Nano generator and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a nano generator and a preparation method and application thereof. The nano generator comprises a heat sealing layer, an oil sealing layer, a packaging thin film layer, an electrode layer, a positive friction layer, a middle oil layer, a negative friction layer, an electrode layer, a thin film packaging layer, an oil sealing layer and a heat sealing layer which are sequentially stacked. The electrode layer is connected with a wire; the positive friction layer is a barium titanate-doped polyurethane and ethyl cellulose composite film; the heat sealing layer is a nylon and polyethylene composite film; the oil seal layer and the middle oil layer are formed by oil components; the oil component comprises perfluoropolyether or silicone oil. Through the arrangement of the specific positive friction layer, the middle oil layer, the heat sealing layer and the oil sealing layer, the nanometer generator with a unique structure is formed, and the nanometer generator can tolerate deep sea high pressure, adapt to the condition of extremely low flow velocity and continuously and stably provide electric energy for micro-power consumption electrochemical equipment in a deep sea severe environment.

Description

A nanogenerator, its preparation method and application Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrochemical device technology, and particularly relates to a nanogenerator, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Marine Internet of Things (MIoT), as a key network supporting marine resource development and ecological protection, relies on widely distributed underwater sensor nodes. However, ensuring a stable power supply for these nodes over a long period remains a significant challenge. Traditional battery solutions are not only costly but also require regular replacement, which is particularly problematic in deep-sea applications—maintenance is expensive and difficult. For sensors used in sensitive missions such as military monitoring, frequent maintenance also increases exposure risks. Therefore, developing a self-powered technology is crucial, as it will significantly reduce maintenance costs, extend equipment lifespan, and broaden application scope. Against this backdrop, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted widespread attention due to their low cost, simple structure, and efficient energy harvesting characteristics.

[0003] Recent research has explored energy harvesting technologies suitable for underwater applications, such as a flexible flag-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). This design converts weak kinetic energy into electrical energy by inducing continuous fluttering of a flag-shaped thin film in water flow. Experiments show that integrating multiple such devices can power low-power micro-devices. Since most marine IoT sensors consume extremely low power, this economical and stable TENG holds promise for achieving battery self-sufficiency in systems. However, in the deep-sea environment below 100 meters, energy harvesting faces a double obstacle: firstly, the water flow velocity decreases further and its direction changes frequently, making efficient energy harvesting difficult even with optimized designs; secondly, the hydrostatic pressure increases by approximately 1 MPa per 100 meters of depth. This high pressure compresses the air gaps inside the device, hindering effective contact and separation of the triboelectric layer, and causing physical damage to the encapsulation and electronic components. This leads to the malfunction of most existing TENGs, and the original encapsulation structure is easily damaged under prolonged reciprocating motion, resulting in loss of waterproof performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome at least one of the problems existing in the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a nanogenerator that can withstand deep-sea high pressure, adapt to extremely low flow conditions, and continuously and stably provide power to low-power electrical appliances in such harsh environments.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned nanogenerator.

[0006] The third objective of this invention is to provide an electrochemical device.

[0007] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned nanogenerator in deep-sea power supply.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A first aspect of the present invention provides a nanogenerator, the nanogenerator comprising, in sequence, a heat-sealing layer, an oil-sealing layer, an encapsulation film layer, an electrode layer, a positive friction layer, an intermediate oil layer, a negative friction layer, an electrode layer, a thin film encapsulation layer, an oil-sealing layer, and a heat-sealing layer; the electrode layer is connected to a wire; the positive friction layer is a polyurethane-ethyl cellulose composite film doped with barium titanate; the heat-sealing layer is a nylon-polyethylene composite film; the oil-sealing layer and the intermediate oil layer are formed of an oil component; the oil component includes perfluoropolyether (PFPE) or silicone oil.

[0009] The inventive concept of this invention is as follows: This invention uses a polyurethane-ethyl cellulose (TPU-EC) composite film doped with barium titanate (BTO) as a positive friction layer, which can effectively increase the triboelectric performance; and by adding polyurethane components to the cellulose film system, it can specifically solve the technical pain points of traditional friction layers such as insufficient toughness and easy cracking caused by high pressure extrusion and reciprocating water flow impact in the deep sea, greatly enhance the tensile and fatigue resistance of the film, and extend the service life of the device in the harsh environment of the deep sea.

[0010] Furthermore, by directly adding specific oil components (perfluoropolyether PFPE or silicone oil) to form an intermediate oil layer, the air layer in the middle of the nanogenerator (TENG) in the existing technology can be replaced, thereby improving the performance output of TENG under deep-sea pressure.

[0011] The oil seal layer is designed based on the high salinity and high pressure characteristics of the deep-sea environment. It is prepared using specific oil components (perfluoropolyether PFPE or silicone oil). On the one hand, it can effectively isolate electrolytes such as chloride ions and sodium ions in the deep-sea environment, reduce charge loss in the complex ionic and low-temperature environment of the deep sea to improve its output performance, and avoid the charge loss problem caused by the rapid decline of insulation of traditional air layers in high-salt media, thus ensuring stable insulation performance under high pressure. On the other hand, the oil seal layer has flexible buffering properties, which can absorb the impact of deep-sea currents and the mechanical stress generated by the reciprocating motion of the equipment, providing double protection for the internal encapsulation film layer, electrode layer and friction layer, and also alleviate the squeezing damage of high pressure to the internal structure of the device, reduce structural fatigue damage, and ensure the stability and reliability of long-term deep-sea operation.

[0012] The heat-sealing layer is designed to address the challenges of long-term unattended operation and difficult maintenance in deep-sea environments. It replaces the traditional pure adhesive seal design with a heat-sealing layer, achieving a tight seal at the encapsulation interface through a thermal fusion process. The encapsulation is reinforced by a nylon and polyethylene (PA-PE) composite film heat-sealing layer, improving the durability of the nanogenerator and addressing the potential problems of delamination, aging, and leakage that can occur with pure adhesive seals under the high pressure, temperature fluctuations, and prolonged reciprocating motion in deep sea environments. The heat-sealing layer works synergistically with vacuum encapsulation technology to further enhance the device's resistance to high-pressure penetration, ensuring that the encapsulation layer does not leak or fail under extreme pressure in deep sea environments. It also improves the device's adaptability to temperature changes in deep sea environments, ensuring stable performance of the nanogenerator during long-term continuous operation in deep sea environments and reducing maintenance costs and failure risks.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the nanogenerator has a symmetrical structure.

[0014] In this invention, the oil composition used in the oil seal layer can be the same as or different from the oil composition used in the intermediate oil layer.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the oil component is selected from perfluoropolyether (PFPE).

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the amount of barium titanate doped in the positive friction layer is 0.5-8%; for example, it can be any value or a range between any two of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7% or 8%; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the amount of barium titanate doped in the positive friction layer is 1-5%; in some more specific embodiments of the present invention, the amount of barium titanate doped in the positive friction layer is 2-4%.

[0017] Using appropriate doping amounts of barium titanate is more conducive to improving the output performance of nanogenerators.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive friction layer is prepared by electrospinning polyurethane, ethyl cellulose and barium titanate.

[0019] A positive friction layer film was prepared by electrospinning technology. By constructing a nanoscale interwoven fiber structure, the specific surface area was significantly increased, the efficiency of charge generation and storage during triboelectric charging was improved, and the power output was ensured to remain stable in the low-velocity environment of the deep sea.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the polyurethane to the ethyl cellulose is 1:(0.1~1); in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the polyurethane to the ethyl cellulose is 1:(0.3~0.5).

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive friction layer is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: mixing polyurethane, ethyl cellulose, barium titanate and a solvent to form a spinning solution, and electrospinning the spinning solution to obtain the positive friction layer.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the method for preparing the positive friction layer, the solvent includes at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), or ethanol; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, in the method for preparing the positive friction layer, the solvent is selected from N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the method for preparing the positive friction layer, the total content of polyurethane and ethyl cellulose in the spinning solution is 10-30 wt%; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, in the method for preparing the positive friction layer, the total content of polyurethane and ethyl cellulose in the spinning solution is 15-25 wt%.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the positive friction layer is 6-10 cm and the width is 2-6 cm; for example, the length of the positive friction layer is 8 cm and the width is 4 cm.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the negative friction layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film.

[0026] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the negative friction layer is further activated by polishing with 20,000-grit sandpaper.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the negative friction layer is 6-10 cm and the width is 2-6 cm; for example, the length of the negative friction layer is 8 cm and the width is 4 cm.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the encapsulation film layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film.

[0029] The electrode layer and the friction layer are encapsulated with a PTFE thin film to complete the initial encapsulation.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the encapsulation film layer is 8-12 cm and the width is 3-7 cm; for example, the length of the encapsulation film layer is 10 cm and the width is 5 cm.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrode layer is a polyimide sprayed conductive silver paint electrode layer.

[0032] Using polyimide-coated conductive silver paint electrodes as the electrode layer can reduce the rigidity of the nanogenerator, enabling it to absorb the mechanical stress generated by deep-sea current impact and equipment reciprocating motion, thereby improving durability.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the electrode layer is 6-10 cm and the width is 2-6 cm; for example, the length of the electrode layer is 8 cm and the width is 4 cm.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the conductor is a copper conductor.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the wire and the encapsulation film layer are encapsulated with adhesive.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the adhesive includes UV-curable adhesive, waterproof adhesive, or a combination thereof; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the adhesive is selected from UV-curable adhesives.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the total amount of oil components used in the intermediate oil layer is 10~100μL; for example, it can be any value or a range between 10μL, 20μL, 30μL, 50μL, 70μL or 100μL; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the total amount of oil components used in the intermediate oil layer is 20~50μL.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the intermediate oil layer is 6-10 cm and the width is 2-6 cm; for example, the length of the intermediate oil layer is 8 cm and the width is 4 cm.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the total amount of oil components used in the oil seal layer is 0.5 to 3 mL; for example, it can be any value or a range between 0.5 mL, 1 mL, 1.5 mL, 2 mL, 2.5 mL or 3 mL; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the total amount of oil components used in the oil seal layer is 1 to 2 mL.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the oil seal layer is 8-12cm and the width is 3-7cm; for example, the length of the oil seal layer is 10cm and the width is 5cm.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the heat-sealing layer is 10-14 cm and the width is 4-8 cm; for example, the length of the heat-sealing layer is 12 cm and the width is 6 cm.

[0042] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a nanogenerator as described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: sequentially disposing an electrode layer and a positive friction layer on the surface of one encapsulation film layer, and sequentially disposing an electrode layer and a negative friction layer on the surface of another encapsulation film layer; arranging the positive and negative friction layers opposite to each other, and adding an oil component between the positive and negative friction layers to form an intermediate oil layer; connecting the two electrode layers respectively with two wires; disposing a heat-sealing layer on the other surface of each of the two encapsulation film layers, adding an oil component between the heat-sealing layer and the encapsulation film layer; evacuating a vacuum; and heating and encapsulating to obtain the nanogenerator.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, the total amount of oil component added between the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer is 10~100μL; for example, it can be any value or a range between 10μL, 20μL, 30μL, 50μL, 70μL or 100μL; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the total amount of oil component added between the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer is 20~50μL.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the total amount of oil component added between the heat-sealing layer and the encapsulation film layer is 0.5 to 3 mL; for example, it can be any value or a range between 0.5 mL, 1 mL, 1.5 mL, 2 mL, 2.5 mL or 3 mL; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the total amount of oil component added between the heat-sealing layer and the encapsulation film layer is 1 to 2 mL.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the nanogenerator further includes a process of cutting the electrode layer and the encapsulation film layer.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present invention, the nanogenerator can operate under a pressure of 10 to 50 MPa.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, a deep-sea rotatable flag-shaped nanogenerator can be prepared by rectifying and paralleling multiple nanogenerators, and finally encapsulating electronic components with epoxy resin in a series of pressure-resistant and waterproof processes.

[0048] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electrochemical device, characterized in that the electrochemical device comprises the nanogenerator described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrochemical device is a deep-sea device, such as a lighting device, like an LED light; or it may be a sensor or other deep-sea device.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the lighting device includes a nanogenerator, a rectifier, and an LED lamp connected in sequence.

[0051] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an application of a nanogenerator as described in the first aspect of the present invention in deep-sea power supply.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the deep sea refers to sea areas with a depth of less than 200 meters; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the deep sea refers to sea areas with a depth of less than 200 meters in the South China Sea.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure in the deep sea is 10-50 MPa.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, the current velocity in the deep sea is 0.02~0.5m / s.

[0055] The nanogenerator of this invention can adapt to the deep-sea environment. Even in the high-pressure deep-sea environment with low water flow velocity, it can still provide stable power supply, which is beneficial to the power supply maintenance of deep-sea equipment (such as sensors).

[0056] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by setting up a specific positive friction layer, an intermediate oil layer, a heat sealing layer and an oil sealing layer, the present invention forms a nanogenerator with a unique structure, which can withstand deep-sea high pressure, adapt to extremely low flow conditions, and continuously and stably provide power to low-power electrochemical devices in the harsh environment of the deep sea. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nanogenerators prepared according to various embodiments of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 shows the voltage output of the nanogenerators in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 3 shows the current output of the nanogenerator in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 4 shows the voltage output of the nanogenerators of Embodiments 1, 5 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention under the reciprocating impact of water flow.

[0061] Figure 5 shows the current output of the nanogenerators of Embodiments 1, 5 and Comparative Example 2 under the reciprocating impact of water flow.

[0062] Figure 6 shows the light emission of the LED lamp in Embodiment 6 of the present invention under different conditions.

[0063] Figure description: 110-heat seal layer, 120-oil seal layer, 130-PTFE encapsulation layer, 140-electrode layer, 150-positive friction layer, 160-intermediate oil layer, 170-negative friction layer. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The following specific embodiments further illustrate the content of the present invention in detail. It should also be understood that the following embodiments are only for further explanation of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the principles described herein are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. The specific process parameters, etc., in the following examples are merely examples within a suitable range; that is, those skilled in the art can make selections within a suitable range based on the description herein, and are not intended to be limited to the specific data in the examples below. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents, or apparatus used in the following embodiments and comparative examples can be obtained from conventional commercial sources or by existing known methods.

[0065] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nanogenerator prepared according to various embodiments of the present invention. As can be seen from Figure 1, the nanogenerator has a symmetrical structure with the intermediate oil layer 160 as the axis of symmetry. Above it are heat-sealing layer 110, oil-sealing layer 120, PTFE encapsulation layer 130, electrode layer 140, and positive friction layer 150 stacked in sequence. Above it are heat-sealing layer 110, oil-sealing layer 120, PTFE encapsulation layer 130, electrode layer 140, and negative friction layer 170 stacked in sequence. The two electrode layers 120 are respectively connected to two wires.

[0066] Example 1 A nanogenerator, the preparation steps are as follows: (1) After cutting, two electrode layers 140 (8cm×4cm, polyimide sprayed conductive silver paint electrode) are respectively pasted on the surface of two PTFE encapsulation layer 130 films (10cm×5cm), with the surfaces of the two electrodes facing each other to form two electrode layers 140 and two PTFE encapsulation layers 130; (2) A positive friction layer 150 film and a negative friction layer 170 film (8cm×4cm) are respectively covered on the two electrode layers 140 in step (1); wherein, the positive friction layer is an electrospun TPU-EC composite film doped with 3%wt barium titanate (BTO), the composite film is composed of 20%wt barium titanate, polyurethane (TPU, 5g) and ethyl cellulose (EC, 2g) DMF solution was prepared by electrospinning; the negative friction layer was a commercial PTFE film; 20 μL of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) was added between the positive friction layer 150 and the negative friction layer 170 to form an intermediate oil layer 160; (3) Two copper wires were used to connect the two electrode layers 140 respectively, and PTFE tape was used for preliminary encapsulation. UV curing adhesive was used to encapsulate and waterproof the part of the copper wire leading out and the PTFE encapsulation layer 130; (4) PA-PE composite film was used to cover the two surfaces of the sample with PTFE encapsulation layer, and 1.5 mL of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) was added between the PA-PE composite film and the PTFE encapsulation layer. After the air was removed, a complete oil seal layer 120 was formed. Vacuum was drawn by a heat sealer and heat seal was performed to form a heat seal layer 110, thus obtaining a nanogenerator.

[0067] Example 2 is a nanogenerator. The difference from Example 1 is that the TPU-EC composite film used in this example is doped with 1% wt BTO, while the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0068] Example 3 is a nanogenerator. The difference from Example 1 is that the TPU-EC composite film used in this example is doped with 5% wt BTO, while the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0069] Example 4 is a nanogenerator. The difference from Example 1 is that the TPU-EC composite film used in this example is doped with 7% wt BTO, while the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0070] Example 5 is a nanogenerator. The difference from Example 1 is that the perfluoropolyether (PFPE) used in the two oil seal layers 120 is replaced with silicone oil. All other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0071] Example 6: An LED lamp is prepared by the following steps: (1) Encapsulating the rectifier (DB 207) and the commercial LED lamp with epoxy resin; (3) Connecting the nanogenerator obtained in Example 1 to the encapsulated commercial LED lamp by welding, and reinforcing and sealing the welding points with UV curing adhesive to obtain the LED lamp.

[0072] Comparative Example 1 is a nanogenerator. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the TPU-EC composite film used in this example is not doped with BTO (0%wt), while all other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0073] Comparative Example 2 is a nanogenerator, which differs from Example 1 in that the two oil seals 120 are replaced with air layers, while all other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0074] Comparative Example 3 is an LED lamp, and the preparation steps are as follows: (1) The rectifier (DB 207) and the commercial LED lamp are encapsulated with epoxy resin; (3) The nanogenerator prepared in Comparative Example 2 is connected to the encapsulated commercial LED lamp by welding, and the welding point is reinforced and sealed by UV curing adhesive to obtain the LED lamp.

[0075] Performance test (1) The nanogenerators prepared in each embodiment were mounted on a linear machine and immersed in simulated seawater. The linear machine controlled the nanogenerator to reciprocate under the displacement parameters of 1Hz and 80mm to generate output.

[0076] The test results are shown in Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 shows the voltage output of the nanogenerators in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 shows the current output of the nanogenerators in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. Specific data are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the TPU-EC composite film with a specific amount of barium titanate doping in the embodiments of the present invention can obtain better output performance, while the output performance of the TPU-EC composite film without barium titanate doping in Comparative Example 1 is significantly reduced.

[0077] Table 1 Performance of the nanogenerators in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1

[0078] (2) Test the output current and output voltage of the nanogenerators prepared in each embodiment under different pressure conditions. The specific steps are as follows: Take the nanogenerator prepared in Example 1, pressurize it in an autoclave to 10MPa, 20MPa, 30MPa, 40MPa and 50MPa respectively, maintain the pressure for 15min, take it out and load the nanogenerator on a linear machine and immerse it in simulated seawater, so that the linear machine controls the reciprocating motion of the nanogenerator to generate output under the displacement parameters of 1Hz and 80mm.

[0079] The test results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that the nanogenerator of Example 1 achieves good output performance under different pressurization conditions.

[0080] Table 2 Performance of the nanogenerator in Example 1 under different pressurization conditions

[0081] (3) Test the output current and output voltage of the nanogenerators prepared in each embodiment and comparative example under the reciprocating impact of water flow. The specific steps are as follows: take the nanogenerators prepared in each embodiment and comparative example and immerse them in simulated seawater, use a wave pump to simulate a water flow of 0.02~0.5m / s, and test the output performance of the nanogenerators.

[0082] The test results are shown in Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4 shows the voltage output of the nanogenerators of Embodiments 1, 5, and Comparative Example 2 under the reciprocating impact of water flow; Figure 5 shows the current output of the nanogenerators of Embodiments 1, 5, and Comparative Example 2 under the reciprocating impact of water flow. Specific data are shown in Table 3. It can be seen that the embodiments of the present invention, which use PFPE or silicone oil with an intermediate oil layer and an oil seal layer, achieve better output performance under the reciprocating impact of water flow. Comparative Example 2, which only uses an air layer, shows a decrease in output performance.

[0083] Table 3 Performance of the nanogenerators in Examples 1, 5 and Comparative Example 2 under reciprocating water flow impact.

[0084] (4) Test the luminescence of the LEDs in Example 6 and Comparative Example 3 under different conditions.

[0085] Figure 6 shows the light emission of the LED lamp in Example 6 under different conditions. As shown in Figure 6, the LED lamp formed by connecting the nanogenerator of Example 1 with the encapsulated LED lamp can be lit at a water depth of 200-300 meters after being subjected to cyclic pressure testing at a depth of 3000 meters in the South China Sea. However, the LED lamp in Comparative Example 3, made using the nanogenerator of Comparative Example 2, was damaged and unusable after being subjected to cyclic pressure testing at a depth of 3000 meters in the South China Sea.

[0086] In summary, this invention forms a nanogenerator with a unique structure by setting up a specific positive friction layer, an intermediate oil layer, a heat sealing layer, and an oil sealing layer. This nanogenerator can withstand deep-sea high pressure, adapt to extremely low flow conditions, and continuously and stably provide power to low-power electrochemical devices in the harsh environment of the deep sea.

Claims

1. A nanogenerator, characterized in that, The nanogenerator comprises, in sequence, a heat-sealing layer, an oil-sealing layer, an encapsulation film layer, an electrode layer, a positive friction layer, an intermediate oil layer, a negative friction layer, an electrode layer, a thin film encapsulation layer, an oil-sealing layer, and a heat-sealing layer; the electrode layer is connected to a wire; the positive friction layer is a polyurethane and ethyl cellulose composite film doped with barium titanate; the heat-sealing layer is a nylon and polyethylene composite film; the oil-sealing layer and the intermediate oil layer are formed of an oil component; the oil component includes perfluoropolyether or silicone oil.

2. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The barium titanate doping amount in the positive friction layer is 0.5~8%.

3. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive friction layer is made of polyurethane, ethyl cellulose and barium titanate by electrospinning.

4. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the polyurethane to the ethyl cellulose is 1:(0.1~1).

5. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative friction layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene film.

6. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The encapsulation film layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene film; and / or, the electrode layer is a polyimide-coated conductive silver paint electrode layer; and / or, the wire is a copper wire; and / or, the wire and the encapsulation film layer are encapsulated with adhesive; the adhesive includes UV-curable adhesive, waterproof adhesive, or a combination thereof.

7. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total amount of oil components used in the intermediate oil layer is 10~100μL; and / or, the total amount of oil components used in the oil seal layer is 0.5~3mL.

8. A method for preparing a nanogenerator as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: sequentially depositing an electrode layer and a positive friction layer on the surface of one encapsulation film layer, sequentially depositing an electrode layer and a negative friction layer on the surface of another encapsulation film layer, setting the positive and negative friction layers opposite to each other, and adding an oil component between the positive and negative friction layers to form an intermediate oil layer; Two electrode layers are connected by two wires respectively; a heat-sealing layer is set on the other surface of the two encapsulation film layers respectively, and an oil component is added between the heat-sealing layer and the encapsulation film layer. The process is then evacuated, heated and encapsulated to obtain the nanogenerator.

9. An electrochemical device, characterized in that, The electrochemical device includes the nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. The application of a nanogenerator as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 in deep-sea power supply.

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