Planting method for improving yield of gastrodia elata through substrate solid culture

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for improving the yield of gastrodia elata through substrate solid culture, and belongs to the field of gastrodia elata cultivation and planting. Comprising the following steps: S1, planting environment: the temperature is 12-15 DEG C, the altitude is 1000-2000 m, and the humidity is 70%-90%; s2, the upper end of the planting basket is open, the bottom and the periphery of the planting basket are provided with grid faces, and the inner sides of the bottom and the periphery are covered with non S3, preparing a planting substrate, wherein humus soil, river sand and porous biochar are mixed according to the proportion of (5-7): (2-4): (1-2); s4, fungus material preparation, inoculated fungus stick head and tail trimming, side fish scale opening trimming, pretreatment and armillaria mellea inoculation cultivation; s5, sowing and planting gastrodia elata, laying armillaria mellea materials and gastrodia elata seeds, and filling and covering the gastrodia elata seeds with the planting substrate; s6, planting the seedlings, keeping the water content at 40-60%, and eliminating disadvantageous seedlings; the gastrodia elata planting method solves the problems that when gastrodia elata is cultivated and planted with natural soil as a carrier in the prior art, organic matter fluid-solid is unstable, the water-retaining property and air permeability of planting soil cannot reach a stable balance state, and the yield of gastrodia elata is affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Gastrodia elata cultivation, specifically relating to a method for improving the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Gastrodia elata is a perennial herb and one of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials. It is mostly used as medicine for its tubers and has high health and medicinal value. Gastrodia elata grows in high-altitude forests at an altitude of 1400-1700m. Its growth environment depends entirely on Armillaria mellea to provide nutrients. Soil is the core carrier of the symbiosis between the two. The structure of the soil itself directly determines the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata. Gastrodia elata prefers loose soil with high organic matter content and good aeration and drainage. Traditional bed cultivation relies heavily on natural soil, which presents a contradiction between water retention and aeration. Clay soils have insufficient porosity and poor drainage, easily leading to the death of Armillaria mellea mycelia due to lack of oxygen, directly affecting the nutrient supply to Gastrodia elata and reducing its yield and quality. Sandy soils have poor water and fertilizer retention capacity and low organic matter content, prolonging the establishment period of Armillaria mellea and reducing nutrient transfer efficiency. In order to neutralize clay and sandy soils, humus or sand is added to increase porosity. However, due to the lack of stable support in natural soils, organic matter is lost rapidly under the influence of rainwater erosion and soil movement, which cannot provide a continuous and stable growth environment during the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, thus affecting its yield. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method for increasing the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based cultivation. The method uses baskets as the planting carrier and a composite substrate of humus and biochar as the cultivation substrate. The baskets, as physical carriers, can fix the substrate structure, preventing soil matrix flow and thus avoiding organic matter loss or migration of soil pollutants that may exist in the natural soil environment. Furthermore, in terms of the substrate, besides providing a stable supply of organic matter for the fungal substrate, it also maintains a stable balance between water retention and aeration. This invention solves the problem of unstable organic matter flow and solidification, and the inability of the planting soil itself to achieve a stable balance between water retention and aeration, which affects the yield of Gastrodia elata in traditional cultivation methods that rely on natural soil as a carrier.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: A method for increasing the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification includes the following steps: S1: Planting environment, average annual temperature 12~15℃, altitude 1000~2000 meters, relative humidity 70%~90%; understory planting is adopted; S2: Planting basket, single planting basket specifications: length 70~80cm, width 50~60cm, height 30~35cm; except for the top which is an open structure, the bottom and four sides of the basket are all mesh structures, and the bottom and the inside of the four sides are covered with non-woven fabric. S3: Preparation of planting substrate and preparation of porous biochar; mix humus, river sand and porous biochar in a ratio of 5~7:2~4:1~2; S4: Preparation of fungal materials: Select Armillaria mellea inoculation logs, 45-55cm in length, and make a circumference cut at both ends of the inoculation logs at a 15-30° angle inwards; make fish scale cuts every 5-6cm on the side of the logs, for a total of 3-4 rows; after pretreatment, place the inoculation logs in an Armillaria mellea cultivation bed for Armillaria mellea cultivation to obtain Armillaria mellea fungal materials; S5: Planting of Gastrodia elata. Place the planting basket directly on the natural soil under the forest. First, lay a 10-15cm planting substrate at the bottom of the planting basket. Then, place the Armillaria mellea wood cultivated in S4 evenly at equal intervals on the bottom planting substrate. Continue to fill the gaps between the Armillaria mellea wood with planting substrate. Select white Gastrodia elata as the seed, and place the seed on both sides of the Armillaria mellea wood. Finally, fill the planting substrate to 5-8cm above the Armillaria mellea wood. S6: Planting and management: maintain the moisture content of the planting substrate at 40%~60% and control the temperature at 15~25°C; during the seedling management period, promptly remove seedlings that are not growing well.

[0005] Preferably, the understory planting, from top to bottom, is as follows: Upper layer: Tree canopy, reducing light intensity and providing a shady environment for the growth of Gastrodia elata; Middle layer: Shade-tolerant shrubs, including but not limited to: rhododendron, camellia; the organic acids secreted by the roots can regulate the soil pH to 5.5-6; Lower layer: Designated as a basket-cultivation area for Gastrodia elata.

[0006] Preferably, the porous biochar is prepared by microwave pyrolysis. Microwave pyrolysis rapidly carbonizes biomass or coal precursors at a high temperature of 800°C to remove volatile substances, and then steam or CO2 is introduced to form porous biochar. Microwave pyrolysis allows the precursors to complete heating and pyrolysis at a stable high temperature in a relatively short time, thereby increasing the porosity of the biochar. A composite microbial agent containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is loaded into the porous channels of the generated porous biochar. Attaching the composite nutrient microbial agent to the pores of the porous biochar can significantly reduce the leaching loss of the nutrient microbial agent and achieve a slow-release effect.

[0007] Preferably, the pretreatment method for the Armillaria mellea inoculated substrate is as follows: Air-dry the Armillaria mellea inoculation sticks until the moisture content is 60%~70%, ensuring that they are free from decay and disease, and then soak them in ammonium nitrate solution for 10 minutes.

[0008] Preferably, the method for cultivating the Armillaria mellea fungus is as follows: The cultivation bed is a trench with dimensions of 80cm*60cm*15cm dug in natural soil. First, a 2-3cm layer of humus and dead leaves is laid at the bottom of the cultivation bed. Armillaria mellea inoculation sticks are placed at 8-10cm intervals along the long side of the cultivation bed, with 4-5 guiding branches placed between adjacent inoculation sticks. Armillaria mellea spawn is inoculated at both ends of the inoculation sticks and along the fish-scale opening. The gaps between the inoculation sticks are then filled with a mixture of humus and dead leaves to prevent contamination. This process continues until the mixture reaches 2cm above the inoculation sticks. A second layer can be inoculated using the same method and then filled in. The top layer is covered with an 8-10cm layer of humus and dead leaves mixture, forming a conical slope at the top.

[0009] Preferably, graphene oxide is added to the Armillaria mellea strain at a concentration of 0.05-0.2 mg / mL; the Armillaria mellea strain with added graphene oxide is then inoculated onto an Armillaria mellea inoculation stick for cultivating Armillaria mellea mycelium; the two-dimensional structure of graphene promotes the directional growth of mycelia, forming a dense mycelial network, increasing the contact area between the mycelia and the Gastrodia elata seed, and allowing the Gastrodia elata seed to receive more sufficient nutrition.

[0010] Preferably, one Armillaria mellea substrate is placed every 3-5 cm along the long side of the planting basket. The gaps between the Armillaria mellea substrates are filled with planting substrate. When the substrate is filled to 1 / 2 of its length, the seeds are planted. Gastrodia elata seeds are placed between two adjacent Armillaria mellea substrates, with the buds on the seeds facing upwards. The seeds are placed perpendicular to the Armillaria mellea substrates, and the spacing between seeds is 10-15 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the humic soil and biochar mixture is subjected to ultrasonic assistance to load humic acid from the humic soil onto the surface of the biochar. The ultrasonic power is set to 200-300W, and the action time lasts for 20-30 minutes, forming a pH-responsive slow-release system. In acidic soils, humic acid releases hydrogen ions to regulate the pH, while the alkaline functional groups of the biochar neutralize excess acid. This carrier can also adsorb heavy metals in the soil.

[0012] Preferably, the materials used for the Armillaria mellea inoculation sticks include: chestnut, peach, linden, and birch.

[0013] Preferably, the Armillaria mellea inoculation stick is a recycled synthetic biomass inoculation stick, and its preparation method is as follows: Sugarcane bagasse, rice husks and mushroom residue are mixed in a ratio of 4~6:2~4:1~3 and fermented for 13~18 days to prepare cylindrical mushroom sticks. Armillaria mellea is then inoculated onto the biomass mushroom sticks for cultivation to obtain Armillaria mellea mycelium. The biomass substrate has a bulk density of 0.4~0.6 g / cm³ and a porosity of 70%~75%, which can replace traditional oak substrate, reducing wood consumption. At the same time, the substrate is richer in lignin and has higher porosity than single wood, making it easier to complete lignin degradation. The lignin degradation products, phenolic substances, can promote the accumulation of gastrodin synthesis.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a method for increasing the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solid cultivation. It adopts a basket-based cultivation method under forest cover, using baskets as a physical carrier. Compared with natural soil cultivation, the effect of solid cultivation substrate structure is more obvious, which maximizes the prevention of the migration of pollutants from natural soil and solves the problem of the uncontrollable flow of natural soil in the natural environment. In addition, a mixture of humus, river sand and porous biochar is used as the planting substrate. Humus provides organic matter and microbial community to provide nutrients for the colonization of Armillaria mellea. River sand and porous biochar achieve a balance between water retention and aeration. Among them, porous biochar can realize the slow release of humus nutrients. This invention employs understory planting, utilizing the canopy of trees and shade-tolerant shrubs to provide the natural shading environment required for the growth of Gastrodia elata. Since it needs to be planted under the forest, the basket planters are placed on the natural soil in the forest, with the bottom of the basket planters in normal contact with the natural soil. The organic acids secreted by the roots of the shade-tolerant shrubs in the middle layer can regulate the pH of the natural soil to the acidic environment that Gastrodia elata is adapted to, preventing excessive alkaline substances in the natural soil from entering the basket planter substrate under natural flow and disrupting the pH of the basket planter substrate. The combination of understory planting and basket planting achieves a synergistic effect of complementing each other's strengths and weaknesses, providing a better and more stable environment for the growth of Gastrodia elata. The porous channels of the porous biochar in the matrix can be loaded with a compound nutrient agent of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria. During the growth of Gastrodia elata, the compound nutrient agent provides nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients to Gastrodia elata through slow release. Moreover, the nutrient agent is loaded in the porous channels of the porous biochar, which can greatly reduce the leaching loss of the nutrient agent. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the Gastrodia elata cultivation method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1 A method for increasing the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification includes the following steps: S1: Planting environment, average annual temperature 12~15℃, altitude 1000~2000 meters, relative humidity 70%~90%; In this embodiment, the cultivation environment for Gastrodia elata is under forest cover. Gastrodia elata prefers a shady environment, and the varying heights of the forest provide natural shade for its growth. From top to bottom, the following are the tree tops and bottoms: Upper layer: Tree canopy, which utilizes the tall canopy and lush foliage of the trees to provide the main shade environment for Gastrodia elata and reduce light intensity; Middle layer: Shade-tolerant shrubs, such as azaleas and camellias. The roots of these shade-tolerant shrubs can secrete organic acids such as citric acid, which can help regulate the pH of the natural soil. Lower layer: Designated as a basket-cultivation area for Gastrodia elata, with the cultivation baskets placed directly on the natural soil under the forest; S2: Planting basket, single planting basket specifications: length 75cm, width 55cm, height 35cm; the sufficiently large basket body can provide enough space for the growth of Gastrodia elata tubers, ensuring that the final harvested tubers meet the selling standard. Except for the open structure at the top, the bottom and four sides of the basket body are all mesh structures, and the bottom and the inner sides of the four sides are covered with non-woven fabric. Covering the bottom and the inner sides of the basket body with non-woven fabric not only fixes the planting substrate inside the basket, preventing the planting substrate from being lost, but also does not affect the overall air permeability of the planting basket. S3: Preparation of planting substrate and preparation of porous biochar; mix humus, river sand and porous biochar in a ratio of 6:3:1.5; In this embodiment, microwave heating is used instead of traditional heat source heating to prepare porous biochar. Biomass such as rice husks or coal precursors are rapidly carbonized at 800℃ to remove volatile substances, and then water vapor or CO2 is introduced to form porous biochar. Microwave pyrolysis can complete the heating and pyrolysis in a relatively stable high temperature environment within a relatively short period of time, thereby improving the porosity of biochar. In addition to providing the substrate with loose and porous properties, biochar, in conjunction with river sand, balances the substrate's water retention and aeration properties in planting substrates. As a preferred embodiment, a composite microbial agent of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is loaded into the porous channels of porous biochar. Before mixing with humus and river sand, the porous biochar is first thoroughly mixed with the composite microbial agent, and then the composite microbial agent is loaded onto the porous biochar through physical adsorption. Loading the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient microbial agent required for the growth of Gastrodia elata into the porous channels of porous biochar can reduce the leaching loss of nutrient elements. In addition, during the planting process, the nutrient elements are released slowly from the porous channels of biochar, providing a continuous and stable supply of nitrogen and phosphorus auxiliary nutrients for the growth of Gastrodia elata. S4: Preparation of fungal materials: Select a 50cm long Armillaria mellea inoculation log. Cut the two ends of the Armillaria mellea inoculation log at a 20° angle inward around the perimeter. Make fish scale cuts every 5cm on the side of the log, for a total of 3-4 rows. After pretreatment, place the Armillaria mellea inoculation log in an Armillaria mellea cultivation bed for Armillaria mellea cultivation to obtain Armillaria mellea fungal materials. In this embodiment, the pretreatment of the Armillaria mellea inoculation log is to first air-dry the Armillaria mellea inoculation log to a moisture content of 60% to 70%. Excessive moisture content will make the wood more prone to rot and is not conducive to the growth and attachment of mycelium. After air-drying, to ensure that there is no decay or disease, it is soaked in ammonium nitrate solution for 10 minutes. The pretreated Armillaria mellea inoculation logs are placed in a cultivation bed, which is a trench dug in natural soil with dimensions of 80cm*60cm*15cm. A 2-3cm layer of humus and fallen leaves mixture is laid at the bottom of the cultivation bed. Armillaria mellea inoculation logs are placed along the long side of the cultivation bed at 8-10cm intervals. Four-five guide branches are placed at equal intervals between adjacent inoculation logs. The purpose of the guide branches is to connect the individual inoculation logs into a whole, increasing the surface area for mycelial growth and maximizing the amount and length of mycelial growth. Inoculation is performed at both ends of the inoculation logs and along the fish-scale opening. After inoculating with Armillaria mellea, fill the gaps between the inoculation sticks with a mixture of humus and dead branches as soon as possible to prevent the invasion of other fungi. Continue filling until the mixture reaches 2cm above the inoculation sticks. You can then place a second layer of inoculation sticks on top of the mixture and continue inoculating. Cover the top layer with an 8-10cm layer of humus and dead leaf mixture, forming a conical slope at the top to facilitate drainage. After the mycelial culture cycle, remove the humus and dead leaf mixture and remove the sticks covered with mycelium to obtain the Armillaria mellea substrate. In this embodiment, the inoculation sticks can be made from any of chestnut, peach, linden, or birch trees, with a diameter of 8-10cm. S5: Planting of Gastrodia elata. Place the planting basket directly on the natural soil under the forest. First, lay a 12cm planting substrate at the bottom of the planting basket. Then, place one Armillaria mellea mycelium prepared in S4 along the long side of the planting basket at 5cm intervals. Fill the gaps between adjacent Armillaria mellea mycelium with planting substrate. When the planting substrate fills to 1 / 2 of the Armillaria mellea mycelium, plant the Gastrodia elata seed. Select white Gastrodia elata as the seed. Place the Gastrodia elata seed between the Armillaria mellea mycelium, placing the seeds on both sides of the Armillaria mellea mycelium, and placing the seeds perpendicular to the Armillaria mellea mycelium, so that both ends of the seeds can contact the mycelium on the Armillaria mellea mycelium. The interval between two adjacent seeds is 12cm. After the seeds are placed, cover them with planting substrate to a height of 5-8cm above the Armillaria mellea mycelium. S6: Planting and management: During the growth period of Gastrodia elata, maintain the moisture content of the planting substrate at 40%~60% and control the temperature at 15~25°; during the seedling management period, promptly remove seedlings with poor growth.

[0019] Example 2 Based on Example 1, before inoculating the Armillaria mellea strain into the Armillaria mellea inoculation stick, graphene oxide was added to the Armillaria mellea strain at a concentration of 0.1 mg / mL. The Armillaria mellea strain with added graphene oxide was then inoculated into the same Armillaria mellea inoculation stick as in Example 1 for cultivation. The setup of the cultivation bed and the cultivation conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0020] Example 3 Based on Example 1, this example replaces the natural wood Armillaria mellea inoculation sticks used in Example 1 with synthetic biomass inoculation sticks. The preparation method of the synthetic biomass inoculation sticks is as follows: Sugarcane bagasse, rice husks, and mushroom residue were mixed in a ratio of 5:3:2. The mushroom residue is the waste substrate from edible mushroom cultivation. The mixed biomass was fermented for 15 days. After fermentation, it was shaped into cylindrical mushroom logs resembling natural wood. These cylindrical logs could be appropriately pressed to control the substrate volume of the biomass logs at 0.4~0.6 g / cm³. 3 The porosity is between 70% and 75%. Armillaria mellea was inoculated and Armillaria mellea culture was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1.

[0021] Example 4 Based on Example 1, in this example, before preparing the planting substrate, humus soil and biochar are mixed. Humic acid from the humus soil is loaded onto the surface of the biochar using ultrasound assistance. The ultrasound power is set to 250W and the action time is 25min. A pH-responsive slow-release system is formed by loading humic acid onto biochar. In an alkaline substrate, humic acid releases hydrogen ions to regulate the pH. In an acidic substrate, the alkaline functional groups of biochar neutralize excess acid, keeping the pH fluctuations of the soil within a range that has no substantial impact. In addition, the biochar carrier can also adsorb heavy metals in the soil.

[0022] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example adopts the traditional Gastrodia elata cultivation method, that is, planting in natural land, but it does not use natural soil as a substrate, but uses the planting substrate prepared in Example 1, and is located in the same forest under the same forest as the Gastrodia elata cultivation in Example 1, adopting forest under-forest planting, and the area size of a single planting pit is the same as the area size of a single planting basket; the rest of the methods and conditions are completely the same as in Example 1. During the mature harvest season of Gastrodia elata, the arrow-shaped ...

[0023] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example uses the same basket planting method as Example 1. The difference is that this comparative example does not use the understory planting method. The other methods and conditions are completely consistent with those in Example 1.

[0024] During the mature harvest season of Gastrodia elata, the arrow-shaped ...

[0025] Table 1. Statistics on the weight and size of harvested arrowroot. Total weight of harvested Gastrodia elata (g) Mean length of arrow hemp (cm) Mean width of arrow hemp (cm) Example 1 5135 10.5 4.3 Comparative Example 1 3596 7.5 3.2 Comparative Example 2 3085 5.3 2.8 The table shows that Example 1, which combined basket planting with understory planting, yielded the highest total weight of harvested hemp (arrow hemp) and the best overall average size of the hemp, thanks to the synergistic advantages of basket planting combined with understory planting. Comparative Example 1, planted on natural land but using the planting substrate configured in Example 1 and located under the same forest cover as Example 1, had significantly lower total weight and average size of harvested arrow hemp compared to Example 1. Comparative Example 2, using basket planting but not understory planting, had the worst total weight and average size of harvested arrow hemp among the three groups. Therefore, the basket planting combined with the compound planting substrate and understory planting method in Example 1 resulted in the best weight and quality of harvested arrow hemp within the same planting area.

[0026] Comparative Example 3 Based on Example 1, the difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in Example 1, a compound microbial agent consisting of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was simultaneously loaded onto biochar; while in this comparative example, the compound microbial agent is not loaded onto biochar, but the same amount of compound microbial agent as in Example 1 is applied to the same planting unit regularly and quantitatively. Every 12 months, the Gastrodia elata plants were dug up, and the growth of the stems, leaves and roots of the plants was recorded and summarized in Table 2. Table 2. Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus application methods on the stems, leaves, and roots of Gastrodia elata. Number of groups Root length (cm) Stem diameter (cm) Example 1 10.8 6.3 Comparative Example 3 7.3 4.5 As shown in Table 2, using the method of Example 1, the nitrogen and phosphorus compound microbial agent loaded with biochar can achieve a slow-release effect, reduce the leaching of the compound microbial agent, and improve the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. However, Comparative Example 3, which used the same dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus compound microbial agent as Example 1 and adopted a regular and quantitative application method, ultimately showed that the stem and root growth of Comparative Example 3 was far inferior to that of Example 1. This proves that the application method of nitrogen and phosphorus microbial agent in Comparative Example 3 will cause the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus components, and the gastrodia elata cannot be fully absorbed and utilized.

[0027] Compared with Example 1, Example 2 is exactly the same as Example 1 except that graphene oxide is added to the Armillaria mellea strain; After the mycelium matures, its density, length, and growth status are recorded by visual observation, as shown in Table 3. Table 3. Statistical analysis of the quality evaluation of mature Armillaria mellea in Examples 1 and 2 Number of groups Density Length Mycelial growth Example 2 The distribution is uniform and dense, with no obvious gaps. Uniform overall length The hyphae have neat edges, face in a uniform direction, and show no obvious stagnation or shrinkage. Example 1 Uneven distribution, disordered growth direction, medium to high density, and visible gaps exist. The overall length is shorter than that of Example 2. The mycelium was generally messy, and the growth direction of different areas was inconsistent, with the edges being more disordered than in Example 2. Table 3 shows that graphene oxide, through its multidimensional structure, provides physical guidance for hyphal growth, guiding the hyphae to extend radially along the edges of the graphene oxide sheets. The growth and extension of hyphae between different sheets are not mutually interfered with, which helps the development of hyphal length and density. This forms a dense hyphal network, which can significantly increase the contact area between the Gastrodia elata seed and the hyphae, allowing the Gastrodia elata seed to receive more sufficient nutrients and improving nutrient supply efficiency. The "nutrient channels" formed by the hyphae along the graphene oxide sheets can quickly transport decomposition products such as glucose and amino acids to the Gastrodia elata cells.

[0028] Compared with Example 1, Example 3 uses synthetic biomass substrate instead of natural wood substrate in Example 1, while the other planting methods and conditions are completely the same as in Example 1. Using synthetic biomass substrate as inoculation substrate for Armillaria mellea can reduce the use of native wood, and most importantly, it can achieve the secondary utilization of waste biomass materials. Compared with the dense structure of wood, biomass substrate, after balancing the matrix capacity and porosity, is more prone to lignin decomposition than native wood. The lignin decomposition products, phenolic substances, are beneficial to the synthesis of gastrodin, the effective component in Gastrodia elata. After harvesting Gastrodia elata according to the methods of Example 1 and Example 3, the same amount of Gastrodia elata was used for gastrodin extraction, and its gastrodin content was determined. The final results were: the gastrodin content in Example 3 was 0.73%, while the gastrodin content in Example 1 was 0.58%; the gastrodin content in Example 3 was significantly higher than that in Example 1.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Planting environment, average annual temperature 12~15℃, altitude 1000~2000 meters, relative humidity 70%~90%; understory planting is adopted; S2: Planting basket, single planting basket specifications: length 70~80cm, width 50~60cm, height 30~35cm; except for the top which is an open structure, the bottom and four sides of the basket are all mesh structures, and the bottom and the inside of the four sides are covered with non-woven fabric. S3: Preparation of planting substrate and preparation of porous biochar; mix humus, river sand and porous biochar in a ratio of 5~7:2~4:1~2; S4: Preparation of fungal materials: Select inoculation logs for Armillaria mellea, 45-55cm in length. Cut around both ends of the inoculation logs at a 15-30° angle inwards. Make fish-scale cuts every 5-6cm on the side of the logs, for a total of 3-4 rows. After pretreatment, place the inoculation logs on an Armillaria mellea cultivation bed for Armillaria mellea cultivation to obtain Armillaria mellea fungal materials. S5: Planting of Gastrodia elata. Place the planting basket directly on the natural soil under the forest. First, lay a 10-15cm planting substrate at the bottom of the planting basket. Then, place the Armillaria mellea wood cultivated in S4 evenly at equal intervals on the bottom planting substrate. Continue to fill the gaps between the Armillaria mellea wood with planting substrate. Select white Gastrodia elata as the seed, and place the seed on both sides of the Armillaria mellea wood. Finally, fill the planting substrate to 5-8cm above the Armillaria mellea wood. S6: Planting and management: maintain the moisture content of the planting substrate at 40%~60% and control the temperature at 15~25°C; during the seedling management period, promptly remove seedlings that are not growing well.

2. The method for improving the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The understory plantings, from top to bottom, are as follows: Upper layer: tree canopy; Mid-layer: Shade-tolerant shrubs, including but not limited to: rhododendron, camellia; Lower layer: Designated as a basket-cultivation area for Gastrodia elata.

3. The method for improving the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous biochar is prepared by microwave pyrolysis, in which biomass or coal precursors are rapidly carbonized at a high temperature of 800°C to remove volatile substances, and then steam or CO2 is introduced to form porous biochar. A composite bacterial agent containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is loaded into the porous channels of the generated porous biochar.

4. The method for increasing the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment method for the Armillaria mellea inoculated substrate is as follows: Air-dry the Armillaria mellea inoculation sticks until the moisture content is 60%~70%, ensuring that they are free from decay and disease, and then soak them in ammonium nitrate solution for 10 minutes.

5. The method for increasing the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fungus is as follows: The cultivation bed is a trench with dimensions of 80cm*60cm*15cm dug in natural soil. First, a 2-3cm layer of humus and dead leaves is laid at the bottom of the cultivation bed. Armillaria mellea inoculation sticks are placed at 8-10cm intervals along the long side of the cultivation bed, with 4-5 guiding branches placed between adjacent inoculation sticks. Armillaria mellea spawn is inoculated at both ends of the inoculation sticks and along the fish-scale opening. The gaps between the inoculation sticks are then filled with a mixture of humus and dead leaves to prevent contamination. This process continues until the mixture reaches 2cm above the inoculation sticks. A second layer can be inoculated using the same method and then filled in. The top layer is covered with an 8-10cm layer of humus and dead leaves mixture, forming a conical slope at the top.

6. The method for increasing the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Graphene oxide was added to the *Armillaria mellea* strain at a concentration of 0.05–0.2 mg / mL. The *Armillaria mellea* strain with added graphene oxide was then inoculated onto *Armillaria mellea* inoculation logs for the cultivation of *Armillaria mellea* mycelium.

7. The method for improving the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The *Armillaria mellea* substrate is placed at 3-5 cm intervals along the long side of the planting basket. The gaps between the *Armillaria mellea* substrates are filled with planting substrate. When the substrate is filled to 1 / 2 of its length, the *Gastrodia elata* seeds are planted. The *Gastrodia elata* seeds are placed between two adjacent *Armillaria mellea* substrates, with the buds or stems of the *Gastrodia elata* seeds facing upwards. The *Gastrodia elata* seeds are placed perpendicular to the *Armillaria mellea* substrates, with a planting interval of 10-15 cm.

8. The method for improving the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixture of humic soil and biochar is subjected to ultrasonic assistance to load humic acid from the humic soil onto the surface of the biochar. The ultrasonic power is set to 200~300W and the action time lasts for 20~30min, forming a pH-responsive slow-release system.

9. The method for increasing the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The materials used for the Armillaria mellea inoculation logs include: chestnut, peach, linden, and birch.

10. The method for improving the yield of Gastrodia elata through substrate-based solidification cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Armillaria mellea inoculation sticks are recycled synthetic biomass sticks, and their preparation method is as follows: Sugarcane bagasse, rice husks and mushroom residue are mixed in a ratio of 4~6:2~4:1~3 and fermented for 13~18 days to prepare cylindrical mushroom sticks. Armillaria mellea is then inoculated onto the biomass mushroom sticks for cultivation to obtain Armillaria mellea mycelium. The biomass substrate has a bulk density of 0.4~0.6 g / cm³ and a porosity of 70%~75%.

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