized water at a pressure of 0.08 MPa, with the outlet 30 cm from the sandstone surface, for 2 minutes. After spraying, blot dry with a lint-free cloth and allow to dry at 20°C and 55% humidity for 48 hours. In this embodiment, no protective agent was applied to the cleaned sandstone surface.

[0157] 5. Removal effect test.

[0158] (1) Paint removal rate: The ratio of the area of ​​paint removed to the area of ​​paint before removal. In this embodiment, the paint removal rate was 99.3%.

[0159] (2) Damage detection: The surface roughness of the limestone was tested after cleaning. In this embodiment, the surface roughness of the limestone after cleaning was Ra=24.4μm, which was basically the same as before cleaning; no new cracks were observed under a microscope.

[0160] (3) Environmental friendliness: The residual active peptide remover was detected using fluorescence derivatization-microscopic imaging. The residual amount of active peptide remover on the limestone surface was 0.09 μg / cm³. 2 This can be ignored.

[0161] (4) Degradation rate test: The degradation of the formulation in this example was measured within 30 days according to OECD 301B standard. The degradation rate of the formulation in this example was 92.2%.

[0162] (5) Color difference: Based on GB / T 11186.3-1989, the color difference between the surface of the stone after cleaning and the original rock was tested. Using a colorimeter, the difference in color difference between the stone surface after cleaning and the original rock was 1.6 in this embodiment, which means that the color after cleaning is basically the same as the original rock color, which meets the requirements of ΔE≤2.0 for cultural relic protection standards.

[0163] It is evident that the active peptide remover and removal method used in this application for removing inappropriate decorations on the surface of stone cultural relics have a 30-day degradation rate of >90% and no chemical residue; a paint removal rate of >99%; a color difference ΔE <2 on the stone surface before and after cleaning; a change rate of surface roughness of the stone after cleaning of ≤10%; and no damage to the stone surface, which meets the requirements of cultural relic protection standards.

[0164] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active peptide remover for removing inappropriate makeup from the surface of stone artifacts, characterized in that, It includes the following components by weight percentage: 1-3% mixture of silk fibroin peptides and whey protein peptides, 0.1-1% auxiliary ingredients, and the balance being deionized water; The weight ratio of silk fibroin peptide to whey protein peptide is 1:1; the auxiliary components are stabilizers and / or pH adjusters, wherein the stabilizers are one or more of xanthan gum, carrageenan, bentonite, and kaolin, the pH adjusters are citric acid or sodium hydroxide, and the pH value of the active peptide remover is 6.5-7.

5.

2. The active peptide remover for improper makeup removal on the surface of stone cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary component is 0.3-0.5%, and the auxiliary component is xanthan gum; Alternatively, the auxiliary component is a mixture of xanthan gum and citric acid, wherein the weight percentage of xanthan gum is 0.4-0.6% and the weight percentage of citric acid is 0.03-0.08%. Alternatively, the auxiliary component is a mixture of kaolin and citric acid, wherein the weight percentage of kaolin is 0.4-0.6% and the weight percentage of citric acid is 0.03-0.08%.

3. The active peptide remover for improper makeup removal on the surface of stone cultural relics according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It comprises the following components by weight percentage: 1.5% silk fibroin peptide, 1.5% whey protein peptide, 0.5% xanthan gum, 0.03% citric acid, and 96.47% deionized water, and the active peptide remover has a pH of 7.

2.

4. A method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 100, Pre-treatment: Use a soft brush to remove the floating dust from the surface of the stone artifact, and then wipe the surface of the stone artifact with a lint-free cloth soaked in deionized water to remove water-soluble dirt and expose the complete and unsuitable makeup layer. Step 200, Surface active peptide treatment: Apply the active peptide remover for improper makeup on the surface of stone cultural relics as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 to the surface of the improper makeup layer by spraying or brushing to form an active peptide layer. Cover the active peptide layer with plastic wrap and let it stand. Step 300, Steam cleaning: Steam cleaning is performed on the cosmetic surface after the treatment in step 200; Step 400, Sandblasting removal: The residual makeup after step 300 is sandblasted to remove the remaining unsuitable makeup; Step 500, Post-treatment: Rinse the stone surface treated in step 400 with deionized water to remove residual peptide agents, paint debris and sandblasting media particles. Wipe the surface moisture with a lint-free cloth and allow it to air dry before applying a protective treatment to the stone artifact surface.

5. The method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 200, the thickness of the active peptide layer formed after applying the active peptide remover is 0.3-1 mm; And / or, in step 200, when the makeup thickness is <50μm, let it stand for 15-20 minutes; when the makeup thickness is 50-100μm, let it stand for 20-40 minutes; when the makeup thickness is >100μm, let it stand for 40-60 minutes.

6. The method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 300, the steam temperature is controlled at 50-80℃ and the steam pressure is controlled at 0.1-0.3MPa; And / or, the steam velocity at the nozzle outlet is 5-15 m / s; And / or, the vertical distance between the nozzle and the makeup surface is 10-30cm; And / or, move the nozzle at a constant speed of 10-20 cm / s along a direction parallel to the stone surface; And / or, the cleaning time is 1-5 minutes.

7. The method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics according to claim 6, characterized in that, For stone artifacts with a porosity >15%, the steam temperature is 65-80℃ and the steam pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa; for stone artifacts with a porosity of 5-15%, the steam temperature is 60-75℃ and the steam pressure is 0.15-0.25MPa; for stone artifacts with a porosity <5%, the steam temperature is 50-65℃ and the steam pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa.

8. The method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 400, the sandblasting medium is nutshell sand or quartz sand with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm; And / or, the sandblasting pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa; And / or, the vertical distance between the sandblasting head and the surface of the stone artifact is 20-50cm; And / or, the nozzle scanning speed is 50-200 mm / s; And / or, the spot overlap rate is 50-70%; And / or, the width of a single sandblasting path is 5-10cm.

9. The method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 400, when the thickness of the residual makeup is ≤50μm, a sandblasting medium with a particle size of 0.1-0.3mm is selected; when the thickness of the residual makeup is >50μm, a sandblasting medium with a particle size of 0.2-0.3mm is selected. And / or, in step 400, when the surface roughness of the stone artifact is <10μm, the sandblasting pressure is 0.2-0.25MPa and the scanning speed is 150-200mm / s; when 10μm ≤ surface roughness of the stone artifact ≤30μm, the sandblasting pressure is 0.25-0.35MPa and the scanning speed is 80-150mm / s; when the surface roughness of the stone artifact is >30μm, the sandblasting pressure is 0.35-0.4MPa and the scanning speed is 50-80mm / s.

10. The application of the method for removing inappropriate decorations from the surface of stone cultural relics according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that, The removal method is applicable to removing one or more of epoxy resin paint, alkyd resin paint, polyurethane paint and acrylic paint from the surface of stone cultural relics; the stone material of the stone cultural relics is one or more of sandstone, limestone, marble, granite and basalt, and the surface of the stone cultural relics has carved textures, inscriptions or thin oxide film.