Flexible parallel operation control method and device for BMS (Battery Management System) and computer equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible parallel operation control method and device for a BMS (Battery Management System) and computer equipment. The method comprises the following steps: collecting and analyzing key parameters of each device in a system under the condition of establishing reliable and stable communication connection among all devices in the system; according to a mode set by a user, determining a priority and a logic sequence of starting equipment; the system state is monitored in real time, and the equipment working state is intelligently switched at a set time; and controlling the equipment to switch the working state at the corresponding working state switching time point. By implementing the method provided by the invention, the cost can be effectively controlled without depending on the support of external equipment, and meanwhile, the method has the capability of processing differential pressure, so that the compatibility and parallel operation efficiency of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to BMS systems, and more specifically to flexible parallel control methods, devices, and computer equipment for BMS systems. Background Technology

[0002] In parallel applications of BMS (Battery Management System), voltage differences between different systems, known as differential voltage, often become a major obstacle to achieving efficient and safe parallel operation. These differential voltages can lead to parallel failure and may cause a series of problems, including but not limited to system malfunctions and equipment damage.

[0003] Currently, the industry mainly adopts the following three parallel operation strategies to address this issue: First, pre-charge parallel operation, which requires pre-charging the system with the lowest voltage using an external charging device before parallel operation to balance the voltage levels of each system. While this method effectively reduces the risks caused by voltage imbalance, its implementation is complex, relies on additional hardware support, and requires a considerable amount of time to complete, thus limiting its application scope. Second, current-limiting protection parallel operation, which utilizes the current-limiting module integrated within the BMS system to automatically adjust the current during parallel operation to prevent large circulating currents. Although this method reduces the need for manual intervention and improves the system's adaptability, the high cost of the current-limiting module and the long-term reliability issues of its power components increase the overall solution cost and introduce certain risks. Third, unprotected direct parallel operation, where some low-cost systems choose to directly ignore circulating current protection or differential voltage handling mechanisms. This approach is prone to generating large circulating currents when facing large voltage differences, thus triggering the system's overcurrent protection mechanism. These systems typically require manual intervention for pre-charging or other remedial measures, have low automation levels, and pose potential safety hazards such as cable overheating and accelerated equipment aging.

[0004] In summary, existing BMS parallel solutions face significant challenges in balancing flexibility, security, cost-effectiveness, and automation levels.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a new method that can achieve both the ability to handle differential pressure without relying on external equipment support and to effectively control costs, thereby improving system compatibility and parallel operation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a flexible parallel control method, device and computer equipment for BMS systems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a flexible parallel control method for a BMS system, comprising:

[0008] Under the premise of establishing reliable and stable communication connections between all devices in the system, collect and analyze the key parameters of each device in the system;

[0009] Determine the priority and logical order of device startup based on the user-defined mode;

[0010] Monitor system status in real time and intelligently switch device operating status at set times;

[0011] The control device switches its operating state at the corresponding time point.

[0012] Its further technical solution is as follows: Under the condition of establishing a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices in the system, key parameters of each device in the system are collected and analyzed, including:

[0013] With a reliable and stable communication connection established between all devices in the system, the voltage is read in real time without charging or discharging, and the maximum transient circulating current generated after closure is estimated by combining the estimated line resistance and internal resistance values.

[0014] The further technical solution is as follows: the mode includes a parallel operation strategy of high first and then low or low first and then high, and the mode is configured at the factory according to the usage scenario.

[0015] The further technical solution is as follows: determining the priority and logical order of device startup based on the user-defined mode includes:

[0016] When adopting a high-to-low strategy, the highest voltage module is closed in the discharge scenario, and the second highest voltage module is gradually connected. In the charging scenario, the lowest voltage module is processed.

[0017] The further technical solution is as follows: the real-time monitoring system status and intelligent switching of device working status at a set time include:

[0018] Continuously collect operating voltage and key parameters;

[0019] In the discharge scenario, as the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to the required level, other modules are closed sequentially. In the charging scenario, other modules are gradually connected by disconnecting the current path and confirming the successful closure of the new path.

[0020] A further technical solution is as follows: the control device switches its working state at the corresponding working state switching time point, including:

[0021] During the discharge process, the next module is closed when the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to a certain condition, or a new charging path is closed after confirming that there is no reverse current during charging.

[0022] This invention also provides a flexible parallel control device for a BMS system, comprising:

[0023] The collection unit is used to collect and analyze key parameters of each device in the system, provided that a reliable and stable communication connection has been established between all devices in the system.

[0024] The determination unit is used to determine the priority and logical order of device startup based on the user-defined mode.

[0025] The monitoring unit is used to monitor the system status in real time and intelligently switch the device's working status at set times;

[0026] The control unit is used to control the device to switch its working state at the corresponding working state switching time.

[0027] The further technical solution is as follows: The collection unit is used to read the voltage in real time under the condition of no charging and no discharging, while establishing a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices in the system, and to estimate the maximum transient circulating current generated after closure by combining the estimated line resistance and internal resistance values.

[0028] The present invention also provides a computer device, the computer device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the above-described method.

[0029] The present invention also provides a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0030] The advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are as follows: By establishing a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices within the system, this invention collects and analyzes key parameters of each device, intelligently determines the priority and logical sequence of device startup based on user-defined modes, and monitors the system status in real time to intelligently switch the operating states of devices at the optimal time. This achieves efficient and safe device paralleling without relying on external equipment support. This process not only effectively controls costs but also handles voltage differences by dynamically adjusting the operating states of each device, ensuring system compatibility and paralleling efficiency. Furthermore, this method utilizes internally integrated control logic and real-time monitoring mechanisms to replace traditional current-limiting modules or external charging devices, further reducing hardware costs while improving system flexibility and response speed. This allows the entire system to adapt to the needs of various application scenarios without increasing additional complexity.

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the flexible parallel control method for a BMS system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic block diagram of a flexible parallel control device for a BMS system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic block diagram of a computer device provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0038] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0039] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0040] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a flowchart illustrating the flexible parallel control method for a BMS system provided in this embodiment of the invention. This flexible parallel control method is applied to a server. The method establishes a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices, collects and analyzes key parameters of each device in real time, and determines the priority and logical order of device startup based on user-defined parallel strategies (high-to-low or low-to-high). In discharge or charging scenarios, the system continuously monitors the operating voltage and other key parameters, intelligently switching device operating states to ensure seamless module access at the optimal time. Simultaneously, it precisely controls the switching of device operating states at the corresponding time points to avoid circulating current issues. This method does not rely on external equipment support, reducing costs and possessing the ability to handle voltage differentials, thereby improving system compatibility and parallel efficiency. This allows the system to adapt to different application scenarios and battery characteristics, achieving efficient and safe energy management.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the flexible parallel control method for a BMS system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps S110 to S140.

[0042] S110. Under the condition of establishing a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices in the system, collect and analyze the key parameters of each device in the system.

[0043] In this embodiment, with a reliable and stable communication connection established between all devices in the system, the voltage is read in real time without charging or discharging, and the maximum transient circulating current generated after closure is estimated by combining the estimated line resistance and internal resistance values.

[0044] In the aforementioned flexible parallel control method for the BMS system, step S110 involves establishing a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices, and on this basis, collecting and analyzing the key parameters of each device within the system. This process is fundamental to achieving intelligent, safe, and stable system operation.

[0045] Specifically, in this embodiment, when neither charging nor discharging (i.e., in a static state), the system reads the voltage value of each battery module in real time through an established stable communication connection. This step is crucial for subsequent operations because it provides basic information about the current state of the battery, which is essential for assessing the system's health and preparing for the next steps.

[0046] To further ensure system safety and stability, the system incorporates pre-configured estimated line resistance and internal resistance values ​​to predict the maximum transient circulating current that may occur after closure. Here, "line resistance" refers to the resistance of the wires connecting the battery modules, and "internal resistance" refers to the resistance inside the battery. By calculating the impact of these two factors on the current, the maximum transient circulating current that may occur when two or more battery modules are connected in parallel can be accurately predicted.

[0047] The advantage of this forecasting method is that:

[0048] Safety: Identify potential high circulating current risks in advance, and take measures to avoid damage caused by high current.

[0049] Efficiency: Making decisions based on precise data analysis, rather than relying on experience or rough estimates, makes the entire system more efficient.

[0050] Adaptability: Allows the system to automatically adjust its behavior according to different pressure differentials, improving its ability to handle different scenarios.

[0051] Therefore, in step S110, by collecting and analyzing the key parameters of each device, especially considering factors such as voltage, line resistance, and internal resistance, this method can effectively assess the potential risks during parallel operation and formulate corresponding strategies to optimize system performance, ensuring safe and reliable parallel operation even in the presence of voltage differences. This not only reduces the need for manual intervention but also improves the overall system compatibility and parallel operation efficiency.

[0052] S120. Determine the priority and logical order of device startup based on the user-defined mode.

[0053] In this embodiment, the mode includes a parallel operation strategy of high-to-low or low-to-high, and the mode is configured at the factory according to the usage scenario.

[0054] When adopting a high-to-low strategy, the highest voltage module is closed in the discharge scenario, and the second highest voltage module is gradually connected. In the charging scenario, the lowest voltage module is processed.

[0055] In step S120, determining the priority and logical sequence of the starting devices according to the user-defined mode is a key step in realizing the flexible parallel control method. This step aims to ensure that the system can safely and efficiently complete the parallel operation of the battery modules under different operating states (discharging, charging, or resting). Specifically, the modes in this embodiment are divided into "high-to-low" or "low-to-high" parallel strategies, and these strategies are pre-configured at the factory according to the specific usage scenario.

[0056] High-to-low: In this mode, the system prioritizes processing battery modules with higher voltages. This strategy is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring a rapid increase in system voltage or power output.

[0057] Low-to-high: Conversely, in this mode, the system prioritizes battery modules with lower voltages. This helps balance the voltage level across the entire system, preventing some modules from running out of power prematurely.

[0058] Logical order in a discharge scenario (taking high-to-low as an example):

[0059] Closing the highest voltage module: When the system detects that it is in a discharging state, the system will first close the battery module with the highest voltage to start it from running under load.

[0060] Real-time monitoring and gradual integration: The system continuously monitors the voltage of the currently operating battery module. Once its voltage drops to the voltage of the second-highest voltage module minus the internal resistance voltage drop, the system immediately shuts down the second-highest voltage module.

[0061] Slide-in connection: Similarly, other battery modules are connected step by step in order of voltage from high to low. All modules can be connected in a "slide-in" manner after the conditions are met, achieving zero-impact parallel operation.

[0062] The logical order of charging (again, taking high-to-low as an example):

[0063] Confirm charging status: The system first confirms that it is in a charging state and waits for at least 30 seconds to avoid false judgments of energy recovery.

[0064] Disconnect reverse current path: To ensure there is no reverse current, the system will first disconnect the discharge side of the current charging module.

[0065] Prioritize the lowest voltage module: Subsequently, the system closes the charging side of the lowest voltage module and confirms successful closure.

[0066] Gradually increase the voltage: Then disconnect the charging paths of other devices and close the discharge circuit of the lowest voltage module, forming a charging path that prioritizes the lowest voltage module. Subsequent modules are then connected in sequence as their voltages gradually increase.

[0067] This user-defined approach significantly improves the system's flexibility and adaptability. Whether in distributed energy storage, electric vehicle battery pack management, or emergency power supply scenarios, it allows for the selection of the most suitable parallel operation strategy based on actual needs, thereby optimizing system performance, improving efficiency, reducing manual intervention, and lowering operating costs.

[0068] This approach not only effectively avoids the problem of large circulating currents caused by voltage differences, but also ensures the intelligent, safe, and stable operation of the entire system, promoting the energy storage industry towards greater intelligence and modularity.

[0069] S130: Monitors system status in real time and intelligently switches device operating status at set times.

[0070] Step S130 is a key step in realizing the flexible parallel control method. It ensures the safe, stable and efficient operation of the entire system by monitoring the system's operating status in real time and automatically switching the working status of the equipment at appropriate times.

[0071] In one embodiment, step S130 described above may include steps S131 to S132.

[0072] S131, continuously collect operating voltage and key parameters.

[0073] During this phase, the system needs to continuously collect data on the current operating voltage and other key parameters (such as current and internal resistance) from each battery module. This data is crucial for determining the status of each module and deciding on the next steps.

[0074] Voltage monitoring: The system reads the voltage values ​​of all modules to be paralleled in real time. This is the basis for determining whether parallel operation can be performed.

[0075] Current monitoring: By monitoring the current, the system can understand the charging and discharging status of the system and adjust the parallel operation strategy accordingly.

[0076] Internal resistance and other parameter monitoring: In addition to voltage and current, the system also needs to consider other factors such as internal resistance in order to more accurately assess potential circulating current risks and other factors that may affect system stability.

[0077] S132. In the discharge scenario, as the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to the required level, other modules are closed sequentially. In the charging scenario, other modules are gradually connected by disconnecting the current path and confirming the successful closure of the new path.

[0078] Based on the data collected earlier, the system will execute corresponding operations according to a preset logical sequence to complete the intelligent switching of the device's working state.

[0079] Operational procedures in discharge scenarios:

[0080] Start the highest voltage module: First, the system will close the battery module with the highest voltage, so that it can start running under load.

[0081] Real-time monitoring and phased integration: As the highest voltage module operates, the system will continuously monitor its voltage changes. Once the voltage of this module drops to the voltage of the second highest voltage module minus the internal resistance voltage drop, the system will immediately shut down the second highest voltage module.

[0082] Slide-in connection: Similarly, other battery modules are connected step by step in order of voltage from high to low. All modules can be connected in a "slide-in" manner after the conditions are met, achieving zero-impact parallel operation and ensuring that the entire process has no significant impact on the load.

[0083] Operation process in charging scenarios:

[0084] Confirm charging status and wait: The system first confirms that it is in a charging state and waits for at least 30 seconds to prevent false energy recovery judgments.

[0085] Disconnect reverse current path: To ensure there is no reverse current, the system will first disconnect the discharge side of the current charging module.

[0086] Prioritize the lowest voltage module: Subsequently, the system closes the charging side of the lowest voltage module and confirms successful closure.

[0087] Gradually increase the voltage: Then disconnect the charging paths of other devices and close the discharge circuit of the lowest voltage module, forming a charging path that prioritizes the lowest voltage module. Subsequent modules are then connected in sequence as their voltages gradually increase.

[0088] Through the aforementioned steps S131 and S132, a highly intelligent parallel control method is provided, which not only reduces the need for manual intervention but also improves system safety and stability. This method is particularly suitable for various fields such as distributed energy storage and electric vehicle battery pack management, and can automatically adapt to and optimize the system's operating mode in different application scenarios, thereby improving overall efficiency and user experience. Furthermore, this method can significantly reduce system complexity and cost, enhancing the product's market competitiveness.

[0089] S140. The control device switches its working state at the corresponding working state switching time point.

[0090] In this embodiment, during the discharge process, when the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to a certain condition, the next module is closed, or during charging, a new charging path is closed after confirming that there is no reverse current.

[0091] In the flexible parallel control method, step S140 aims to precisely control the timing of equipment operating state switching, ensuring the safe, stable, and efficient operation of the entire system. This process involves monitoring and analyzing the real-time status of the system and making intelligent judgments based on preset conditions to determine when to execute the equipment operating state switching.

[0092] During discharge, to prevent large circulating currents caused by voltage differences, the system needs to connect each battery module step by step according to a specific logical sequence. Specifically:

[0093] Start the highest voltage module: First, the absolute host will select the battery module with the highest voltage in the current system to start the load operation.

[0094] Continuous monitoring and dynamic evaluation: As the highest voltage module operates, the system will continuously monitor its voltage changes and other key parameters (such as current, internal resistance, etc.).

[0095] Determine the timing for closing the next module: When the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to the voltage of the second highest voltage module minus the internal resistance voltage drop (I×), the system will automatically close the second highest voltage module when the set safe access conditions are met.

[0096] This process is continuous and automated. All modules will "slide in" into the system in sequence after meeting their respective conditions, achieving zero-impact parallel operation and thus ensuring that the load is not significantly affected by fluctuations.

[0097] During charging, to avoid the potential risks posed by reverse current, the system needs to adopt a more cautious operating strategy to manage the switching of the device's operating state. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0098] Confirm charging status: The system first needs to confirm that it is indeed in a charging state and wait at least 30 seconds to avoid false judgments of energy recovery.

[0099] Disconnect reverse current path: To ensure there is no reverse current, the system will first disconnect the discharge side of the current charging module.

[0100] The charging path for the lowest voltage module is closed:

[0101] The system then closes the charging side of the lowest voltage module and confirms that the operation was successfully completed.

[0102] In this step, it is particularly important to ensure that the load transfer has been completed before closing the new charging path, in order to reduce the risk of surges that may occur at the moment of closure.

[0103] Gradually increasing voltage: Next, the system will disconnect the charging paths of other devices and then close the discharge circuit of the lowest voltage module, forming a charging path that prioritizes the lowest voltage module. Other modules will then be connected sequentially as their voltages gradually increase.

[0104] Through the above steps, S140 can not only effectively control the device to switch operating states at the corresponding time points, but also significantly improve the system's safety and stability. This method is particularly suitable for multiple fields such as distributed energy storage and electric vehicle battery pack management, and can automatically adapt to and optimize the system's operating mode under different application scenarios, thereby improving overall efficiency and user experience. In addition, this method greatly reduces dependence on hardware specifications and charging topologies, and has the ability to adapt to multiple voltage platforms and multiple communication architectures, serving as an important supporting technology for the modular and intelligent development of the future energy storage industry. Through precise timing control, the flexible parallel control method provided in this embodiment can ensure efficient system integration and management without increasing additional hardware costs.

[0105] The method in this embodiment addresses the problems of differential pressure-induced circulating current, reliance on external auxiliary equipment, high cost, and frequent manual intervention inherent in traditional parallel operation methods. The main objectives include:

[0106] Reduce manual intervention and save on operating costs. Reduce the risk of circulating flow caused by pressure differentials in the system. Improve the energy efficiency of the system. Reduce system complexity and enhance the product's market competitiveness. Adjust operating conditions based on pressure differentials.

[0107] First, the system must operate under stable underlying communication. Second, the absolute host within the system coordinates all device data and then identifies the user-preset mode to execute subsequent logic. If a "high-to-low" approach is used, the absolute host controls the device with the highest voltage to start operating. During normal device operation, diagnostics are performed based on the system current status and voltage parameters of each device. The absolute host selects the appropriate time and device to switch operating states, controlling the timing of the switch to prevent circulating current, ultimately achieving the goal of intelligent, safe, and stable operation of the entire system.

[0108] This method does not rely on current limiting modules or external charging equipment. Through real-time monitoring of the system's internal voltage, current and internal resistance, it enables dynamic parallel connection of devices in any state. It also has the ability to configure strategies of "high first then low" or "low first then high", and can adapt to the current working mode of the system (discharging / charging / idling) to achieve a fully automatic and seamless parallel connection process.

[0109] This parallel operation method uses logic judgment and timing control to manage the switching of circuit states during charging and discharging, ensuring that each device can be safely connected to the system when the voltage difference meets the requirements, thereby significantly improving parallel operation efficiency and system reliability.

[0110] This parallel control method can be widely applied to BMS systems based on solid-state relays (SSRs) or MOSFETs. In such systems, the circuit switching response is rapid, the control accuracy is high, and no arcing is generated during the closing and opening processes. Therefore, the fast closing and switching logic proposed in this project can be seamlessly applied and fully leverages the advantages of its "differential pressure adaptive parallel operation" algorithm to ensure that the system can still achieve safe and fast module access even without differential pressure limitations.

[0111] This method is also compatible with BMS systems that use traditional electromagnetic relays as loop control elements. However, because electromagnetic relays may experience contact arcing or sparking due to high voltage differentials and high instantaneous currents during loop switching, it is necessary to specifically optimize the loop closing timing and load switching points in actual deployment. For example, before disconnecting the loop, it should be ensured that the load transfer has been completed, and soft-start logic or delayed pre-charge judgment should be added during the closing process to reduce the surge risk at the moment of closing, thereby improving the reliability and service life of relay-type systems.

[0112] In summary, the flexible parallel control method proposed in this embodiment has high portability and engineering practical value. It can be adapted to the mainstream energy storage BMS systems currently on the market. Regardless of whether it uses MOS, solid-state relays or traditional mechanical relays, it can be implemented through reasonable configuration strategies and hardware control logic, which will further enhance the system integration capabilities in the fields of distributed energy storage, electric vehicle integration systems, and home energy storage.

[0113] This embodiment provides a flexible parallel operation method for BMS systems, aiming to solve a series of engineering bottlenecks caused by system voltage differences, external device dependence, high hardware costs, and rigid operating modes during the parallel operation of multiple BMS systems. By constructing a control strategy based on internal voltage assessment and dynamic decision-making, this embodiment can achieve an automatic parallel operation process of multiple devices without the aid of external charging equipment or current limiting hardware, enabling self-adaptation, self-judgment, and self-switching.

[0114] The common parallel operation methods currently used in the industry have the following drawbacks:

[0115] Pre-charge method: In the initial stage of parallel operation, an external charger is required to maintain and charge the device with the lowest voltage until the voltage of all devices is balanced before they can be connected to the system. Although this method is simple to control, it is highly dependent on external equipment, has complex deployment, and is time-consuming.

[0116] Current limiting protection method: The system integrates a current limiting module to prevent circulating current during the process of powering from the high voltage side to the low voltage side. However, this method increases the cost of BMS, and the stability of the current limiting circuit is limited by the performance of the components, which poses a risk of failure.

[0117] Unprotected blind connection: Blindly connecting in parallel without protection will cause large circulating current due to voltage difference, leading to serious consequences such as overcurrent protection failure, fuse blowing, and MOSFET burnout; the system basically relies on manual power replenishment, with low automation.

[0118] To overcome the above shortcomings, this embodiment proposes a parallel operation method with differential pressure compatibility and flexible charging / discharging state awareness, which mainly includes the following key strategies:

[0119] Strategy Selection: The system supports two parallel operation strategies: "high first, low later" or "low first, high later". This strategy can be configured at the factory according to the usage scenario (such as electric vehicles, battery expansion, home energy storage, etc.) to adapt to different control habits and battery characteristics.

[0120] Initial system standby judgment and differential voltage assessment: When all devices to be paralleled are in a standby state (i.e., neither charging nor discharging), the system reads the voltage of all modules in real time and, in conjunction with the estimated line resistance + internal resistance value set in the configuration file (this value can be set to 10mΩ in a system with no less than 10 series connections), estimates the maximum transient circulating current that may occur after closure. If the estimated maximum circulating current is less than the device's allowable current threshold (e.g., a device differential voltage of 100mV, with an estimated circulating current of 10A), the system allows multiple modules to directly close and complete parallel operation under certain differential voltage conditions; otherwise, it enters the sequential closure process executed according to the strategy.

[0121] Dynamic parallel operation in discharge scenarios:

[0122] If the system is detected to be in a discharging state during parallel operation:

[0123] First, close the highest voltage module to allow it to operate under load.

[0124] The system continuously collects its operating voltage;

[0125] When its voltage drops to the voltage of the second highest voltage module minus the internal resistance voltage drop (I×R), the system immediately closes the second highest voltage module;

[0126] By doing so, modules with lower voltage are gradually connected to complete the adaptive parallel operation of the entire system;

[0127] The entire process does not require disconnecting the circuit, and all modules can be "slid-in" into the circuit once the conditions are met, achieving zero-impact parallel operation.

[0128] Dynamic parallel operation in charging scenarios:

[0129] If the system is charging:

[0130] The system initiates a seamless switching process after the confirmation state lasts for 30 seconds (to prevent false judgments about energy recovery);

[0131] First, disconnect the discharge side of the current charging module to ensure there is no reverse current;

[0132] Then close the charging side of the lowest voltage module to confirm successful closure;

[0133] Then disconnect the charging path of other devices and close the discharge circuit of the lowest voltage module;

[0134] A charging path is formed that prioritizes the module with the lowest voltage, and other modules are connected after their voltage is gradually increased.

[0135] The strategy for merging new modules that are already in operation:

[0136] The working module is in a discharging state:

[0137] If this module is not the one with the highest voltage in the system:

[0138] The system first disconnects its charging path;

[0139] The discharge path of the module with the highest closing voltage;

[0140] After confirming that it is closed, disconnect the original equipment discharge path;

[0141] Finally, the charging path of the new module is closed, achieving seamless role replacement;

[0142] If the module happens to be the one with the highest voltage:

[0143] No switching is required; continuous discharge is possible, and other modules can be gradually integrated according to differential pressure logic.

[0144] The working module is in a charging state:

[0145] If this module is not the one with the lowest voltage in the system:

[0146] The system first disconnects its discharge path;

[0147] Close the charging path of the lowest voltage module;

[0148] After confirming successful closure, disconnect the original module charging path;

[0149] Finally, the discharge path of the lowest voltage module is closed to complete the switching.

[0150] If the module has the lowest voltage:

[0151] The charging state can continue, and other modules will be gradually connected after the voltage difference is met.

[0152] The method in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0153] High degree of automation: Dynamic collaboration of multiple modules can be completed without human intervention;

[0154] Compatible with multiple parallel operation scenarios: suitable for various states such as stationary, running, and new module access;

[0155] No peripheral dependency: No additional current limiting hardware or external charger is required;

[0156] Controllable cost and low hardware requirements: It only requires a main control MCU, a sampling resistor, and a continuity controller.

[0157] Configurable strategies and flexible systems: Supports different strategies to match different product systems;

[0158] Seamless switching without affecting business operations: The paralleling process is smooth and there are no significant fluctuations in load.

[0159] The method described in this embodiment is widely applicable to parallel networking applications of various battery management systems (BMS), especially for scenarios with high requirements for flexibility, safety, and automation, such as current distributed energy storage, multi-battery modular expansion, and electric vehicle battery packing. This method is advantageous due to its strong adaptability to both hardware and software, flexible logic control, and low deployment cost.

[0160] The phased integration and flexible expansion of battery modules have become an industry trend. This method enables seamless parallel integration between new and old battery modules without the need for additional charging equipment or current-limiting hardware support. It is particularly suitable for the unified management of multiple battery clusters within an energy storage cabinet, and can greatly reduce the complexity of after-sales maintenance and system expansion.

[0161] In the electric vehicle market, users often choose to combine battery modules of different capacities / voltages based on their usage scenarios. This method allows multiple battery packs with voltage differences to automatically complete voltage balancing and integration according to preset logic, avoiding circulating current risks and achieving convenient and safe capacity expansion. It is particularly suitable for multi-module power supply scenarios such as delivery vehicles and shared electric vehicles.

[0162] In scenarios such as field operations, outdoor construction, and emergency power supply, mobile power supplies often need to be quickly paralleled to increase power output. This method can determine the system voltage difference in real time and select the optimal paralleling path when modules are connected, allowing the on-site connection process to be completed safely without professional knowledge, thus improving the overall system adaptability and user experience.

[0163] This flexible parallel operation method, centered on soft logic control, significantly reduces dependence on hardware specifications and charging topologies. It is adaptable to multiple voltage platforms, multiple communication architectures (such as CAN, 485, and RSU grouping systems), and multiple types of switching control schemes (MOS / SSR / relay). It can serve as a crucial supporting technology for the future modularization, intelligence, and flexible battery expansion of the energy storage industry.

[0164] The aforementioned flexible parallel control method for BMS systems, based on establishing reliable and stable communication connections between all devices within the system, collects and analyzes key parameters of each device, intelligently determines the priority and logical sequence of device startup according to user-defined modes, and monitors the system status in real time to intelligently switch device operating states at the optimal time. This achieves efficient and safe device parallel operation without relying on external equipment support. This process not only effectively controls costs but also handles voltage differences by dynamically adjusting the operating states of each device, ensuring system compatibility and parallel efficiency. Furthermore, this method utilizes internally integrated control logic and real-time monitoring mechanisms to replace traditional current-limiting modules or external charging devices, further reducing hardware costs while improving system flexibility and response speed. This allows the entire system to adapt to the needs of various application scenarios without increasing additional complexity.

[0165] Figure 2 This is a schematic block diagram of a flexible parallel control device 300 for a BMS system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, corresponding to the above-described flexible parallel control method for BMS systems, the present invention also provides a flexible parallel control device 300 for BMS systems. This flexible parallel control device 300 includes a unit for executing the above-described flexible parallel control method for BMS systems, and the device can be configured in a server. Specifically, please refer to... Figure 2 The BMS system flexible parallel control device 300 includes a collection unit 301, a determination unit 302, a monitoring unit 303, and a control unit 304.

[0166] The collection unit 301 is used to collect and analyze the key parameters of each device in the system after establishing a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices in the system; the determination unit 302 is used to determine the priority and logical order of device startup according to the mode set by the user; the monitoring unit 303 is used to monitor the system status in real time and intelligently switch the working status of the devices at a set time; the control unit 304 is used to control the devices to switch the working status at the corresponding working status switching time.

[0167] In one embodiment, the collection unit 301 is used to read the voltage in real time under the condition of no charging and no discharging, while establishing a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices in the system, and to estimate the maximum transient circulating current generated after closure by combining the estimated line resistance and internal resistance values.

[0168] In one embodiment, the determining unit 302 is used to close the highest voltage module and gradually connect the second highest voltage module when a high-to-low strategy is adopted in the discharge scenario, and process the lowest voltage module in the charging scenario.

[0169] In one embodiment, the monitoring unit 303 includes:

[0170] The continuous acquisition subunit is used to continuously acquire operating voltage and key parameters; the processing subunit is used to sequentially close other modules as the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to a required level in the discharge scenario, and to gradually connect other modules by disconnecting the current path and confirming the successful closure of the new path in the charging scenario.

[0171] In one embodiment, the control unit 304 is used to close the next module when the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to a certain condition during the discharge process, or to close a new charging path after confirming that there is no reverse current during charging.

[0172] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the specific implementation process of the above-mentioned BMS system flexible parallel control device 300 and each unit can be referred to the corresponding description in the foregoing method embodiments. For the sake of convenience and brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0173] The aforementioned flexible parallel control device 300 for the BMS system can be implemented as a computer program, which can, for example... Figure 3 It runs on the computer device shown.

[0174] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic block diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. The computer device 500 can be a server, wherein the server can be a standalone server or a server cluster composed of multiple servers.

[0175] See Figure 3 The computer device 500 includes a processor 502, a memory, and a network interface 505 connected via a system bus 501. The memory may include a non-volatile storage medium 503 and internal memory 504.

[0176] The non-volatile storage medium 503 can store an operating system 5031 and a computer program 5032. The computer program 5032 includes program instructions that, when executed, cause the processor 502 to perform a flexible parallel control method for a BMS system.

[0177] The processor 502 provides computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire computer device 500.

[0178] The internal memory 504 provides an environment for the operation of the computer program 5032 in the non-volatile storage medium 503. When the computer program 5032 is executed by the processor 502, the processor 502 can execute a flexible parallel control method for a BMS system.

[0179] This network interface 505 is used for network communication with other devices. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 3 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device 500 to which the present application is applied. The specific computer device 500 may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0180] The processor 502 is used to run a computer program 5032 stored in the memory to perform the following steps:

[0181] Under the premise of establishing a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices in the system, the system collects and analyzes the key parameters of each device in the system; determines the priority and logical order of device startup according to the user-defined mode; monitors the system status in real time and intelligently switches the device working status at the set time; and controls the device to switch working status at the corresponding working status switching time.

[0182] The modes include parallel operation strategies of high-to-low or low-to-high, and the modes are configured at the factory according to the usage scenario.

[0183] In one embodiment, when the processor 502 collects and analyzes the key parameters of each device in the system to establish a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices in the system, it specifically implements the following steps:

[0184] With a reliable and stable communication connection established between all devices in the system, the voltage is read in real time without charging or discharging, and the maximum transient circulating current generated after closure is estimated by combining the estimated line resistance and internal resistance values.

[0185] In one embodiment, when the processor 502 implements the step of determining the priority and logical order of the device startup according to the user-defined mode, it specifically implements the following steps:

[0186] When adopting a high-to-low strategy, the highest voltage module is closed in the discharge scenario, and the second highest voltage module is gradually connected. In the charging scenario, the lowest voltage module is processed.

[0187] In one embodiment, when the processor 502 implements the step of real-time monitoring of the system status and intelligently switching the device operating status at a set time, it specifically implements the following steps:

[0188] The system continuously collects operating voltage and key parameters. In the discharge scenario, as the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to a level that meets the requirements, other modules are closed sequentially. In the charging scenario, other modules are gradually connected by disconnecting the current path and confirming the successful closure of the new path.

[0189] In one embodiment, when the processor 502 implements the step of switching the operating state of the control device at the corresponding operating state switching time point, it specifically implements the following steps:

[0190] During the discharge process, the next module is closed when the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to a certain condition, or a new charging path is closed after confirming that there is no reverse current during charging.

[0191] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, the processor 502 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or it may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0192] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program includes program instructions and can be stored in a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium. The program instructions are executed by at least one processor in the computer system to implement the process steps of the embodiments of the above methods.

[0193] Therefore, the present invention also provides a storage medium. This storage medium can be a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium stores a computer program, wherein when executed by a processor, the computer program causes the processor to perform the following steps:

[0194] Under the premise of establishing a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices in the system, the system collects and analyzes the key parameters of each device in the system; determines the priority and logical order of device startup according to the user-defined mode; monitors the system status in real time and intelligently switches the device working status at the set time; and controls the device to switch working status at the corresponding working status switching time.

[0195] The modes include parallel operation strategies of high-to-low or low-to-high, and the modes are configured at the factory according to the usage scenario.

[0196] In one embodiment, when the processor executes the computer program to collect and analyze key parameters of each device in the system to establish a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices in the system, the specific steps are as follows:

[0197] With a reliable and stable communication connection established between all devices in the system, the voltage is read in real time without charging or discharging, and the maximum transient circulating current generated after closure is estimated by combining the estimated line resistance and internal resistance values.

[0198] In one embodiment, when the processor executes the computer program to implement the step of determining the priority and logical order of the device startup according to the user-defined mode, it specifically implements the following steps:

[0199] When adopting a high-to-low strategy, the highest voltage module is closed in the discharge scenario, and the second highest voltage module is gradually connected. In the charging scenario, the lowest voltage module is processed.

[0200] In one embodiment, when the processor executes the computer program to implement the step of real-time monitoring of the system status and intelligently switching the device operating status at a set time, it specifically implements the following steps:

[0201] The system continuously collects operating voltage and key parameters. In the discharge scenario, as the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to a level that meets the requirements, other modules are closed sequentially. In the charging scenario, other modules are gradually connected by disconnecting the current path and confirming the successful closure of the new path.

[0202] In one embodiment, when the processor executes the computer program to implement the step of switching the operating state of the control device at the corresponding operating state switching time point, it specifically implements the following steps:

[0203] During the discharge process, the next module is closed when the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to a certain condition, or a new charging path is closed after confirming that there is no reverse current during charging.

[0204] The storage medium can be any computer-readable storage medium capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, portable hard drive, read-only memory (ROM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0205] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0206] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of each unit is merely a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed.

[0207] The steps in the method of this invention can be adjusted, merged, or reduced in order according to actual needs. The units in the device of this invention can be merged, divided, or reduced according to actual needs. Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0208] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a terminal, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0209] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A flexible parallel control method for BMS systems, characterized in that, include: Under the premise of establishing reliable and stable communication connections between all devices in the system, collect and analyze the key parameters of each device in the system; Determine the priority and logical order of device startup based on the user-defined mode; Monitor system status in real time and intelligently switch device operating status at set times; The control device switches its operating state at the corresponding time point.

2. The flexible parallel control method for a BMS system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Assuming a reliable and stable communication connection is established between all devices within the system, the key parameters of each device within the system are collected and analyzed, including: With a reliable and stable communication connection established between all devices in the system, the voltage is read in real time without charging or discharging, and the maximum transient circulating current generated after closure is estimated by combining the estimated line resistance and internal resistance values.

3. The flexible parallel control method for a BMS system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mode includes a parallel operation strategy of high-to-low or low-to-high, and the mode is configured at the factory according to the usage scenario.

4. The flexible parallel control method for a BMS system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the priority and logical order of device startup based on the user-defined mode includes: When adopting a high-to-low strategy, the highest voltage module is closed in the discharge scenario, and the second highest voltage module is gradually connected. In the charging scenario, the lowest voltage module is processed.

5. The flexible parallel control method for a BMS system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time monitoring system status and intelligent switching of device operating status at set times include: Continuously collect operating voltage and key parameters; In the discharge scenario, as the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to the required level, other modules are closed sequentially. In the charging scenario, other modules are gradually connected by disconnecting the current path and confirming the successful closure of the new path.

6. The flexible parallel control method for a BMS system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control device switches its operating state at the corresponding operating state switching time point, including: During the discharge process, when the voltage of the highest voltage module drops to a certain condition, the next module is closed, or during charging, a new charging path is closed after confirming that there is no reverse current.

7. A flexible parallel control device for BMS systems, characterized in that, include: The collection unit is used to collect and analyze key parameters of each device in the system, provided that a reliable and stable communication connection has been established between all devices in the system. The determining unit is used to determine the priority and logical order of device startup based on the user-defined mode; The monitoring unit is used to monitor the system status in real time and intelligently switch the working status of the equipment at a set time. The control unit is used to control the device to switch its working state at the corresponding working state switching time.

8. The flexible parallel control device for a BMS system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The collection unit is used to read the voltage in real time under conditions of no charging and no discharging, while establishing a reliable and stable communication connection between all devices in the system, and to estimate the maximum transient circulating current generated after closure by combining the estimated line resistance and internal resistance values.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, The computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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