Power-adjustable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic material

Abstract

The invention provides a power-adjustable photovoltaic module based on an electrochromic material, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, the power-adjustable photovoltaic module comprises a light transmission adjusting device, and the light transmission adjusting device carries out composite layer packaging processing on a front cover plate of the photovoltaic module to form a controllable light transmission layer. And the optical power response modeling device carries out fitting processing on the light transmittance of the controllable light transmission layer and the battery output power of the photovoltaic module, a light transmittance-power response model is formed according to a fitting processing result, and a linear function and a correction coefficient are adopted for fitting processing. According to the power-adjustable photovoltaic module based on the electrochromic material, through cooperative work of the light transmission adjusting device, the optical power response modeling device, the data acquisition device, the self-adaptive control device and the power output adjusting device, accurate adjustment of the output power of the photovoltaic module is realized; therefore, the power output efficiency of the photovoltaic module under different illumination conditions is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically to a power-adjustable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials. Background Technology

[0002] Power regulation in existing photovoltaic power plants primarily relies on automatic generation control or start-stop methods of inverters. Inverters adjust their output power for system matching, but frequent adjustments can cause IGBT modules to overheat, reducing their lifespan. Multiple start-stop cycles also impact the power grid, increasing equipment load. To improve operational safety and system coordination, some solutions introduce electrochromic technology, which changes the light transmittance of the module surface when energized, thus controlling shading or power generation interruption. While structurally simple, this method has a fixed adjustment mechanism, only enabling on / off color changes and not continuous power regulation at the module level.

[0003] Existing color-changing photovoltaic (PV) modules, such as the Chinese patent with publication number CN220823028U, disclose a color-changing PV module and its system structure. This design uses an energy storage module within the inverter to supply power to an electrochromic film, causing the module to change color when energized and stop generating electricity, serving as an anti-islanding and surge protection mechanism. While this design is effective for safety control, it cannot linearly adjust the PV power according to actual irradiance changes. During grid peak shaving or partial load operation, the PV system still relies on the inverter for power control, resulting in limited adjustment accuracy and response speed, as well as energy loss and control lag. Therefore, current PV systems lack a technical solution that can achieve adjustable power at the module level through electrochromic technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a power-adjustable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials. The technical problem this invention aims to solve is: how to achieve linear power adjustment of the photovoltaic module under varying irradiance through an electrochromic light transmission adjustment device, thereby solving the problems of limited control accuracy and response speed of color-changing photovoltaic modules relying on inverters.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials, comprising: A light transmission adjustment device, wherein the light transmission adjustment device performs a composite layer encapsulation process on the front cover plate of the photovoltaic module to form a controllable light transmission layer; A light power response modeling device is used to fit the light transmittance of the controllable light-transmitting layer and the cell output power of the photovoltaic module, and to form a light transmittance-power response model based on the fitting result. The fitting process uses a linear function and a correction coefficient. A data acquisition device that synchronously collects and processes multi-parameter operating data during the operation of the photovoltaic module to form a power feedback dataset; An adaptive control device is used to perform error calculation processing on the power feedback dataset and the output results of the transmittance-power response model to form an adjustment signal. The error calculation processing adopts a PID fuzzy composite control algorithm. A power output regulating device performs processing on the regulating signal to form a power output result, the processing including power integral calculation and output limiting control.

[0006] Preferably, the light transmittance adjustment device includes a transparent conductive polymer layer, an ion-conductive intermediate layer, and an electrochromic thin film layer. The thickness of the transparent conductive polymer layer is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm, the thickness of the ion-conductive intermediate layer is 0.05 mm-0.1 mm, the thickness of the electrochromic thin film layer is 0.2 mm-0.5 mm, and the optical transmittance of the controllable light transmittance layer varies by ≤40% in the wavelength range of 450 nm-900 nm.

[0007] Preferably, the conductivity of the transparent conductive polymer layer is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 4 With a S / m and a refractive index of 1.4-1.6, the ion-conducting intermediate layer adopts a polyethylene oxide-titanium dioxide composite structure, and the electrochromic film layer adopts a double-layer composite structure of tungsten oxide layer and nickel oxide layer. The tungsten oxide layer serves as the cathode electrochromic layer, and the nickel oxide layer serves as the anode electrochromic layer.

[0008] Preferably, the fitting process employs a comprehensive function formula, the expression of which is: ; in, The output power of the photovoltaic module is expressed in watts (W). The transmittance is a dimensionless quantity with a value ranging from 0 to 1. The effective light-receiving area of ​​the photovoltaic module is expressed in units of... , The intensity of incident light is expressed in units of . , The difference between the operating temperature and the rated temperature of the photovoltaic module, in units of... , This is the temperature correction factor, in units of... , Angle of incidence, in radians. The incident angle correction index is dimensionless. The coefficients are linear function coefficients, dimensionless. The coefficients of a linear function are dimensionless and satisfy the following conditions: , is the power correction constant, in W.

[0009] Preferably, the sampling node period of the data acquisition device is 50ms-200ms. The multi-parameter operating data includes incident light intensity, output current signal, voltage signal, and temperature parameter. The data acquisition device includes a light sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor. The light sensor detects the incident light intensity to generate a light signal, the voltage sensor acquires the voltage signal of the photovoltaic module, the current sensor measures the output current signal, and the temperature sensor outputs the temperature parameter.

[0010] Preferably, the synchronous acquisition process includes time synchronization, spatial mapping, and data fusion.

[0011] Preferably, the adaptive control device employs a composite error-driven strategy, which includes proportional adjustment, integral correction, and fuzzy inference.

[0012] Preferably, the error calculation and processing steps are as follows: S1. Calculate the difference between the power feedback dataset and the output result to form a power error dataset; S2. Perform the proportional adjustment and integral correction on the power error dataset to form a basic control signal; S3. Perform the fuzzy inference on the basic control signal to form the adjustment signal.

[0013] Preferably, the adaptive control device and the power output adjustment device communicate via a photovoltaic control bus. The communication interface of the photovoltaic control bus is a CAN bus structure with a refresh cycle of ≤200ms and a transmission delay of <2ms.

[0014] Preferably, the power output results include steady-state output power, power change rate, and power stability index.

[0015] This invention provides a power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials. It has the following beneficial effects: This power-adjustable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials achieves precise adjustment of the photovoltaic module's output power through the coordinated operation of a light transmission adjustment device, a light power response modeling device, a data acquisition device, an adaptive control device, and a power output adjustment device, thereby improving the photovoltaic module's power output efficiency under different lighting conditions.

[0016] The system employs a PID fuzzy composite control algorithm and photovoltaic control bus communication technology to precisely control the output power of photovoltaic modules, enabling the photovoltaic system to maintain high efficiency and stable performance under different environmental conditions. Furthermore, through the synchronous acquisition and real-time feedback adjustment of multi-parameter data, the system achieves adaptive adjustment and efficient energy utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a system structure for implementing an invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a light transmission adjustment device for realizing the invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a data acquisition device for implementing an invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of an adaptive control device for implementing the invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a power output regulation device for implementing an invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials, including a light transmittance adjustment device. The light transmittance adjustment device performs a composite layer encapsulation process on the front cover of the photovoltaic module to form a controllable light transmittance layer. The light transmittance adjustment device includes a transparent conductive polymer layer, an ion-conductive intermediate layer, and an electrochromic thin film layer. The thickness of the transparent conductive polymer layer is 0.1mm-0.3mm, the thickness of the ion-conductive intermediate layer is 0.05mm-0.1mm, and the thickness of the electrochromic thin film layer is 0.2mm-0.5mm. The optical transmittance of the controllable light transmittance layer varies by ≤40% in the wavelength range of 450nm-900nm. The conductivity of the transparent conductive polymer layer is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 4 With a S / m and a refractive index of 1.4-1.6, the ion-conducting intermediate layer adopts a polyethylene oxide-titanium dioxide composite structure, and the electrochromic film layer adopts a double-layer composite structure of tungsten oxide layer and nickel oxide layer. The tungsten oxide layer serves as the cathode electrochromic layer, and the nickel oxide layer serves as the anode electrochromic layer.

[0020] The optical power response modeling device fits the transmittance of the controllable light-transmitting layer to the cell output power of the photovoltaic module, forming a transmittance-power response model based on the fitting results. The fitting process uses a linear function and correction coefficients. The fitting process employs a comprehensive function formula, the expression of which is: ; in, The output power of a photovoltaic module, in watts (W). Transmittance, with a value ranging from 0 to 1, is dimensionless. The effective light-receiving area of ​​a photovoltaic module, in units of , The intensity of incident light is expressed in units of . , The difference between the operating temperature and the rated temperature of the photovoltaic module, in units of... , This is the temperature correction factor, in units of... , Angle of incidence, in radians. The incident angle correction index is dimensionless. The coefficients are linear function coefficients, dimensionless. The coefficients of a linear function are dimensionless and satisfy the following conditions: , is the power correction constant, in W.

[0021] The data acquisition device synchronously collects and processes multi-parameter operational data during the operation of the photovoltaic modules to form a power feedback dataset. The sampling node period of the data acquisition device is 50ms-200ms. The multi-parameter operational data includes incident light intensity, output current signal, voltage signal, and temperature parameters. The data acquisition device includes a light sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor. The light sensor detects the incident light intensity and generates a light signal; the voltage sensor collects the voltage signal of the photovoltaic modules; the current sensor measures the output current signal; and the temperature sensor outputs the temperature parameter. Synchronous acquisition and processing includes time synchronization, spatial mapping, and data fusion.

[0022] The adaptive control device performs error calculation processing on the power feedback dataset and the output results of the transmittance-power response model to generate an adjustment signal. The error calculation processing employs a PID fuzzy composite control algorithm. The adaptive control device uses a composite error-driven strategy, which includes proportional regulation, integral correction, and fuzzy inference. The error calculation processing steps are as follows: S1. Calculate the difference between the power feedback dataset and the output result to form a power error dataset.

[0023] S2. Perform proportional adjustment and integral correction on the power error dataset to form the basic control signal.

[0024] S3. Perform fuzzy reasoning on the basic control signals to form adjustment signals.

[0025] The adaptive control device and the power output regulation device communicate via a photovoltaic control bus. The communication interface of the photovoltaic control bus is a CAN bus structure with a refresh cycle of ≤200ms and a transmission delay of <2ms.

[0026] The power output regulating device processes the regulating signal to generate a power output result. This processing includes power integral calculation and output limiting control. The power output result includes steady-state output power, power change rate, and power stability indicators.

[0027] The light transmittance adjustment device utilizes a composite layer encapsulation, combining a transparent conductive polymer layer, an ion-conductive intermediate layer, and an electrochromic thin film layer to achieve controllable light transmittance of the photovoltaic module. The device adjusts the transmittance according to external lighting conditions, optimizing the power output of the photovoltaic module and ensuring efficient operation under different lighting environments.

[0028] The photovoltaic power response modeling device generates a response model based on the relationship between light transmittance and power output. It establishes an accurate power output prediction through a fitting algorithm, ensuring that the photovoltaic module can flexibly adjust its output power according to factors such as light intensity to achieve the best power conversion efficiency.

[0029] The data acquisition device includes sensors for light, temperature, voltage, and current, which can collect and process multi-parameter data of the components in real time, providing important information for subsequent power feedback and control, and ensuring that the system makes accurate adjustments according to real-time environmental changes.

[0030] The adaptive control device employs a PID fuzzy composite control algorithm. It adjusts system parameters based on power error data to ensure stable power output from the photovoltaic modules under varying environmental conditions. Through proportional regulation, integral correction, and fuzzy inference, the adaptive control device achieves intelligent adaptive control.

[0031] The power output regulation device processes regulation signals from the control system to precisely control the power output of the photovoltaic modules, ensuring stable output power within a predetermined range. This device suppresses power fluctuations, improving the system's stability and reliability during long-term operation.

[0032] Environmental adaptability: Considering the potential impact of extreme weather on photovoltaic modules, it is recommended to enhance the protection capabilities in the design, improve the stability of the modules in environments such as high temperature, high humidity, strong ultraviolet radiation and weathering, extend the service life of the modules, and maintain the high efficiency of the photovoltaic modules.

[0033] Intelligent optimization: By introducing artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, the system can make real-time adjustments based on historical data and environmental changes to optimize power output control strategies. Intelligent control predicts and adjusts the performance of photovoltaic modules in advance, improving system efficiency and reducing power loss.

[0034] Long-term durability: In environments with high UV radiation and large temperature variations, the aging of electrochromic materials needs to be considered in the design. Enhancing the aging resistance of materials and regular maintenance improve the long-term stability and performance of photovoltaic modules, ensuring their reliability during long-term use.

[0035] Example 2 This embodiment is a power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials. Using a light power response modeling device, the power output of the photovoltaic module is dynamically calculated based on actual environmental data, and the performance of the photovoltaic system is optimized. The specific implementation method is as follows: 1. Implementation Background The photovoltaic module configuration used in this embodiment is as follows: Effective light-receiving area of ​​photovoltaic modules: The actual area of ​​the installed photovoltaic module panel is 2.5㎡.

[0036] Incident light intensity: The actual measured midday solar irradiance on a sunny day is 900 W / m². Solar irradiance is obtained based on actual meteorological data or through real-time data collected by installed solar sensors.

[0037] Light transmittance: The light transmittance of the light-transmitting layer is usually provided by the manufacturer or determined through experimental testing. In this example, the photovoltaic module uses a light-transmitting layer with a transmittance of 0.75.

[0038] The difference between the operating temperature and the rated temperature: The difference between the operating temperature and the rated temperature is the temperature difference of the photovoltaic module in the actual working environment. Usually, the operating temperature of the module will be higher than the rated temperature, which is 25℃. The temperature difference is obtained by real-time monitoring by a temperature sensor and is 7℃.

[0039] Angle of incidence: The angle of incidence is the angle between the sunlight and the normal to the surface of the photovoltaic module. The angle is determined based on the actual environment and the position of the sun. The angle of incidence is 25°, obtained by calculating the solar angle or by on-site measurement. 25°≈0.4363 radians.

[0040] Temperature correction factor: Provided by the photovoltaic module manufacturer, this indicates the effect of temperature on module performance. It is typically calibrated using the material properties of the photovoltaic module, with a calibration value of 0.02. .

[0041] Incident angle correction index: The incident angle correction index represents the effect of the incident angle on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic module, and is usually determined to be 1 based on experimental data or manufacturer calibration values.

[0042] 2. Parameter settings The following coefficients are set based on the actual parameters and formulas of the photovoltaic modules: The linear function coefficients represent the weights of the linear relationship between light transmittance and power output, and are typically obtained from performance experiments or calibration data of photovoltaic modules. Let the linear function coefficients be set as... ,but ,satisfy .

[0043] Power correction constant: The power correction constant is the power correction constant of the photovoltaic module, which is determined to be 15W based on the calibration data of the photovoltaic module. It is used to adjust the difference between the power output under standard conditions and actual conditions.

[0044] 3. Calculation of Optical Power Response Model The fitting process uses a comprehensive function formula, the expression of which is: ; in, The output power of a photovoltaic module, in watts (W). Transmittance, with a value ranging from 0 to 1, is dimensionless. The effective light-receiving area of ​​a photovoltaic module, in units of , The intensity of incident light is expressed in units of . , The difference between the operating temperature and the rated temperature of the photovoltaic module, in units of... , This is the temperature correction factor, in units of... , Angle of incidence, in radians. The incident angle correction index is dimensionless. The coefficients are linear function coefficients, dimensionless. The coefficients of a linear function are dimensionless and satisfy the following conditions: , is the power correction constant, in W.

[0045] Substitute the known data into the formula: 4. Results Analysis Based on the above calculations, the output power of the photovoltaic module is 1922.84W, or 19.22kW. This means that under the current conditions of light intensity, transmittance, operating temperature difference, and incident angle, the actual output power of the photovoltaic module is 19.22 kilowatts.

[0046] 5. Optimization and Control Feedback The photovoltaic power response modeling device dynamically adjusts the transmittance of the photovoltaic modules based on real-time collected environmental data to optimize power output. If the light intensity changes, the system will recalculate the power output of the photovoltaic modules based on the new input data and adjust the transmittance to maximize power output.

[0047] 6. Actual data feedback and adjustments When the actual ambient light intensity decreases to 750W / m² and the transmittance increases to 0.8, the power output is recalculated: Therefore, the new photovoltaic module has an output power of 1671W, or 16.71kW.

[0048] This embodiment utilizes actual environmental data and the characteristics of photovoltaic modules to accurately calculate the output power of the photovoltaic modules and dynamically adjusts the light transmittance when the environment changes, thereby optimizing the power output. Calculation results show that the power output of the photovoltaic modules is adjusted under different light intensities and light transmittance conditions, ensuring the system always maintains optimal operating conditions and improving the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic system. This method provides a precise and automatic control strategy for photovoltaic systems, enhancing the overall efficiency of the system.

[0049] Example 3 This embodiment is a power-adjustable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials. A data acquisition device monitors the photovoltaic system's operating status in real time, and power feedback is used to adjust and optimize the system's output power, thereby improving the photovoltaic system's operating efficiency and stability. The specific implementation method is as follows: 1. Experimental Environment Setup This experiment was conducted at a photovoltaic power station, which contained several photovoltaic modules. The environmental conditions for the experiment were as follows: The effective light-receiving area of ​​the photovoltaic module is 1.2 m², the calibration temperature of the photovoltaic module is 25℃, the ambient temperature range is 25℃ to 30℃, and the light intensity range is 100W / m² on cloudy days to 1000W / m² on sunny days. The experiment lasts for 24 hours a day, with data recorded every 5 minutes and a sampling period of 100ms.

[0050] The experiment aims to collect multi-parameter data in real time using a data acquisition device and achieve high-efficiency output of photovoltaic modules through a feedback adjustment system.

[0051] 2. Data acquisition equipment The data acquisition device includes multiple sensors for collecting data on light intensity, voltage, current, and temperature. Detailed specifications of the device are as follows: Light sensor: accuracy is ±5%, working range is 0-1500W / m², and the actual experimental measurement range is 100W / m² to 1000W / m².

[0052] Voltage sensor: measurement range 0-100V, accuracy ±0.1V; Current sensor: measurement range 0-15A, accuracy ±0.05A; Temperature sensor: measurement range -40℃ to 100℃, accuracy ±0.5℃.

[0053] 3. Data Acquisition Process During the experiment, the sampling period was 100ms. Below is a sample of data collected on one day of the experiment: Table 1: Data Collection Sample Table. 4. Data Synchronization and Processing All sensor data is processed synchronously for correction and data fusion. The specific steps are as follows: Time synchronization: Ensure that data on light intensity, current, voltage, and temperature are collected synchronously at the same time point to avoid errors caused by time differences.

[0054] Spatial mapping: Ensures coordination of all sensor positions. Through the correction of sensor positions, it ensures that the data from each sensor is spatially consistent.

[0055] Data fusion: Combining data on light intensity, current, voltage, and temperature, a unified real-time dataset is generated through a data fusion algorithm for power calculation and system regulation.

[0056] 5. Power Response Modeling Based on the collected data, a transmittance-power response model for the photovoltaic system was established. When transmittance is directly proportional to light intensity, the output power of the photovoltaic module can be calculated using the following formula: ; Where P is the output power of the photovoltaic module, in W; I is the output current, in A; and V is the output voltage, in V.

[0057] During the experiment, when the light intensity was 700W / m², the output current was 5.9A and the voltage was 31.4V. According to the above formula: ; 6. Power feedback regulation The collected data will be used to calculate the power error and transmitted to the power output regulation device. At a certain moment, the expected output power is 200W, while the actual output power is 185.26W, resulting in a power error of 14.74W. The error is calculated using a PID control algorithm, and power adjustment is performed accordingly. The specific steps are as follows: Proportional control: Calculate the proportional control signal based on the power error. Integral correction: Accumulate the power error to generate an integral control signal. Derivative correction: Calculate the derivative control signal based on the rate of change of the power error. Fuzzy inference: Combine the proportional, integral, and derivative signals to derive the adjustment signal through fuzzy inference.

[0058] The PID control system adjusts the output power of the photovoltaic modules in real time to ensure they meet demand. When the error is 14.74W, the PID control algorithm outputs an adjustment signal to increase the output power of the photovoltaic system.

[0059] 7. Experimental Results By analyzing the collected data, the relationship between light intensity, output current, voltage, and power was derived. The following are the data extracted from the experiment and the calculated output power: Table 2: Output Power Data Table. Based on the above data, photovoltaic modules can adaptively adjust their output power according to environmental changes to achieve optimal efficiency.

[0060] 8. Data Visualization and Control The real-time monitoring system displays collected multi-parameter data and output power through a data display interface. As light intensity increases, the output power also rises, and the temperature changes accordingly. System administrators can view the power feedback adjustment results in real time and adjust relevant parameters through the control interface to optimize system operation.

[0061] The system uses a data acquisition device to collect real-time data on multiple parameters such as light intensity, current, voltage, and temperature, and performs time synchronization and data fusion processing to provide accurate operating status information for the photovoltaic system. Utilizing this data, the system performs PID control optimization based on power error to achieve efficient power output. Experimental results show that the photovoltaic system adaptively adjusts its power output according to changes in ambient light intensity, ensuring stable and efficient operation of the photovoltaic modules under different conditions, and improving the overall performance and energy output efficiency of the photovoltaic system.

[0062] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials, characterized in that, include: A light transmission adjustment device, wherein the light transmission adjustment device performs a composite layer encapsulation process on the front cover plate of the photovoltaic module to form a controllable light transmission layer; A light power response modeling device is used to fit the transmittance of the controllable light-transmitting layer and the cell output power of the photovoltaic module, and to form a transmittance-power response model based on the result of the fitting process. The fitting process uses a linear function and a correction coefficient. A data acquisition device that synchronously collects and processes multi-parameter operating data during the operation of the photovoltaic module to form a power feedback dataset; An adaptive control device is used to perform error calculation processing on the power feedback dataset and the output results of the transmittance-power response model to form an adjustment signal. The error calculation processing adopts a PID fuzzy composite control algorithm. A power output regulating device performs processing on the regulating signal to form a power output result, the processing including power integral calculation and output limiting control.

2. The power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light transmittance adjustment device includes a transparent conductive polymer layer, an ion-conductive intermediate layer, and an electrochromic thin film layer. The thickness of the transparent conductive polymer layer is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm, the thickness of the ion-conductive intermediate layer is 0.05 mm-0.1 mm, and the thickness of the electrochromic thin film layer is 0.2 mm-0.5 mm. The optical transmittance of the controllable light transmittance layer varies by ≤40% in the wavelength range of 450 nm-900 nm.

3. A power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conductivity of the transparent conductive polymer layer is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 4 With a S / m and a refractive index of 1.4-1.6, the ion-conducting intermediate layer adopts a polyethylene oxide-titanium dioxide composite structure, and the electrochromic film layer adopts a double-layer composite structure of tungsten oxide layer and nickel oxide layer. The tungsten oxide layer serves as the cathode electrochromic layer, and the nickel oxide layer serves as the anode electrochromic layer.

4. A power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fitting process employs a comprehensive function formula, the expression of which is: ； in, The output power of the photovoltaic module. The transmittance is defined as 0-1. The effective light-receiving area of ​​the photovoltaic module. The incident light intensity, The difference between the operating temperature and the rated temperature of the photovoltaic module. This is the temperature correction factor. Angle of incidence The incident angle correction index, The coefficients are linear function coefficients. The coefficients of a linear function satisfy... , This is the power correction constant.

5. A power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling node period of the data acquisition device is 50ms-200ms. The multi-parameter operating data includes incident light intensity, output current signal, voltage signal and temperature parameter. The data acquisition device includes a light sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor and a temperature sensor. The light sensor detects the incident light intensity and generates a light signal. The voltage sensor collects the voltage signal of the photovoltaic module. The current sensor measures the output current signal and the temperature sensor outputs the temperature parameter.

6. A power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synchronous acquisition and processing includes time synchronization, spatial mapping, and data fusion.

7. A power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive control device employs a composite error-driven strategy, which includes proportional adjustment, integral correction, and fuzzy inference.

8. A power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps for error calculation and processing are as follows: S1. Calculate the difference between the power feedback dataset and the output result to form a power error dataset; S2. Perform the proportional adjustment and integral correction on the power error dataset to form a basic control signal; S3. Perform the fuzzy inference on the basic control signal to form the adjustment signal.

9. A power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive control device and the power output adjustment device communicate via a photovoltaic control bus. The communication interface of the photovoltaic control bus is a CAN bus structure with a refresh cycle of ≤200ms and a transmission delay of <2ms.

10. A power-tunable photovoltaic module based on electrochromic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power output results include steady-state output power, power change rate, and power stability index.

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