Composite conditioner for acid soil treatment and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a composite conditioner for acid soil remediation and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural environment and soil remediation. The composite conditioner comprises a first component, a second component and a third component which are independently packaged, wherein the modified straw biochar in the first component is used as a'microcarrier 'and a'buffer', calcium magnesium ore powder containing high-activity calcium magnesium oxide is loaded, slow release of alkaline substances is achieved, local over-alkalinity and hardening risks are avoided, and the porosity and the fertilizer retention capacity are improved; the second component is compounded with high-molecular polymer hydrolytic polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid according to a specific proportion, and the synergistic chelation capacity to aluminum and manganese ions and the dispersion capacity to soil particles are obviously superior to those of any single component and other proportion combinations; the third component selects an acid-resistant compound strain and is supplemented with amino acid to serve as a nutrient substance for rapid proliferation of the acid-resistant compound strain, so that high survival rate, colonization success rate and functional expression efficiency of the exogenous flora in an acidic stress are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural environment and soil remediation technology, and particularly relates to a compound conditioner for the treatment of acidic soil and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Soil acidification is a serious land degradation problem. Acidic soils can cause the activation and poisoning of metal ions such as aluminum and manganese, damage soil aggregate structure, lead to the leaching of basic ions such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and inhibit the activity of soil microorganisms, ultimately resulting in reduced crop yield and decreased quality.

[0003] Currently, single-measure improvements are generally used, such as applying lime, organic fertilizer, functional microbial agents, passivating agents, or structural modifiers. However, single-measure improvements often only address the symptoms and not the root cause, making it difficult to achieve lasting improvement of acidic soils and prone to rebound. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite conditioner for the treatment of acidic soil and its application, which can achieve long-term improvement of acidic soil and effectively prevent compaction and pH rebound during the improvement process.

[0005] This invention provides a compound conditioner for acidic soil remediation, comprising the following individually packaged components in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of a first component, 5-8 parts of a second component, and 3-5 parts of a third component; the first component comprises the following components by weight percentage: 48%-52% modified straw biochar, 38%-42% calcium magnesium ore powder, 7%-9% mineral-derived potassium humate, and 1%-2% anionic polyacrylamide; the second component comprises the following components: hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid; the mass ratio of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid is (1.5-2.5):1:1; the third component comprises the following components: acid-resistant compound microbial agent and amino acids; the mass ratio of the acid-resistant compound microbial agent and amino acid powder is (2-4):1; the acid-resistant compound microbial agent includes the following microorganism: Trichoderma echinosporum (… Trichoderma asperellum ), gelatinous spore-forming bacteria ( Paenibacillus mucilaginosus ) and Bacillus curvatureis ( Bacillus flexus The total effective viable count of the acid-resistant compound microbial agent is ≥1 billion CFU / g.

[0006] Preferably, the modified straw biochar includes CO2-modified straw biochar.

[0007] Preferably, the raw materials used to prepare the calcium magnesium ore powder include high-grade dolomite or limestone.

[0008] Preferably, the first component is a granule; the particle size of the first component is 2~5mm; the organic matter content of the first component is ≥40%; the humic acid content of the first component is ≥5%; the total content of CaO and MgO in the first component is ≥15%; the pH value of the first component is 9~10; and the moisture content of the first component is ≤5%.

[0009] Preferably, the second component is a water-soluble powder.

[0010] The present invention also provides the application of the compound conditioner described above in at least one of the following: 1) improving acidic soil; 2) increasing crop yield; 3) improving crop quality.

[0011] Preferably, the acidic soil includes one or more of red soil, yellow soil, and lateritic red soil.

[0012] Preferably, the pH of the acidic soil is <5.5.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for applying the compound conditioner described above, comprising the following steps: 7 to 10 days before sowing or transplanting, the first component is applied as a base fertilizer to the soil surface, followed by rotary tillage or mulching and irrigation; after sowing, during transplanting, or during the crop growth period, the second component is applied with water around the crop roots; 3 to 7 days after the application of the second component, the third component is applied with water around the crop roots.

[0014] Preferably, the application rate of the first component is 80-150 kg / mu; the application rate of the second component is 5-8 kg / mu; and the application rate of the third component is 3-5 kg / mu.

[0015] This invention provides a compound conditioner for acidic soil remediation, comprising the following individually packaged components in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of a first component, 5-8 parts of a second component, and 3-5 parts of a third component; the first component comprises the following components by weight percentage: 48%-52% modified straw biochar, 38%-42% calcium magnesium ore powder, 7%-9% mineral-derived potassium humate, and 1%-2% anionic polyacrylamide; the second component comprises the following components: hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid; the mass ratio of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid is (1.5-2.5):1:1; the third component comprises the following components: acid-resistant compound microbial agent and amino acids; the mass ratio of the acid-resistant compound microbial agent and amino acid powder is (2-4):1; the acid-resistant compound microbial agent includes the following microorganism: Trichoderma echinosporum (… Trichoderma asperellum ), gelatinous spore-forming bacteria ( Paenibacillus mucilaginosus ) and Bacillus curvatureis ( Bacillus flexusThe total effective viable count of the acid-resistant composite microbial agent is ≥1 billion CFU / g. In the first component of the composite conditioner of this invention, modified straw biochar acts as a "microcarrier" and "buffer," loading calcium magnesium ore powder containing highly active calcium magnesium oxides, achieving the slow release of alkaline substances, avoiding the risk of localized excessive alkalinity and compaction, while significantly improving porosity and fertilizer retention capacity. The second component of the composite conditioner of this invention is formulated with hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA), polyaspartic acid (PASP), and polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) in a specific ratio, whose synergistic chelation ability for aluminum and manganese ions and its dispersion ability for soil particles are significantly superior to any single component or other ratio combinations. The third component of the composite conditioner of this invention uses acid-resistant composite strains supplemented with amino acids as nutrients for the rapid proliferation of acid-resistant composite strains, ensuring high survival rate, colonization success rate, and functional expression efficiency of exogenous bacterial communities in acidic stress environments. In summary, the compound microbial agent of this invention innovatively creates a multi-dimensional synergistic treatment mechanism for acidic soils. The first component provides fast-acting alkalinity and long-lasting calcium and magnesium nutrients for rapid chemical neutralization of acidity; the second component immediately chelates Al upon initial application. 3+ Mn 2+ The first component contains toxic ions that protect crop roots and microorganisms while dispersing soil particles, enabling immediate chemical passivation and physical dispersion in acidic soils. The third component rapidly colonizes the microenvironment created by the first component, stabilizing the microecology and preventing pH rebound through metabolic acid production, potassium and phosphorus release, and hormone generation. This facilitates long-term biological regulation and ecological reconstruction, achieving fundamental improvement. The first, second, and third components of this compound conditioner work synergistically, achieving a three-in-one sequential action mode, with effects far superior to any single component or combination of two. Furthermore, controlled experiments and data comparisons demonstrate that the synergistic effect of this compound microbial agent is far more than a simple additive effect, providing convincing evidence of its inventiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of modified straw biochar powder. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of calcium magnesium ore powder. Figure 3 Flowchart for the preparation of anionic polyacrylamide; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the preparation process of potassium humate from mineral sources. Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the preparation process for Agent A granules; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the preparation process for agent B. Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the preparation process for agent C. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention provides a compound conditioner for acidic soil remediation, comprising the following individually packaged components in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of a first component, 5-8 parts of a second component, and 3-5 parts of a third component; the first component comprises the following components by weight percentage: 48%-52% modified straw biochar, 38%-42% calcium magnesium ore powder, 7%-9% mineral-derived potassium humate, and 1%-2% anionic polyacrylamide; the second component comprises the following components: hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid; the mass ratio of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid is (1.5-2.5):1:1; the third component comprises the following components: acid-resistant compound microbial agent and amino acids; the mass ratio of the acid-resistant compound microbial agent and amino acid powder is (2-4):1; the acid-resistant compound microbial agent includes the following microorganism: Trichoderma echinosporum (… Trichoderma asperellum ), gelatinous spore-forming bacteria ( Paenibacillus mucilaginosus ) and Bacillus curvatureis ( Bacillus flexus The total effective viable count of the acid-resistant compound microbial agent is ≥1 billion CFU / g.

[0019] In one embodiment, the compound conditioner consists of individually packaged first, second, and third components. In another embodiment, the mass ratio of the first, second, and third components is 90:6:4 or 90:2:2.

[0020] In one implementation method, the first component comprises the following components by weight percentage: 48%–52% modified straw biochar, 38%–42% calcium magnesium ore powder, 7%–9% mineral-derived potassium humate, and 1%–2% anionic polyacrylamide. Furthermore, users can fine-tune the ratio of calcium magnesium ore powder to modified straw biochar, as well as the overall application rate, within the above-mentioned component ratio range of the first component based on soil testing reports, achieving precise soil improvement tailored to each location, thus ensuring broad applicability.

[0021] In one embodiment, by weight percentage, the first component comprises 48%~52% modified straw biochar, further comprising 50% modified straw biochar; the modified straw biochar includes CO2 modified straw biochar; the modified straw biochar has a fineness of 80~120 mesh, further comprising 100 mesh; the modified biochar has a large specific surface area, is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups, can loosen soil, and has strong chemical adsorption properties, showing significant improvement effect on acidic soils. In another embodiment, the preparation method of the modified straw biochar includes the following steps: pyrolyzing straw at a low-temperature environment of 5%~20% oxygen limitation at 450~550°C; after the pyrolysis is completed, introducing CO2 into the pyrolysis reaction vessel at 300~400°C for surface activation modification; pulverizing the surface-activated modified material, sieving, and collecting the undersized fine powder to obtain modified straw biochar. In one embodiment, the straw includes at least one of rice straw, wheat straw, and corn straw; the pulverization includes Raymond milling; the sieving uses a sieve with an aperture of 80-120 mesh, further 100 mesh; the CO2 flow rate is 0.5-1.5 L / min, and the CO2 introduction duration is 30-60 min. In traditional methods, biochar prepared by completely burning straw loses functional groups and specific surface area, resulting in very low value; biochar prepared by biological fermentation has a long fermentation time, uneven quality, and no commercial value. However, in this invention, after pyrolysis and CO2 modification, the specific surface area of ​​the straw biochar increases from the original 250-300 m² / g. 2 / g increased to 380~450 m 2 / g, the surface carboxyl content increased from 0.7~0.9 mmol / g to 1.3~1.5 mmol / g.

[0022] In one embodiment, by weight percentage, the first component comprises 38%~42% calcium magnesium ore powder, further comprising 40% calcium magnesium ore powder; the fineness of the calcium magnesium ore powder is 100~200 mesh, further comprising 150 mesh; the calcium magnesium ore powder has high calcium and magnesium content, high alkalinity, and can quickly neutralize acidic soil, significantly improving soil chemical and biological properties, and the raw materials are abundant and low in cost. In another embodiment, the raw materials for preparing the calcium magnesium ore powder include high-grade dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) or limestone (CaCO3), which are abundant, have high calcium and magnesium content, stable effects, are easy to mine, and are inexpensive. As one embodiment, the method for preparing the calcium magnesium ore powder includes the following steps: crushing high-grade dolomite or limestone, followed by calcination and ultrafine grinding, sieving, and collecting the undersize components to obtain calcium magnesium ore powder; the calcination temperature is 900~1100°C; the calcination time is 1~2 hours; the ultrafine grinding equipment includes a ball mill; and the sieve used for sieving has an aperture of 100~200 mesh.

[0023] In one embodiment, by weight percentage, the first component comprises 7%~9% mineral-derived potassium fulvate, and further comprises 8%~8.5% mineral-derived potassium fulvate; the mineral-derived potassium fulvate is processed from lignite or weathered coal, rich in highly active functional groups, has good stability, can quickly neutralize acidic soil, reduce aluminum and manganese hazards, and significantly improve soil physical structure, chemical fertility, and biological activity. In another embodiment, the preparation method of the mineral-derived potassium fulvate includes the following steps: pulverizing lignite or weathered coal to obtain coal powder; mixing the coal powder with an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, reacting to obtain a reaction product; separating the solid and liquid components of the reaction product, collecting the liquid component to obtain a clear original solution; slowly adding an inorganic acid to the clear original solution to adjust the pH value to 2~3, collecting the liquid component to obtain a purified fulvate solution; adding potassium hydroxide to the fulvate solution to adjust the pH value to neutral or weakly alkaline, reacting to obtain a reaction product containing mineral-derived potassium fulvate. In one embodiment, the pulverization includes multi-stage pulverization, further comprising sequentially using a jaw crusher and a ball mill for multi-stage pulverization; the particle size of the coal powder is 20-100 mesh (0.2-0.8 mm); the solid-liquid ratio of the coal powder to the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1:(6-10); the mass concentration of potassium hydroxide in the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 15%-25%; the reaction temperature is 60-90℃; the reaction time is 1-2 hours; the reaction is accompanied by stirring; insoluble coal slag and impurities are removed through solid-liquid separation; the... The organic acid includes sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid; after adjusting the pH of the solution to 2-3, centrifugation or filtration is performed, and the supernatant or filtrate is collected to collect the liquid components; the purified fulvic acid solution contains high-purity fulvic acid; adjusting the pH to neutral or weakly alkaline further involves adjusting the pH to 7-8, where fulvic acid reacts with potassium ions to generate stable potassium fulvicate; after obtaining the reaction product containing potassium fulvicate, the present invention further includes sequential concentration and drying to obtain mineral-derived potassium fulvicate powder; the equipment used for concentration includes a triple-effect evaporator; the drying includes spray drying.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first component, by weight percentage, comprises 1%~2% anionic polyacrylamide (APAM), further comprising 1.5% anionic polyacrylamide; the fineness of the anionic polyacrylamide is 80~120 mesh; the molecular weight of the anionic polyacrylamide is ≥15 million; the anionic polyacrylamide can promote the aggregation of acidic soil particles, forming a stable aggregate structure, increasing soil porosity, improving physical structure, retaining fertilizer and water, improving fertilizer utilization, and improving the microbial ecological environment of acidic soil. In another embodiment, the anionic polyacrylamide is derived from conventional sources and further purchased from Shandong Aote Materials Co., Ltd.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, Agent A is made of the following components in weight percentage: 50% modified straw biochar, 40% calcium magnesium ore powder, 8.5% mineral-derived potassium humate and 1.5% anionic polyacrylamide.

[0026] In one embodiment, the first component is a granule, further prepared by a drum granulation method; the particle size of the first component is 2~5mm; the organic matter content of the first component is ≥40%; the humic acid content of the first component is ≥5%; the total content of CaO and MgO in the first component is ≥15%; the pH value of the first component is 9~10; and the moisture content of the first component is ≤5%.

[0027] In one embodiment, the preparation method of the first component includes the following steps: mixing modified straw biochar, calcium magnesium ore powder, potassium humate from mineral sources, and anionic polyacrylamide, and sequentially granulating, drying, cooling, and vibrating sieving to obtain the first component; the mixing is carried out in a double-spiral conical mixer; the mixing time is 20-30 minutes; the granulation is carried out in a rotary granulator, with water mist sprayed during the rolling process; the amount of water added for spraying the water mist is 12%-15% of the total material volume, further 13%; during the granulation process, the drum speed is 25-35 rpm, further 30 rpm; the drying temperature is 80-100℃; the drying is based on a material moisture content ≤5%; the cooling temperature is 50-60℃, further 55%.

[0028] In this invention, modified straw biochar serves as a "microcarrier" and "buffer," loaded with highly active calcium and magnesium oxides, enabling the slow release of alkaline substances, avoiding the risks of localized over-alkaliness and caking, while significantly improving porosity and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0029] In one embodiment, the second component comprises the following components: hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid; the mass ratio of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid is 2:1:1; the degree of polymerization of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride is DP20; the degree of polymerization of the polyaspartic acid is DP43-174; and the degree of polymerization of the polyglutamic acid is DP390-3900. The hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride improves the aggregate structure of acidic soils, reduces bulk density, can complex aluminum ions, reduce aluminum toxicity, and improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizers; the polyaspartic acid can regulate the soil chemical environment, balance soil pH, improve soil structure, and activate soil nutrients; the polyglutamic acid has significant effects in regulating soil pH, improving soil physicochemical properties, promoting soil aggregate structure, loosening soil, and retaining fertilizer and water. In this invention, the components are derived from commercially available sources. Specifically, the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride was purchased from Shandong Qifeng Chemical Co., Ltd.; the polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid were purchased from Shandong Taihe Technology Co., Ltd. or Shandong Jienuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. As one embodiment, the second component is a water-soluble powder. As one embodiment, the preparation method of the second component includes the following steps: mixing hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid to obtain the second component; the mixing is carried out in a V-type mixer; the mixing time is 30-45 min, more specifically 40 min.

[0030] In one embodiment, the third component comprises the following: an acid-resistant composite microbial agent and amino acids; the mass ratio of the acid-resistant composite microbial agent to amino acid powder is 3:1; the acid-resistant composite microbial agent consists of *Trichoderma echinosporum*, *Bacillus lentigines*, and *Bacillus curvilinearis*; the ratio of the number of strains of *Trichoderma echinosporum*, *Bacillus lentigines*, and *Bacillus curvilinearis* is 1:1:1; the preservation number of *Trichoderma echinosporum* is CGMCC 3.18524; the preservation number of *Bacillus lentigines* is CGMCC 1.232; and the preservation number of *Bacillus curvilinearis* is CGMCC 1.232. 1.10119; The total effective viable count of the acid-resistant compound microbial agent is 1.2 billion CFU / g; the *Trichoderma echinosporum* preferentially colonizes the pores of modified straw biochar, and its mycelial network provides physical channels for subsequent strains and creates a microenvironment; the *Bacillus jellyiformis* mainly plays a role in potassium solubilization and phosphorus release; the *Bacillus curvilinearis* mainly plays a role in nitrogen fixation and plant hormone production, and the three form a mutually beneficial symbiotic functional community; the amino acids are amino acid powder; the amino acids are derived from soybean meal, with a content of 2%~4%, further up to 3%; the amino acids are nutrients for the strains to colonize and proliferate when they first enter the soil. In this invention, the acid-resistant compound microbial agent is purchased from Chongqing Dazhong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. or Shandong Baiwo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the amino acids are purchased from Shandong Taihe Technology Co., Ltd. or Shandong Jienuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. As one embodiment, the third component is a powder. As one embodiment, the preparation method of the third component includes the following steps: mixing acid-resistant composite microbial agent and amino acids to obtain the third component; the mixing is carried out in a double cone mixer; the mixing temperature is <30°C, further 28°C; the mixing time is 20 min.

[0031] In this invention, the third component is an acid-resistant compound microbial agent supplemented with amino acids as nutrients for rapid proliferation, which ensures the high survival rate, colonization success rate and functional expression efficiency of the exogenous bacterial community in acidic stress.

[0032] As one implementation method, the preparation method of the compound conditioner includes the following steps: packaging the first component, the second component and the third component separately, and then packaging them together in an outer packaging unit to obtain the compound conditioner.

[0033] The present invention also provides the application of the compound conditioner described above in at least one of the following: 1) improving acidic soil; 2) increasing crop yield; 3) improving crop quality.

[0034] In one embodiment, the acidic soil includes one or more of red soil, yellow soil, and lateritic red soil.

[0035] In one embodiment, the pH of the acidic soil is <5.5.

[0036] In one implementation, the first, second, and third components of the compound conditioner are applied sequentially.

[0037] The present invention also provides a method for applying the compound conditioner described above, comprising the following steps: 7 to 10 days before sowing or transplanting, the first component is applied as a base fertilizer to the soil surface, followed by rotary tillage or mulching and irrigation; after sowing, during transplanting, or during the crop growth period, the second component is applied with water around the crop roots; 3 to 7 days after the application of the second component, the third component is applied with water around the crop roots.

[0038] In one implementation method, the application rate of the first component is 80-150 kg / mu, and more specifically 100 kg / mu; the first component is applied as a base fertilizer to the soil surface, or more specifically, it is spread on the soil surface as a base fertilizer; the depth of rotary tillage or burial is 15-20 cm to ensure that the conditioner is fully mixed with the topsoil; the amount of water irrigated after rotary tillage or burial is such that the soil moisture content reaches 60-70% of the field capacity, so that the components of the first component can better exert their effects.

[0039] In one implementation method, the application rate of the second component is 5-8 kg / mu, further 6 kg / mu; the application with water includes drip irrigation. During drip irrigation, the water volume is one-third or one-quarter more than normal water volume. The first quarter of the water volume is dripped with clean water, the middle two-quarters with the second component, and the last quarter with clean water, so that the second component can function more effectively.

[0040] In one implementation method, the application rate of the third component is 3-5 kg / mu, further 4 kg / mu; the application with irrigation water includes drip irrigation. During drip irrigation, the water volume is one-third or one-quarter more than normal water volume. During drip irrigation, the first quarter of the water volume is dripped with clean water, the middle two-quarters with the third component, and the last quarter with clean water, so that the components of the third component can function more effectively.

[0041] The composite conditioner for acidic soils of this invention is scientifically designed, synergistically functional, and has a long-lasting effect. Through the precise compatibility and sequential action of the components of the composite conditioner, it can solve the problem of acidic soil obstacles from three levels: chemical, physical, and biological. It simultaneously achieves a multi-functional synergistic conditioning system that rapidly neutralizes chemicals, passivates toxic ions, improves soil structure, and rebuilds the microecology, effectively preventing compaction and pH rebound during the improvement process.

[0042] In one implementation, the crop includes the tea plant.

[0043] To further illustrate the present invention, a composite conditioner for acidic soil remediation and its application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Experimental methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are generally performed under conventional conditions or as recommended by the manufacturer. All parts are by weight unless otherwise specified. All raw materials used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available.

[0044] In the embodiments of the present invention, the acid-resistant compound microbial agent is composed of *Trichoderma echinococcus*, *Bacillus lentigines*, and *Bacillus curvilinearis*; the ratio of the number of strains of *Trichoderma echinococcus*, *Bacillus lentigines*, and *Bacillus curvilinearis* is 1:1:1; the preservation number of *Trichoderma echinococcus* is CGMCC 3.18524; the preservation number of *Bacillus lentigines* is CGMCC 1.232; the preservation number of *Bacillus curvilinearis* is CGMCC 1.10119; the total effective viable count in the acid-resistant compound microbial agent is 1.2 billion CFU / g; the amino acid powder is purchased from Shandong Taihe Technology Co., Ltd.; the amino acid is derived from soybean meal and has a content of 2%~4%.

[0045] Example 1 1. Raw material composition 1) Component A (Agent A) consists of the following raw materials by mass percentage: 50% modified straw biochar, 40% calcium magnesium ore powder, 8.5% mineral-derived potassium humate, and 1.5% anionic polyacrylamide (APAM, molecular weight 15 million); the sources or preparation methods of each raw material are as follows: (1) Preparation method of modified straw biochar (see flowchart) Figure 1 The process involves pyrolyzing rice and wheat straw at 450–550°C for 20–30 min under 20% oxygen limitation. After pyrolysis, CO2 is introduced into the reactor at 300–400°C at a flow rate of 0.5–1.5 L / min for 60 min to activate and modify the surface of the biochar. Following this modification, the specific surface area of ​​the biochar increases from 250–300 m² / s. 2 / g increased to 380~450 m 2 / g, the surface carboxyl content increased from 0.7~0.9 mmol / g to 1.3~1.5 mmol / g. The obtained modified straw biochar was pulverized by Raymond mill, and 100-mesh fine modified straw biochar powder was obtained.

[0046] (2) Preparation method of calcium magnesium ore powder (see flowchart) Figure 2 The process involves selecting high-grade dolomite, crushing it, calcining it at 900~1100℃ for 1 hour, and then using a ball mill for ultrafine grinding to achieve a fineness of 150 mesh.

[0047] (3) Anionic polyacrylamide was purchased from Shandong Aote Materials Co., Ltd., and the preparation method (see flowchart) is as follows. Figure 3 )for: a. Material preparation Acrylamide was purified using a 50% industrial-grade AM aqueous solution, with impurities removed by activated carbon adsorption. The purified AM purity was ≥99.5%. Anionic monomer preparation: Acrylic acid (AA) was mixed with a 30% sodium hydroxide solution at a 1:1 molar ratio and neutralized at 40-50℃ for 30 minutes to generate sodium acrylate (AA-Na) solution. The pH was controlled at 7-8 for later use.

[0048] - Ingredient mixing: Add the refined AM solution and AA-Na solution (AM:AA-Na molar ratio 7:3~8:2) to the reaction vessel according to the formula, dilute with deionized water to a total monomer concentration of 20%~30%, stir evenly, and adjust the pH of the system to 7~9 with dilute sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide.

[0049] b. Polymerization reaction (controlling free radical polymerization, determining molecular weight) - Deoxygenation: High-purity nitrogen gas (purity ≥ 99.99%) is introduced into the reactor at a flow rate of 0.5~1m³. 3 / h, for 30~60 minutes, to remove dissolved oxygen from the solution (oxygen will terminate the growth of free radical chains, resulting in a decrease in molecular weight), with a residual oxygen content ≤0.1mg / L.

[0050] - Initiation of polymerization: A redox initiation system (such as ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfite) is used, with the initiator amounting to 0.05%~0.2% of the total monomer mass. First, add the reducing agent (sodium bisulfite), then add the oxidizing agent (ammonium persulfate) dropwise over a period of 10~15 minutes. Control the reaction temperature to rise from room temperature to 30~60℃ (the reaction rate doubles for every 10℃ increase in temperature, and temperature control requires the use of jacketed water).

[0051] - Gel formation: After 2-4 hours of reaction, the system gradually forms a transparent and elastic PAM gel block (the degree of polymerization reaches the design value). Stop the reaction and cool down to below 30°C.

[0052] c. Post-processing (Key: Reduce impurities and ensure product stability) - Granulation: The gel block is fed into a pelletizer and cut into small particles of 5-10mm to facilitate subsequent drying.

[0053] - Drying: Use airflow drying or drum drying, control the temperature at 80~100℃ (too high a temperature can easily lead to molecular chain degradation), and dry for 1~2 hours to reduce the moisture content of the particles from 70%~80% to ≤10%.

[0054] - Pulverization: The dried particles are pulverized by a universal pulverizer and passed through an 80-120 mesh sieve to obtain uniform APAM powder.

[0055] (4) Preparation method of potassium humate from mineral source (see flowchart) Figure 4 )for: Lignite was selected and subjected to multi-stage crushing using equipment such as a jaw crusher and ball mill to achieve a fineness of 20-100 mesh (approximately 0.2-0.8 mm). The crushed coal powder was mixed with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6 and stirred at 60-90℃ for 1 hour. The resulting mixture was then subjected to solid-liquid separation using a centrifuge to remove insoluble coal slag and impurities, yielding a clear original liquid.

[0056] Slowly add inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to the original solution to adjust the pH to 2-3. Then, by centrifugation or filtration again, the acidic supernatant containing fulvic acid can be separated from the precipitate, thus obtaining a high-purity fulvic acid solution. Add potassium hydroxide (KOH) to the purified fulvic acid solution to adjust the pH to neutral or weakly alkaline (pH 7-8), allowing the fulvic acid to react with potassium ions to form stable potassium fulvicate. This potassium fulvicate is then concentrated using equipment such as a triple-effect evaporator, and finally spray-dried in a drying tower to form a powdered product.

[0057] (5) Preparation method of the first component (see flowchart) Figure 5 )for: The four powder raw materials mentioned above are weighed according to the proportions and added to a double-helix conical mixer. After mixing for 25 minutes until homogeneous, they are fed into a rotary granulator. During the rolling process, an appropriate amount of water mist is sprayed (the amount of water added is controlled at 13% of the total material). After granulation at a drum speed of 30 rpm, the material is dried in a fluidized bed dryer at 80~100℃ until the moisture content is ≤5%. The produced granules are cooled in a fluidized bed at 55℃, sieved (taking 2~5mm particles), and packaged after cooling. The physicochemical properties of Agent A granules are: particle size 2~5mm, organic matter content ≥40%, humic acid content ≥5%, (CaO+MgO) content ≥15%, pH value 9~10, and moisture content ≤5%.

[0058] 2) The second component (Agent B) is a water-soluble powder, composed of three high molecular weight polymers—hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA), polyaspartic acid (PASP), and polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA)—in a weight ratio of 2:1:1. The preparation method of Agent B (see flowchart) Figure 6 The steps are as follows: Weigh out HPMA, PASP, and γ-PGA dry powders according to the proportions, mix them physically in a V-type mixer for 40 minutes until uniform, and then package them.

[0059] 3) The third component (Agent C) is a powder, composed of acid-resistant compound microbial agent and amino acid powder at a mass ratio of 3:1. The preparation method of Agent C (see flowchart) Figure 7 The method is as follows: Mix the acid-resistant compound microbial agent and amino acid powder in a double cone mixer at low temperature (28°C) for 20 minutes until uniform, and then package.

[0060] 2. The preparation method of the compound conditioning agent is as follows: the separately packaged agents A, B and C are mixed in a target mass ratio of 90:6:4 and packaged together in one outer packaging unit.

[0061] Example 2 1. Raw material composition 1) The first component (Agent A) consists of the following raw materials in the indicated mass percentages: 52% modified straw biochar, 38% calcium magnesium ore powder, 8% mineral-derived potassium humate, and 2% anionic polyacrylamide (APAM, molecular weight ≥ 15 million); wherein the preparation method of the modified straw biochar is the same as in Example 1. The sources or preparation methods of each raw material are as follows: (1) The preparation method of modified straw biochar is as follows: rice and wheat straw are pyrolyzed at 450~550°C for 20~25 min under a 10% oxygen-limited environment. After pyrolysis, CO2 is introduced into the reactor at 300~400°C at a flow rate of 0.5~1.5 L / min for 30 min to carry out surface activation modification. The obtained modified straw biochar is pulverized by Raymond mill and 100-mesh fine modified straw biochar powder is taken.

[0062] (2) The preparation method of calcium magnesium ore powder is as follows: select high-grade limestone, crush it, calcine it at 900~1100°C for 2 hours, and then use a ball mill to perform ultrafine grinding so that its fineness reaches 150 mesh.

[0063] (3) The source of anionic polyacrylamide is the same as in Example 1.

[0064] (4) Preparation method of mineral-derived potassium humate: Weathered coal is selected and subjected to multi-stage pulverization using equipment such as a jaw crusher and ball mill to achieve a fineness of 20-100 mesh (approximately 0.2-0.8 mm). The pulverized coal powder is mixed with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 and stirred at 60-90℃ for 2 hours. The resulting mixture is then subjected to solid-liquid separation using a centrifuge to remove insoluble coal slag and impurities, yielding a clear original liquid.

[0065] Slowly add inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to the original solution to adjust the pH to 2-3. Then, by centrifugation or filtration again, the acidic supernatant containing fulvic acid can be separated from the precipitate, thus obtaining a high-purity fulvic acid solution. Add potassium hydroxide (KOH) to the purified fulvic acid solution to adjust the pH to neutral or weakly alkaline (pH 7-8), allowing the fulvic acid to react with potassium ions to form stable potassium fulvicate. This potassium fulvicate is then concentrated using equipment such as a triple-effect evaporator, and finally spray-dried in a drying tower to form a powdered product.

[0066] (5) The preparation method of agent A is as follows: The four powder raw materials mentioned above are weighed according to the proportions and added to a double-helix conical mixer. After mixing for 30 minutes until homogeneous, they are fed into a rotary granulator. During the rolling process, an appropriate amount of water mist is sprayed (the amount of water added is controlled at 15% of the total material). After granulation at a drum speed of 25-35 rpm, the material is dried in a fluidized bed dryer at 80-100℃ until the moisture content is ≤5%. The produced granules are cooled in a fluidized bed at 50-60℃, sieved (taking 2-5mm particles), and packaged after cooling. The physicochemical properties of Agent A granules are: particle size 2-5mm, organic matter content ≥40%, humic acid content ≥5%, (CaO+MgO) content ≥15%, pH value 9-10, and moisture content ≤5%.

[0067] 2) The second component (Agent B) is a water-soluble powder, composed of three high molecular weight polymers: hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA), polyaspartic acid (PASP), and polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) in a weight ratio of 1.5:1:1. Agent B is prepared by weighing HPMA, PASP, and γ-PGA dry powders according to the specified ratio, physically mixing them in a V-type mixer for 45 minutes until homogeneous, and then dispensing.

[0068] 3) The third component (Agent C) is a powder, which is composed of acid-resistant composite microbial agent and amino acid powder in a weight ratio of 2:1. The preparation method of Agent C is the same as in Example 1.

[0069] 2. The preparation method of the compound conditioning agent is as follows: the separately packaged agents A, B and C are mixed in a target mass ratio of 85:5:3 and packaged together in one outer packaging unit.

[0070] Example 3 1. Raw material composition 1) The first component (Agent A) is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 48% modified straw biochar, 42% calcium magnesium ore powder, 9% mineral-derived potassium humate and 1% anionic polyacrylamide (APAM, molecular weight ≥15 million); wherein, the preparation method of modified straw biochar is the same as in Example 1.

[0071] The preparation methods for modified straw biochar, calcium magnesium ore powder, and mineral-derived potassium humate are the same as in Example 1. The source of anionic polyacrylamide is the same as in Example 1. The preparation method for Agent A is the same as in Example 1.

[0072] 2) The second component (Agent B) is a water-soluble powder, which is composed of three high molecular weight polymers: hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA), polyaspartic acid (PASP), and polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) in a weight ratio of 2.5:1:1. The preparation method of Agent B is the same as in Example 1.

[0073] 3) The third component (Agent C) is a powder, which is composed of acid-resistant composite microbial agent and amino acid powder in a weight ratio of 4:1. The preparation method of Agent C is the same as in Example 1.

[0074] 2. The preparation method of the compound conditioning agent is as follows: the separately packaged agents A, B and C are mixed in a target mass ratio of 95:8:5 and packaged together in one outer packaging unit.

[0075] Example 4: Application of the compound conditioner from Example 1 Used to improve acidic soils with a pH value less than 5.5.

[0076] The application method of the compound conditioner prepared in Example 1 is as follows: 1) Application of Agent A: Apply the fertilizer evenly to the soil surface once, 7-10 days before sowing or transplanting, as a base fertilizer. The recommended application rate is 80-150 kg / mu, preferably 100 kg / mu. Then, rotary tillage or plow to a depth of 15-20 cm to ensure the conditioner is thoroughly mixed with the topsoil. After tilling, it is recommended to irrigate once to bring the soil moisture content to 60-70% of field capacity, allowing the components of Agent A to function more effectively.

[0077] 2) Application of Agent B: Apply the solution around the crop roots via drip irrigation after sowing, during transplanting, or during the crop's growth period. The recommended dosage is 5-8 kg / mu, with 6 kg / mu being preferred. The amount of water used for drip irrigation should be one-third to one-quarter more than normal. For the first quarter of the drip irrigation, use only plain water; for the middle two-quarters, use the B-component solution; and for the last quarter, use plain water. This allows the B-component solution to work more effectively.

[0078] 3) Application of Agent C: Apply Agent B 3-7 days after application, using drip irrigation around the crop roots. The recommended dosage is 3-5 kg / acre, preferably 4 kg / acre. The drip irrigation volume should be one-third to one-quarter more than normal. For the first quarter of the drip irrigation, use only plain water; for the middle two-quarters, use Agent C; and for the last quarter, use plain water. This allows Agent C to work more effectively.

[0079] In this embodiment, the three groups of agents A, B and C are used in a specific order, which avoids antagonism or damage between the components and allows each component to exert its full effect, resulting in cumulative effects.

[0080] Comparative Example 1 Agent A was applied alone in the same soil as in Example 4. The application method was the same as in Example 4.

[0081] Comparative Example 2 Agents A and B were applied to the same soil as in Example 4. The application method was the same as in Example 4.

[0082] Comparative Example 3 Agents A and C were applied to the same soil as in Example 4. The application method was the same as in Example 4.

[0083] Experimental Example 1 Experimental location: Red soil tea garden in Jiangxi Province, initial pH 4.3, high active aluminum content.

[0084] Using a blank control (no treatment) as a reference, the effects of different conditioners applied 120 days after treatment in Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were compared. The experiment included five treatments: ① blank control; ② Comparative Example 1 with single application of agent A (90 kg / mu); ③ Comparative Example 2 with agents A+B (92 kg / mu); ④ Comparative Example 3 with agents A+C (92 kg / mu); ⑤ The entire system (A+B+C, 100 kg / mu) in Example 4 of this invention. Each treatment was repeated three times. Results: 120 days after application, treatment ⑤ showed the best results: soil pH stabilized at 6.1, active aluminum content decreased by 78%, soil aggregates increased by 45%, and tea shoot growth and yield were significantly higher than other treatments. Treatment ② showed a rapid initial pH increase but later dropped to 5.6, and the soil became slightly compacted; treatment ③ showed good aluminum passivation but limited improvement in microbial indicators; treatment ④ showed good biological activity but slow initial improvement. Treatment ⑤ showed significantly better overall results than other groups, demonstrating the synergy and necessity of the system.

[0085] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0086] Table 1. Effects of each treatment group on key indicators of acidic soil.

[0087] Theoretical sum .

[0088] Note: The theoretical summation value is estimated according to the formula "⑤ effect = ② effect + ③ effect + ④ effect - 2① effect", which is used to simulate the simple superposition effect without synergy.

[0089] Data analysis shows that the actual effects of the entire system (⑤) of this invention on soil pH, active aluminum passivation rate, and aggregate formation rate are significantly better than their theoretical sum values, proving that there is a real synergistic enhancement effect among the three agents A, B, and C, rather than a simple functional additive effect. Regarding microbial diversity, the actual values ​​are close to the theoretical values ​​but the structure is superior, proving functional complementarity. Group ② experienced a pH decline in the later stages, while Group ⑤ showed a sustained and stable effect, proving the long-term effectiveness of the system.

[0090] Comparative Example 4 Except for the application of Agent A and Agent B as a base fertilizer, the rest was the same as in Example 4. The results showed that the mixing of Agent A and Agent B caused chemical and physical cross-linking, resulting in the loss of their original functions.

[0091] Comparative Example 5 Except for the application of Agent A and Agent C as a base fertilizer, the rest was the same as in Example 4. The results showed that when Agent A and Agent C were mixed, the strongly alkaline components caused the death of strains in the acid-resistant compound microbial agent.

[0092] Comparative Example 6 Except for the combined application of agents B and C, the procedure was the same as in Example 4. Results showed that the combined use of agents B and C reduced the activity of the strains in the acid-resistant compound microbial agent.

[0093] Example 5: Application of the compound conditioner from Example 2 The method is the same as in Example 4.

[0094] Example 6: Application of the compound conditioner from Example 3 The method is the same as in Example 4.

[0095] Experimental Example 2 The effects of different conditioning agents were compared between Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 after 60 days of application. The results showed:

[0096] In Example 4, Agent B, which was formulated in Example 1 with a weight ratio of HPMA, PASP, and γ-PGA of 2:1:1, was used. Experimental results showed that its synergistic chelation ability for aluminum and manganese ions and its ability to disperse soil particles were significantly better than those of Comparative Examples 3, 5, and 6.

[0097] In summary, this invention innovatively constructs a three-in-one sequential action mode of "rapid chemical neutralization (Agent A) + immediate chemical passivation and physical dispersion (Agent B) + long-term biological regulation and ecological reconstruction (Agent C)". Agent A provides fast-acting alkalinity and long-lasting calcium and magnesium nutrition; Agent B immediately chelates Al at the initial stage of application. 3+ Mn 2+The toxic ions protect crop roots and microorganisms while dispersing soil particles. Agent C rapidly colonizes in the microenvironment created by Agent A, stabilizing the microecology and preventing pH rebound through metabolic acid production, potassium and phosphorus release, and hormone generation, thus achieving fundamental improvement. The synergistic effect of these three agents far surpasses that of any single component or combination of two.

[0098] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound conditioner for the remediation of acidic soil, characterized in that, The product comprises the following components in individually packaged portions by weight: 85-95 parts of component one, 5-8 parts of component two, and 3-5 parts of component three; The first component comprises the following components by weight percentage: 48%~52% modified straw biochar, 38%~42% calcium magnesium ore powder, 7%~9% mineral-derived potassium humate, and 1%~2% anionic polyacrylamide; The second component comprises the following components: hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid; wherein the mass ratio of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, polyaspartic acid, and polyglutamic acid is (1.5~2.5):1:1; The third component includes the following components: acid-resistant composite microbial agent and amino acids; the mass ratio of the acid-resistant composite microbial agent and amino acid powder is (2~4):1; the acid-resistant composite microbial agent includes the following microorganisms: Trichoderma echinosporum (… Trichoderma asperellum ), gelatinous spore-forming bacteria ( Paenibacillus mucilaginosus ) and Bacillus curvatureis ( Bacillus flexus The total effective viable count of the acid-resistant compound microbial agent is ≥1 billion CFU / g.

2. The compound conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified straw biochar includes CO2-modified straw biochar.

3. The compound conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials used to prepare the calcium magnesium ore powder include high-grade dolomite or limestone.

4. The compound conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first component is a granule; the particle size of the first component is 2~5mm; the organic matter content of the first component is ≥40%; the humic acid content of the first component is ≥5%; the total content of CaO and MgO in the first component is ≥15%; the pH value of the first component is 9~10; and the moisture content of the first component is ≤5%.

5. The compound conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second component is a water-soluble powder.

6. The use of the compound conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in at least one of the following: 1) Improve acidic soil; 2) Increase crop yield; 3) Improve crop quality.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, The acidic soils include one or more of red soil, yellow soil, and lateritic red soil.

8. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pH of the acidic soil is <5.

5.

9. The method of applying the compound conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Seven to ten days before sowing or transplanting, apply the first component as a base fertilizer to the soil surface, and then irrigate after rotary tillage or plowing. The second component is applied around the crop roots with water after sowing, at transplanting, or during the crop growth period; Three to seven days after the second component is applied, the third component is applied with water around the crop roots.

10. The application method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The application rate of the first component is 80~150 kg / mu; The application rate of the second component is 5-8 kg / mu; The application rate of the third component is 3-5 kg / mu.

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