High-temperature and high-pressure metal three-dimensional component laser printing forming cabin

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of advanced manufacturing, in particular to a high-temperature and high-pressure metal three-dimensional component laser printing forming cabin which comprises a high-pressure welding and monitoring system used for providing a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for the workpiece forming process, monitoring a molten pool in real time and capturing the dynamic behavior of the molten pool; the environment control system is used for controlling the temperature and the pressure in the hyperbaric cabin assembly and simulating environment parameters of different working conditions; the electric control system is used for accurately controlling and adjusting power supply, signal transmission and operation parameters of the high-pressure welding and monitoring system and the environment control system to realize preset functions of the electric control system; the integrated cabinet body is used for installing the high-pressure welding and monitoring system, the electric control system and the environment control system and guaranteeing the safety of operators; the high-temperature and high-pressure environment can be simulated, and a multi-parameter in-situ monitoring function is integrated.

Description

A high-temperature, high-pressure metal three-dimensional component laser printing molding chamber Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of advanced manufacturing technology, and in particular to a high-temperature and high-pressure metal three-dimensional component laser printing molding chamber. Background Technology

[0002] Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) technology, due to its high precision, flexible processing, and complex forming capabilities, has shown broad application prospects in high-tech fields such as aerospace and precision instruments. With the continuous improvement of equipment performance requirements, the demand for integrated complex components made of high-performance metallic materials (such as nickel-based superalloys, titanium-aluminum alloys, and intermetallic compounds) is becoming increasingly urgent. These components need to maintain stable mechanical properties and structural integrity under extreme service environments such as high temperatures and corrosion. However, there are significant differences between the microstructure and mechanical properties of components manufactured under conventional conditions and those formed under real extreme environments, which constitutes a core constraint on current technological development.

[0003] Currently, the main bottlenecks and challenges in this technology field are as follows:

[0004] 1. Insufficient extreme condition simulation and forming control capabilities: Most existing laser additive manufacturing equipment and process research is conducted in ambient temperature and pressure or inert gas protection environments. However, the interaction process between laser and material, the solidification behavior of the molten pool, phase transformation kinetics, and the formation mechanism of defects (such as incomplete fusion, elemental segregation, and thermal stress cracks) are significantly affected by ambient temperature, pressure, and atmospheric composition. Due to the lack of integrated high-temperature and high-pressure environment simulation devices, it is difficult to study the effects of extreme environmental parameters on laser melting and solidification behavior, microstructure evolution, and performance formation mechanisms, resulting in a serious discrepancy between the performance evaluation of laboratory-prepared samples and their actual service performance.

[0005] 2. Inadequate in-situ monitoring and quality control technology for multiple parameters in the forming process: Achieving high-precision, in-situ monitoring of the entire laser additive manufacturing process (including laser beam quality, molten pool dynamics, temperature gradient distribution, and powder flow field state) in a high-temperature, high-pressure simulated environment is a current technical challenge. Conventional monitoring methods struggle to obtain stable and reliable process data due to limited viewing windows, laser plasma interference, and the attenuation effect of high-pressure environments on optical signals. This results in a lack of effective quality traceability and feedback control for the manufacturing process, making it impossible to establish a correlation model between process parameters, environmental parameters, and microstructure properties, and further hindering adaptive process optimization based on real-time monitoring.

[0006] Therefore, existing technologies have significant shortcomings in extreme environment simulation and precise control of the forming process, severely restricting the development of laser additive manufacturing technology for high-performance metal components under extreme service conditions. There is an urgent need to develop a laser additive manufacturing experimental system capable of simulating high-temperature and high-pressure environments and integrating multi-parameter in-situ monitoring functions to fill the key technological gap from mechanism research to engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a laser-printed molding chamber for high-temperature and high-pressure three-dimensional metal components, which can simulate high-temperature and high-pressure environments and integrate multi-parameter in-situ monitoring functions.

[0008] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A high-temperature, high-pressure metal three-dimensional component laser printing molding chamber, including

[0010] High-pressure welding and monitoring systems are used to provide a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for the workpiece forming process and to monitor the molten pool in real time and capture its dynamic behavior.

[0011] The environmental control system is used to control the temperature and pressure inside the hyperbaric chamber components and simulate environmental parameters under different working conditions.

[0012] The electrical control system precisely controls and adjusts the power supply, signal transmission, and operating parameters of the high-voltage welding and monitoring system and the environmental control system to achieve their preset functions;

[0013] The integrated cabinet is used to install high-voltage welding and monitoring systems, electrical control systems, and environmental control systems to ensure the safety of operators.

[0014] Preferably, the high-pressure welding and monitoring system includes

[0015] Lasers are used to generate high-energy lasers;

[0016] High-pressure chamber components are used to provide a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for the workpiece forming process.

[0017] A laser galvanometer, mounted on the hyperbaric chamber assembly, is used to project laser light into the hyperbaric chamber assembly.

[0018] The molten pool camera, mounted on the high-pressure chamber assembly, is used to monitor and capture the dynamic behavior of the molten pool in real time.

[0019] Preferably, the high-pressure chamber assembly includes a high-pressure chamber body, an inert protective gas pipe, a forming platform, and a welding torch. A high-pressure chamber upper cover is fixed to the upper end of the high-pressure chamber body. The high-pressure chamber upper cover is provided with a viewing window located at the laser galvanometer for the laser beam to pass through for welding operations. The forming platform is located inside the high-pressure chamber body for metal printing. The inert protective gas pipe is located above the forming platform for the introduction of inert gas during welding. The welding torch is located inside the high-pressure chamber base for welding the forming material.

[0020] Preferably, a high-pressure chamber base is fixed to the lower end of the high-pressure chamber body, an x-direction motion component is fixed on the high-pressure chamber base, a z-direction motion component is mounted on the x-direction motion component, a y-direction motion component is mounted on the z-direction motion component, and a forming platform is mounted on the y-direction motion component.

[0021] Preferably, the high-pressure chamber assembly further includes a high-pressure chamber quick-opening door disposed on the side of the high-pressure chamber body for efficient opening, closing and sealing of the high-pressure chamber body.

[0022] Preferably, the molding platform includes quick-release bolts, a base plate support, and a base plate. The base plate support is connected to the base plate support by bolts and a Y-direction motion component to support the base plate and the workpiece. The base plate is fixed to the base plate support by quick-release bolts to facilitate the placement and removal of the workpiece.

[0023] Preferably, the environmental control system includes a gas cylinder, a water bath assembly, a gas-driven booster, and a vacuum pump. The gas cylinder, water bath assembly, and gas-driven booster are connected in series to the high-pressure chamber assembly via high-pressure pipelines to control the pressure and temperature of the high-pressure chamber assembly. The vacuum pump is connected to the high-pressure chamber assembly via a high-pressure pipeline to extract gas from the high-pressure chamber assembly during the preparation stage.

[0024] Preferably, a gas mass flow meter is provided between the gas-driven turbocharger and the high-pressure chamber assembly to measure the flow rate of inert protective gas.

[0025] Preferably, the environmental control system further includes a finned tube heat exchanger disposed between the vacuum pump and the high-pressure chamber assembly.

[0026] Preferably, the water bath assembly includes a heating chamber, a heating chamber support, a water bath circulation pump, and a circulating liquid tank. The inert gas inlet of the heating chamber is connected to a gas cylinder via a high-pressure pipe, and the outlet is connected to a gas-driven booster pump via a high-pressure pipe for fully heating the inert gas. The heating chamber support is connected to the heating chamber at the top, and the water bath circulation pump is connected to the heating chamber and the circulating liquid tank on both sides via circulating liquid pipes.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. Environmental simulation and manufacturing integration: It achieves a high degree of integration, fully embedding a laser additive manufacturing system (multi-axis motion, wire feeding, welding torch) that meets standard industrial applications into a controllable high temperature and high pressure environment, realizing the synchronous simulation of manufacturing and service environments.

[0029] 2. Process monitoring capability: It provides a high-quality in-situ monitoring solution. Through a dedicated observation window and sensor layout, it effectively overcomes the interference of high-pressure environment on monitoring and realizes for the first time the visualization and data of the entire additive manufacturing process under extreme environment.

[0030] 3. Experimental Paradigm and Data Value: It has pioneered a new experimental paradigm of "in-situ manufacturing, in-situ monitoring, and in-situ research." The obtained process data and material behavior patterns can truly reflect the impact of extreme environments and have direct and highly reliable guiding value for actual production. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser-printed molding chamber for a high-temperature and high-pressure three-dimensional metal component.

[0032] Figure 2 is a front view of a laser-printed molding chamber for a high-temperature and high-pressure three-dimensional metal component;

[0033] Figure 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a laser-printed molding chamber for high-temperature and high-pressure metal three-dimensional components;

[0034] Figure 4 is a top view of Figure 3;

[0035] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the high-pressure chamber assembly;

[0036] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the window structure;

[0037] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the high-pressure chamber components;

[0038] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the molding platform;

[0039] Figure 9 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the high-pressure chamber assembly;

[0040] Figure 10 is an explanatory diagram of the environmental control system;

[0041] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the water bath heating assembly.

[0042] In the picture:

[0043] 1. High-pressure welding and monitoring system; 1.1 Laser galvanometer; 1.2 Laser; 1.3 High-pressure chamber assembly; 1.4 Molten pool camera. 1.3.1 High-pressure chamber load-bearing lifting ring; 1.3.2 Viewing window; 1.3.3 High-pressure chamber upper cover; 1.3.4 High-pressure chamber quick-opening door; 1.3.5 Anchor bolts; 1.3.6 Wire changing chamber flange; 1.3.7 High-pressure chamber body; 1.3.8 High-pressure chamber base; 1.3.9 Z-direction motion assembly; 1.3.10 Y-direction motion assembly; 1.3.11 X-direction motion assembly; 1.3.12 Deep water connector; 1.3.13 Welding torch holder; 1.3.14 Inert gas pipe; 1.3.15 Welding wire spool; 1.3.16 Welding wire spool holder; 1.3.17 Wire feeder; 1.3.18 Forming platform; 1.3.19 Welding torch. Lens end cap 1.3.2.1; End cap sealing ring 1.3.2.2; Lens outer sealing ring 1.3.2.3; Lens inner sealing ring 1.3.2.4; Laser lens 1.3.2.5; Quick release bolt 1.3.18.1; Substrate support 1.3.18.2; Substrate 1.3.18.3;

[0044] Integrated cabinet 2; safety cabinet 2.1; electrical control cabinet 2.2; rubber shock-absorbing pad 2.3. Electrical control cabinet body 2.2.1; electrical control cabinet body 2.2.2; ventilation window 2.2.3;

[0045] 3. Electrical control system; 3.1 Electronic computer; 3.2 Control box; 3.3 Temperature and pressure transmitter;

[0046] 4. Environmental control system; 4.1. Gas cylinder; 4.2. Water bath assembly; 4.3. Gas-driven booster pump; 4.4. Gas mass flow meter; 4.5. Inlet servo valve; 4.6. Inlet check valve; 4.7. Outlet check valve; 4.8. Outlet servo valve; 4.9. Finned tube heat exchanger; 4.10. High-pressure three-way ball valve; 4.11. Vacuum pump. 4.2.1. Heated chamber; 4.2.2. Water bath circulation pump; 4.2.3. Circulating liquid tank; 4.2.4. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0048] Electromechanical aspects:

[0049] This invention discloses a high-temperature, high-pressure laser printing molding chamber for three-dimensional metal components, comprising a high-pressure welding and monitoring system 1, an integrated cabinet 2, an electrical control system 3, and an environmental control system 4. The high-pressure welding and monitoring system 1 can mold workpieces under high temperature and pressure conditions and monitor the molten pool in real time via a molten pool camera 1.4, capturing the dynamic behavior of the molten pool. The integrated cabinet 2 includes a safety cabinet 2.1 and an electrical control cabinet 2.2, used to ensure operator safety. The electrical control system 3 can precisely control and adjust the power supply, signal transmission, and operating parameters of the device to achieve its preset functions. The environmental control system 4 can control the temperature and pressure within the high-pressure chamber system to simulate environmental parameters under different working conditions.

[0050] The high-pressure welding and monitoring system 1 includes a laser galvanometer 1.1, a laser 1.2, a high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3, and a molten pool camera 1.4.

[0051] The laser galvanometer 1.1 is located above the viewing window 1.3.2, connected to the round hole on the upper cover 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber via a bracket, and connected to the control box 3.2 via a deep-water cable, for projecting lasers.

[0052] The laser 1.2 is connected to the laser bracket 2.2.1 and the main body of the electrical control cabinet 2.2.2, and is used to generate laser.

[0053] The high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3 includes a high-pressure chamber load-bearing lifting ring 1.3.1, a viewing window 1.3.2, a high-pressure chamber upper cover 1.3.3, a high-pressure chamber quick-opening door 1.3.4, anchor bolts 1.3.5, a wire changing chamber flange 1.3.6, a high-pressure chamber body 1.3.7, a high-pressure chamber base 1.3.8, a z-direction motion assembly 1.3.9, a y-direction motion assembly 1.3.10, an x-direction motion assembly 1.3.11, a deep-water connector 1.3.12, a welding torch holder 1.3.13, an inert protective gas pipe 1.3.14, a welding wire spool 1.3.15, a welding wire spool holder 1.3.16, a wire feeder 1.3.17, a forming platform 1.3.18, and a welding torch 1.3.19.

[0054] The high-pressure chamber load-bearing lifting ring 1.3.1 is threadedly connected to the upper end cover 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber and is used to connect the high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3.

[0055] The viewing window 1.3.2 includes a lens end cap 1.3.2.1, an end cap sealing ring 1.3.2.2, an outer lens sealing ring 1.3.2.3, an inner lens sealing ring 1.3.2.4, and a laser lens 1.3.2.5, located below the laser galvanometer 1.1. It is connected to the upper end cap 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber by bolts, and the through hole allows the laser from the laser galvanometer 1.1 to pass through for welding operations.

[0056] The lens end cap 1.3.2.1 is fixed to the upper end cap 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber by bolts, and is used to protect and fix the laser lens 1.3.2.5.

[0057] The end cap sealing ring 1.3.2.2 is fixed between the lens end cap 1.3.2.1 and the high-pressure chamber upper end cap 1.3.3, and serves a sealing function.

[0058] The outer sealing ring 1.3.2.3 of the lens is fixed around the laser lens 1.3.2.5 and serves a sealing function.

[0059] The inner sealing ring 1.3.2.4 of the lens is fixed to the inner circumference of the laser lens 1.3.2.5 and serves a sealing function.

[0060] The laser lens 1.3.2.5 is installed between the lens end cap 1.3.2.1 and the upper end cap 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber. It is a high-pressure and high-temperature resistant lens used to form a laser spot with very high energy density, thereby melting the metal material instantly and achieving welding.

[0061] The upper cover 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber is connected to the viewing window 1.3.2 by bolts, and is connected to the high-pressure chamber load-bearing lifting ring 1.3.1 by threads around its perimeter. The lower part is connected to the upper flange of the high-pressure chamber body 1.3.7 by bolts, and a through hole is provided for the laser beam of the laser galvanometer 1.1 to pass through for welding operations.

[0062] The high-pressure chamber quick-opening door 1.3.4 can be closed to seal the main body of the high-pressure chamber, or opened to replace welded parts.

[0063] The anchor bolts 1.3.5 are connected to the high-pressure chamber base 1.3.8 via threads, serving to support, level, and fix the high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3.

[0064] The wire changing chamber flange 1.3.6 is connected to the right side boss flange of the high-pressure chamber body 1.3.7 by bolts for sealing.

[0065] The upper flange of the high-pressure chamber body 1.3.7 is connected to the upper cover 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber by bolts. The lower flange of the high-pressure chamber body 1.3.7 is connected to the base 1.3.8 of the high-pressure chamber by bolts. The right flange of the high-pressure chamber body 1.3.7 is connected to the wire changing chamber flange 1.3.6 by bolts. The front and the high-pressure chamber quick-opening door 1.3.4 are connected by welding. The hollow pipe between the upper and lower flanges is used as a forming cavity to create a high-pressure environment.

[0066] The high-pressure chamber base 1.3.8 is connected to the lower flange of the high-pressure chamber body 1.3.7 by bolts and to the anchor bolts 1.3.5 by threads, and is also used as a molding cavity base.

[0067] The z-direction motion component 1.3.9 is located inside the high-pressure chamber and is bolted to the high-pressure chamber base 1.3.8, the x-direction motion component 1.3.11, and the y-direction motion component 1.3.12. It is also connected to the z-direction deep-water connector 1.3.12 via a deep-water cable to control the movement in the z-axis direction.

[0068] The y-direction motion component 1.3.10 is located below the molding platform 1.3.18, and is bolted to the molding platform 1.3.18 and the z-direction motion component 1.3.9. It is also connected to the y-direction deep-water connector 1.3.12 via a deep-water guide wire, and is used to control the movement in the y-axis direction.

[0069] The x-direction motion component 1.3.11 is located inside the high-pressure chamber and is bolted to the high-pressure chamber base 1.3.8 and the z-axis motion component 1.3.9. It is also connected to the x-direction deep-water connector 1.3.12 via a deep-water cable to control the movement in the x-axis direction.

[0070] There are four deep-water connectors 1.3.12, distributed on the high-pressure chamber base 1.3.8. They are connected to the z-direction motion component 1.3.9, y-direction motion component 1.3.10, x-direction motion component 1.3.11, and wire feeder 1.3.17 via deep-water conductors. They are used to control each motion component and wire feeder 1.3.17 and to provide power.

[0071] The welding torch bracket 1.3.13 is connected to the high-pressure chamber base 1.3.8 by bolts. The upper part of the welding torch bracket 1.3.13 is connected to the welding torch 1.3.19 by an indexing plate, which serves to support and fix the welding torch 1.3.19.

[0072] The inert gas pipe 1.3.14 is located above the forming platform 1.3.18, and its end is connected to the inlet check valve 4.6 by a thread, for the introduction of inert gas during welding.

[0073] The welding wire spool 1.3.15 is connected to the welding wire spool bracket 1.3.16 by bolts, and the welding wire is connected to the wire feeder 1.3.17 through the wire feed tube for storing the welding wire used during welding.

[0074] The bottom of the welding wire spool bracket 1.3.16 is connected to the high-pressure chamber base 1.3.8 by bolts, and to the wire feed spool 1.3.17 by a wire feed tube. The upper part is connected to the welding wire spool 1.3.15 by a shaft, which serves to position and support the welding wire spool 1.3.15.

[0075] The wire feeder 1.3.17 is located in front of the x-direction motion component 1.3.11 inside the high-pressure chamber. It is connected to the wire spool support 1.3.16 and the welding torch 1.3.19 via a wire feeding tube to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of wire feeding.

[0076] The forming platform 1.3.18 includes a quick-release bolt 1.3.18.1, a substrate support 1.3.18.2, and a substrate 1.3.18.3. The forming platform 1.3.18 is located inside the high-pressure chamber and is connected to the y-direction motion component 1.3.10 by bolts for metal printing.

[0077] The quick-release bolt 1.3.18.1 has an annular groove in the middle for clamping the substrate 1.3.18.3 and the substrate support 1.3.18.2, which facilitates the connection and fixation of the substrate 1.3.18.3 and the substrate support 1.3.18.2.

[0078] The substrate support 1.3.18.2 is connected to the y-direction movement component 1.3.10 by bolts and to the substrate 1.3.18.1 by quick-release bolts 1.3.18.1, and is used to support the substrate 1.3.18.3 and the item to be welded.

[0079] The substrate 1.3.18.3 is fixed to the substrate support 1.3.18.2 by quick-release screws 1.3.18.1, which facilitates the placement and removal of the items to be welded.

[0080] The welding torch 1.3.19 is located above the forming platform 1.3.18 inside the high-pressure chamber. It is connected to the welding torch bracket 1.3.13 via an indexing plate and to the wire feeder 1.3.17 via a wire feeding tube, and is used for welding forming materials.

[0081] The molten pool camera 1.4 is connected to the high-pressure chamber body 1.3.7 by bolts and is used to monitor and capture the dynamic behavior of the molten pool under high pressure.

[0082] The integrated cabinet 2 includes a safety cabinet 2.1, an electrical control cabinet 2.2, and a rubber shock-absorbing pad 2.3.

[0083] The safety cabinet 2.1 houses all components inside, isolating most of them from the outside world and ensuring the safety of the welding process.

[0084] The electrical control cabinet 2.2 includes a main body 2.2.1, a main body 2.2.2, and a ventilation window 2.2.3. It is located below the safety cabinet 2.1, with rubber shock-absorbing pads 2.3 on its underside. It is used to house and protect the laser 1.2, the control box 3.2, and the computer 3.1, and also serves to support the safety cabinet 2.1.

[0085] The door 2.2.1 of the electrical control cabinet is connected to the main body 2.2.1 of the electrical control cabinet via hinges and a safety lock, which facilitates the maintenance and upkeep of the internal equipment.

[0086] The front of the main body of the electrical control cabinet 2.2.1 is connected to the electrical control cabinet door 2.2.1 via hinges, a safety lock, and welding on the left side inside. A heat dissipation window 2.2.3 is installed on the rear side, and the lower side is connected to a rubber shock-absorbing pad 2.3 for wrapping the electrical control system 3.

[0087] The main body of the electrical control cabinet 2.2.2 is located below the laser and is connected to the main body of the electrical control cabinet 2.2.1 by welding. It is used to position and support the laser 1.2.

[0088] The heat dissipation window 2.2.3 is located on the rear side of the main body 2.2.1 of the electrical control cabinet and is used to dissipate the heat generated by the electrical control system 3, so that the electrical control system 3 can work stably.

[0089] The rubber shock-absorbing pad 2.3 is connected to the bottom 2.2 of the electrical control cabinet to reduce the vibration generated during operation, thereby reducing the error caused by vibration.

[0090] The electrical control system 3 includes an electronic computer 3.1, a control box 3.2, and a temperature and pressure transmitter 3.3. It is used to control environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, and inert gas concentration, as well as the motion mechanisms such as motors and wire feeders 1.3.17. When requirements are not met, it automatically provides certain optimization suggestions and outputs real-time temperature and pressure data of the high-pressure chamber and signals from the molten pool camera.

[0091] The electronic computer 3.1 is located between the laser 1.2 and the control box 3.2, and is connected to the display, keyboard, mouse and control box 3.2 via wires. It can control the direction and speed of the motor and evaluate the molding quality.

[0092] The control box 3.2 is located on the right side of the electrical control cabinet 2.2, and is connected to the high-voltage welding and monitoring system 1, the electronic computer 3.1, the environmental control system 4 and the temperature and pressure transmitter 3.3 via wires to control some components in each system.

[0093] The temperature and pressure transmitter 3.3 is located on the upper side of the high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3 and is connected to the upper end cover 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber body by bolts and to the control box 3.2 by wires to achieve synchronous feedback and dynamic compensation of pressure and temperature.

[0094] The environmental control system 4 includes a gas cylinder 4.1, a water bath assembly 4.2, a gas-driven booster pump 4.3, a gas mass flow meter 4.4, an inlet servo valve 4.5, an inlet check valve 4.6, an outlet check valve 4.7, an outlet servo valve 4.8, a finned tube heat exchanger 4.9, a high-pressure three-way ball valve 4.10, a vacuum pump 4.11, and an integrated board 4.12. The environmental control system 4 is used to control the internal pressure and temperature of the high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3.

[0095] The gas cylinder 4.1 is connected to the inert gas inlet of the heating chamber 4.2.1 via a high-pressure pipeline and is used to store inert protective gas.

[0096] The water bath assembly 4.2 includes a heating chamber 4.2.1, a heating chamber support 4.2.2, a water bath circulation pump 4.2.3, and a circulating liquid tank 4.2.4. The water bath assembly 4.2 is located to the right of the air-driven booster pump 4.3 and is used for temperature control to achieve a high-temperature environment.

[0097] The inert gas inlet of the heating chamber 4.2.1 is connected to the gas cylinder 4.1 via a high-pressure pipeline, and the outlet is connected to the gas-driven booster pump 4.3 via a high-pressure pipeline. The circulating liquid inlet is connected to the water bath circulation pump 4.2.3 via a circulating liquid pipe, and the outlet is connected to the circulating liquid tank 4.2.4 via a circulating liquid pipe. The heating chamber 4.2.1 is connected to the heating chamber support 4.2.2 at the bottom, and the serpentine pipe inside the heating chamber 4.2.1 connects to the inert gas inlet and outlet to facilitate sufficient heating of the inert gas.

[0098] The heating chamber bracket 4.2.2 is located on the left side of the gas cylinder 4.1 and is connected to the heating chamber body 4.2.1 at the top, and is used to support and fix the heating chamber.

[0099] The water bath circulation pump 4.2.3 is located in front of the heating chamber 4.2.1, and is connected to the heating chamber 4.2.1 and the circulation chamber 4.2.4 on both sides through circulation liquid pipes, which serves to provide power for the circulation of the circulation liquid.

[0100] The circulating liquid tank 4.2.4 is located to the right of the water bath circulation pump 4.2.3 and includes three interfaces: a circulating liquid inlet, a circulating liquid outlet, and a temperature control signal interface. The circulating liquid inlet is connected to the heating chamber 4.2.1 via a circulating liquid pipe, the circulating liquid outlet is connected to the water bath circulation pump 4.2.3 via a circulating liquid pipe, and the temperature control signal interface is connected to the control box 3.2 via a wire. The circulating liquid tank 4.2.4 is used to store the circulating liquid and heat it to a set temperature.

[0101] The gas-driven booster pump 4.3 is mounted on the integrated plate 4.12, connected to the heating chamber 4.2.1 on the right side via a high-pressure pipe, and to the gas mass flow meter 4.4 on the left side via a high-pressure pipe. It is used to boost the inert protective gas output from the gas cylinder 4.1 to a set pressure.

[0102] The gas mass flow meter 4.4 is mounted on the integrated plate 4.12. It is connected to the gas-driven booster pump 4.3 on the right side via a high-pressure pipeline and to the inlet servo valve 4.5 on the left side via a high-pressure pipeline. It is used to measure the flow rate of inert protection gas.

[0103] The inlet servo valve 4.5 is installed on the right side of the safety cabinet 2.1, and is connected to the gas mass flow meter 4.4 via a high-pressure pipeline and to the inlet check valve 4.6 via a high-pressure hose. It is used to fine-tune the inert protection gas flow rate.

[0104] The inlet check valve 4.6 is installed on the upper end cover 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber, and is connected to the inlet servo valve 4.5 through a high-pressure pipeline and to the inert protection gas pipe 1.3.14 through a thread, to prevent the inert protection gas inside the high-pressure chamber system from flowing back.

[0105] The outlet check valve 4.7 is installed on the upper end cover 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber and is connected to the outlet servo valve 4.7 through a high-pressure pipeline to prevent experimental waste gas from flowing back.

[0106] The outlet servo valve 4.8 is installed on the right side of the safety cabinet 2.1, and is connected to the outlet check valve 4.6 via a high-pressure pipeline, and to the finned tube heat exchanger 4.9 via a high-pressure pipeline, for fine-tuning the experimental exhaust gas flow rate.

[0107] The finned tube heat exchanger 4.9 is located behind the electrical control cabinet 2.2. It is connected to the outlet servo valve 4.8 via a high-pressure pipeline and to the high-pressure three-way ball valve 4.10 via a high-pressure pipeline. The finned tubes are made of copper to facilitate heat exchange and prevent the use of electrical components from being affected by excessively low temperatures.

[0108] The high-pressure three-way ball valve 4.10 has its left and right ports connected to the finned tube heat exchanger 4.9 and the vacuum pump 4.11 respectively via high-pressure pipes, and its upper port is connected to the air to change the gas path.

[0109] The vacuum pump 4.11 is mounted on the integrated plate 4.12 and connected to the right side interface of the high-pressure three-way ball valve 4.10 via a high-pressure pipeline. It is used to extract gas from the high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3 during the preparation stage.

[0110] The integrated board 4.12 is connected to the gas-driven booster pump 4.3, the gas mass flow meter 4.4, and the vacuum pump 4.11 above, and is used to integrate small-sized components that are frequently started and stopped in the system.

[0111] Software system level:

[0112] After extensive experimentation, a basic understanding of the defect formation mechanism during molding was achieved, leading to the development of a fundamental evaluation method. For example, poor metal interface bonding: due to significant differences in melting points between different metals (e.g., copper powder 1083℃ vs. steel powder 1538℃), incomplete local melting occurs, significantly reducing interface bonding strength by more than 30%. Molten pool splashing and porosity: under high pressure, the molten pool metal splashing rate increases significantly, while changes in gas solubility cause the porosity to rise to approximately 8%. Uneven powder distribution: when the powder feeding rate and laser power are mismatched, the powder fails to melt completely, resulting in incomplete fusion defects. Therefore, several methods were evaluated and optimized, including powder feeding system optimization: a dual-channel powder feeding device was adopted to ensure uniform metal mixing (mixing deviation <5%), while the nozzle angle was optimized (45° is optimal) to effectively reduce splashing. Parameter matching: based on machine learning models, optimal parameter combinations were recommended (e.g., using a pulsed laser mode at a frequency of 200Hz under high pressure can reduce porosity to below 1%).

[0113] Therefore, the present invention has the following effects:

[0114] This invention achieves fully coupled simulation of extreme environments and manufacturing processes: By integrating a high-pressure chamber, a precision environmental control system (air-driven turbocharger, temperature control components, etc.), and standard additive manufacturing units, it constructs an additive manufacturing environment in the laboratory capable of accurately and stably reproducing extreme high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. This makes it possible to study the entire lifecycle behavior of materials from "manufacturing" to "service," revealing material melting mechanisms and defect evolution laws that are unknown under normal pressure conditions.

[0115] The system has overcome the challenge of in-situ monitoring of the manufacturing process under closed high pressure environment: It innovatively designed a pressure-resistant observation window and integrated sensors such as a molten pool camera and a temperature-pressure transmitter, successfully achieving high-quality, in-situ real-time monitoring of key parameters such as laser morphology, molten pool dynamics, and thermal cycling in the high-pressure chamber. This transforms the traditional "black box" manufacturing process into a "transparent and visible" controllable process, providing direct data support for process optimization and quality assessment.

[0116] This device enhances the scientific rigor and engineering guidance value of experiments: It integrates environmental simulation, manufacturing execution, and process monitoring, supporting a unified research paradigm encompassing "mechanism research - process development - performance prediction." Experiments conducted on this system yield more realistic and reliable process-microstructure-performance correlation data, which can be directly used to guide and optimize additive manufacturing processes for components operating in extreme environments in real-world engineering projects.

[0117] The steps for using this invention are as follows:

[0118] I. Experimental Preparation Stage

[0119] Determine the environmental parameters (pressure, temperature), process parameters (laser power, wire feed speed, etc.), and material parameters (material type, welding material diameter, etc.) based on the actual working conditions. Check the airtightness of the device and ensure that the inert gas reserve in cylinder 4.1 is sufficient. Open the wire changing door 2.1.7 and check that the welding wire material in the wire spool 1.3.15 is sufficient. Open the upper cover 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber, adjust the angle of the wire feeder welding torch 1.3.19 and the inert gas tube 1.3.14, and then reinstall the upper cover 1.3.3 of the high-pressure chamber. Adjust the relative position between the molten pool camera 1.4 and the viewing window 1.3.2 to ensure that the molten pool camera 1.4 can successfully acquire information.

[0120] Control the Z-axis motion assembly 1.3.9, Y-axis motion assembly 1.3.10, and X-axis motion assembly 1.3.11 to move the forming platform 1.3.18 away from the welding torch 1.3.19 and closer to the high-pressure chamber quick-opening door 1.3.4. Open the front door 2.1.3 of the safety cabinet and the high-pressure chamber quick-opening door 1.3.4, and secure the substrate 1.3.18.3 and substrate support 1.3.18.2 with quick-release bolts 1.3.18.1. Control the position of the forming platform 1.3.18 through each motion assembly to align the welding torch 1.3.19 with the welding point on the workpiece. Close and lock the high-pressure chamber quick-opening door 1.3.4, and close and lock the safety cabinet front door 2.1.3.

[0121] Set the output pressure of the air-driven booster pump 4.3 according to the required pressure. Set the movement speed of the z-direction motion component 1.3.9, y-direction motion component 1.3.10, and x-direction motion component 1.3.11, as well as the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder 1.3.17 and the initial temperature of the water bath component 4.2 through the control box 3.2.

[0122] Open the outlet servo valve 4.8, adjust the high-pressure three-way ball valve 4.10 to connect the left and right ports of the finned tube heat exchanger 4.9 and the vacuum pump 4.10, and turn on the vacuum pump 3.10 to evacuate the gas from inside the high-pressure chamber system 1. Close the outlet servo valve 4.8, open the gas cylinder 4.1 and the inlet servo valve 4.5 to fill the high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3 with inert protective gas. Repeat the above process until the purity of the inert protective gas inside the high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3 meets the standard.

[0123] II. Welding Execution Phase

[0124] Turn on the water bath assembly 4.2 to preheat the pipeline for 5 minutes, open the inlet servo valve 4.5, and close the outlet servo valve 4.8. Open the gas cylinder 4.1, and the low-temperature gas is introduced into the serpentine tube of the heating chamber 4.2.1 to exchange heat with the high-temperature circulating liquid outside the tube. Through the signal feedback from the high-temperature pressure transmitter 3.6, it can be observed that the temperature and pressure inside the high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3 gradually reach the target value. After the environmental parameters stabilize, the laser 1.2 is controlled by the control box 3.2 to generate laser light, and the wire feeder 1.3.17 is controlled to feed wire from the wire spool 1.3.15 to the welding torch 1.3.19, as shown in the "Detailed Schematic Diagram of Wire Feeding Mechanism" in Figure 11. The motion component drive code is input into the computer 3.1, so that the control box controls the movement of the z-direction motion component 1.3.9, y-direction motion component 1.3.10, and x-direction motion component 1.3.11 to complete the specified path.

[0125] This equipment employs a closed-loop control system. During welding, the gas mass flow meter 4.11 and temperature and pressure transmitter 3.3 continuously feed back the gas mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature inside the high-pressure chamber assembly 1.3 to the control box 3.2. The control box 3.2 converts the electrical signals into binary signals and transmits them to the computer 3.1. The computer 3.1 can not only store and visualize the information for subsequent research, but also automatically issue commands to the control box 3.2 in real time through negative feedback adjustment. This allows for real-time adjustment of the heating temperature of the water bath assembly 4.2, the inlet opening of the inlet servo valve 4.5, and the outlet opening of the outlet servo valve 4.8 to regulate the system pressure and gas mass flow rate, as well as the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder 1.3.7, thereby maintaining system stability. Simultaneously, the dynamic changes of the molten pool can be monitored and recorded in real time during welding, and the molten pool camera signals are processed by the computer 3.1 and transmitted to the display 3.1. The display 3.1 provides detailed microscopic mechanism diagrams and molten pool changes at various times for further in-depth research.

[0126] III. Waiting Phase

[0127] After welding, turn off the laser (1.2). After the workpiece cools, turn off the air-driven booster pump (4.3) and the water bath assembly (4.2). Adjust the high-pressure three-way ball valve (4.10) to connect the interface of the finned tube heat exchanger (4.9) to the air. Adjust the outlet servo valve (4.8) to its maximum position to discharge the inert protective gas in the system, and gradually reduce the pressure to atmospheric pressure. Close the gas cylinder (4.1), inlet servo valve (4.5), and outlet servo valve (4.8).

[0128] IV. Post-processing stage

[0129] Using computer 3.1, control box 3.2 controls the z-axis motion component 1.3.9, y-axis motion component 1.3.10, and x-axis motion component 1.3.11 to move the forming platform 1.3.18 away from the welding torch 1.3.19 and closer to the high-pressure chamber quick-opening door 1.3.4. Open the front door 2.1.3 of the safety cabinet, open the high-pressure chamber quick-opening door 1.3.4, and remove the quick-release bolts 1.3.18.1 to separate the substrate 1.3.18.3 and the substrate support 1.3.18.2. Remove the processed workpiece and substrate, close and lock the high-pressure chamber quick-opening door 1.3.4, close the front door 2.1.3 of the safety cabinet, and lock the safety lock.

[0130] The molded parts can be made into standardized test specimens according to actual needs, so that mechanical properties can be measured, or after being sliced ​​and polished, microscopic observation can be carried out.

[0131] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-temperature, high-pressure metal three-dimensional component laser-printed molding chamber, characterized in that: It includes a high-pressure welding and monitoring system (1) for providing a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for the workpiece forming process and for real-time monitoring of the molten pool and capturing the dynamic behavior of the molten pool; an environmental control system (4) for controlling the temperature and pressure inside the high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3) and simulating environmental parameters under different working conditions; an electrical control system (3) for precisely controlling and adjusting the power supply, signal transmission and operating parameters of the high-pressure welding and monitoring system (1) and the environmental control system (4) to realize their preset functions; and an integrated cabinet (2) for installing the high-pressure welding and monitoring system (1), the electrical control system (3) and the environmental control system (4) to ensure the safety of operators.

2. The laser-printed molding chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure welding and monitoring system (1) includes a laser (1.2) for generating high-energy laser; a high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3) for providing a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for the workpiece forming process; a laser galvanometer (1.1) installed on the high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3) for projecting laser into the high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3); and a molten pool camera (1.4) installed on the high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3) for real-time monitoring and capturing the dynamic behavior of the molten pool.

3. The laser-printed molding chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3) includes a high-pressure chamber body (1.3.7), an inert protective gas pipe (1.3.14), a forming platform (1.3.18), and a welding torch (1.3.19). The upper end of the high-pressure chamber body (1.3.7) is fixed with a high-pressure chamber upper cover (1.3.3). The high-pressure chamber upper cover (1.3.3) is provided with a viewing window (1.3.2). The viewing window (1.3.2) is located in the laser galvanometer (1.1) for the laser to pass through the laser galvanometer (1.1) for welding operations. The forming platform (1.3.18) is set inside the high-pressure chamber body (1.3.7) for metal printing. The inert protective gas pipe (1.3.14) is located above the forming platform (1.3.18) for the introduction of inert gas during welding. The welding torch (1.3.19) is set inside the high-pressure chamber base (1.3.8) for welding forming materials.

4. The laser-printed molding chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-pressure chamber body (1.3.7) is fixed with a high-pressure chamber base (1.3.8) at its lower end. An x-direction motion component (1.3.11) is fixed on the high-pressure chamber base (1.3.8). A z-direction motion component (1.3.9) is mounted on the x-direction motion component (1.3.11). A y-direction motion component (1.3.10) is mounted on the z-direction motion component (1.3.9). A forming platform (1.3.18) is mounted on the y-direction motion component (1.3.10).

5. The laser-printed molding chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3) also includes a high-pressure chamber quick-opening door (1.3.4) disposed on the side of the high-pressure chamber body (1.3.7) for efficient opening, closing and sealing of the high-pressure chamber body (1.3.7).

6. The laser-printed molding chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The forming platform (1.3.18) includes quick-release bolts (1.3.18.1), a substrate support (1.3.18.2), and a substrate (1.3.18.3). The substrate support (1.3.18.2) is connected to the y-direction motion component (1.3.10) by bolts and is used to support the substrate (1.3.18.3) and the workpiece. The substrate (1.3.18.3) is fixed to the substrate support (1.3.18.2) by quick-release bolts (1.3.18.1) to facilitate the placement and removal of the workpiece.

7. The laser-printed molding chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental control system (4) includes a gas cylinder (4.1), a water bath assembly (4.2), a gas-driven booster (4.3), and a vacuum pump (4.11). The gas cylinder (4.1), the water bath assembly (4.2), and the gas-driven booster (4.3) are connected in series to the high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3) via high-pressure pipelines to control the pressure and temperature of the high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3). The vacuum pump (4.11) is connected to the high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3) via a high-pressure pipeline to extract gas from the high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3) during the preparation stage.

8. The laser-printed molding chamber according to claim 7, characterized in that: A gas mass flow meter (4.4) is provided between the gas-driven booster (4.3) and the high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3) to measure the flow rate of the inert protective gas.

9. The laser-printed molding chamber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The environmental control system (4) also includes a finned tube heat exchanger (4.9), which is located between the vacuum pump (4.11) and the high-pressure chamber assembly (1.3).

10. The laser-printed molding chamber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water bath assembly (4.2) includes a heating chamber (4.2.1), a heating chamber support (4.2.2), a water bath circulation pump (4.2.3), and a circulating liquid tank (4.2.4). The inert gas inlet of the heating chamber (4.2.1) is connected to a gas cylinder (4.1) via a high-pressure pipe, and the outlet is connected to a gas-driven booster pump (4.3) via a high-pressure pipe for fully heating the inert gas. The heating chamber support (4.2.2) is connected to the heating chamber (4.2.1) at the top. The water bath circulation pump (4.2.3) is connected to the heating chamber (4.2.1) and the circulating liquid tank (4.2.4) on both sides via circulating liquid pipes.

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