CO2 geological sequestration leakage risk model experimental device and experimental method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological sequestration, in particular to a geological sequestration leakage risk model experimental device and experimental method. The experimental device comprises a stress loading mechanism, the stress loading mechanism comprises a shell assembly, a rock sample and at least six pressurizing assemblies, and the pressurizing assemblies can apply stress to the rock sample through the shell assembly; the shell assembly comprises at least two first supporting assemblies, at least two second supporting assemblies and at least two third supporting assemblies which are oppositely arranged, and each of the first supporting assemblies, the second supporting assemblies and the third supporting assemblies can be divided into a first supporting component, a second supporting component and a third supporting component. The stress is applied to the first support member in the first direction, the stress is applied to the second support member in the second direction, and the stress is applied to the third support member in the third direction. Therefore, the stress loading mechanism can apply mutually perpendicular three-dimensional stress to the rock sample to simulate a crustal stress environment so as to analyze and compare the influence of different crustal stress and construction conditions on geological sequestration leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application involves In the field of geological preservation technology, especially involving a kind of Experimental apparatus and methods for geological storage leakage risk model. Background Technology

[0002] Geological sequestration requires long-term integrity assessments of both the reservoir and caprock to avoid [risks / problems]. Leakage risk, which is typically associated with the interaction of rock and other sealing materials (cement), and is exacerbated by changes in pressure and temperature. The risk of leakage needs to be assessed. The various potential risks of leakage are assessed, and solutions are proposed for each of these risks.

[0003] Currently, regarding Research on leakage risk is limited by The excessively long timescale of the leakage process and the complexity of multi-field coupling involving water, heat, mechanics, and chemistry make on-site monitoring difficult, resulting in related research primarily relying on a combination of theoretical analysis and conceptual models. Furthermore, indoor experimental simulation devices are limited by laboratory conditions, and the simulated geological environment... The actual geological environment of geologically sealed sites varies considerably, making it difficult to accurately simulate true triaxial in-situ stress. There is a lack of quantitative control over the anisotropy of in-situ stress and its correlation with depth. Furthermore, the experiments lack reasonable assessment of in-situ stress, thus failing to accurately reveal… The leakage mechanism and variation pattern of geological reserves. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The summary of this application introduces a series of simplified concepts, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. This summary is not intended to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0005] According to one aspect of this application, a An experimental apparatus for modeling the risk of leakage in geological storage, the apparatus comprising a stress loading mechanism, the stress loading mechanism comprising a shell assembly, a rock sample, and at least six pressurizing components, the rock sample being located inside the shell assembly, and the at least six pressurizing components being located outside the shell assembly, the pressurizing components being able to apply stress to the rock sample through the shell assembly; The housing assembly includes at least two first support components arranged opposite each other along a first direction, at least two second support components arranged opposite each other along a second direction, and at least two third support components arranged opposite each other along a third direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. At least six pressurizing components correspond one-to-one with two first support components, at least two second support components, and at least two third support components. The first support component can be divided into A first support member, the second support assembly being able to be divided into A second support member, the third support assembly being able to be divided into A third supporting component, n The number of equal divisions in a single dimension shared by the first support component, the second support component, and the third support component during cutting; stress is applied to the first support member along a first direction. Stress is applied to the second support member along the second direction. Stress is applied to the third support member along the third direction. .

[0006] According to one of the claims of this application An experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage includes a stress loading mechanism. The stress loading mechanism comprises a shell assembly, a rock sample, and at least six pressurizing components. The rock sample is located inside the shell assembly, and the at least six pressurizing components are located outside the shell assembly. The pressurizing components can apply stress to the rock sample through the shell assembly. The shell assembly includes at least two first support components, at least two second support components, and at least two third support components arranged opposite each other along a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction, respectively. The first, second, and third directions are perpendicular to each other. The at least six pressurizing components correspond one-to-one with the two first support components, the two second support components, and the two third support components. The first support components can be divided into sections. The first support member and the second support assembly can be divided into The second support member and the third support assembly can be divided into A third supporting component, n The number of equal divisions in a single dimension shared by the first support component, the second support component, and the third support component during cutting; stress is applied to the first support component along the first direction. Stress is applied to the second support member along the second direction. Stress is applied to the third support member along the third direction. In this way, the stress loading mechanism, through at least six pressurizing components cooperating with the first support component, the second support component, and the third support component, can independently adjust the stress applied to any one of the first support components along the first direction. The stress applied to any second support member along the second direction and the stress applied to any third support member along the third direction It can apply mutually perpendicular triaxial stresses to rock samples to simulate the geostress environment; furthermore, by adjusting the size of the number of equal parts n and the stress values ​​applied to the first, second, and third support components, it can simulate geostress variations at different depths. It can also simulate the stress distribution under different geological structural conditions such as faults and folds, thereby analyzing and comparing the effects of different geostresses and structural conditions on the environment. The impact of geological storage leakage is The geological storage leakage risk has been effectively mitigated by reliable technical support.

[0007] Optionally, the first support assembly further includes a first sealing member, the second support assembly further includes a second sealing member, and the third support assembly further includes a third sealing member. The first sealing member is disposed around the first support member, and the first support member is sealed to the first sealing member. The second sealing member is disposed around the second support member, and the second support member is sealed to the second sealing member. The third sealing member is disposed around the third support member, and the third support member is sealed to the third sealing member. Two adjacent first support members, second support members, and third support members are movable relative to each other.

[0008] Optionally, at least one of the pressurizing components includes A pressure-applying component, The pressurizing component is capable of... Each of the second support members corresponds to one of them, and the pressure-applying member can apply stress to the second support member. , The stress calculation formula is: ; The pressurizing component is capable of... Each of the aforementioned third support members corresponds to one of them, and the pressure-applying member is capable of applying stress to the third support member. , The stress calculation formula is: ; The pressurizing component is capable of... Each of the first support members corresponds to one of them, and the pressure-applying member can apply stress to the first support member. , The stress calculation formula is: ; in, Let be the stress value corresponding to the second support member of the i-th layer. Where is the average density of the rock sample, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. This represents the actual depth of the rock sample corresponding to the second support member in the i-th layer. The structural stress coefficient, The vertical geostress at the reservoir depth of the rock sample is given. Let K be the stress value corresponding to the third support member of the i-th layer, and K be the horizontal stress coefficient. Additional term for regional background horizontal stress. Let be the stress value corresponding to the first support member in the j-th column of the i-th layer. v Poisson's ratio, Additional stress is applied to the construction of the first support member in the j-th column of the i-th layer.

[0009] Optionally, the stress loading mechanism further includes a positioning component and a control component. The housing assembly is connected to the positioning component through the pressurizing component. Each of the pressurizing components is electrically connected to the control component. The control component can control the pressurizing component to apply stress to the corresponding first support component, second support component, and third support component in different directions step by step.

[0010] Optionally, the rock sample includes a reservoir and a caprock, the reservoir and the caprock are sealed together, and both the reservoir and the caprock are sealed together with the shell assembly. The caprock is located above the reservoir along a first direction, and water can circulate within the reservoir and the caprock.

[0011] Optionally, the experimental apparatus further includes Injection mechanism, the The injection mechanism includes a gas supply component, a pressure regulating component, and a temperature regulating component. The pressure regulating component connects the gas supply component and the temperature regulating component, and the gas supply component delivers gas through the pressure regulating component. To the temperature regulating component, the The injection mechanism is connected to the rock sample via the temperature regulating component, which is capable of adjusting the temperature to... It is then transported into the rock sample.

[0012] Optionally, the pressure regulating assembly includes a pressurizing component and a storage component, the pressurizing component connecting the gas supply assembly and the storage component, and the pressurizing component being used to regulate the pressure. Pressurization is performed; the air supply assembly delivers... To the pressurizing member, so that the pressurized It can flow into the storage component.

[0013] Optionally, the pressure regulating assembly further includes a pressure reducing member and a flow rate regulating member. The pressure reducing member connects the flow rate regulating member to the storage member, and the flow rate regulating member and the storage member cooperate to maintain high pressure within the storage member. The pressure can be reduced to the target pressure required for the experiment.

[0014] Optionally, the rock sample includes a reservoir and a caprock, and the stress loading mechanism further includes a fracturing pipe and an outlet pipe, wherein the fracturing pipe and the outlet pipe are spaced apart, and both the fracturing pipe and the outlet pipe can penetrate the shell assembly and be inserted into the rock sample; one end of the fracturing pipe can be inserted into the reservoir, and the other end of the fracturing pipe is connected to the temperature regulating component, which can regulate the temperature and pressure of the rock sample. The material is transported to the rock sample; one end of the outlet pipe can be inserted into the caprock, and the other end of the outlet pipe is used to discharge the contents of the housing assembly. A mixture formed with water.

[0015] Optionally, the experimental apparatus further includes a monitoring mechanism, which comprises a pressure monitoring component and a temperature monitoring component. The pressure monitoring component includes a first pressure monitoring member and a second pressure monitoring member, and the temperature monitoring component includes a first temperature monitoring member and a second temperature monitoring member. The first pressure monitoring member and the first temperature monitoring member are disposed on the fracturing tube to monitor the injected fluid in real time at the fracturing tube. The pressure and temperature; the second pressure monitoring component and the second temperature monitoring component are disposed in the outlet pipe to monitor the pressure and temperature of the mixture discharged from the outlet pipe in real time.

[0016] Optionally, the monitoring mechanism further includes a fluid measurement component, which comprises a gas-liquid separation component, a drying component, a gas measurement component, and a liquid measurement component. The outlet pipe is connected to the gas-liquid separation component, which is used to remove impurities from the mixture discharged from the outlet pipe. The gas-liquid separation component is used for water separation; both the drying component and the gas measuring component are located above the gas-liquid separation component, and the liquid measuring component is located below the gas-liquid separation component. It can move upwards to pass through the drying member and enter the gas measuring member, thereby measuring the leakage within the housing assembly. The flow rate allows water in the gas-liquid separation component to move downwards and flow into the liquid measuring component, thereby measuring the mass of water discharged from the housing assembly.

[0017] According to another aspect of this application, a Experimental method for geological storage leakage risk model, the experimental method being described above. The experimental setup for a geological storage leakage risk model was implemented, and the experimental method included the following steps: Step 1, rock sample preparation; Select a rock sample that matches the target storage area, where the reservoir is located above the caprock. Seal the reservoir and caprock together, and seal the fracturing pipe and outlet pipe to the rock sample respectively. Immerse the rock sample in water until it reaches saturation. Step 2: Assemble the stress loading mechanism; At least two first support components, at least two second support components, and at least two third support components, respectively, form a shell assembly along mutually perpendicular first, second, and third directions, sealing the rock sample inside the shell assembly. Each of the first, second, and third support components can be divided into n² corresponding first, second, and third support members. Adjacent first, second, and third support members are sealed together by first, second, and third sealing members, thus sealing the shell assembly to the rock sample. Step 3: Calculate the stress value that needs to be applied to the rock sample; The calculation requires applying stress to the first support member along the first direction. The calculation requires applying stress to the second support member along the second direction. The calculation requires applying stress to the steel sheet of the third support component along the third direction. ; in, , and The stress calculation formula is as follows: ; ; ; in, The stress value corresponding to the second support member of the i-th layer. The average density of the rock sample is given. This represents the actual depth of the rock sample corresponding to the second support member in the i-th layer. The structural stress coefficient, The vertical geostress at the reservoir depth of the rock sample is given. Let K be the stress value corresponding to the third support member of the i-th layer, and K be the horizontal stress coefficient. Additional term for regional background horizontal stress. Let be the stress value corresponding to the first support member in the j-th column of the i-th layer. vPoisson's ratio, Additional stress is applied to the construction of the first support member in the j-th column of the i-th layer; Step 4: Apply stress to the rock sample; The housing assembly is connected to the positioning assembly via a pressurizing assembly, at least one of the pressurizing assemblies including... A pressure-applying component, Each pressurizing component is electrically connected to the control component, which can apply pressure to the first, second, and third support components corresponding to the pressurizing components in different directions and at different levels.

[0018] According to this application Experimental method for geological storage leakage risk model, the experimental method is based on the above. The experimental setup for a geological storage leakage risk model was implemented. The experimental method included: Step 1, rock sample preparation; selecting a rock sample matching the target storage area, where the reservoir in the rock sample is located above the caprock, sealing the reservoir and caprock together, and sealing the fracturing pipe and outlet pipe to the rock sample respectively; immersing the rock sample in water until it reaches saturation; Step 2, assembling a stress loading mechanism; at least two first support components, at least two second support components, and at least two third support components together form a shell assembly along mutually perpendicular first, second, and third directions, sealing the rock sample inside the shell assembly; wherein, the first, second, and third support components can be divided into n² corresponding first, second, and third support members respectively; sealing the adjacent first, second, and third support members with the first sealing member, second sealing member, and third sealing member, and sealing the shell assembly to the rock sample; Step 3, calculating the stress value to be applied to the rock sample; calculating the stress to be applied to the first support member along the first direction. The calculation requires applying stress to the second support member along the second direction. The calculation requires applying stress to the steel sheet of the third support component along the third direction. ;in, , and The stress calculation formula is as follows: ; ; ;in, The stress value corresponding to the second support member of the i-th layer. The average density of the rock sample is given. This represents the actual depth of the rock sample corresponding to the second support member in the i-th layer. The structural stress coefficient, The vertical geostress at the reservoir depth of the rock sample is given. Let K be the stress value corresponding to the third support member of the i-th layer, and K be the horizontal stress coefficient. Additional term for regional background horizontal stress. Let be the stress value corresponding to the first support member in the j-th column of the i-th layer. v Poisson's ratio, Apply additional stress to the construction of the first support member in the j-th column of the i-th layer; Step 4, apply stress to the rock sample; connect the shell assembly to the positioning assembly via a pressurizing assembly, at least one pressurizing assembly including A pressure-applying component, Each pressurizing component is electrically connected to a control component, which can apply pressure to the corresponding first, second, and third support components in stages, according to different directions. The experimental setup includes a stress loading mechanism, which comprises a shell assembly, a rock sample, and at least six pressurizing components. The rock sample is located inside the shell assembly, and the at least six pressurizing components are located outside the shell assembly. The pressurizing components can apply stress to the rock sample through the shell assembly. The shell assembly includes at least two first support components, at least two second support components, and at least two third support components arranged opposite each other along a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction, respectively. The first, second, and third directions are perpendicular to each other. Each of the at least six pressurizing components corresponds one-to-one with two first support components, at least two second support components, and at least two third support components. The first support component can be divided into... The first support member and the second support assembly can be divided into The second support member and the third support assembly can be divided into A third supporting component, n The number of equal divisions in a single dimension shared by the first support component, the second support component, and the third support component during cutting; stress is applied to the first support component along the first direction. Stress is applied to the second support member along the second direction. Stress is applied to the third support member along the third direction. In this way, the stress loading mechanism, through at least six pressurizing components cooperating with the first support component, the second support component, and the third support component, can independently adjust the stress applied to any one of the first support components along the first direction. The stress applied to any second support member along the second direction and the stress applied to any third support member along the third direction It can apply mutually perpendicular triaxial stresses to rock samples to simulate the geostress environment; furthermore, by adjusting the size of the number of equal parts n and the stress values ​​applied to the first, second, and third support components, it can simulate geostress variations at different depths. It can also simulate the stress distribution under different geological structural conditions such as faults and folds, thereby analyzing and comparing the effects of different geostresses and structural conditions on the environment. The impact of geological storage leakage is The geological storage leakage risk has been effectively mitigated by reliable technical support.

[0019] Optionally, the experimental method further includes the following steps: Step 5, conducting experimental tests; first, injecting air into the pressurization component through the air supply assembly. This makes the pressurized Flow into the storage component; when the storage component Once the preset high pressure is reached, the flow rate regulating component is activated. The flow rate regulating component works in conjunction with the deceleration component to reduce the high pressure. Adjust to the target injection pressure required for the experiment, and simultaneously inject into the housing assembly via the temperature control component. The system is heated to a set temperature, and the injection casing assembly is monitored in real time using the first pressure monitoring component and the first temperature monitoring component at the fracturing tube. Pressure and temperature; after a period of time in the experiment. The mixture formed with water is discharged from the outlet pipe. The pressure and temperature of the mixture discharged from the shell assembly are monitored in real time by a second pressure monitoring component and a second temperature monitoring component at the outlet pipe. After separation by a gas-liquid separation component, the discharged mixture... After being dried by the drying component, the flow rate is measured by the gas measuring component; the water mass is measured by the liquid measuring component after being moved downwards; Step 6: Test the influence of ground stress; by adjusting... , and The stress value is calculated, and steps 1 to 5 are repeated to simulate and compare the effects of different geostress and tectonic conditions on the stress. The impact of geological storage leaks. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The following figures are included as part of this application for understanding the application. The figures illustrate embodiments of the application and their descriptions, serving to explain the apparatus and principles of the application. In the figures, Figure 1 This is one embodiment of the present application. A simplified structural diagram of the experimental setup for a geological storage leakage risk model. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the forces acting on the shell assembly and its exploded view. Figure 3This is a perspective view of a second support component, a pressurizing component, and a positioning component according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A left-side schematic diagram of a second support assembly and a pressurization assembly is shown. Figure 5 for Figure 3 A right-side schematic diagram of a second support assembly and a pressurizing assembly is shown. Figure 6 for Figure 3 A side view of a second support component and a pressurizing component is shown.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1: Experimental apparatus for modeling the risk of leakage from geological storage sites; 10: Injection mechanism; 11: Gas supply components; 12: Pressure regulating component; 121: Pressurization component; 122: Storage component; 123: Pressure reduction component; 124: Flow rate regulation component; 13: Temperature control component; 20: Stress loading mechanism; 21: Housing assembly; 211: First support component; 2111: First supporting member; 2112: First sealing member; 212: Second support component; 2121: Second support member; 2122: Second sealing member; 213: Third support component; 2131: Third support member; 2132: Third sealing member; 22: Rock sample; 221: Reservoir; 222: Caprock; 23: Pressurization component; 231: Pressure-applying component; 24: Positioning component; 25: Fracturing pipe; 26: Export pipe; 30: Monitoring agencies; 31: Pressure monitoring component; 311: First pressure monitoring component; 312: Second pressure monitoring component; 32: Temperature monitoring component; 321: First temperature monitoring component; 322: Second temperature monitoring component; 33: Fluid measurement components; 331: Gas-liquid separation component; 332: Drying component; 333: Gas measuring component; 334: Liquid measuring component. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following description provides numerous specific details to offer a more thorough understanding of this application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this application can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described to avoid confusion with this application.

[0023] To fully understand this application, detailed portions will be set forth in the following description in order to illustrate it. Obviously, implementation of this application is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art. Preferred embodiments of this application are described in detail below; however, other embodiments may exist besides these detailed descriptions, and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that the terminology used herein is intended only to describe particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. When the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of the stated features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting.

[0024] The ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" used in this application are merely identifiers and have no other meaning, such as a specific order. In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" a second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of a second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" of a second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0025] The specific embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate representative embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a Geological Sequestration Leakage Risk Model Experimental Device 1 (hereinafter referred to as Experimental Device 1) can simulate a real geological environment and analyze and compare the effects of different geostress and tectonic conditions on the geological environment. Impact assessment of geological storage leakage The effectiveness of geological sealing and the potential risk of leakage, for The geological storage leakage risk has been effectively mitigated by reliable technical support.

[0027] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the experimental setup 1 includes a stress loading mechanism 20, which comprises a shell assembly 21, a rock sample 22, and at least six pressure-applying components 23. The shell assembly 21 is located between the rock sample 22 and the at least six pressure-applying components 23. The shell assembly 21 is generally cubic in structure. The rock sample 22 is located inside the shell assembly 21 and is sealed to it. The at least six pressure-applying components 23 are all located outside the shell assembly 21 and are connected to it. The pressure-applying components 23 can apply mutually perpendicular triaxial stresses to the rock sample 22 through the shell assembly 21 to simulate the triaxial stress distribution in a real geological environment. In this way, the shell assembly 21 can seal the rock sample 22 within itself, effectively preventing interference from the external environment and also preventing stress from entering the rock sample 22. Or the leakage of water effectively ensured the normal operation of experimental device 1.

[0028] Specifically, the housing assembly 21 includes at least two first support components 211 disposed opposite to each other along a first direction D1, at least two second support components 212 disposed opposite to each other along a second direction D2, and at least two third support components 213 disposed opposite to each other along a third direction D3. The thickness direction of the first support components 211 is parallel to the first direction D1. The thickness direction of the second support components 212 is parallel to the second direction D2. The thickness direction of the third support components 213 is parallel to the third direction D3. The first direction D1, the second direction D2, and the third direction D3 are perpendicular to each other.

[0029] At least two first support components 211 are spaced apart along a first direction D1, at least two second support components 212 are spaced apart along a second direction D2, and at least two third support components 213 are spaced apart along a third direction D3. At least one first support component 211 is connected at both ends along the second direction D2 to at least two second support components 212, and at least one first support component 211 is connected at both ends along the third direction D3 to at least two third support components 213; simultaneously, at least two second support components 212 are connected to at least two third support components 213. Thus, any two adjacent first support components 211, second support components 212, and third support components 213 are perpendicular to each other and movably connected to form a housing assembly 21. Any two of the first support components 211, second support components 212, and third support components 213 are capable of relative movement.

[0030] Optionally, the first support component 211, the second support component 212, and the third support component 213 have the same construction. The first support component 211, the second support component 212, and the third support component 213 can all be made of steel plates to have a certain structural strength, thereby being able to withstand the stress applied by the pressure component 23.

[0031] At least six pressurizing components 23 are spaced apart. Preferably, the pressurizing components 23 are identical in construction. Each of the at least six pressurizing components 23 corresponds to one of the two first support components 211, at least two second support components 212, and at least two third support components 213. For example, the pressurizing components 23 include at least two pressurizing components 23 oppositely arranged along a first direction D1, at least two pressurizing components 23 oppositely arranged along a second direction D2, and at least two pressurizing components 23 oppositely arranged along a third direction D3. The at least two pressurizing components 23 oppositely arranged along the first direction D1 correspond to the at least two first support components 211. The at least two pressurizing components 23 oppositely arranged along the first direction D1 can apply stress to the rock sample 22 through the first support components 211, and the directions in which the at least two pressurizing components 23 oppositely arranged along the first direction D1 apply stress to the rock sample 22 are opposite.

[0032] Similarly, at least two pressure-applying components 23 arranged opposite each other along the second direction D2 correspond to at least two second support components 212. The at least two pressure-applying components 23 arranged opposite each other along the second direction D2 can apply stress to the rock sample 22 through the second support components 212, and the directions in which the at least two pressure-applying components 23 arranged opposite each other along the second direction D2 apply stress to the rock sample 22 are opposite. At least two pressure-applying components 23 arranged opposite each other along the third direction D3 correspond to at least two third support components 213. The at least two pressure-applying components 23 arranged opposite each other along the third direction D3 can apply stress to the rock sample 22 through the third support components 213, and the directions in which the at least two pressure-applying components 23 arranged opposite each other along the third direction D3 apply stress to the rock sample 22 are opposite.

[0033] For example, the first support component 211 includes a first surface and a second surface, which are located at opposite ends of the first support component 211 along a first direction D1. The first surface faces the rock sample 22 and can be sealed to the rock sample 22. The second surface can be connected to an adjacent pressure component 23. The pressure component 23 can apply stress to the rock sample 22 along the first direction D1 through the first support component 211. Similarly, the pressure component 23 can apply stress to the rock sample 22 along the second direction D2 through the second support component 2121, and the pressure component 23 can apply stress to the rock sample 22 along the third direction D3 through the third support component 2131, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, the contact surfaces of the rock sample 22 and the housing component 21 can be bonded together with a high-pressure and high-temperature resistant sealant. This application does not limit the connection method between the rock sample 22 and the housing component 21, nor does it limit the connection method between the housing component 21 and the pressure component 23.

[0034] The first support component 211 can be divided into There are n first support members 2111, such that the n first support members 2111 are spaced apart along the second direction D2 and spaced apart along the third direction D3. Preferably, the first support members 2111 have the same structure as each other. The n first support members 2111 are equidistantly arranged along the second direction D2 and equidistantly arranged along the third direction D3.

[0035] Similarly, such as Figure 4 As shown, the second support component 212 can be divided into The n second support members 2121 are arranged at intervals along a first direction D1 and at intervals along a third direction D3. Preferably, the second support members 2121 have the same structure as each other. The n second support members 2121 are equidistantly arranged along the first direction D1 and at equal intervals along the third direction D3. The third support assembly 213 can divide... There are n third support members 2131, such that the n third support members 2131 are spaced apart along a first direction D1 and spaced apart along a second direction D2. Preferably, the third support members 2131 have the same structure as each other. The n third support members 2131 are equidistantly arranged along the first direction D1 and equidistantly arranged along the second direction D2.

[0036] in, n The number of equal divisions in a single dimension shared when cutting the first support component 211, the second support component 212, and the third support component 213 is determined. This ensures that the dimensions and number of the first support component 2111, the second support component 2121, and the third support component 2131 are identical. When the pressure component 23 applies the same stress to the first support component 2111, the second support component 2121, and the third support component 2131, the stress transmitted from each component to the rock sample 22 is the same, avoiding stress deviations caused by size differences and making the experimental data more accurate. Furthermore, it allows any one of the first support component 2111, the second support component 2121, and the third support component 2131 to be independently controlled to simulate different geological conditions, thereby analyzing and comparing the effects of different geostress and tectonic conditions on… The impact of geological storage leakage is The geological storage leakage risk has been effectively mitigated by reliable technical support.

[0037] Preferred, In embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the number of n is 4, which divides the second support component 212 into 16 second support members 2121, of which 4 second support members 2121 are arranged equidistantly along the first direction D1 and 4 second support members 2121 are arranged equidistantly along the third direction D3. Correspondingly, the first support component 211 has 16 first support members 2111, and the third support component 213 has 16 third support members 2131. This application does not limit the number of n. In this way, through multiple divisions, the pressure component 23 can control the first support component 211, the second support component 211, and the third support component 213 more precisely and flexibly, accurately simulate different geological conditions, improve the accuracy and reliability of the experimental device 1, and make the experimental results more accurate.

[0038] Stress is applied to the first support member 2111 along the first direction D1 Stress is applied to the second support member 2121 along the second direction D2. Stress is applied to the third support member 2131 along the third direction D3. .in, , and Interrelated, and , and All of these correspond to the stress distribution under actual geological conditions, and the stress in the other two directions can be calculated based on the stress in any one direction. Different stresses can be applied to different first support members 2111, different stresses to different second support members 2121, and different stresses to different third support members 2131 using the pressurizing assembly 23. Thus, by cooperating with at least six pressurizing assemblies 23 in conjunction with the first support assembly 211, the second support assembly 212, and the third support assembly 213, the stress applied to any one of the first support members 2111 along the first direction D1 can be independently adjusted. The stress applied to any one of the second support members 2121 along the second direction D2 and the stress applied by any third support member 2131 along the third direction D3 This allows for the simulation of in-situ stress exerted on rock sample 22 by a real geological environment. Furthermore, by adjusting the size of the equal division number n and the stress values ​​applied to the first support member 2111, the second support member 2121, and the third support member 2131, the variation of in-situ stress at different depths can be simulated. Additionally, by applying different stresses to local areas, the stress distribution of different geological structures such as faults and fractures can be simulated, thereby allowing for the analysis and comparison of the effects of different in-situ stresses and structural conditions on rock sample 22. The impact of geological storage leakage is The geological storage leakage risk has been effectively mitigated by reliable technical support.

[0039] According to one of the claims of this application A geological storage leakage risk model experimental device 1 includes a stress loading mechanism 20, which comprises a shell assembly 21, a rock sample 22, and at least six pressurizing components 23. The rock sample 22 is located inside the shell assembly 21, and the at least six pressurizing components 23 are located outside the shell assembly 21. The pressurizing components 23 can apply stress to the rock sample 22 through the shell assembly 21. The shell assembly 21 includes at least two first support components 211 arranged opposite each other along a first direction D1, at least two second support components 212 arranged opposite each other along a second direction D2, and at least two third support components 213 arranged opposite each other along a third direction D3. The first direction D1, the second direction D2, and the third direction D3 are perpendicular to each other. The at least six pressurizing components 23 correspond one-to-one with the two first support components 211, the at least two second support components 212, and the at least two third support components 213, respectively. The first support components 211 can be divided into A first support member 2111, and a second support assembly 212 capable of being divided into The second support member 2121 and the third support assembly 213 can be divided into The third supporting component 2131, n The number of equal divisions in a single dimension shared by the first support component 211, the second support component 212, and the third support component 213 during cutting; stress is applied to the first support component 2111 along the first direction D1. Stress is applied to the second support member 2121 along the second direction D2. Stress is applied to the third support member 2131 along the third direction D3. Thus, the stress loading mechanism 20, through at least six pressurizing components 23 cooperating with the first support component 211, the second support component 212, and the third support component 213, can independently adjust the stress applied to any one of the first support components 2111 along the first direction D1. The stress applied to any one of the second support members 2121 along the second direction D2 and the stress applied by any third support member 2131 along the third direction D3 This allows for the simulation of in-situ stress exerted on rock sample 22 by a real geological environment. Furthermore, by adjusting the size of the equal division number n and the stress values ​​applied to the first support member 2111, the second support member 2121, and the third support member 2131, the variation of in-situ stress at different depths can be simulated. Additionally, by applying different stresses to local areas, the stress distribution of different geological structures such as faults and fractures can be simulated, thereby allowing for the analysis and comparison of the effects of different in-situ stresses and structural conditions on rock sample 22. The impact of geological storage leakage is The geological storage leakage risk has been effectively mitigated by reliable technical support.

[0040] Expansion joints are provided between the first support component 211 and the second support component 212, between the second support component 212 and the third support component 213, and between the first support component 211 and the third support component 213, so that any two adjacent first support components 211, second support components 212 and third support components 213 can move relative to each other, so that the pressure component 23 can transfer the applied stress to the rock sample 22.

[0041] The first support assembly 211 further includes a first sealing member 2112, which surrounds the first support member 2111 and is disposed around the first support member 2111 along its circumferential direction. The circumferential direction of the first support member 2111 is perpendicular to a first direction D1. The first support member 2111 can be positioned between two adjacent first support members 2111 along either the first direction D1 or the second direction D2. The first support member 2111 and the first sealing member 2112 are sealed together. Two adjacent first support members 2111 are movably connected together via the first sealing member 2112. Two adjacent first support members 2111 are movable relative to each other. The first support member 2111 is movable along the first direction D1.

[0042] The second support assembly 212 further includes a second sealing member 2122, which surrounds the second support member 2121 and is disposed around the second support member 2121 along its circumferential direction. The circumferential direction of the second support member 2121 is perpendicular to the second direction D2. The second support member 2121 can be located between two adjacent second support members 2121 along either the first direction D1 or the third direction D3. The second support member 2121 and the second sealing member 2122 are sealed together. Two adjacent second support members 2121 are movably connected together through the second sealing member 2122. Two adjacent second support members 2121 are movable relative to each other. The second support member 2121 is movable along the second direction D2.

[0043] The third support assembly 213 further includes a third sealing member 2132, which surrounds the third support member 2131 and is disposed around the third support member 2131 along its circumferential direction. The circumferential direction of the third support member 2131 is perpendicular to the third direction D3. The third support member 2131 can be located between two adjacent third support members 2131 along either the first direction D1 or the second direction D2. The third support member 2131 and the third sealing member 2132 are sealed together. Two adjacent third support members 2131 are movably connected together via the third sealing member 2132. Two adjacent third support members 2131 are movable relative to each other. The third support member 2131 is movable along the third direction D3.

[0044] In this way, the first support member 2111, the second support member 2121, and the third support member 2131 can all move under the drive of the pressurizing component 23. Two adjacent first support members 2111, two adjacent second support members 2121, and two adjacent third support members 2131 can all move relative to each other according to local stress requirements, so as to ensure that the first support member 2111, the second support member 2121, and the third support member 2131 can apply stress to the corresponding position of the rock sample 22 in a specific direction, thereby truly restoring the stress distribution state under the geological environment.

[0045] Optionally, the first sealing member 2112, the second sealing member 2122, and the third sealing member 2132 can all be made of high-temperature resistant materials. The first sealing member 2112, the second sealing member 2122, and the third sealing member 2132 can all be made of rubber. In this way, the first sealing member 2112, the second sealing member 2122, and the third sealing member 2132, together with the first support member 2111, the second support member 2121, and the third support member 2131, form a closed housing assembly 21, effectively preventing air leakage within the housing assembly 21. Fluids such as water leak from the gap between any two adjacent support members 2111, 2121, and 2131, ensuring the sealing performance of the shell assembly 21, improving the stability of the experimental device 1, and making the experimental data more accurate. Any two adjacent support members 2111, 2121, and 2131 can move relative to each other, allowing them to move accordingly with the deformation of the rock sample 22, ensuring that stress is accurately transmitted to the rock sample 22. The geological storage leakage risk has been effectively mitigated by reliable technical support.

[0046] Since vertical stress can be converted into horizontal stress under the influence of gravity, and considering the weight of rock sample 22 and the tectonic stress caused by geological activity, a horizontal stress value can be preferentially obtained. Then, the horizontal stress coefficient between the two horizontal stresses can be used to calculate the stress value in the other horizontal direction. Based on the Poisson's ratio between horizontal and vertical stresses, the vertical stress value can be calculated from the stress value in one horizontal direction. Thus, the embodiments of this application can calculate based on the above principles. , and .

[0047] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, at least one pressurizing component 23 includes Each pressure member 231 is arranged with adjacent pressure members 231 spaced apart. Preferably, the pressure members 231 have the same construction. Optionally, the pressure member 231 can be a jack.

[0048] The pressure-applying component 231 can interact with Each second support member 2121 corresponds to one of the other two. n pressure members 231 are arranged equidistantly along the first direction D1 and equidistantly along the third direction D3. Each second support member 2121 is provided with at least one corresponding pressure member 231, and at least one pressure member 231 can apply stress to the corresponding second support member 2121. So that the second support member 2121 can transfer stress Transferred to the corresponding area of ​​rock sample 22.

[0049] The stress calculation formula is as follows: .

[0050] in, This represents the stress value corresponding to the second support member 2121 of the i-th layer. Let be the average density of rock sample 22 corresponding to the second support member 2121 of the i-th layer. The average density of rock sample 22 can be determined by the drainage method. When rock sample 22 is mudstone, the average density of rock sample 22 is approximately 2600-2800. When rock sample 22 is sandstone, its average density is approximately 2500-2700. .

[0051] g is the acceleration due to gravity. The actual depth of the rock sample 22 corresponding to the second support member 2121 of the i-th layer is calculated based on the total height H of the rock sample 22, and the calculation formula of the actual depth of the rock sample 22 uses the layer center depth as the calculation benchmark.

[0052] The calculation formula is: .

[0053] The structural stress coefficient, The value is based on Geological data for the target storage area has been determined. When the geological structure of the area corresponding to rock sample 22 is relatively stable... The value ranges from 0.05 to 0.1; when the geological region corresponding to rock sample 22 is relatively tectonic, The value range is 0.1-0.2.

[0054] The vertical geostress at depth 221 in reservoir 22 of rock sample 22. The calculation formula is: In the formula, D is the depth of reservoir 221 of the simulated rock sample 22.

[0055] The pressure-applying component 231 can interact with Each third support member 2131 corresponds to one of the n pressure members 231, which are arranged equidistantly along the first direction D1 and the second direction D2. Each third support member 2131 is provided with at least one corresponding pressure member 231, and at least one pressure member 231 can apply stress to the corresponding third support member 2131. So that the third support member 2131 can transfer stress Transferred to the corresponding area of ​​rock sample 22.

[0056] The stress calculation formula is: .

[0057] in, Let K be the stress value corresponding to the third support member 2131 of the i-th layer, and K be the horizontal stress coefficient (dimensionless). The formula for calculating K is: The range of horizontal stress coefficient K is determined according to the geological region type. When the target deposit area is located in a sedimentary basin, the range of K is approximately 1.2-2.0; when the target deposit area is located in a tectonic compression area, the range of K is approximately 2.0-3.0.

[0058] Additional term for regional background horizontal stress. The value can be determined based on the geological survey report of the target storage area. The value range is usually 2-5 MPa.

[0059] The pressure-applying component 231 can interact with Each first support member 2111 corresponds to one of the n pressure members 231, which are equidistantly arranged along the second direction D2 and along the third direction D3. Each first support member 2111 is provided with at least one corresponding pressure member 231, and at least one pressure member 231 can apply stress to the corresponding first support member 2111. So that the first support member 2111 can transfer stress Transferred to the corresponding area of ​​rock sample 22.

[0060] Under the combined effect of Poisson's effect and structural stress, The stress also needs to take into account local tectonic disturbances caused by geological activities (such as faults, folds, etc.). The stress calculation formula is: .

[0061] in, The stress value corresponding to the first support member 2111 in the j-th column of the i-th layer. v Poisson's ratio, For the structural additional stress of the first support member 2111 in the j-th column of the i-th layer, when the rock sample 22 simulates the geological structure near the fault, The value range is approximately 5-10 MPa; when rock sample 22 simulates the geological structure near the fold, The value range is approximately 3-6 MPa; when the geological structure simulated by rock sample 22 has no tectonic disturbance zone, It is 0.

[0062] Thus, experimental setup 1 is adjusted , and The stress value can be used to apply mutually perpendicular triaxial stresses to rock sample 22 to accurately simulate various geostress environments. This allows experimental device 1 to conduct simulation experiments for different geostress environments and analyze and compare the effects of different geostress and tectonic conditions on the rock sample. The impact of geological storage leakage is The geological storage leakage risk has been effectively mitigated by reliable technical support.

[0063] like Figure 3As shown, the stress loading mechanism 20 also includes a positioning component 24 and a control component. A pressurizing component 23 is located between the housing component 21 and the positioning component 24, and the housing component 21 is connected to the positioning component 24 via the pressurizing component 23. The positioning component 24 stably supports the housing component 21, ensuring its stability during the experiment; it also provides effective reaction force support to the pressurizing component 23, ensuring the stability of its operation and ensuring accurate transmission of the stress applied by the pressurizing component 23. Optionally, the positioning component 24 can be a reaction force support plate. The pressurizing component 23 is movable relative to the positioning component 24. This application does not limit the connection method between the pressurizing component 23 and the positioning component 24.

[0064] Each pressure-applying member 231 is electrically connected to a control component, which can control the movement of the pressure-applying member 231. For example, the control component can control the pressure-applying member 231 corresponding to the first support member 2111 to move along a first direction D1, so that the pressure-applying member 231 can transmit stress to the corresponding area of ​​the rock sample 22 through the first support member 2111. The control component can control the pressure-applying member 231 corresponding to the second support member 2121 to move along a second direction D2, so that the pressure-applying member 231 can transmit stress to the corresponding area of ​​the rock sample 22 through the second support member 2121. The control component can control the pressure-applying member 231 corresponding to the third support member 2131 to move along a third direction D3, so that the pressure-applying member 231 can transmit stress to the corresponding area of ​​the rock sample 22 through the third support member 2131.

[0065] The control component controls the pressurizing component 23 to apply stress to the housing assembly 21 in stages along different directions. The control component can control the pressurizing component 231 to apply stress to the corresponding first support component 2111, second support component 2121, and third support component 2131 in stages along different directions. For example, the pressurizing component 231 can apply stress to the corresponding first support component 2111 in stages along a first direction D1, so that the applied stress value gradually increases to the calculated stress value. Similarly, the pressure-applying component 231 can apply stress to the corresponding second support component 2121 in stages along the second direction D2, and the pressure-applying component 231 can apply stress to the corresponding third support component 2131 in stages along the third direction D3. In this way, the pressure-applying component 231 can effectively avoid damage to the first support component 2111, the second support component 2121 and the third support component 2131 due to sudden large stress by applying stress in stages, effectively ensuring the stability of stress transmission and making the operation of the stress loading mechanism 20 safer and more reliable. It can also apply mutually perpendicular triaxial stresses to the rock sample 22 to accurately simulate various geostress environments.

[0066] like Figure 1As shown, rock sample 22 includes a reservoir 221 and a caprock 222, which are connected. The caprock 222 is located above the reservoir 221 along the height direction of the shell assembly 21. The height direction of the shell assembly 21 is parallel to the first direction D1. In this embodiment, "above" refers to the direction towards the top of the experimental device 1, and "below" refers to the direction towards the bottom of the experimental device 1. Optionally, the caprock 222 can be mudstone to simulate the caprock of the target storage area. The reservoir 221 can be sandstone to simulate the reservoir of the target storage area.

[0067] The reservoir 221 and caprock 222 are sealed together, and both are sealed to the shell assembly 21. Optionally, the caprock 222 and reservoir 221 can be bonded together with a high-pressure, high-temperature resistant sealant, and the reservoir 221 and shell assembly 21 can also be bonded together with a high-pressure, high-temperature resistant sealant. The high-pressure, high-temperature resistant sealant maintains stable sealing performance under high temperature and pressure conditions, effectively preventing mixing between the caprock 222 and reservoir 221, and also effectively preventing fluid leakage from the shell assembly 21 to the outside of the shell assembly 21. It can also buffer the stress transmitted from the shell assembly 21 to the rock sample 22, avoiding the risk of sudden breakage of the rock sample 22, making the experimental results more accurate and reliable. This application does not limit the specific method of sealing the connection between any two of the reservoir 221, caprock 222, and shell assembly 21.

[0068] Since both reservoir 221 and caprock 222 have internal voids, fluid can circulate within them. In this embodiment, the fluid can be water, allowing water to circulate within reservoir 221 and caprock 222. Optionally, both caprock 222 and reservoir 221 are immersed in simulated formation water for saturation treatment until they reach a saturated state. This ensures that both reservoir 221 and caprock 222 are in a saturated or near-saturated state, allowing water to be evenly distributed within them, simulating the distribution of formation water in a geological environment and thus more closely resembling a real geological environment.

[0069] Optionally, the fluid can be processed based on parameters of the formation water in the target storage area (such as pH value, ion concentration, etc.). For example, the fluid can be oil. Alternatively, chemicals can be added to the fluid for formulation. In this way, rock sample 22 can be used with different fluids to simulate and analyze the effects of different formation waters on the formation water. The impact of geological storage leakage is This application provides reliable technical support for mitigating the risk of leakage from geological storage. It does not specify the exact structure of the fluid.

[0070] Experimental apparatus 1 also includes Injection mechanism 10, The injection mechanism 10 is connected to the interior of the housing assembly 21. Injection mechanism 10 is used for delivery . Injection mechanism 10 is able to It is delivered to the interior of housing assembly 21.

[0071] The injection mechanism 10 includes a gas supply assembly 11, a pressure regulating assembly 12, and a temperature regulating assembly 13. The pressure regulating assembly 12 is located between the gas supply assembly 11 and the temperature regulating assembly 13. The pressure regulating assembly 12 connects the gas supply assembly 11 and the temperature regulating assembly 13. The gas supply assembly 11 is used to provide... Optionally, the gas supply assembly 11 can be a gas cylinder. The gas supply assembly 11 contains... It can flow into the temperature regulating component 13 through the pressure regulating component 12 to regulate Pressure and temperature.

[0072] Pressure regulating component 12 is used for regulation The pressure. The air supply assembly 11 is connected to the pressure regulating assembly 12, and the air supply assembly 11 is able to... It is delivered to the pressure regulating assembly 12 to regulate. The pressure was adjusted to the target pressure required for the experiment. The target pressure required for the experiment was... The pressure is the same in the geological storage areas.

[0073] Temperature regulating component 13 is used for regulating The pressure regulating component 12 is connected to the temperature regulating component 13, and the pressure regulating component 12 can regulate the temperature. It is conveyed to the temperature regulation component 13 for adjustment. The temperature was brought to the target temperature required for the experiment. The target temperature required for the experiment and... The temperature is uniform throughout the geological storage area. Optionally, the temperature control component 13 can be a pipe heater.

[0074] The injection mechanism 10 is connected to the interior of the housing assembly 21 via the temperature regulation component 13. The air supply component 11 delivers air through the pressure regulation component 12. To the temperature regulating component 13, the temperature regulating component 13 is able to The gas is delivered into the housing assembly 21. In this way, the pressure regulating assembly 12, in conjunction with the temperature regulating assembly 13, can regulate the gas supplied by the gas supply assembly 11. The pressure and temperature are precisely adjusted to the required levels for the experiment, and then the equipment is placed in the desired experimental condition. The material is transported into the shell assembly 21, which can accurately simulate the temperature and pressure conditions of strata at different burial depths and in different geological regions, ensuring... The state during the experiment and the real geological environment The same state ensures the stability and accuracy of the experimental results.

[0075] Specifically, the pressure regulating assembly 12 includes a pressurizing component 121 and a storage component 122, with the pressurizing component 121 located between the air supply assembly 11 and the storage component 122. The pressurizing component 121 connects the air supply assembly 11 and the storage component 122. It can flow into the storage component 122 through the pressurization component 121.

[0076] The pressurizing component 121 is connected to the air supply component 11, and the air supply component 11 can inject air into the pressurizing component 121. The pressurization component 121 is used to supply air to the air supply assembly 11. To increase the pressure, so that The pressure changes from a low-pressure state to a high-pressure state. Optionally, the pressurizing component 121 can be a gas booster pump. This application does not limit the specific construction of the pressurizing component 121.

[0077] The pressurization component 121 can pressurize the pressure-boosting component 121. The pressurized material is conveyed to the storage component 122 so that it can be pressurized. It can flow into the storage component 122. The storage component 122 can store high voltage. Optionally, the storage component 122 can be a storage tank. Optionally, the storage component 122 can be equipped with a pressure detection component to monitor the pressure inside the storage component 122. The pressure. This application does not limit the specific construction of the storage component 122.

[0078] The pressure regulating assembly 12 also includes a pressure reducing member 123 and a flow rate regulating member 124, which are connected. The pressure reducing member 123 is located between the flow rate regulating member 124 and the storage member 122. The pressure reducing member 123 connects the flow rate regulating member 124 and the storage member 122. The storage member 122 can be connected to the pressure reducing member 123. It is conveyed to the flow rate regulating component 124.

[0079] Both the flow rate regulating component 124 and the pressure reducing component 123 are capable of handling high pressure. Pressure reduction is achieved. The flow rate regulating component 124, in conjunction with the pressure reducing component 123, can reduce the high pressure within the storage component 122. The pressure is reduced to the target pressure required for the experiment. The flow rate regulating component 124 can also control... Injection mechanism 10 The flow rate, so that The institution is able to transfer water with a certain flow rate The pressure is stably injected into the interior of the housing assembly 21. Optionally, the pressure-reducing component 123 can be a pressure reducer. The flow rate regulating component 124 can be a constant-speed, constant-pressure pump. The flow rate regulating component 124 is connected to the interior of the housing assembly 21 through the temperature regulating component 13, and the flow rate regulating component 124 can achieve the target pressure required for the experiment through the temperature regulating component 13. It is delivered to the interior of housing assembly 21. Thus, The injection mechanism 10, through the cooperation of the pressurizing component 121, the depressurizing component 123, and the flow rate regulating component 124, can inject the gas output from the gas supply assembly 11. The pressure is adjusted to the target pressure required for the experiment; at the same time, the flow rate regulating component 124 can also ensure... The injection mechanism 10 ensures a stable flow rate within the housing assembly 21, guaranteeing the stability and reliability of the experimental results.

[0080] The injection mechanism 10 also includes an injection pipe for conveying... Any two adjacent components in the gas supply assembly 11, pressure regulating assembly 12, and temperature regulating assembly 13 can be connected by an injection pipe. It can flow within the injection pipe. Optionally, the injection pipe can be made of pressure- and high-temperature-resistant materials. The injection pipe can be a steel pipe.

[0081] The injection mechanism 10 can also communicate with the interior of the housing assembly 21 via an injection conduit. The stress loading mechanism 20 also includes a fracturing pipe 25 and an outlet pipe 26, which are spaced apart. The fracturing pipe 25 is used for injection. The outlet pipe 26 is used for discharge. One end of both the fracturing pipe 25 and the outlet pipe 26 is located inside the shell assembly 21, while the other end is located outside the shell assembly 21. Both the fracturing pipe 25 and the outlet pipe 26 can penetrate the shell assembly 21 and be inserted into the rock sample 22.

[0082] Specifically, the shell assembly 21 further includes at least two through holes, and the rock sample 22 further includes at least two mounting holes, each corresponding to one of the at least two mounting holes. The fracturing tube 25 can pass through one through hole and be inserted into the mounting hole, and the outlet tube 26 can pass through the other through hole and be inserted into the other mounting hole. The fracturing tube 25 and the shell assembly 21 are sealed together, and the fracturing tube 25 and the rock sample 22 are also sealed together. The outlet tube 26 and the shell assembly 21 are also sealed together, and the outlet tube 26 and the rock sample 22 are also sealed together.

[0083] In the embodiments of this application, a hole is drilled above the rock sample 22 using a drill bit. At least two through holes are located above at least two mounting holes. Both the fracturing tube 25 and the outlet tube 26 can be inserted into the mounting holes through the through holes. Simultaneously, any adjacent components of the fracturing tube 25, the outlet tube 26, the shell assembly 21, and the rock sample 22 are bonded together with high-pressure, high-temperature resistant sealant to achieve a sealed connection. This application does not limit the connection method between the fracturing tube 25, the outlet tube 26, the shell assembly 21, and the rock sample 22.

[0084] The interior of the housing assembly 21 is connected to the fracturing tube 25. The injection mechanism 10 is connected. The injection mechanism 10 can inject the pressure and temperature adjusted through the fracturing pipe 25. The injection is carried out inside the shell assembly 21. One end of the fracturing pipe 25 can be inserted into the reservoir 221, and the other end of the fracturing pipe 25 is connected to the temperature control assembly 13. The temperature control assembly 13 can control the temperature and pressure of the injection. It was transported to rock sample 22.

[0085] One end of the outlet pipe 26 can be inserted into the cover layer 222, and the other end of the outlet pipe 26 is used to discharge from the housing assembly 21. A mixture formed with water. Outlet pipe 26 can be used for monitoring. The leakage process. After experimental setup 1 has been running for a period of time, Injection mechanism 10 injects into housing assembly 21 It can be in a saturated state. When Injection mechanism 10 continues to inject into housing assembly 21 At that time, the housing assembly 21 The mixture formed with water can be discharged through outlet pipe 26.

[0086] The experimental apparatus 1 also includes a monitoring mechanism 30, which comprises a pressure monitoring component 31 and a temperature monitoring component 32, which are spaced apart. The pressure monitoring component 31 and the temperature monitoring component 32 are located at the fracturing pipe 25 and the outlet pipe 26 to monitor... Injection mechanism 10 injects into housing assembly 21 through fracturing tube 25. The pressure and temperature, as well as the pressure and temperature of the mixture discharged from rock sample 22 through outlet pipe 26.

[0087] The pressure monitoring component 31 includes a first pressure monitoring member 311 and a second pressure monitoring member 312, which are arranged at intervals. The temperature monitoring component 32 includes a first temperature monitoring member 321 and a second temperature monitoring member 322, which are arranged at intervals.

[0088] The first pressure monitoring component 311 and the first temperature monitoring component 321 are disposed on the fracturing tube 25 to monitor the injection at the fracturing tube 25 in real time. The pressure and temperature of the mixture discharged from the outlet pipe 26 are monitored in real time. A second pressure monitoring component 312 and a second temperature monitoring component 322 are disposed on the outlet pipe 26. Optionally, both the first pressure monitoring component 311 and the second pressure monitoring component 312 are pressure sensors. Both the first temperature monitoring component 321 and the second temperature monitoring component 322 are temperature sensors. This application does not limit the specific construction of the pressure monitoring component 31 and the temperature monitoring component 32.

[0089] The monitoring unit 30 also includes a fluid measurement component 33, which is connected to the interior of the housing assembly 21 via an outlet pipe 26. The outlet pipe 26 is capable of measuring the fluid inside the housing assembly 21. The mixture formed with water is delivered to the fluid measurement component 33.

[0090] The fluid measurement assembly 33 includes a gas-liquid separation component 331, a drying component 332, a gas measurement component 333, and a liquid measurement component 334. The drying component 332 and the gas measurement component 333 are both located above the gas-liquid separation component 331, and the liquid measurement component 334 is located below the gas-liquid separation component 331. The outlet pipe 26 is connected to the gas-liquid separation component 331, and the fluid discharged from the outlet pipe 26... The mixture formed with water flows into the gas-liquid separation component 331. The gas-liquid separation component 331 is used to separate the mixture discharged from the outlet pipe 26. Separation from water. Optionally, the gas separation component can be a cryogenic gas-liquid separator. This application does not limit the specific construction of the gas separation component.

[0091] Under normal indoor temperature and pressure As a gas, it can move upwards. The drying component 332 connects the gas-liquid separation component 331 and the gas measuring component 333. The drying component 332 is used to dry the gas separated by the gas-liquid separation component 331. Drying is carried out. In the gas-liquid separation component 331... It can move upward to enter the gas measuring component 333 through the drying component 332, thereby measuring the leakage within the housing assembly 21. The flow rate. Optionally, the drying component 332 can be a dryer. The gas measuring component 333 can be a gas flow meter. This application does not limit the specific construction of the drying component 332 and the gas measuring component 333.

[0092] Water at room temperature and pressure is a liquid and can flow downwards under gravity. The liquid measuring component 334 is connected to the gas-liquid separation component 331. Water in the gas-liquid separation component 331 can flow downwards into the liquid measuring component 334, thereby measuring the mass of water discharged from the housing assembly 21. Optionally, the liquid measuring component 334 can be an electronic balance. This application does not limit the specific construction of the liquid measuring component 334.

[0093] Thus, the leakage within the housing assembly 21 is measured by the fluid measurement component 33. The flow rate and water mass of the experimental setup enable experimental apparatus 1 to analyze the specific components of the leaked mixture and to assess the specific properties of the leaked mixture. The flow rate and water quality are used to assess Risk of leakage from geological storage.

[0094] Stress loading mechanism 20 is adjusted , and The stress values ​​of experimental setup 1 can simulate various geostress environments. Regarding water leakage, the effects of different ground stresses and tectonic conditions on [the situation] were analyzed and compared. The impact of geological storage leakage is The geological storage leakage risk has been effectively mitigated by reliable technical support.

[0095] According to another aspect of this application, a Experimental Method for Geological Sequestration Leakage Risk Model (hereinafter referred to as the Experimental Method), the Experimental Method is based on the above... The experimental setup 1 for the geological storage leakage risk model was implemented, and the experimental method included the following steps: Step 1, preparation of rock sample 22.

[0096] Select a rock sample 22 that matches the target storage area. The reservoir 221 in the rock sample 22 is located above the caprock 222. Seal the reservoir 221 and the caprock 222 together, and seal the fracturing pipe 25 and the outlet pipe 26 to the rock sample 22 respectively. Immerse the rock sample 22 in water until it reaches a saturated state.

[0097] Step 2: Assemble the stress loading mechanism 20.

[0098] At least two first support components 211, at least two second support components 212, and at least two third support components 213 are arranged along mutually perpendicular first directions D1, second directions D2, and third directions D3 to form a shell assembly 21, which encloses the rock sample 22 inside the shell assembly 21. The first support components 211, second support components 212, and third support components 213 can be divided into n² corresponding first support members 2111, second support members 2121, and third support members 2131. The first sealing member 2112, second sealing member 2122, and third sealing member 2132 seal and connect the adjacent first support members 2111, second support members 2121, and third support members 2131, and seal and connect the shell assembly 21 to the rock sample 22.

[0099] Step 3: Calculate the stress value that needs to be applied to rock sample 22.

[0100] The calculation requires applying stress to the first support member 2111 along the first direction D1. The calculation requires applying stress to the second support member 2121 along the second direction D2. The calculation requires applying stress to the steel sheet of the third support component 213 along the third direction D3. .

[0101] in, , and The stress calculation formula is as follows: ; ; ; in, The stress value corresponding to the second support member 2121 of the i-th layer. The average density of rock sample 22 is given. The actual depth of the rock sample 22 corresponding to the second support member 2121 of the i-th layer. The structural stress coefficient, The vertical geostress at the reservoir depth 221 of the rock sample 22 is given. Let K be the stress value corresponding to the third support member 2131 of the i-th layer, and K be the horizontal stress coefficient. Additional term for regional background horizontal stress. Let be the stress value corresponding to the first support member 2111 in the j-th column of the i-th layer. v Poisson's ratio, Additional structural stress is applied to the first support member 2111 in the j-th column of the i-th layer.

[0102] Step 4: Apply stress to rock sample 22.

[0103] The housing assembly 21 is connected to the positioning assembly 24 via a pressurizing assembly 23, at least one pressurizing assembly 23 including... 231 pressure-applying components, Each pressurizing component 231 is electrically connected to the control component, which can apply pressure to the first support component 2111, the second support component 2121 and the third support component 2131 corresponding to the pressurizing component 231 in different directions and at different levels.

[0104] Step 5: Conduct experimental testing.

[0105] First, air is injected into the pressurization component 121 through the air supply component 11. This makes the pressurized Flow into storage component 122; when the contents of storage component 122 Once the preset high pressure is reached, the flow rate regulating component 124 is activated. The flow rate regulating component 124 cooperates with the deceleration component to reduce the high pressure. Adjust to the target injection pressure required for the experiment, and simultaneously inject into the housing assembly 21 via the temperature regulation component 13. Heating to a set temperature, the injection housing assembly 21 is monitored in real time using the first pressure monitoring component 311 and the first temperature monitoring component 321 at the fracturing tube 25. Pressure and temperature; after a period of time in the experiment. The mixture formed with water is discharged from the outlet pipe 26. The pressure and temperature of the mixture discharged from the shell assembly 21 are monitored in real time by the second pressure monitoring component 312 and the second temperature monitoring component 322 at the outlet pipe 26. After the discharged mixture is separated by the gas-liquid separation component 331, After being dried by the drying component 332, the flow rate of the water is measured by the gas measuring component 333, while the mass of the water is measured by the liquid measuring component 334.

[0106] Step 6: Test the effect of ground stress.

[0107] By adjusting , and The stress value is calculated, and steps 1 to 5 are repeated to simulate and compare the effects of different geostress and tectonic conditions on the stress. The impact of geological storage leaks.

[0108] According to this application Experimental method for geological storage leakage risk model, the experimental method is based on the above. The experimental device 1 for the geological storage leakage risk model was implemented. The experimental method included: Step 1, preparing rock sample 22; Step 2, assembling stress loading mechanism 20; Step 3, calculating the stress value to be applied to rock sample 22; Step 4, applying stress to rock sample 22; Step 5, conducting experimental tests; Step 6, testing the influence of geostress. Experimental apparatus 1 includes a stress loading mechanism 20, which comprises a shell assembly 21, a rock sample 22, and at least six pressure-applying components 23. The rock sample 22 is located inside the shell assembly 21, and the at least six pressure-applying components 23 are all located outside the shell assembly 21. The pressure-applying components 23 can apply stress to the rock sample 22 through the shell assembly 21. The shell assembly 21 includes at least two first support components 211 arranged opposite each other along a first direction D1, at least two second support components 212 arranged opposite each other along a second direction D2, and at least two third support components 213 arranged opposite each other along a third direction D3. The first direction D1, the second direction D2, and the third direction D3 are perpendicular to each other. The at least six pressure-applying components 23 correspond one-to-one with the two first support components 211, the at least two second support components 212, and the at least two third support components 213, respectively. The first support components 211 can be divided into A first support member 2111, and a second support assembly 212 capable of being divided into The second support member 2121 and the third support assembly 213 can be divided into A third support member 2131, where n is the number of equal divisions in a single dimension shared by the first support component 211, the second support component 212, and the third support component 213 when they are cut; stress is applied to the first support member 2111 along the first direction D1. Stress is applied to the second support member 2121 along the second direction D2. Stress is applied to the third support member 2131 along the third direction D3. Thus, the stress loading mechanism 20, through at least six pressurizing components 23 cooperating with the first support component 211, the second support component 212, and the third support component 213, can independently adjust the stress applied to any one of the first support components 2111 along the first direction D1. The stress applied to any one of the second support members 2121 along the second direction D2 and the stress applied by any third support member 2131 along the third direction D3 It can apply mutually perpendicular triaxial stresses to rock sample 22 to simulate the geostress environment; and by adjusting the size of the number of equal parts n and the stress values ​​applied to the first support member 2111, the second support member 2121, and the third support member 2131, it can simulate the changes in geostress at different depths. Furthermore, by simulating the stress distribution under different geological structural conditions such as faults and folds, it can analyze and compare the effects of different geostresses and structural conditions on the environment. The impact of geological storage leakage is The geological storage leakage risk has been effectively mitigated by reliable technical support.

[0109] Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for descriptive purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Terms such as “part” or “component” appearing herein can refer to a single part or a combination of multiple parts. Terms such as “installation” or “installation” appearing herein can refer to one component being directly attached to another component or one component being attached to another component via an intermediary. A feature described in one embodiment herein may be applied, alone or in combination with other features, to another embodiment, unless that feature is not applicable in that other embodiment or is otherwise stated.

[0110] This application has been described through the above embodiments; however, it should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit this application to the described embodiments. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that this application is not limited to the above embodiments, and many more variations and modifications can be made based on the teachings of this application, all of which fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A kind The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, The experimental apparatus includes a stress loading mechanism, which comprises a shell assembly, a rock sample, and at least six pressure-applying components. The rock sample is located inside the shell assembly, and the at least six pressure-applying components are located outside the shell assembly. The pressure-applying components are capable of applying stress to the rock sample through the shell assembly. The housing assembly includes at least two first support components arranged opposite each other along a first direction, at least two second support components arranged opposite each other along a second direction, and at least two third support components arranged opposite each other along a third direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. At least six pressurizing components correspond one-to-one with at least two first support components, at least two second support components, and at least two third support components. The first support component can be divided into A first support member, the second support assembly being capable of being divided into A second support member, the third support assembly being able to be divided into A third supporting component, n The number of equal divisions in a single dimension shared by the first support component, the second support component, and the third support component during cutting; stress is applied to the first support member along a first direction. Stress is applied to the second support member along the second direction. Stress is applied to the third support member along the third direction. .

2. As described in claim 1 The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, The first support assembly further includes a first sealing member, the second support assembly further includes a second sealing member, and the third support assembly further includes a third sealing member. The first sealing member is disposed around the first support member, and the first support member is sealed to the first sealing member. The second sealing member is disposed around the second support member, and the second support member is sealed to the second sealing member. The third sealing member is disposed around the third support member, and the third support member is sealed to the third sealing member; The first support member, the second support member, and the third support member are able to move relative to each other in two adjacent pairs.

3. As described in claim 2 The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, At least one of the pressurizing components includes A pressure-applying component, The pressurizing component is capable of... Each of the second support members corresponds to one of them, and the pressure-applying member can apply stress to the second support member. , The stress calculation formula is: ； The pressurizing component is capable of... Each of the aforementioned third support members corresponds to one of them, and the pressure-applying member is capable of applying stress to the third support member. , The stress calculation formula is: ； The pressurizing component is capable of... Each of the first support members corresponds to one of them, and the pressure-applying member can apply stress to the first support member. , The stress calculation formula is: ； in, Let be the stress value corresponding to the second support member of the i-th layer. Where is the average density of the rock sample, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. This represents the actual depth of the rock sample corresponding to the second support member in the i-th layer. The structural stress coefficient, The vertical geostress at the reservoir depth of the rock sample is given. Let K be the stress value corresponding to the third support member of the i-th layer, and K be the horizontal stress coefficient. Additional term for regional background horizontal stress. Let be the stress value corresponding to the first support member in the j-th column of the i-th layer. v Poisson's ratio, Additional stress is applied to the construction of the first support member in the j-th column of the i-th layer.

4. The method according to claim 3 The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, The stress loading mechanism further includes a positioning component and a control component. The housing component is connected to the positioning component through the pressurizing component. Each of the pressurizing components is electrically connected to the control component. The control component can control the pressurizing component to apply stress to the corresponding first support component, second support component and third support component in different directions step by step.

5. The method according to claim 1 The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, The rock sample includes a reservoir and a caprock, which are sealed together and both are sealed to the shell assembly. The caprock is located above the reservoir along a first direction, and water can circulate within the reservoir and the caprock.

6. The method according to claim 1 The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, The experimental apparatus also includes Injection mechanism, the The injection mechanism includes a gas supply component, a pressure regulating component, and a temperature regulating component. The pressure regulating component connects the gas supply component and the temperature regulating component, and the gas supply component delivers gas through the pressure regulating component. To the temperature regulating component, the The injection mechanism is connected to the rock sample via the temperature regulating component, which is capable of adjusting the temperature to... It is then transported into the rock sample.

7. The method according to claim 6 The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, The pressure regulating assembly includes a pressure boosting component and a storage component. The pressure boosting component connects the air supply assembly and the storage component. The pressure boosting component is used to regulate the pressure of the air supply. Pressurization is performed; the air supply assembly delivers... To the pressurizing member, so that the pressurized It can flow into the storage component.

8. The method according to claim 7 The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, The pressure regulating assembly further includes a pressure reducing component and a flow rate regulating component. The pressure reducing component connects the flow rate regulating component to the storage component. The flow rate regulating component and the storage component cooperate to ensure high pressure within the storage component. The pressure can be reduced to the target pressure required for the experiment.

9. The method according to claim 6 The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, The rock sample includes a reservoir and a caprock. The stress loading mechanism further includes a fracturing pipe and an outlet pipe, with the fracturing pipe and the outlet pipe spaced apart. One end of the fracturing pipe is inserted into the reservoir, and the other end is connected to the temperature control assembly, which is capable of controlling the temperature and pressure at a specific level. The material is transported to the rock sample; one end of the outlet pipe is inserted into the caprock, and the other end of the outlet pipe is used to discharge the contents of the housing assembly. A mixture formed with water.

10. The claim 9 The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, The experimental apparatus further includes a monitoring mechanism, which comprises a pressure monitoring component and a temperature monitoring component. The pressure monitoring component includes a first pressure monitoring member and a second pressure monitoring member, and the temperature monitoring component includes a first temperature monitoring member and a second temperature monitoring member. The first pressure monitoring member and the first temperature monitoring member are disposed on the fracturing tube to monitor the injected fluid in real time. The pressure and temperature; the second pressure monitoring component and the second temperature monitoring component are disposed in the outlet pipe to monitor the pressure and temperature of the mixture discharged from the outlet pipe in real time.

11. The claim 10 The experimental apparatus for modeling the leakage risk of geological storage is characterized by, The monitoring device further includes a fluid measurement component, which comprises a gas-liquid separation component, a drying component, a gas measurement component, and a liquid measurement component. The outlet pipe is connected to the gas-liquid separation component, which is used to remove the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the outlet pipe. Separate from water; The drying component and the gas measuring component are both located above the gas-liquid separation component, and the liquid measuring component is located below the gas-liquid separation component. It can move upwards to pass through the drying member and enter the gas measuring member, thereby measuring the leakage within the housing assembly. The flow rate allows water in the gas-liquid separation component to move downwards and flow into the liquid measuring component, thereby measuring the mass of water discharged from the housing assembly.

12. A kind Experimental method for geological storage leakage risk model, wherein the experimental method is performed according to any one of claims 1-11. The experimental setup for a geological storage leakage risk model is characterized by: The experimental method includes the following steps: Step 1, rock sample preparation; Select a rock sample that matches the target storage area, where the reservoir is located above the caprock. Seal the reservoir and caprock together, and seal the fracturing pipe and outlet pipe to the rock sample respectively. Immerse the rock sample in water until it reaches saturation. Step 2: Assemble the stress loading mechanism; At least two first support components, at least two second support components, and at least two third support components, respectively, form a shell assembly along mutually perpendicular first, second, and third directions, sealing the rock sample inside the shell assembly. Each of the first, second, and third support components can be divided into n² corresponding first, second, and third support members. Adjacent first, second, and third support members are sealed together by first, second, and third sealing members, thus sealing the shell assembly to the rock sample. Step 3: Calculate the stress value that needs to be applied to the rock sample; The calculation requires applying stress to the first support member along the first direction. The calculation requires applying stress to the second support member along the second direction. The calculation requires applying stress to the steel sheet of the third support component along the third direction. ; in, , and The stress calculation formula is as follows: ； ； ； in, Let be the stress value corresponding to the second support member of the i-th layer. Where is the average density of the rock sample, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. This represents the actual depth of the rock sample corresponding to the second support member in the i-th layer. The structural stress coefficient, The vertical geostress at the reservoir depth of the rock sample is given. Let K be the stress value corresponding to the third support member of the i-th layer, and K be the horizontal stress coefficient. Additional term for regional background horizontal stress. Let be the stress value corresponding to the first support member in the j-th column of the i-th layer. v Poisson's ratio, Additional stress is applied to the construction of the first support member in the j-th column of the i-th layer; Step 4: Apply stress to the rock sample; The housing assembly is connected to the positioning assembly via a pressurizing assembly, at least one of the pressurizing assemblies including... A pressure-applying component, Each pressurizing component is electrically connected to the control component, which can apply pressure to the first, second, and third support components corresponding to the pressurizing components in different directions and at different levels.

13. The method according to claim 12 The experimental method for geological storage leakage risk model is characterized by, The experimental method also includes the following steps: Step 5: Conduct experimental testing; First, inject air into the pressurization component through the air supply assembly. This makes the pressurized Flow into the storage component; when the storage component Once the preset high pressure is reached, the flow rate regulating component is activated. The flow rate regulating component works in conjunction with the deceleration component to reduce the high pressure. Adjust to the target injection pressure required for the experiment, and simultaneously inject into the housing assembly via the temperature control component. The system is heated to a set temperature, and the injection casing assembly is monitored in real time using the first pressure monitoring component and the first temperature monitoring component at the fracturing tube. Pressure and temperature; after a period of time in the experiment. The mixture formed with water is discharged from the outlet pipe. The pressure and temperature of the mixture discharged from the shell assembly are monitored in real time by a second pressure monitoring component and a second temperature monitoring component at the outlet pipe. After separation by a gas-liquid separation component, the discharged mixture... The upward-moving water is dried by the drying component, and the flow rate is measured by the gas measuring component; the downward-moving water is measured by the liquid measuring component. Step 6, test the effect of ground stress; By adjusting , and The stress value is calculated, and steps 1 to 5 are repeated to simulate and compare the effects of different geostress and tectonic conditions on the stress. The impact of geological storage leaks.

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