Fireproof antifouling stone crystal floor and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of stone crystal floors, in particular to a fireproof anti-fouling stone crystal floor and a preparation method thereof.The fireproof anti-fouling stone crystal floor comprises a base material layer and a fireproof anti-fouling surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the fireproof stain-resistant surface layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 80 to 100 parts of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15 to 20 parts of a composite flame retardant, 2 to 4 parts of zinc borate, 8 to 12 parts of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, 5 to 8 parts of nano aluminum oxide, 3 to 5 parts of organic silicon modified silver-loaded montmorillonite and 3 to 5 parts of a photoinitiator; the composite flame retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite. According to the fire-resistant antifouling stone crystal floor and the preparation method thereof, on the premise that the wear resistance is ensured, the structure can be simplified, and the antifouling performance, the fireproof performance and the antibacterial performance can be considered at the same time.

Description

A fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor and its preparation method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of stone crystal flooring technology, specifically to a fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Stone-plastic composite flooring (SPC flooring) is a new type of rigid sheet material made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin and ultrafine calcium carbonate (stone powder). With its excellent dimensional stability, durability, and environmental friendliness, it has become one of the mainstream choices for modern interior floor decoration. As its application scenarios rapidly expand from ordinary homes to public commercial spaces such as hospitals, schools, and shopping malls, the market has placed higher demands on flooring performance, requiring not only basic wear resistance but also fire resistance and stain resistance.

[0003] To impart fire resistance and stain resistance to slate-ceramic flooring, the industry's conventional technical approach mainly relies on the concept of functional layer stacking. This primarily includes the following techniques: (1) coating or laminating a functional protective layer onto the flooring surface. For example, adding flame retardants to the surface formulation to improve fire resistance, while simultaneously using a special surface coating to improve stain resistance; (2) introducing an independent intermediate functional layer specifically designed to carry flame-retardant and stain-resistant components. All of these techniques aim to modularly integrate functions into the product through physical stacking. However, such functional layer stacking techniques are limited by the choice of raw material formulation, resulting in limited stain resistance and fire resistance in the prepared slate-ceramic flooring, and also easily weakening its stain resistance and fire resistance. Furthermore, due to the limited choice of raw material formulation, the resulting slate-ceramic flooring typically lacks antibacterial properties.

[0004] In addition, to achieve decorative effects, existing technologies usually require the addition of independent decorative layers such as color films or printing layers. Furthermore, to increase wear resistance, a separate wear-resistant layer is also typically provided. The addition of these decorative and wear-resistant layers can easily increase the total number of layers in the product, making the structure more complex and increasing the difficulty and cost of controlling the production process.

[0005] In summary, stone-crystal flooring prepared by existing technologies generally suffers from defects such as complex structure, poor stain resistance, poor fire resistance, and poor antibacterial properties. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to propose a fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor and its preparation method. While ensuring wear resistance, it not only simplifies the structure, but also helps to simultaneously achieve stain resistance, fire resistance and antibacterial properties, thus overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0007] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor, comprising a substrate layer and a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top; calculated by mass parts, the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer include 80-100 parts of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15-20 parts of composite flame retardant, 2-4 parts of zinc borate, 8-12 parts of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, 5-8 parts of nano-alumina, 3-5 parts of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, and 3-5 parts of photoinitiator; the composite flame retardant includes ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite.

[0008] Furthermore, the mixing ratio of the expandable graphite and the ammonium polyphosphate is 1:(2-3) based on the mass ratio.

[0009] Further, the preparation method of the organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite is as follows: 5-10 parts of montmorillonite and 40-50 parts of silver nitrate solution are mixed evenly according to mass fractions to obtain a first mixed solution; the first mixed solution is cooled to 10-15℃, and 5-6 parts of ascorbic acid solution are added dropwise to the cooled first mixed solution, and the mixture is kept warm and stirred until the ascorbic acid solution is completely added. Then, the mixture is reacted at 60-70℃ for 2-3 hours, and then washed and dried to obtain silver-loaded montmorillonite; 5-6 parts of silver-loaded montmorillonite, 20-30 parts of anhydrous ethanol, and 1-2 parts of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane are mixed evenly to obtain a second mixed solution; the temperature of the second mixed solution is raised to 50-60℃, and 6-8 parts of catalyst solution are added dropwise to the heated second mixed solution, and the mixture is kept warm and stirred until the catalyst solution is completely added. Then, the mixture is centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite.

[0010] Further, the polyurethane acrylate resin includes a difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin and a hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin; the mixing ratio of the difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin and the hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin is 1:(2-4) by mass ratio.

[0011] Furthermore, the weight-average molecular weight of the perfluoropolyether methacrylate is 1000 to 3000.

[0012] Furthermore, the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer also include reactive diluents, leveling agents, and organic solvents; calculated by mass parts, the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer include 80-100 parts of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15-20 parts of composite flame retardant, 2-4 parts of zinc borate, 8-12 parts of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, 5-8 parts of nano-alumina, 3-5 parts of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, 3-5 parts of photoinitiator, 10-20 parts of reactive diluent, 0.5-1 part of leveling agent, and 20-30 parts of organic solvent.

[0013] Furthermore, the active diluent includes a monofunctional diluent and a difunctional diluent, and the mixing ratio of the difunctional diluent and the monofunctional diluent is 1:(2-3) by mass.

[0014] Furthermore, the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer also include an adhesion promoter; calculated by mass parts, the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer include 80-100 parts of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15-20 parts of composite flame retardant, 2-4 parts of zinc borate, 8-12 parts of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, 5-8 parts of nano-alumina, 3-5 parts of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, 3-5 parts of photoinitiator, 1-3 parts of adhesion promoter, 10-20 parts of reactive diluent, 0.5-1 part of leveling agent, and 20-30 parts of organic solvent.

[0015] Further, calculated by mass parts, the raw materials of the substrate layer include 80-100 parts of polyvinyl chloride masterbatch, 250-350 parts of stone powder, 3-5 parts of zinc molybdate, 1-2 parts of antimony trioxide, 8-12 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 4-5 parts of calcium-zinc stabilizer, and 0.5-1 parts of titanate coupling agent.

[0016] A method for preparing fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring, comprising the following steps: S1. Mixing polyvinyl chloride masterbatch, stone powder, zinc molybdate, antimony trioxide, chlorinated polyethylene, calcium zinc stabilizer, and titanate coupling agent uniformly according to the specified ratio to obtain a substrate layer mixture; S2. Mixing polyurethane acrylate resin, composite flame retardant, zinc borate, perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, nano-alumina, organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, photoinitiator, adhesion promoter, reactive diluent, leveling agent, and organic solvent uniformly according to the specified ratio to obtain a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture; S3. Adding the substrate layer mixture to a screw extruder for melting and extrusion molding to form a substrate layer; S4. Coating the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture onto the surface of the substrate layer, drying, and UV curing to obtain the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring.

[0017] The technical solution provided by this invention can include the following beneficial effects: 1. The composite flame retardant includes ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite. When exposed to fire, ammonium polyphosphate acts as both an acid and a gas source, rapidly decomposing and catalyzing the dehydration and carbonization of the material, releasing non-combustible gases. Simultaneously, expandable graphite undergoes dramatic physical expansion upon heating, forming a worm-like carbon structure. Through the synergistic effect of both, the skeleton of expandable graphite is encapsulated and reinforced by the viscous carbon layer catalyzed by ammonium polyphosphate, ultimately constructing a robust, dense, heat-insulating, and oxygen-isolated expanded carbon layer on the material surface, thereby effectively preventing the spread of flames and the transfer of heat.

[0018] 2. The raw materials for the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer also include zinc borate, which can react with ammonium polyphosphate at high temperatures to promote the formation of a more stable, denser, and ceramic-like robust carbon layer, significantly improving the thermal insulation integrity and durability of the expanded carbon layer; at the same time, zinc borate itself is also a highly efficient smoke suppressant, which can capture free radicals and smoke particles generated during combustion in the gas phase and condensed phase. In synergy with ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite system, it can significantly reduce the total smoke output and smoke toxicity during material combustion, and improve the flame retardant rating.

[0019] 3. Perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, as a film-forming material, contains fluorocarbon chains (CF bonds) that provide extremely low surface energy, effectively reducing the wetting and spreading of liquid stains. The introduced organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, grafted onto the montmorillonite surface using coupling agents such as γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570), works synergistically with the fluorocarbon chains to form a denser and more stable low surface energy barrier on the coating surface. This further enhances the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer, thus giving it better stain resistance. Detailed Implementation

[0020] This technical solution provides a fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor, comprising a substrate layer and a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top; calculated by weight, the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer include 80-100 parts of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15-20 parts of composite flame retardant, 2-4 parts of zinc borate, 8-12 parts of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, 5-8 parts of nano-alumina, 3-5 parts of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, and 3-5 parts of photoinitiator; the composite flame retardant includes ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite.

[0021] To address the technical problems of complex structure and poor stain resistance, fire resistance, and antibacterial properties of stone-crystal flooring, this technical solution proposes a fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone-crystal flooring. By selecting appropriate raw materials for the formula, it is possible to simplify the structure while ensuring wear resistance, and simultaneously achieve stain resistance, fire resistance, and antibacterial properties to meet practical application needs.

[0022] Specifically, to improve the fire resistance of the stone-crystal flooring, this technical solution adds a composite flame retardant to the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer. This composite flame retardant includes ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite. When exposed to fire, ammonium polyphosphate acts as both an acid and gas source, rapidly decomposing and catalyzing the dehydration and carbonization of the material, releasing non-combustible gases. Simultaneously, expandable graphite undergoes dramatic physical expansion upon heating, forming a worm-like carbon structure. Through the synergistic effect of these two components, the skeleton of the expandable graphite is encapsulated and reinforced by the viscous carbon layer catalyzed by ammonium polyphosphate, ultimately constructing a robust, dense, heat-insulating, and oxygen-isolated expanded carbon layer on the material surface, effectively preventing the spread of flames and the transfer of heat.

[0023] Meanwhile, the raw materials for the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer also include zinc borate, which can react with ammonium polyphosphate at high temperatures to promote the formation of a more stable, denser, and ceramic-like robust carbon layer, significantly improving the thermal insulation integrity and durability of the expanded carbon layer; at the same time, zinc borate itself is also a highly efficient smoke suppressant, which can capture free radicals and smoke particles generated during combustion in the gas phase and condensed phase. In synergy with ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite system, it can significantly reduce the total smoke and smoke toxicity during material combustion and improve the flame retardant rating.

[0024] In summary, this technical solution achieves excellent flame retardancy through the synergistic combination of ammonium polyphosphate, expandable graphite, and zinc borate, thereby improving the fire resistance of the stone-crystal flooring. Furthermore, this technical solution employs a halogen-free design, avoiding the problems of toxic gases and secondary pollution generated during the combustion of halogen-based flame retardants.

[0025] Secondly, the raw materials for the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer of this technical solution also include polyurethane acrylate resin, photoinitiator, and nano-alumina. After absorbing ultraviolet light, the photoinitiator generates active free radicals, initiating rapid free radical polymerization of the acrylate double bonds in the polyurethane acrylate resin and perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, increasing the crosslinking density. Simultaneously, the polyurethane acrylate resin and perfluoropolyether acrylate resin contain flexible segments, allowing them to jointly construct a highly crosslinked and resilient three-dimensional network structure under the action of the photoinitiator. During this polymerization process, the organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, with its unsaturated double bonds on its surface, forms a strong chemical bond with the aforementioned three-dimensional network. Furthermore, the montmorillonite, uniformly dispersed in nanosheet form within the organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, acts like countless tiny rigid skeletons, playing a crucial reinforcing role in the resin matrix by bearing stress, resisting deformation, and hindering crack propagation. In addition, nano-alumina, as a high-hardness particulate filler, is also uniformly dispersed and embedded within the three-dimensional network, directly bearing and resisting mechanical friction and scratches. Ultimately, through the synergistic effect of the strong and tough network of the resin matrix, the skeletal reinforcement of the montmorillonite nanosheets, and the rigid support of the nano-alumina, the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer achieves a balance of rigidity and flexibility at the molecular level, thereby jointly endowing the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer with excellent hardness, scratch resistance, and wear resistance.

[0026] Furthermore, the raw materials for the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer of this technical solution also include silicone-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite and perfluoropolyether acrylate resin. The perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, as a film-forming agent, contains fluorocarbon chains (CF bonds) that provide extremely low surface energy, effectively reducing the wetting and spreading of liquid stains. The introduced silicone-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite is grafted onto the silicone segments on the montmorillonite surface using coupling agents such as γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570). Working synergistically with the fluorocarbon chains, it forms a denser and more stable low surface energy barrier on the coating surface, further enhancing the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer, thus giving it better stain resistance.

[0027] Furthermore, as described above, during the photocuring process of polyurethane acrylate resins and other resins initiated by the photoinitiator, nano-alumina particles are dispersed in a three-dimensional network structure. During this dispersion process, some nano-alumina particles become exposed or protrude from the surface of the three-dimensional network structure (i.e., the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer), thus forming a micro-nano rough structure with the polyurethane acrylate resins and other resins. In this micro-nano rough structure, the protruding nano-alumina particles and low-surface-energy segments (fluorocarbon chains and organosilicon segments) together constitute the physical support points of the hydrophobic interface. When a droplet contacts the surface, the hard protrusions encased in low-surface-energy materials become the main contact points, while the recessed areas between the protrusions trap a large amount of air, forming a stable air cushion layer. The composite interface composed of low surface energy protrusions and air-trapping grooves greatly reduces the actual contact area between droplets (such as oil or water) and the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer, thereby significantly increasing the water-oil contact angle, making it difficult for droplets to wet and spread, and making them easy to roll off, ultimately enhancing hydrophobicity and oleophobicity, and improving stain resistance.

[0028] Finally, silver (Ag) loaded between or on the surface of montmorillonite layers in organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite. + or Ag 0 Montmorillonite achieves broad-spectrum and potent immediate sterilization by disrupting bacterial cell membranes and binding to enzyme proteins to block the respiratory chain. Simultaneously, the nanosheet structure of montmorillonite provides sustained release and protection for silver, resulting in a more durable and stable antibacterial effect and preventing excessive silver aggregation or inactivation.

[0029] Zinc borate can also achieve excellent and long-lasting antibacterial properties through the release of zinc ions and photocatalysis. The reasons are: (1) Zinc ions are positively charged and easily bind to negatively charged phospholipids and proteins in the cell membrane of bacteria (such as bacteria or fungi), causing perforation of the cell membrane structure of the bacteria and leakage of contents such as potassium ions and adenosine triphosphate, thereby blocking the life activities of the bacteria and playing a bactericidal effect; (2) Zinc ions bind to thiol groups and carboxyl groups in the bacteria, inhibiting the activity of key enzymes (such as dehydrogenases) and blocking energy metabolism; (3) Zinc ions are embedded in the DNA chain, interfering with the activity of RNA polymerase and DNA helicase, and preventing the proliferation of bacteria.

[0030] The micro-nano rough structure of the fireproof and stain-resistant surface layer is beneficial to improving antibacterial properties. The specific principle is as follows: (1) The micro-nano rough structure and micro-nano porous structure of the glaze greatly increase its specific surface area, allowing antibacterial components (such as silver ions and zinc ions) to be more fully exposed on the surface, thereby providing more abundant reactive sites. The increase of the above-mentioned reactive sites allows the antibacterial components to come into contact with bacteria more efficiently and trigger a reaction, thereby accelerating the killing or growth inhibition process of bacteria. (2) The sharp edges of the micro-nano rough structure can directly pierce the cell wall or biofilm of bacteria when in contact with them, causing physical damage to the bacteria, thereby providing additional protection for antibacterial performance.

[0031] It should be noted that in the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer formulation of this technical solution, ammonium polyphosphate and nano-alumina are both white powders, forming the light-colored base of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer; expandable graphite is a black flaky powder, which is the main source of the gray tone; and organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite usually appears grayish-white or light yellow. During the UV curing process, the above-mentioned inorganic raw materials are uniformly dispersed in a matrix formed by transparent polyurethane acrylate resin and other resins. Because the refractive index of the inorganic raw materials is different from that of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer, when light shines on the surface of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer, strong Mie scattering occurs at the interface between the inorganic filler particles and the resin, thus completely covering the resin's body color, making the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer appear light gray, giving the stone crystal flooring a decorative effect. Furthermore, this technical solution only sets a substrate layer and a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer, and does not require a color film layer to give the stone crystal flooring a decorative effect. It also does not require a separate wear-resistant layer to achieve high wear resistance, which helps to reduce the number of layers in the stone crystal flooring, thereby simplifying its structure.

[0032] The molecular formula of perfluoropolyether methacrylate is [CF(CF3)CF2O] n -CH2-O-COC(CH3)=CH2.

[0033] Preferably, the photoinitiator includes at least one of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, and phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide.

[0034] Preferably, the particle size of the nano-alumina is 10-30 nm.

[0035] To further explain, the mixing ratio of the expandable graphite and the ammonium polyphosphate, calculated by mass ratio, is 1:(2-3).

[0036] This technical solution limits the mixing ratio of expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate. At this ratio, ammonium polyphosphate acts as both an acid and gas source, providing sufficient polyphosphate upon thermal decomposition to catalyze the dehydration and carbonization of the material and release gas. Simultaneously, sufficient expandable graphite rapidly expands at high temperatures, its worm-like carbon structure providing a robust framework for the carbon layer. When the amounts of both are matched, the viscous liquid carbon catalyzed by ammonium polyphosphate effectively encapsulates, fills, and binds the "worm-like" framework of the expandable graphite. This avoids the problem of insufficient ammonium polyphosphate leading to a loose and brittle carbon layer, or excessive ammonium polyphosphate failing to effectively bind all the graphite, resulting in reduced barrier efficiency. This ensures flame retardancy and improves fire resistance.

[0037] Further explanation: The preparation method of the organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite is as follows: 5-10 parts of montmorillonite and 40-50 parts of silver nitrate solution are mixed evenly according to mass fractions to obtain a first mixed solution; the first mixed solution is cooled to 10-15℃, and 5-6 parts of ascorbic acid solution are added dropwise to the cooled first mixed solution. The mixture is kept warm and stirred until the ascorbic acid solution is completely added, and then reacted at 60-70℃ for 2-3 hours. After washing and drying, silver-loaded montmorillonite is obtained; 5-6 parts of silver-loaded montmorillonite, 20-30 parts of anhydrous ethanol, and 1-2 parts of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane are mixed evenly to obtain a second mixed solution; the temperature of the second mixed solution is raised to 50-60℃, and 6-8 parts of catalyst solution are added dropwise to the heated second mixed solution. The mixture is kept warm and stirred until the catalyst solution is completely added, and then centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite.

[0038] This technical solution optimizes the preparation method of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite by using ascorbic acid, a mild reducing agent, to carry out the reaction at a low temperature (10-15℃). This allows for a more uniform and controllable reduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles, resulting in finer and more stable silver particles loaded on the interlayer and surface of montmorillonite. This avoids the problems of rapid agglomeration and detachment of silver particles from the carrier that may be caused by strong reducing agents such as sodium borohydride, ultimately improving the loading rate and utilization rate of silver. Meanwhile, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is used as a silane coupling agent. Taking advantage of the characteristic that the methacryloxy group in the γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane molecule is a polymerizable acrylate double bond, the resulting organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite can not only bind with montmorillonite through silanol groups, but also copolymerize with polyurethane acrylate resin and perfluoropolyether acrylate resin during UV curing through acrylate double bonds, forming a strong chemical bond. This results in excellent dispersibility and reinforcement in the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer, significantly improving the hardness, wear resistance and durability of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer.

[0039] Preferably, the ascorbic acid content in the ascorbic acid solution is 10-20% by mass percentage.

[0040] Preferably, the silver nitrate content in the silver nitrate solution is 3-5% by mass percentage.

[0041] Preferably, the catalyst solution is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.3 to 0.5 mol / L.

[0042] To further explain, the polyurethane acrylate resin includes difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin and hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin; the mixing ratio of the difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin and the hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin is 1:(2-4) by mass ratio.

[0043] This technical solution defines the polyurethane acrylate resin as including difunctional and hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resins (20-33%), and limits the mixing ratio of the two. The difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin acts as a flexible chain segment, providing necessary molecular flexibility and chain mobility, effectively absorbing stress, and imparting good toughness and adhesion to the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer, preventing brittle cracking. The dominant hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin (67-80%) acts as a high-strength crosslinking point, forming a high-density, high-rigidity three-dimensional network skeleton during UV curing, providing excellent hardness, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance to the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer. In other words, the above mixing ratio ensures sufficient hardness and abrasion resistance while maintaining the toughness required to resist deformation and impact, avoiding the excessive hardness and brittleness often found in pure high-functionality resin systems, thus facilitating the construction of a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer that combines rigidity and flexibility.

[0044] It should be noted that the difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin can be Changxing ETERCURE H518 or Sartoma CN9893 NS, and the specific type is not limited here; the hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin can be Sartoma CN9006 or Boxin B-615, and the specific type is not limited here.

[0045] To further clarify, the weight-average molecular weight of the perfluoropolyether methacrylate is 1000–3000.

[0046] The present invention preferably uses perfluoropolyether methacrylate with a weight average molecular weight of 1000-3000, which is polymerized with other resins of the present invention, such as polyurethane acrylate resin, to give the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer better film-forming properties.

[0047] Further explanation: the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer also include reactive diluents, leveling agents, and organic solvents; calculated by mass parts, the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer include 80-100 parts of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15-20 parts of composite flame retardant, 2-4 parts of zinc borate, 8-12 parts of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, 5-8 parts of nano-alumina, 3-5 parts of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, 3-5 parts of photoinitiator, 10-20 parts of reactive diluent, 0.5-1 part of leveling agent, and 20-30 parts of organic solvent.

[0048] This technology involves adding reactive diluents, leveling agents, and organic solvents to the fire-retardant and stain-resistant topcoat formulation. The reactive diluent reduces viscosity for easier application and participates in the reaction during curing, becoming part of the three-dimensional network structure and adjusting the flexibility of the final fire-retardant and stain-resistant topcoat. The leveling agent eliminates defects such as orange peel and pinholes that occur during application, ensuring an extremely smooth and flat surface for the fire-retardant and stain-resistant topcoat, contributing to uniform stain resistance and aesthetics. The organic solvent helps adjust viscosity and, through controlled evaporation after application, provides sufficient leveling time for the fire-retardant and stain-resistant topcoat, ensuring the formation of a uniform and defect-free wet film before UV curing, laying the foundation for subsequent UV curing. It should be noted that the organic solvent can be propylene glycol methyl ether acetate or dipropylene glycol methyl ether; the specific type is not limited here. The leveling agent can be BYK-333 or BYK-323, etc.; the specific type is not limited here.

[0049] To further explain, the active diluent includes a monofunctional diluent and a difunctional diluent, and the mixing ratio of the difunctional diluent and the monofunctional diluent is 1:(2-3) by mass.

[0050] This technical solution limits the reactive diluent to include both monofunctional and difunctional diluents, and limits the mixing ratio of the two. This allows the reactive diluent obtained by mixing monofunctional and difunctional diluents to not only further reduce viscosity for easier coating, but also to further adjust the hardness and flexibility of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer, making it suitable for both.

[0051] Preferably, the monofunctional diluent includes either isoborneol acrylate or methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate; the difunctional diluent includes either 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate or dipropylene glycol diacrylate.

[0052] Further explanation: the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer also include an adhesion promoter; calculated by mass parts, the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer include 80-100 parts of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15-20 parts of composite flame retardant, 2-4 parts of zinc borate, 8-12 parts of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, 5-8 parts of nano-alumina, 3-5 parts of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, 3-5 parts of photoinitiator, 1-3 parts of adhesion promoter, 10-20 parts of reactive diluent, 0.5-1 part of leveling agent, and 20-30 parts of organic solvent.

[0053] This technical solution enhances the adhesion of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer to the substrate layer by adding an adhesion promoter, thereby improving the interfacial bonding strength between the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer and the substrate layer. This prevents the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer from peeling off during use and extends the service life of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring.

[0054] It should be noted that the adhesion promoter can be Changxing ETERMER 39 (the actual component is 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate) and Hangzhou Jessica Chemical JSC-7400 (the actual component is an unsaturated group phosphate compound).

[0055] To further explain, the raw materials of the substrate layer, calculated by mass parts, include 80-100 parts of polyvinyl chloride masterbatch, 250-350 parts of stone powder, 3-5 parts of zinc molybdate, 1-2 parts of antimony trioxide, 8-12 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 4-5 parts of calcium-zinc stabilizer, and 0.5-1 parts of titanate coupling agent.

[0056] This technical solution significantly improves the rigidity, hardness, and dimensional stability of the substrate by using stone powder as a skeleton in the substrate layer formulation, while effectively reducing costs. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) masterbatch acts as a continuous phase, binding the various components together. Regarding flame retardancy, antimony trioxide, as a highly efficient synergist, reacts with hydrogen chloride produced from the decomposition of PVC masterbatch to generate antimony chloride compounds with asphyxiating effects, synergistically achieving gas-phase flame retardancy with the inherent chlorine element of the system. Simultaneously, zinc molybdate, as a highly efficient smoke suppressant, promotes char formation in the solid phase, reducing the generation of combustible smoke; the combination of these two significantly improves the fire resistance of the substrate layer. Chlorinated polyethylene, as a toughening agent, compensates for the brittleness caused by high filler content and improves impact resistance. The stabilizer and titanate coupling agent together ensure the thermal stability of the substrate layer during high-temperature processing and significantly improve the interfacial bonding force between the inorganic filler stone powder and the organic resin PVC masterbatch, ensuring the uniformity of the material and its final mechanical properties.

[0057] It should be noted that the titanate coupling agent can be bis(dilauryl phosphite)tetraisooctyloxytitanium, and the specific type is not limited here.

[0058] A method for preparing fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring, comprising the following steps: S1. Mixing polyvinyl chloride masterbatch, stone powder, zinc molybdate, antimony trioxide, chlorinated polyethylene, calcium zinc stabilizer and titanate coupling agent uniformly according to the specified ratio to obtain a substrate layer mixture; S2. Mixing polyurethane acrylate resin, composite flame retardant, zinc borate, perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, nano-alumina, organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, photoinitiator, adhesion promoter, reactive diluent, leveling agent and organic solvent uniformly according to the specified ratio to obtain a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture; S3. Adding the substrate layer mixture to a screw extruder for melting and extrusion molding to form a substrate layer; S4. Coating the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture onto the surface of the substrate layer, drying and UV curing to obtain the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring.

[0059] This technical solution also proposes a method for preparing fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate. It is beneficial to simplify the structure while ensuring wear resistance, as well as to ensure stain resistance, fire resistance and antibacterial properties.

[0060] Preferably, step S4 specifically involves: performing corona treatment on the surface of the substrate layer, applying the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture to the surface of the corona-treated substrate layer, and obtaining the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor after drying and UV curing.

[0061] By applying corona treatment to the surface of the substrate layer, the surface energy of the substrate layer can be increased instantly and significantly, greatly improving the wettability and chemical bonding force of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer. This further enhances the interfacial bonding strength between the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer and the substrate layer, thereby increasing the service life of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring.

[0062] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments.

[0063] Performance testing: Surface effect: Observe the surface color of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor with the naked eye.

[0064] Abrasion resistance: The abrasion tester was used to simulate daily wear on the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring to be tested. The rotation speed was 60 r / min and the load was 500g. The mass loss after 1000 revolutions was measured.

[0065] Stain resistance: The stain resistance was tested according to the test methods in GB / T 17657-2022 Test methods for physical and chemical properties of wood-based panels and decorative wood-based panels.

[0066] Fire resistance performance: Fire resistance performance was tested according to GB 8624-2012 (Classification of Combustion Performance of Building Materials).

[0067] Antibacterial rate: Sterilize 5cm×5cm fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring for later use; sterilize 5×10cm... 4 CFU test bacterial suspension was inoculated onto the surface of sterilized fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring, covered with sterilized plastic wrap, and placed in a constant temperature incubator at 37°C for 2 hours. After incubation, the sample and the bacterial suspension in the plastic wrap were washed into a petri dish with sterile phosphate-buffered saline, diluted 10 times, and then inoculated into a sterile petri dish. The dish was then placed in a constant temperature incubator at 37°C for 24 hours, and the antibacterial rate was calculated.

[0068] The preparation method of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention is as follows: 5 parts of montmorillonite and 40 parts of silver nitrate solution (containing 4 wt% silver nitrate) are mixed evenly according to mass fractions to obtain a first mixed solution; the first mixed solution is cooled to 15°C, and 5 parts of ascorbic acid solution (containing 15 wt% ascorbic acid) are added dropwise to the cooled first mixed solution, and the mixture is kept warm and stirred until the ascorbic acid solution is completely added. Then, the mixture is kept at 60°C. The reaction was carried out at a certain temperature for 2 hours, and then washed and dried to obtain silver-loaded montmorillonite. 6 parts of silver-loaded montmorillonite, 20 parts of anhydrous ethanol, and 2 parts of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane were mixed evenly to obtain a second mixed solution. The temperature of the second mixed solution was raised to 60℃, and 8 parts of 0.4mol / L sodium hydroxide solution were added dropwise to the heated second mixed solution. The mixture was kept warm and stirred until the catalyst solution was completely added. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite was obtained.

[0069] Example 1 S1. A substrate layer mixture was prepared by uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride masterbatch, 300 parts by weight of stone powder, 5 parts by weight of zinc molybdate, 2 parts by weight of antimony trioxide, 10 parts by weight of chlorinated polyethylene, 4 parts by weight of calcium zinc stabilizer, and 0.5 parts by weight of di(dilauryl phosphite) tetraisooctyloxy titanium. S2. A substrate layer mixture was prepared by uniformly mixing 90 parts by weight of polyurethane acrylate resin, 18 parts by weight of composite flame retardant (mixed with expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate in a ratio of 1:2.5), 4 parts by weight of zinc borate, 12 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin with a weight average molecular weight of 3000, 6 parts by weight of nano-alumina with a particle size of 10 nm, 4 parts by weight of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, 4 parts by weight of photoinitiator (mixed with 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone in a ratio of 1:1), and adhesion promoter (Changxing ETERMER). 39) 2 parts of reactive diluent, 15 parts of leveling agent (BYK-333), and 25 parts of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate are mixed evenly to obtain a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture; wherein, according to the mass ratio, the mixing ratio of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and isobornyl acrylate in the reactive diluent is 1:2; according to the mass ratio, the mixing ratio of the difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin and the hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin in the polyurethane acrylate resin is 1:3; the difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin is Changxing ETERCURE H518; the hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin is Sartoma CN9006; S3. The substrate layer mixture is added to a screw extruder for melting and extrusion molding to form a substrate layer; S4. The surface of the substrate layer is corona treated, and the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture is coated on the surface of the corona-treated substrate layer. After drying and UV curing, a fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor is obtained.

[0070] Example 2 S1. A substrate layer mixture was prepared by uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride masterbatch, 350 parts by weight of stone powder, 4 parts by weight of zinc molybdate, 1 part by weight of antimony trioxide, 12 parts by weight of chlorinated polyethylene, 5 parts by weight of calcium zinc stabilizer, and 1 part by weight of bis(dilauryl phosphite)tetraisooctyloxytitanium. S2. A substrate layer mixture was prepared by uniformly mixing 80 parts by weight of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15 parts by weight of composite flame retardant (mixed with expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate in a 1:2 ratio), 3 parts by weight of zinc borate, 8 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin with a weight average molecular weight of 1000, 8 parts by weight of nano-alumina with a particle size of 20 nm, 3 parts by weight of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, 5 parts by weight of photoinitiator (mixed with 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone in a 1:1 ratio), and adhesion promoter (Changxing ETERMER). 39) 1 part, 10 parts reactive diluent, 0.8 parts leveling agent (BYK-323) and 20 parts propylene glycol methyl ether acetate are mixed evenly to obtain a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture; wherein, according to the mass ratio, the mixing ratio of dipropylene glycol diacrylate and methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate in the reactive diluent is 1:3; according to the mass ratio, the mixing ratio of difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin and hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin in the polyurethane acrylate resin is 1:4; the difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin is Sartoma CN9893 NS; the hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin is Sartoma CN9006; S3. The substrate layer mixture is added to a screw extruder for melting and extrusion molding to form a substrate layer; S4. The surface of the substrate layer is corona treated, and the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture is coated on the surface of the corona-treated substrate layer. After drying and UV curing, a fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor is obtained.

[0071] Example 3 S1. A substrate layer mixture was prepared by uniformly mixing 90 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride masterbatch, 250 parts by weight of stone powder, 3 parts by weight of zinc molybdate, 1 part by weight of antimony trioxide, 8 parts by weight of chlorinated polyethylene, 4 parts by weight of calcium zinc stabilizer, and 0.5 parts by weight of bis(dilauryl phosphite) tetraisooctyloxy titanium. S2. A substrate layer mixture was prepared by uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of polyurethane acrylate resin, 20 parts by weight of composite flame retardant (mixed with expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate in a 1:3 ratio), 2 parts by weight of zinc borate, 10 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin with a weight average molecular weight of 2000, 5 parts by weight of nano-alumina with a particle size of 25 nm, 5 parts by weight of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, 3 parts by weight of photoinitiator (mixed with 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone in a 1:1 ratio), and adhesion promoter (Changxing ETERMER). 39) 3 parts, 20 parts reactive diluent, 0.5 parts leveling agent (BYK-333) and 30 parts propylene glycol methyl ether acetate are mixed evenly to obtain a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture; wherein, according to the mass ratio, the mixing ratio of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate in the reactive diluent is 1:3; according to the mass ratio, the mixing ratio of difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin and hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin in the polyurethane acrylate resin is 1:3; the difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin is Changxing ETERCURE H518; the hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin is Boxin B-615; S3. The substrate layer mixture is added to a screw extruder for melting and extrusion molding to form a substrate layer; S4. The surface of the substrate layer is corona treated, and the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture is coated on the surface of the corona-treated substrate layer. After drying and UV curing, a fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor is obtained.

[0072] Comparative Example 1: The preparation method and raw materials of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1. The difference is that no composite flame retardant is added to the fireproof and stain-resistant surface layer of this comparative example.

[0073] Comparative Example 2: The preparation method and raw materials of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1. The difference is that the fireproof and stain-resistant surface layer of this comparative example does not contain organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite.

[0074] Comparative Example 3 uses the same preparation method and raw materials as Example 1, except that this comparative example does not have a fireproof and stain-resistant surface layer.

[0075] The performance of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring prepared in the examples and comparative examples was tested, and the results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Performance test results of different fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring in the examples and comparative examples

[0076] As shown in Table 1, the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring obtained by this technical solution is light gray in color, has a wear loss of ≤18mg, a stain resistance rating of 5, a fire resistance rating of at least A2, an antibacterial rate of >90% against Escherichia coli, and an antibacterial rate of >90% against Staphylococcus aureus. It has high wear resistance, excellent stain resistance, fire resistance, and antibacterial properties to meet actual usage requirements.

[0077] The technical principles of the present invention have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are merely for explaining the principles of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the invention in any way. Based on this explanation, those skilled in the art can readily conceive of other specific embodiments of the invention without inventive effort, and these embodiments will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor, characterized in that, The material comprises a substrate layer and a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer, by weight, comprises 80-100 parts of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15-20 parts of composite flame retardant, 2-4 parts of zinc borate, 8-12 parts of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, 5-8 parts of nano-alumina, 3-5 parts of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, and 3-5 parts of photoinitiator. The composite flame retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite.

2. The fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing ratio of the expandable graphite and the ammonium polyphosphate is 1:(2-3) based on the mass ratio.

3. The fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite is as follows: according to the mass fraction, 5-10 parts of montmorillonite and 40-50 parts of silver nitrate solution are mixed evenly to obtain the first mixed solution; The first mixed solution was cooled to 10–15°C, and 5–6 parts of ascorbic acid solution were added dropwise to the cooled first mixed solution. The mixture was kept warm and stirred until the ascorbic acid solution was completely added. Then, the mixture was reacted at 60–70°C for 2–3 hours. After washing and drying, silver-loaded montmorillonite was obtained. 5–6 parts of silver-loaded montmorillonite, 20–30 parts of anhydrous ethanol, and 1–2 parts of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane were mixed evenly to obtain a second mixed solution. The temperature of the second mixed solution was raised to 50–60°C, and 6–8 parts of catalyst solution were added dropwise to the heated second mixed solution. The mixture was kept warm and stirred until the catalyst solution was completely added. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite was obtained.

4. The fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polyurethane acrylate resin includes a difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin and a hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin; the mixing ratio of the difunctional polyurethane acrylate resin and the hexafunctional polyurethane acrylate resin is 1:(2-4) by mass ratio.

5. The fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight-average molecular weight of the perfluoropolyether methacrylate is 1000–3000.

6. The fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer also include reactive diluents, leveling agents, and organic solvents; calculated by mass parts, the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer include 80-100 parts of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15-20 parts of composite flame retardant, 2-4 parts of zinc borate, 8-12 parts of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, 5-8 parts of nano-alumina, 3-5 parts of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, 3-5 parts of photoinitiator, 10-20 parts of reactive diluent, 0.5-1 part of leveling agent, and 20-30 parts of organic solvent.

7. The fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active diluent includes a monofunctional diluent and a difunctional diluent, and the mixing ratio of the difunctional diluent and the monofunctional diluent is 1:(2-3) by mass.

8. The fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring according to claim 7, characterized in that, The raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer also include an adhesion promoter; calculated by mass parts, the raw materials of the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer include 80-100 parts of polyurethane acrylate resin, 15-20 parts of composite flame retardant, 2-4 parts of zinc borate, 8-12 parts of perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, 5-8 parts of nano-alumina, 3-5 parts of organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, 3-5 parts of photoinitiator, 1-3 parts of adhesion promoter, 10-20 parts of reactive diluent, 0.5-1 part of leveling agent, and 20-30 parts of organic solvent.

9. A fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The raw materials of the substrate layer, calculated by mass parts, include 80-100 parts of polyvinyl chloride masterbatch, 250-350 parts of stone powder, 3-5 parts of zinc molybdate, 1-2 parts of antimony trioxide, 8-12 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 4-5 parts of calcium-zinc stabilizer, and 0.5-1 parts of titanate coupling agent.

10. A method for preparing a fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal floor, characterized in that, The method for preparing the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring as described in claim 9 comprises the following steps: S1. Mixing polyvinyl chloride masterbatch, stone powder, zinc molybdate, antimony trioxide, chlorinated polyethylene, calcium zinc stabilizer, and titanate coupling agent uniformly according to the specified ratio to obtain a substrate layer mixture; S2. Mixing polyurethane acrylate resin, composite flame retardant, zinc borate, perfluoropolyether acrylate resin, nano-alumina, organosilicon-modified silver-loaded montmorillonite, photoinitiator, adhesion promoter, reactive diluent, leveling agent, and organic solvent uniformly according to the specified ratio to obtain a fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture; S3. Adding the substrate layer mixture to a screw extruder for melting and extrusion molding to form a substrate layer; S4. Coating the fire-resistant and stain-resistant surface layer mixture onto the surface of the substrate layer, drying, and UV curing to obtain the fire-resistant and stain-resistant stone crystal flooring.

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