Calender for rolling web-type material with constant thickness and corresponding method

Abstract

The invention relates to a calender for rolling web-type material, comprising at least two rolls arranged parallel next to one another, forming a roll gap between the rolls, each roll having a roll body and a first bearing journal and a second bearing journal axially opposite the first bearing journal, the bearing journals support respective rollers, at least an inner bearing close to the roller body and an outer bearing far away from the roller body are respectively arranged on the first bearing journal of the first roller and the adjacent first bearing journal of the second roller, and the inner bearing and the outer bearing are axially arranged side by side; the inner bearings are arranged in a first bearing row, the outer bearings are arranged in a second bearing row, and the roll gap and / or roll-to-roll pre-tightening force is set through mutually aligned clamping of the inner bearings or mutually aligned clamping of the outer bearings, and through diagonal clamping of the inner bearings and the outer bearings. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a calender for rolling a materialbahn of constant thickness, the calender having at least two parallel rolls arranged side by side, forming a roll gap between the rolls, wherein each roll has a roll body and a first bearing journal and a second bearing journal axially opposite to the first bearing journal, the respective rolls being supported by these bearing journals, wherein at least on the first bearing journal of the first roll and the adjacent first bearing journal of the second roll, at least an inner bearing close to the roll body and an outer bearing away from the roll body are respectively provided, the inner bearing and the outer bearing being arranged axially side by side such that the inner bearing is arranged in a first bearing row and the outer bearing is arranged in a second bearing row. Background Technology

[0002] This type of calender is disclosed in publication DE 10 2019 135 524 A1. In this calender, the two bearings of one roll are cross-clamped with the two bearings of an adjacent roll, thereby clamping the two rolls together. The bearing of the second roll is then cross-clamped with the bearing of the next adjacent roll. The roll gap is controlled by controlling the tensile and compressive stresses of this clamping. Furthermore, the gap between the rolls is set by controlling the stroke of the preload force. This structure is relatively complex, prone to failure due to the high degree of interaction between the forces acting on the bearings, and requires significant technical investment in gap control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to further develop a calender and a corresponding method that are less complex in terms of gap control and less prone to failure.

[0004] This objective is achieved through the characteristics of the independent items. Advantageous technical solutions are provided by the respective subsidiary items.

[0005] Accordingly, the preload between the roll gap and / or rolls is set by means of mutual alignment and clamping of the inner bearings or the outer bearings, or by means of diagonal clamping of the inner and outer bearings. For the purposes of this application, a bearing is considered aligned if it is substantially opposite to the corresponding bearing of an adjacent roll. If a roll journal has a first inner bearing near the roll body and a second bearing axially arranged beside it and away from the roll body, and adjacent roll journals of adjacent rolls also have corresponding first inner bearings and second outer bearings, then the first bearings are substantially opposite to each other, and the second bearings are substantially opposite to each other. This can be applied to cases where any number of bearings are provided on each roll journal. Whether the bearings are directly opposite each other (i.e., strictly mathematically aligned) or have a certain axial offset and, for example, only partially overlap in the roll axial direction, is not important.

[0006] The advantage of this invention is that the bearings do not cross-preload, and the various control loops used to set the roll gap between the two rolls do not affect each other. The interaction occurs between the force, tension, or gap control force, and the pressure, or preload, of the web-type material, and is limited to the two rolls or one roll gap.

[0007] It can be configured such that: the web-shaped material is fed into the first roll gap in powder form, and is rolled into a web-shaped material with uniform thickness and width in the first roll gap or the downstream roll gap of the calender. The powder can be, for example, an electrode precursor material.

[0008] The calender can be configured such that it further comprises a third roll arranged parallel to the second roll, wherein an additional roll gap is formed between the second and third rolls. Corresponding to the first and / or second rolls, the third roll may have at least an inner bearing near the roll body and an outer bearing axially arranged beside the inner bearing and away from the roll body on its first bearing journal adjacent to the first bearing journal of the second roll, such that the inner bearing is located in the first bearing row and the outer bearing is located in the second bearing row. If there are more than two rolls, the pressure acting diagonally between the two bearing rows is directed only in the same direction or parallel to each other. In other words, it can be configured such that pressure is applied to only one side of each bearing, thereby achieving maximum force decoupling.

[0009] In particular, it can be set such that the force used for alignment clamping is opposite to the force used for diagonal clamping.

[0010] It can be configured to generate tensile stress between the aligned and clamped bearings. Further, it is conceivable that the roll gap can be set by adjusting the spacing of the aligned and clamped bearings. For this purpose, devices for generating tensile stress, such as pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, can be provided between the aligned and clamped bearings. Alternatively, it can be configured to generate compressive stress between the aligned and clamped bearings. In this case, it is conceivable to provide devices for generating compressive stress, such as pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, between the aligned and clamped bearings so that the roll gap can be set by adjusting the spacing of the aligned and clamped bearings.

[0011] Furthermore, it can be configured such that compressive stress is generated separately between the diagonally clamped bearings used to generate preload. For this purpose, devices for generating compressive stress, such as pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, can be provided separately between the diagonally clamped bearings used to generate preload. Alternatively, it can be configured such that tensile stress is generated separately between the diagonally clamped bearings used to generate preload. For this purpose, devices for generating tensile stress, such as pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, can be provided separately between the diagonally clamped bearings used to generate preload. In particular, it can be configured such that the diagonally clamped bearings are clamped in opposite directions relative to the aligned clamped bearings.

[0012] To establish a constant roll gap width between two adjacent rolls, the ratio between the clamping force of the web-shaped material acting in the roll gap, the tension or pressure of the bearings clamped together, and the tension or pressure of the bearings clamped diagonally can be controlled. For example, the tension or pressure of the bearings clamped diagonally can be constant, and the clamping force of the web-shaped material can be compensated solely by the tension or pressure that can be set by aligning and clamping the bearings.

[0013] Therefore, it can be configured such that tensile stress is generated between the inner bearings of the first roll and the second roll, and between the inner bearings of the second roll and the third roll; and compressive stress is generated between the inner bearings of the first roll and the outer bearings of the second roll, and between the inner bearings of the second roll and the outer bearings of the third roll. Alternatively, it can be configured such that compressive stress is generated between the inner bearings of the first roll and the second roll, and between the inner bearings of the second roll and the third roll; and tensile stress is generated between the inner bearings of the first roll and the outer bearings of the second roll, and between the inner bearings of the second roll and the outer bearings of the third roll.

[0014] The rolls can be supported on a frame and arranged on the frame in a manner that allows them to move relative to each other perpendicular to the axial direction. The frame may, for example, have two opposing guide rails on which the rolls or roll bearings can move horizontally perpendicular to the axial direction.

[0015] It can be configured such that at least one other third bearing is provided on the bearing journal of the roll, the third bearing being arranged axially outside the second bearing, so that the third bearing is arranged axially next to the second bearing row to form a third bearing row.

[0016] In this case, the bearings in two of the three bearing rows can be aligned and clamped together, while between two adjacent rolls, one bearing in the remaining non-aligned clamping bearing row can be diagonally clamped to the two aligned clamping bearings of the adjacent rolls.

[0017] It is also conceivable that the bearings of the first bearing column are aligned and clamped together, the bearings of the third bearing column are aligned and clamped together, and between two adjacent rolls, the middle bearing of the second column of one roll is diagonally clamped to the first and third bearings of the adjacent rolls respectively.

[0018] In addition, at least one other fourth bearing may be provided on the bearing journal of the roll, which is arranged axially outside the third bearing so that the fourth bearing is arranged next to the third bearing row to form a fourth bearing row.

[0019] If there are four bearings on each bearing journal, the bearings in two of the four bearing rows can be aligned and clamped together. Between two adjacent rolls, one bearing in the remaining first non-aligned clamping bearing row can be diagonally clamped to one bearing in the first aligned clamping bearing row of the adjacent roll. Furthermore, one bearing in the remaining second non-aligned clamping bearing row can be diagonally clamped to one bearing in the second aligned clamping bearing row of the adjacent roll.

[0020] In the first configuration, the bearings in the second bearing row can be aligned and clamped together, and the bearings in the fourth bearing row can be aligned and clamped together. Between two rolls, a bearing in the first bearing row of the first roll of an adjacent roll can be diagonally clamped with a bearing in the second bearing row of the adjacent roll; furthermore, a bearing in the third bearing row of the first roll of an adjacent roll can be diagonally clamped with a bearing in the fourth bearing row of the adjacent roll.

[0021] In the second configuration, the bearings in the first bearing row can be aligned and clamped together, and the bearings in the fourth bearing row can be aligned and clamped together. Furthermore, between two rolls, a bearing in the second bearing row of the first roll of an adjacent roll can be diagonally clamped to a bearing in the first bearing row of the adjacent roll, and a bearing in the third bearing row of the first adjacent roll can be diagonally clamped to a bearing in the fourth bearing row of the adjacent roll.

[0022] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling the slit width of a calender used to produce sheet material of constant thickness, preferably using a calender as described in any of the preceding claims, the method comprising the following steps: A calender is provided having at least two parallel rolls arranged side-by-side, forming a roll gap between them. Each roll has a roll body, a first bearing journal, and a second bearing journal axially opposite to the first bearing journal, by which the respective roll is supported. At least on the first bearing journal of the first roll and the adjacent first bearing journal of the second roll, there are at least two inner bearings, one close to the roll body and the other outer bearing, arranged axially side by side, such that the inner bearings are arranged in a first bearing row and the outer bearings are arranged in a second bearing row. On the one hand, the inner or outer bearings are aligned and clamped together; on the other hand, the inner and outer bearings are clamped diagonally, thereby setting the roll gap width and / or the preload between the rolls. Rolling wide-format materials in the roll gap; The clamping force of the sheet material acting in the gap is measured, and the preload of the bearings clamped together and / or the bearings clamped diagonally is set based on the measured clamping force of the sheet material, thereby controlling a constant roll gap width.

[0023] It can be configured such that the control of a constant roll gap width includes setting the preload of the bearings clamped together in alignment based on the measured clamping force of the sheet material, wherein the preload of the bearings clamped diagonally is constant. In this case, it is conceivable that tension is generated between the bearings clamped together in alignment, and pressure is generated between the bearings clamped diagonally. Alternatively, it is conceivable that pressure is generated between the bearings clamped together in alignment, and tension is generated between the bearings clamped diagonally.

[0024] At least one other third bearing may be provided on the first bearing journal of the roll, the third bearing being arranged axially outside the second bearing, so that the third bearing is arranged axially next to the second bearing row to form a third bearing row.

[0025] The method further includes aligning and clamping the bearings of two of the three bearing rows, and diagonally clamping one bearing of the remaining unaligned clamped bearing row to the two aligned clamped bearings of the adjacent roll.

[0026] The method can further align and clamp the bearings of the first bearing column with each other, align and clamp the bearings of the third bearing column with each other, and between the two rolls, clamp one bearing of the second bearing column diagonally with the bearings of the first and third bearing columns of the adjacent rolls respectively.

[0027] In addition, at least one other fourth bearing may be provided on the first bearing journal of the roll, which is arranged axially outside the third bearing so that the fourth bearing is arranged next to the third bearing row to form a fourth bearing row.

[0028] Furthermore, the bearings in two of the four bearing rows can be aligned and clamped, and one bearing in one of the remaining unaligned clamped bearing rows can be diagonally clamped to the first aligned clamped bearing of the adjacent roll. It can be further configured such that one bearing in the other remaining unaligned clamped bearing row is diagonally clamped to the second aligned clamped bearing of the adjacent roll.

[0029] In a first configuration, the method may further include aligning and clamping the bearings of the second bearing row with each other, and aligning and clamping the bearings of the fourth bearing row with each other. Additionally, a bearing in the first bearing row of the first roll of an adjacent roll may be diagonally clamped to a bearing in the second bearing row of the adjacent roll, and a bearing in the third bearing row of the first roll of an adjacent roll may be diagonally clamped to a bearing in the fourth bearing row of the adjacent roll.

[0030] As an alternative, in a second configuration, the method may further include aligning and clamping the bearings of the first bearing column with each other, and aligning and clamping the bearings of the fourth bearing column with each other. For this purpose, a bearing in the second bearing column of the first roll in an adjacent roll may be diagonally clamped to a bearing in the first bearing column of the adjacent roll, and a bearing in the third bearing column of the first roll in an adjacent roll may be diagonally clamped to a bearing in the fourth bearing column of the adjacent roll.

[0031] The calender can be configured such that it has a third roll arranged parallel to the second roll, wherein another roll gap is formed between the second roll and the third roll. Furthermore, the third roll may have at least an inner bearing near the roll body and an outer bearing axially arranged beside the inner bearing and away from the roll body on its first bearing journal adjacent to the first bearing journal of the second roll, such that the inner bearing is located in the first bearing row and the outer bearing is located in the second bearing row. Additionally, the method may include the following steps: Adjacent rolls are driven in opposite directions and / or the web-shaped material is guided through the first roll gap and the second roll gap in sequence. By driving the rolls in opposite directions, the material to be rolled can be fed into the first roll gap in the first direction, and then the produced web-shaped material rotates around the intermediate roll as the rolls rotate, for example, and passes through the second roll gap in the opposite direction to the first direction.

[0032] The third roll may be configured such that it further has a third bearing on the first roll journal, the third bearing being axially arranged next to the second bearing on the side away from the roll body and located in the third bearing row. Furthermore, the third roll may also have a fourth bearing on the first roll journal, the fourth bearing being axially arranged next to the third bearing on the side away from the roll body and located in the fourth bearing row. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Further features of the invention will be described with reference to the following figures. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a conventional calender in the prior art, showing the force flow when the rolls are clamped together by two bearings; Figure 2 The image shows a top view of a calender according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The calender has three rolls, each roll has two bearings, and a force acting on the bearings. Figure 3 The following is a top view of a calender according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The calender has three rolls, each roll has three bearings, and forces acting on the bearings. Figure 4 The calender according to the third embodiment of the present invention is a top view of a calender having three rolls, each roll having four bearings, and forces acting on the bearings; Figure 5 The following is a top view of a calender according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The calender has three rolls, each roll has four bearings, and forces acting on the bearings. Figure 6 The present invention is a top view of a calender according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The calender has three rolls, each roll has four bearings, and forces acting on the bearings. Figure 7 The image shows a top view of a calender according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The calender has three rolls, each roll has two bearings, and a force acting on the bearings. Figure 8 The image shows a top view of a calender according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. The calender has three rolls, each roll has three bearings, and forces acting on the bearings. Figure 9 The present invention is a top view of a calender according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention, which has three rolls, each roll having four bearings, and forces acting on the bearings; Figure 10 The present invention is a top view of a calender according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. The calender has three rolls, each roll has four bearings, and forces acting on the bearings. Figure 11 The image shows a top view of a calender according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. The calender has three rolls, each roll has four bearings, and forces acting on the bearings. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Figure 1A conventional calender 1 in the prior art is shown, which has three parallel rolls 3 arranged side by side, with a roll gap 4, 4.2 between each pair of rolls. Each roll 3 has a roll body 5 and first and second bearing journals 6, 7, with the second bearing journals axially opposite to the first bearing journals, supporting their respective rolls 3. Inner bearings 8 are located near the roll body 5, and outer bearings 9 are located away from the roll body 5, respectively. The bearings 8 and 9 are arranged axially side by side, with the inner bearings 8 arranged in a first bearing row A and the outer bearings 9 arranged in a second bearing row B. The rolls are clamped together by cross-clamping the two bearings 8, 9 of one roll 3 with the two bearings 8, 9 of the adjacent roll 3. The bearings 8, 9 of the second roll 3 are also cross-clamped with the bearings 8, 9 of the next adjacent roll 3. As shown, on the lower roll journal 6, the inner bearing 8 of the left roll 3 is clamped to the outer bearing 9 of the roll 3 located to the right of the left roll 3 by compressive stress. Simultaneously, the outer bearing 9 of the left roll 3 clamps against the inner bearing 8 of the roll 3 located to the right of the left roll 3 through tensile stress. Therefore, to control the preload provided in each roll gap 4, 4.2, or within the roll gap, a large number of forces must be considered, or rather, there must be significant interaction between these forces. Further consideration must be given to the forces generated in the roll gaps 4, 4.2 due to the rolling of the slab material 2. Consequently, this structure is relatively complex, prone to failure due to the high degree of interaction between the forces acting on the bearings, and requires significant technical investment in gap control.

[0035] Figure 2 A first embodiment of the calender 1 according to the present invention is shown. In this arrangement, each roll 3 is equipped with two bearings 8 and 9 on its roll journals 6 and 7. The figure shows an example of rolling a web-type material 2, in which the web-type material is rolled in a roll gap 4, and a clamping force F is applied to that roll gap. P The same applies when the sheet material 2 passes through the second roll gap 4.2 (not shown). As shown, the inner bearings 8 are aligned with each other (i.e., located in column A) and clamped together, where tensile stress F is generated between each bearing 8. Z On the other hand, the inner bearing 8 of the left roll 3 is subjected to compressive stress F. D The outer bearing 9 of the intermediate roll 3 is diagonally clamped to the inner bearing 8 of the intermediate roll 3 through the compressive stress F. D The outer bearing 9 of the right roll 3 is diagonally clamped to the left roll 3. The outer bearing 9 of the left roll 3 does not bear any force from the middle roll 3. A corresponding arrangement (not shown) is provided on the opposite roll journal 7. The force F is transmitted through the inner bearing 8. ZThe roll spacing is set to counteract the forces on the web-type material. The preload between the left roll 3 and the middle roll 3 is generated by a hydraulic cylinder (not shown) between the inner bearing 8 of the left roll 3 and the outer bearing 9 of the middle roll. A corresponding arrangement is provided between the middle roll and the right roll 3. The bearing bearing that bears the compressive stress always bears the compressive stress F on only one side. D This achieves maximum force decoupling. The inner bearing 8 of the left roll 3 and the inner bearing 8 of the middle roll 3 are pressured only from the right, while the outer bearing 9 of the middle roll 3 and the outer bearing 9 of the right roll 3 are correspondingly pressured only from the left. This means that preload is not generated in an interleaved manner, so the individual control loops of different rolls do not affect each other. The interaction occurs only with the force F of the web-type material. P Tensile stress F Z Or, to put it another way, gap control and compressive stress F D Or, in other words, the preload is limited to two rolls 3 or one roll gap 4, 4.2. The preload is controlled by operating the preload under constant force conditions and by controlling F through the gap. Z To compensate for the force F of the sheet material 2 P This can further reduce complexity. This allows for the production of sheet materials with a constant thickness.

[0036] Figure 3 The second embodiment of the present invention shown is... Figure 1 The layout differs fundamentally in that each roll journal 6 and 7 has three bearings 8, 9, and 10, forming a different clamping configuration. Specifically, it forms an inner bearing row A, a middle bearing row B, and an outer bearing row C. In this three-bearing configuration, clamping is achieved by aligning the outer bearings with the inner bearings 8 and 10, or with bearing rows A and C (tension F). Z This is used to control the gap force or gap width. The intermediate bearing 9 is connected to the outer and inner bearings 8 and 10 of the adjacent rolls on one side (the left side shown in the diagram), respectively, and generates a preload (pressure F) relative to these bearings. D The intermediate bearing 9 of the left roll 3 does not bear any force applied by the intermediate roll 3. A bearing subjected to compressive stress always bears only the compressive stress F on one side. D This achieves maximum force decoupling. The inner bearing 8 and outer bearing 10 of the left and middle rolls 3 are pressured only from the right side, while the intermediate bearing 9 of the middle and right rolls 3 is correspondingly pressured only from the left side. The three-bearing arrangement causes imbalance at roll journals 6 and 7 because two bearings 8 and 10 are preloaded in one direction, while one bearing 9 is preloaded in the opposite direction. This results in an additional load on the intermediate bearing 9. To avoid this additional load, a four-bearing or multi-bearing arrangement can be used.

[0037] Figure 4 and Figure 5The third and fourth embodiments of the invention are shown, which have a four-bearing layout, i.e., each bearing journal 6, 7 has four bearings 8, 9, 10, 11 arranged axially side by side, wherein the inner bearing 8 is arranged as the first bearing row A, the second bearing 9 starting from the inside is arranged as the second bearing row B, the third bearing 10 starting from the inside is arranged as the third bearing row 10, and the outer bearing (i.e., the fourth bearing starting from the inside) 11 is arranged as the bearing row D. The difference between the third and fourth embodiments is that the bearings 8, 9, 10, 11 form another clamping configuration. In the third embodiment, bearing rows B and D are aligned and clamped (tension F). Z On the other hand, the first bearing 8 is subjected to pressure F. D The second bearing 9 of the adjacent left-side roll 3 is preloaded diagonally, and the third bearing 10 is subjected to pressure F. D The fourth bearing 11 of the adjacent left-side roll 3 is preloaded diagonally. The first and third bearings 8 and 10 of the left-side roll 3 do not bear this force. Bearings subjected to compressive stress always bear compressive stress F on only one side. D This achieves maximum force decoupling. The second bearing 9 and outer bearing 11 of the left roll and the middle roll 3 are subjected to pressure only from the right side, while the first bearing 8 and third bearing 10 of the middle roll and the right roll 3 are subjected to pressure only from the left side.

[0038] On the other hand, in the fourth embodiment ( Figure 5 The first bearing row A and the fourth bearing row D are aligned and clamped together (tension F). Z The second bearing 9 of roll 3 is clamped to the first bearing 8 of roll 3 located to its left, and the third bearing 10 of roll 3 is clamped to the fourth bearing 11 of roll 3 located to its left (pressure F). D A bearing subjected to compressive stress always bears compressive stress F on only one side. D This achieves maximum force decoupling. The first bearing 8 and the fourth bearing 11 of the left roll and the middle roll 3 are pressured only from the right side, while the second bearing 9 and the third bearing 10 of the middle roll and the right roll 3 are correspondingly pressured only from the left side. The advantage of the fourth embodiment is that, due to the aforementioned pressure F... D The bearings cancel each other out in the axial direction X, so the preload in the axial direction X is zero. These bearing arrangements are suitable for situations where there is any number of bearings on each roll journal, and also for rolling mills with any number of rolls.

[0039] Figure 6 This illustrates a fifth embodiment of the invention, which is related to... Figure 5The difference in the fourth embodiment is only that, relative to the inner and outer bearings 8 and 11 of adjacent rolls, the bearing 8 of the intermediate roll 3 moves axially inward, and the bearing 11 of the intermediate roll 3 moves axially outward. Nevertheless, for the purposes of this application, the bearings 8 of the first bearing row A and the bearings 11 of the fourth bearing row D are still aligned with each other because these bearings are substantially opposite to each other and functionally correspond to one another. Accordingly, the bearings 8 of bearing row A and the bearings 11 of bearing row D are aligned and clamped together.

[0040] Figure 7 The figure illustrates a sixth embodiment of the calender 1 according to the present invention. In this arrangement, each roll 3 is equipped with two bearings 8 and 9 on its roll journals 6 and 7. The figure shows an example of rolling a web-type material 2, in which the web-type material is rolled in a roll gap 4, and a clamping force F is applied to that roll gap. P The same applies when the sheet material 2 passes through the second roll gap 4.2 (not shown). As shown, the inner bearings 8 are aligned with each other (i.e., located in column A) and clamped together, wherein a compressive stress F is generated between each bearing 8. D On the other hand, the inner bearing 8 of the left roll 3 is subjected to tensile stress F. Z The outer bearing 9 of the intermediate roll 3 is diagonally clamped to the inner bearing 8 of the intermediate roll 3 through tensile stress F. Z The outer bearing 9 of the right roll 3 is diagonally clamped to the left roll 3. The outer bearing 9 of the left roll 3 does not bear any force from the middle roll 3. A corresponding arrangement (not shown) is provided on the opposite roll journal 7. The force F is transmitted through the inner bearing 8. D The roll spacing is set to counteract the forces on the web-type material. The preload between the left roll 3 and the middle roll 3 is generated by a hydraulic cylinder (not shown) between the inner bearing 8 of the left roll 3 and the outer bearing 9 of the middle roll. A corresponding arrangement is provided between the middle roll and the right roll 3. The bearing bearing that bears tensile stress always bears only the tensile stress F on one side. Z This achieves maximum force decoupling. The inner bearing 8 of the left roll 3 and the inner bearing 8 of the middle roll 3 are subjected to tension only from the right, while the outer bearing 9 of the middle roll 3 and the outer bearing 9 of the right roll 3 are correspondingly subjected to tension only from the left. This means that preload is not generated in an interleaved manner, so the individual control loops of different rolls do not affect each other. The interaction occurs only with the force F of the web-type material. P Compressive stress F D Or, to put it another way, gap control and tensile stress F Z Or, in other words, the preload is limited to two rolls 3 or one roll gap 4, 4.2. The preload is controlled by operating the preload under constant force conditions and by controlling F through the gap. D To compensate for the force F of the sheet material 2 P This can further reduce complexity. This allows for the production of sheet materials with a constant thickness.

[0041] Figure 8 The seventh embodiment of the present invention shown is the same as Figure 1 The layout differs fundamentally in that each roll journal 6 and 7 has three bearings 8, 9, and 10, forming a different clamping configuration. Specifically, it forms an inner bearing row A, an intermediate bearing row B, and an outer bearing row C. In this three-bearing configuration, clamping is achieved by aligning the outer bearings with the inner bearings 8 and 10, or with bearing rows A and C (pressure F). D This is used to control the gap force or gap width. The intermediate bearing 9 is connected to the outer and inner bearings 8 and 10 of the adjacent rolls on one side (the left side shown in the diagram), respectively, and generates a preload (tension F) relative to these bearings. Z The intermediate bearing 9 of the left roll 3 does not bear any force applied by the intermediate roll 3. A bearing subjected to tensile stress always bears only the tensile stress F on one side. Z This achieves maximum force decoupling. The inner bearing 8 and outer bearing 10 of the left roll and the middle roll 3 are subjected to tension only from the right side, while the intermediate bearing 9 of the middle roll and the right roll 3 are correspondingly subjected to tension only from the left side. The three-bearing layout will cause an imbalance at the roll journals 6 and 7 because two bearings 8 and 10 are preloaded in one direction, while one bearing 9 is preloaded in the opposite direction. This will cause the intermediate bearing 9 to be subjected to additional load. To avoid this additional load, a four-bearing or multi-bearing layout can be used.

[0042] Figure 9 and Figure 10 The eighth and ninth embodiments of the invention are shown, which have a four-bearing layout, i.e., each bearing journal 6, 7 has four bearings 8, 9, 10, 11 arranged axially side by side, wherein the inner bearing 8 is arranged as the first bearing row A, the second bearing 9 starting from the inside is arranged as the second bearing row B, the third bearing 10 starting from the inside is arranged as the third bearing row 10, and the outer bearing (i.e., the fourth bearing starting from the inside) 11 is arranged as the bearing row D. The difference between the eighth and ninth embodiments is that the bearings 8, 9, 10, 11 form another clamping configuration. In the eighth embodiment, bearing rows B and D are aligned and clamped (pressure F). D On the other hand, the first bearing 8 is subjected to tensile force F. Z The second bearing 9 of the adjacent left-side roll 3 is preloaded diagonally, and the third bearing 10 is subjected to tension F. Z The fourth bearing 11 of the adjacent left-side roll 3 is preloaded diagonally. The first and third bearings 8 and 10 of the left-side roll 3 do not bear this force. Bearings subjected to tensile stress always bear tensile stress F on only one side. ZThis achieves maximum force decoupling. The second bearing 9 and outer bearing 11 of the left roll and the middle roll 3 are subjected to tension only from the right side, while the first bearing 8 and third bearing 10 of the middle roll and the right roll 3 are subjected to tension only from the left side.

[0043] On the other hand, in the ninth embodiment ( Figure 10 The first bearing row A and the fourth bearing row D are aligned and clamped together (pressure F). D The second bearing 9 of roll 3 is clamped to the first bearing 8 of roll 3 located to its left, and the third bearing 10 of roll 3 is clamped to the fourth bearing 11 of roll 3 located to its left (tension F). Z A bearing subjected to tensile stress always bears tensile stress F on only one side. Z This achieves maximum force decoupling. The first bearing 8 and the fourth bearing 11 of the left roll and the middle roll 3 are subjected to tension only from the right side, while the second bearing 9 and the third bearing 10 of the middle roll and the right roll 3 are correspondingly subjected to tension only from the left side. The advantage of the ninth embodiment is that, due to the aforementioned tension F... Z The bearings cancel each other out in the axial direction X, so the preload in the axial direction X is zero. These bearing arrangements are suitable for situations where there is any number of bearings on each roll journal, and also for rolling mills with any number of rolls.

[0044] Figure 11 This illustrates a tenth embodiment of the present invention, which is similar to... Figure 10 The difference in the ninth embodiment is only that, relative to the inner and outer bearings 8 and 11 of adjacent rolls, the bearing 8 of the intermediate roll 3 moves axially inward, and the bearing 11 of the intermediate roll 3 moves axially outward. Nevertheless, for the purposes of this application, the bearings 8 of the first bearing row A and the bearings 11 of the fourth bearing row D are still aligned with each other because these bearings are substantially opposite to each other and functionally correspond to one another. Accordingly, the bearings 8 of bearing row A and the bearings 11 of bearing row D are aligned and clamped together.

[0045] The features of the present invention disclosed in the foregoing specification, drawings and claims can be used individually or in any combination to implement the present invention. Figure Labels 1: Calendering machine 2: Sheet-sized materials 3: Rolls 4: Roller gap 4.2: Second roll gap 5: Roller body 6: First bearing journal 7: Second bearing journal 8: Inner (First) Bearing 9: External (Second) Bearing 10: Third bearing 11: Fourth bearing A: First bearing row B: Second bearing row C: Third bearing column D: Fourth bearing column F D Compressive stress F Z Tensile stress F P Compressive force of sheet material X: Axial direction

Claims

1. A calender (1) for rolling a sheet material (2) of constant thickness, the calender having at least two parallel rolls (3) arranged side by side, a roll gap (4) formed between the rolls, wherein each roll (3) has a roll body (5) and a first bearing journal and a second bearing journal (6, 7), the second bearing journal being axially opposite to the first bearing journal, and the respective roll (3) being supported by the bearing journal. At least on the first bearing journal (6) of the first roll (3) and the adjacent first bearing journal (6) of the second roll (3), there are at least two inner bearings (8) near the roll body (5) and outer bearings (9) away from the roll body (5), respectively. The inner bearings and the outer bearings are arranged axially side by side, such that the inner bearings (8) are arranged in a first bearing row (A) and the outer bearings (9) are arranged in a second bearing row (B). Its features are, The setting of the preload between the roll gap (4) and / or the roll (3) is achieved on the one hand by aligning and clamping the inner bearings (8) with each other or by aligning and clamping the outer bearings (9) with each other, and on the other hand by diagonally clamping the inner bearings (8) and the outer bearings (9).

2. The calender (1) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a third roll (3) arranged parallel to the second roll (3), wherein an additional roll gap (4) is formed between the second roll and the third roll (3), wherein the third roll (3) has at least an inner bearing (8) near the roll body (5) and an outer bearing (9) axially arranged next to the inner bearing and away from the roll body (5) on its first bearing journal (6) adjacent to the first bearing journal (6) of the second roll (3), such that the inner bearing (8) is located in the first bearing row (A) and the outer bearing (9) is located in the second bearing row (B).

3. The calender as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the force for the alignment clamping is opposite to the force for the diagonal clamping.

4. The calender as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein tensile stress or compressive stress (F) is generated between the aligned and clamped bearings (8, 9). Z F D ).

5. The calender as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the roll gap (4) can be set by adjusting the spacing of the bearings (8, 9) that are aligned and clamped together.

6. The calender (1) as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein a method for generating tensile or compressive stress (F) is provided between the mutually aligned and clamped bearings (8, 9). Z F D Device (12), such as a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

7. The calender (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein compressive stress or tensile stress (F) is generated between the diagonal clamping bearings (8, 9) for generating preload. Z F D The diagonally clamped bearings (8, 9) are clamped in opposite directions relative to the aligned clamped bearings (8, 9).

8. The calender (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein a preload is provided between the diagonal clamping bearings (8, 9) for generating tensile or compressive stress (F). D Device (13), such as a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

9. The calender (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in order to establish a constant roll gap width between two adjacent rolls (3), the clamping force (F) acting on the web-type material (2) in the roll gap (4) is... P The preload (F) of the bearings that are aligned and clamped together. Z The preload force (F) of the bearings (3) that are diagonally clamped together with each other. D The ratio between ) is controlled.

10. The calender (1) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the preload (F) of the bearings (3) clamped diagonally against each other is... D The compressive force (F) of the sheet material (2) is constant. P The preload (F) can be set by the alignment clamping bearings (8, 9). Z )compensate.

11. The calender (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein tensile or compressive stress (F) is generated between the inner bearing (8) of the first roll (3) and the inner bearing (8) of the second roll (3) and between the inner bearing (8) of the second roll (3) and the inner bearing (3) of the third roll (3). Z ), and tensile or compressive stress (F) is generated between the inner bearing (8) of the first roll (3) and the outer bearing (9) of the second roll (3). D ), and tensile or compressive stress (F) is generated between the inner bearing (8) of the second roll (3) and the outer bearing (9) of the third roll (3). D ).

12. The calender (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the rolls (3) are supported on the frame (14) and arranged to be movable relative to each other perpendicular to the axial direction (X).

13. The rolling mill (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least one other third bearing (10) is provided on the bearing journals (6, 7) of the rolls, the third bearing being arranged axially outside the second bearing (9) such that the third bearing (10) is arranged axially next to the second bearing row (B) as a third bearing row (C).

14. The calender as claimed in claim 13, wherein the bearings (8, 9, 10) of two of the three bearing rows (A, B, C) are aligned and clamped together, wherein between two adjacent rolls (3), one of the remaining non-aligned clamping bearing rows (A, B, C) (8, 9, 10) is diagonally clamped to the two aligned clamping bearings (8, 9, 10) of the adjacent rolls (3).

15. The calender (1) as claimed in claim 14, wherein the bearings (8) of the first bearing row (A) are aligned and clamped together, the bearings (10) of the third bearing row (C) are aligned and clamped together, and between two adjacent rolls (3), the intermediate bearing (9) of the second row (B) of one roll (3) is diagonally clamped to the first and third bearings (8, 10) of the adjacent rolls (3), respectively.

16. The rolling mill (1) according to any one of claims 14 to 15, wherein at least one other fourth bearing (11) is provided on the bearing journals (6, 7) of the roll (3), the fourth bearing being arranged axially outside the third bearing (10) such that the fourth bearing (11) is arranged as a fourth bearing row (D) next to the third bearing row (C).

17. The calender (1) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the bearings (8, 9, 10, 11) of two of the four bearing rows (A, B, C, D) are aligned and clamped together, wherein between two adjacent rolls (3), one bearing (8, 9, 10, 11) of the remaining first non-aligned clamping bearing row (A, B, C, D) is diagonally clamped to one bearing (8, 9, 10, 11) of the first aligned clamping bearing row (A, B, C, D) of the adjacent roll (3), and one bearing (8, 9, 10, 11) of the remaining second non-aligned clamping bearing row (A, B, C, D) is diagonally clamped to one bearing (8, 9, 10, 11) of the second aligned clamping bearing row (A, B, C, D) of the adjacent roll (3).

18. The calender (1) as claimed in claim 17, wherein the bearings (9) of the second bearing row (B) are aligned and clamped together, the bearings (11) of the fourth bearing row (D) are aligned and clamped together, and between two rolls (3), a bearing (8) of the first bearing row (A) of the first roll of the adjacent roll (3) is diagonally clamped to a bearing (9) of the second bearing row (B) of the adjacent roll (3), and a bearing (10) of the third bearing row (C) of the first roll of the adjacent roll (3) is diagonally clamped to a bearing (11) of the fourth bearing row (D) of the adjacent roll (3).

19. The calender (1) as claimed in claim 17, wherein the bearings (8) of the first bearing row (A) are aligned and clamped together, the bearings (11) of the fourth bearing row (D) are aligned and clamped together, and between two rolls (3), a bearing (9) of the second bearing row (B) of the first roll of the adjacent roll (3) is diagonally clamped to a bearing (8) of the first bearing row (A) of the adjacent roll (3), and a bearing (10) of the third bearing row (C) of the first adjacent roll (3) is diagonally clamped to a bearing (11) of the fourth bearing row (D) of the adjacent roll (3).

20. A method for controlling the gap width of a calender (1) for producing sheet material (2) of constant thickness, preferably using a calender (1) as described in any one of claims 1 to 19 to carry out the method, the method comprising the following steps: A calender (1) is provided, the calender having at least two parallel rolls (3) arranged side by side, a roll gap (4) being formed between the rolls, wherein each roll (3) has a roll body (5) and a first bearing journal and a second bearing journal (6, 7), the second bearing journal being axially opposite to the first bearing journal, and the respective roll (3) being supported by the bearing journal. At least on the first bearing journal (6) of the first roll (3) and the adjacent first bearing journal (6) of the second roll (3), there are at least two inner bearings (8) near the roll body (5) and outer bearings (9) away from the roll body (5), respectively. The inner bearings and the outer bearings are arranged axially side by side, such that the inner bearings (8) are arranged in a first bearing row (A) and the outer bearings (9) are arranged in a second bearing row (B). On the one hand, the inner bearing (8) or the outer bearing (9) is aligned and clamped together, and on the other hand, the inner bearing (8) and the outer bearing (9) are clamped diagonally, thereby setting the roll gap width and / or the preload between the rolls (3); The sectional material (2) is rolled in the roll gap (4); The clamping force (F) of the sheet material (2) acting in the gap is measured. P According to the measured clamping force (F) of the sheet material (2), P To set the preload (F) of the mutually aligned and clamped bearings (8, 9). Z The preload force (F) of the bearings (8, 9) that are diagonally clamped together with each other. D This allows for the control of a constant roll gap width.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein controlling the constant roll gap width includes adjusting the clamping force (F) of the measured sheet material (2). p To set the preload (F) of the mutually aligned and clamped bearings (8, 9). Z ), wherein the preload (F) of the bearings (8, 9) that are diagonally clamped together is D () is constant.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein a tensile or compressive force (F) is generated between the mutually aligned and clamped bearings (8, 9). Z ), and generates tension or pressure (F) between the bearings (8, 9) that are diagonally clamped together. D The diagonally clamped bearings (8, 9) are clamped in opposite directions relative to the aligned clamped bearings (8, 9).

23. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein at least one other third bearing (10) is provided on the first bearing journal (6) of the roll (3), the third bearing being arranged axially outside the second bearing (9) such that the third bearing (10) is arranged axially next to the second bearing row (B) as a third bearing row (C).

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising aligning and clamping the bearings (8, 9, 10) of two of the three bearing rows (A, B, C), and diagonally clamping one of the remaining unaligned clamped bearing rows (A, B, C) with two aligned clamped bearings (8, 9, 10) of the adjacent roll (3).

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the bearings (8) of the first bearing row (A) are aligned and clamped together, the bearings (10) of the third bearing row (C) are aligned and clamped together, and between the two rolls (3), a bearing (9) of the second bearing row (B) is diagonally clamped to the bearings (8, 10) of the first and third bearing rows (A, C) of the adjacent rolls (3).

26. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 25, wherein at least one other fourth bearing (11) is further provided on the first bearing journal (6) of the roll (3), the fourth bearing being arranged axially outside the third bearing (10) such that the fourth bearing (11) is arranged as a fourth bearing row (D) next to the third bearing row (C).

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising aligning and clamping bearings (8, 9, 10, 11) of two of the four bearing rows (A, B, C, D), and diagonally clamping one bearing (8, 9, 10, 11) of one of the remaining unaligned clamped bearing rows (A, B, C, D) to a first aligned clamped bearing (8, 9, 10, 11) of an adjacent roll, and diagonally clamping one bearing (8, 9, 10, 11) of another remaining unaligned clamped bearing row (A, B, C, D) to a second aligned clamped bearing (8, 9, 10, 11) of an adjacent roll (3).

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising aligning and clamping the bearings (9) of the second bearing row (B) with each other, and aligning and clamping the bearings (11) of the fourth bearing row (D) with each other, and respectively aligning and clamping a bearing (8) of the first bearing row (A) of the first roll of the adjacent roll (3) diagonally with a bearing (9) of the second bearing row (B) of the adjacent roll (3), and respectively aligning a bearing (10) of the third bearing row (C) of the first roll of the adjacent roll (3) diagonally with a bearing (11) of the fourth bearing row (D) of the adjacent roll (3).

29. The method of claim 27, further comprising aligning and clamping the bearings (8) of the first bearing row (A) with each other, and aligning and clamping the bearings (11) of the fourth bearing row (D) with each other, and respectively aligning and clamping a bearing (9) of the second bearing row (B) of the first roll in the adjacent rolls (3) diagonally with a bearing (8) of the first bearing row (A) of the adjacent rolls (3), and respectively aligning a bearing (10) of the third bearing row (C) of the first roll in the adjacent rolls (3) diagonally with a bearing (11) of the fourth bearing row (D) of the adjacent rolls (3).

30. The method of any one of claims 20 to 29, wherein the calender (1) has a third roll (3) arranged parallel to the second roll (3), wherein an additional roll gap (4.2) is formed between the second roll and the third roll (3), wherein the third roll (3) has at least an inner bearing (8) near the roll body (5) and an outer bearing (9) axially arranged next to the inner bearing and away from the roll body (5) on its first bearing journal (6) adjacent to the first bearing journal (6) of the second roll (3), such that the inner bearing (8) is located in the first bearing row (A) and the outer bearing (9) is located in the second bearing row (B), wherein the method further comprises the following steps; Drive adjacent rolls (3) in opposite directions; The guide material (2) passes through the first roll gap (4) and the second roll gap (4.2) in sequence.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the third roll (3) further has a third bearing (11) on the first roll journal, the third bearing being arranged axially next to the second bearing (10) on the side away from the roll body (5) and located in the third bearing row (C).

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the third roll (3) further has a fourth bearing (11) on the first roll journal, the fourth bearing being arranged axially next to the third bearing (11) on the side away from the roll body (5) and located in the fourth bearing row (D).

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