Loudspeaker

Abstract

The embodiment of the specification provides a loudspeaker, comprising: a housing having an inner cavity; the vibrating diaphragm is arranged in the inner cavity; the driving unit drives the vibrating diaphragm to vibrate; the vibration transmission unit is in transmission connection with the vibrating diaphragm and the driving unit; and a first gap is formed between the edge of the vibrating diaphragm and the inner wall of the shell, so that the vibrating diaphragm is allowed to slide relative to the inner wall of the shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the field of acoustics, and in particular to a loudspeaker. Background Technology

[0002] A loudspeaker typically consists of at least a driver section and a vibrating section. The driver section drives the vibrating section to vibrate, thus transmitting sound to the outside of the loudspeaker. The main problems faced by typical loudspeakers, especially miniature loudspeakers, are insufficient driving power in the driver section and significant losses in the vibrating section during vibration. Therefore, researching and improving the driving efficiency of loudspeakers and optimizing the structure of the vibrating section are of great significance in order to achieve high sound pressure level output. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This specification provides one or more embodiments of a loudspeaker, comprising: a housing having an inner cavity; a diaphragm disposed in the inner cavity; a drive unit for driving the diaphragm to vibrate; and a vibration transmission unit for drivingly connecting the diaphragm and the drive unit; wherein a first gap is formed between the edge of the diaphragm and the inner wall of the housing to allow the diaphragm to slide relative to the inner wall of the housing.

[0004] In some embodiments, the width of the first gap is less than or equal to 50 μm in a cross section perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm.

[0005] In some embodiments, a portion of the edge of the drive unit is connected to the inner wall of the housing, and a second gap exists between another portion of the edge of the drive unit and the inner wall of the housing.

[0006] In some embodiments, the width of the second gap is less than or equal to 100 μm in a cross section perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm.

[0007] In some embodiments, the drive unit includes a plurality of drive beams, each drive beam having a fixed end and a free end, the fixed end being connected to the housing; the loudspeaker further includes a reinforcing layer, the free end being connected to the vibration transmission unit through the reinforcing layer; each drive beam includes a piezoelectric layer, the piezoelectric layer and the reinforcing layer being stacked along the vibration direction of the diaphragm; the reinforcing layer includes a first connection region covered by the piezoelectric layer and a second connection region not covered by the piezoelectric layer, the second connection region being connected to the vibration transmission unit.

[0008] In some embodiments, in the direction from the fixed end to the free end, the length of the second connecting region is greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 0.7 mm; and / or in the direction from the fixed end to the free end, the ratio of the length of the second connecting region to the length of the drive beam is 0 and less than 25%.

[0009] In some embodiments, the Young's modulus of the reinforcing layer is 1E8Pa-1E10Pa.

[0010] In some embodiments, the vibration transmission unit includes a plurality of sub-transmission structures, which are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the loudspeaker further includes an auxiliary driving structure disposed on the housing or located in the inner cavity. The auxiliary driving structure is located on the side of the diaphragm away from the driving unit, and a cavity is formed between the auxiliary driving structure and the diaphragm. The auxiliary driving structure is capable of deformation to compensate for changes in the cavity volume caused by the vibration of the diaphragm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the auxiliary driving structure moves towards or away from the driving unit synchronously with the diaphragm; the auxiliary driving structure includes multiple piezoelectric beams, which are arranged around the inner wall of the housing, with one end of each piezoelectric beam connected to the housing and the other end suspended; or, the auxiliary driving structure includes a piezoelectric ring, with the outer ring of the piezoelectric ring connected to the housing and the inner ring of the piezoelectric ring suspended.

[0013] In some embodiments, the projection of the auxiliary drive structure along the vibration direction of the diaphragm covers the first gap.

[0014] In some embodiments, a turbulence assembly is provided in the cavity along the flow path of the gas flowing between the side of the diaphragm facing the drive unit and the side of the diaphragm away from the drive unit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the turbulence assembly includes a plurality of protrusions disposed outside the edge of the diaphragm and on the inner wall of the housing.

[0016] In some embodiments, the protrusions are distributed around the diaphragm.

[0017] In some embodiments, the protrusion structure is arc-shaped, one end of the extension direction of the arc-shaped chord is connected to the inner wall of the housing, the other end of the extension direction of the arc-shaped chord is suspended, and the angle between the arc-shaped chord and the vibration direction of the diaphragm is an acute angle.

[0018] In some embodiments, the loudspeaker further includes a support member, through which the vibration transmission unit or the diaphragm is connected to the inner wall of the housing.

[0019] In some embodiments, the support member includes a plurality of support rods, one end of each support rod being connected to the vibration transmission unit or the diaphragm, and the other end of each support rod being connected to the inner wall of the housing; or, the support member includes a support ring, the inner ring of the support ring being connected to the vibration transmission unit or the diaphragm, the outer ring of the support ring being connected to the inner wall of the housing, and one or more hollow areas being provided between the inner ring and the outer ring.

[0020] One or more embodiments of this specification also provide a loudspeaker, comprising: a housing having an inner cavity; a diaphragm disposed in the inner cavity, the diaphragm being connected to the inner wall of the housing via a support structure; and a driving unit for driving the diaphragm to vibrate, the driving unit including a magnet and a voice coil, the voice coil being located in the magnetic field of the magnet and connected to the diaphragm; wherein a first gap exists between the edge of the diaphragm and the inner wall of the housing, and the support structure is provided with a hole allowing air to flow between both sides of the vibration direction of the diaphragm, so as to allow the magnet to drive the voice coil to move and cause the diaphragm to slide relative to the inner wall of the housing.

[0021] In the embodiments described in this specification, by providing a first gap between the speaker diaphragm and the housing, the constraint of the housing on the diaphragm during its movement can be reduced, allowing the diaphragm to vibrate relative to the housing in a manner similar to piston motion, thereby increasing the amount of air that the diaphragm can push during vibration. Furthermore, reducing the constraint on the diaphragm also increases the maximum stroke of the diaphragm (i.e., the amplitude of diaphragm vibration), thereby improving the speaker's output sound pressure level. Attached Figure Description

[0022] This specification will be further described by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting; in these embodiments, the same reference numerals denote the same structures, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a loudspeaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0024] Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of another loudspeaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a mass-spring-damped system according to some embodiments shown in this specification;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a velocity resonance curve of a mass-spring-damped system shown in some embodiments of this specification;

[0027] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent mechanical model of a loudspeaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0028] Figure 5A This is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the housing and the diaphragm according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0029] Figure 5B yes Figure 5A A magnified view of the first gap shown at point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 6 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the frequency response curves corresponding to different widths of the first gap as shown in some embodiments of this specification;

[0031] Figure 7A This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the connection structure of the drive unit and vibration transmission unit according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0032] Figure 7B These are exemplary schematic diagrams of the connection structure of the drive unit, vibration transmission unit, and diaphragm shown in some embodiments of this specification;

[0033] Figure 8A This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the connection structure of the housing and drive unit according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0034] Figure 8B yes Figure 8A A magnified view of the second gap shown at point B in the middle;

[0035] Figure 9A This is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the frequency response curves corresponding to different widths of the second gap according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0036] Figure 9B This is an exemplary schematic diagram of another frequency response curve corresponding to different widths of the second gap as shown in some embodiments of this specification;

[0037] Figure 10A This is an exemplary structural schematic diagram of another loudspeaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0038] Figure 10B yes Figure 7B A magnified view of a section at point C;

[0039] Figure 10C yes Figure 7B A magnified view of a section at point D;

[0040] Figure 10D This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the second connection region shown according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0041] Figure 10E This is another exemplary schematic diagram of the second connection region shown according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0042] Figure 11A yes Figure 10A An exemplary structural diagram of a loudspeaker in which the reinforcing layer is not completely covered by the piezoelectric layer;

[0043] Figure 11B This is an exemplary structural diagram of a speaker where the reinforcing layer is not completely covered by the piezoelectric layer;

[0044] Figures 12A-12B These are local deformation cloud diagrams corresponding to loudspeakers with different lengths of the second connection region as shown in some embodiments of this specification;

[0045] Figure 13A This is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the frequency response curves corresponding to different lengths of the second connection region according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0046] Figure 13B This is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the frequency response curves corresponding to different length ratios of the second connection region and the drive beam according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0047] Figures 14A-14C This is an exemplary structural schematic diagram of the diaphragm and vibration transmission unit according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0048] Figure 15 This is an exemplary structural schematic diagram of a diaphragm according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0049] Figures 16A-16B These are exemplary structural diagrams of multiple sub-transfer structures with different distributions as shown in some embodiments of this specification;

[0050] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a loudspeaker diaphragm without an auxiliary drive structure, as shown in some embodiments of this specification.

[0051] Figures 18A-18B This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a loudspeaker including an auxiliary driving structure, as shown in some embodiments of this specification;

[0052] Figures 19A-19C This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a loudspeaker containing a turbulence component with different structures, according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0053] Figure 20A This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a loudspeaker including a support member, according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0054] Figure 20BThis is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of another loudspeaker including a support member, according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0055] Figure 21 This is an exemplary structural schematic diagram of a support ring according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0056] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of another loudspeaker according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0057] Figure 23 This is an exemplary structural diagram of the support structure shown in some embodiments of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments in this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this specification. For those skilled in the art, these drawings can be applied to other similar scenarios without creative effort. Unless obvious from the context or otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same structures or operations.

[0059] It should be understood that the terms “system,” “device,” “unit,” and / or “module” used herein are one way to distinguish different components, elements, parts, sections, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other terms can achieve the same purpose, they may be replaced by other expressions.

[0060] Unless the context clearly indicates an exception, words such as "a," "an," "a kind," and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular and may also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of explicitly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0061] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a loudspeaker according to some embodiments of this specification; Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of another loudspeaker according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0062] The loudspeaker includes a driving section and a vibrating section. The driving section is drively connected to the vibrating section, and the driving section can drive the vibrating section to vibrate. The vibration of the vibrating section generates sound and transmits the sound to the outside of the loudspeaker. In this specification, the driving section may include the driving unit described below, and the vibrating section may include the diaphragm described below. In some embodiments, such as Figure 1AAs shown, the loudspeaker 100 may include a housing 110, a diaphragm 120, a drive unit 130, and a vibration transmission unit 140.

[0063] The housing 110 refers to the structure that carries and protects the remaining components of the speaker 100. In some embodiments, the housing 110 has an inner cavity. The shape of the inner cavity can be a regular shape such as a cuboid or a cylinder, or it can be an irregular shape.

[0064] A diaphragm 120 refers to a membrane structure that generates sound through vibration. In some embodiments, the diaphragm 120 may be disposed within an inner cavity. The shape of the diaphragm 120 may be rectangular, circular, or similar. In some embodiments, such as Figure 1A , Figure 1B As shown, the diaphragm 120 can vibrate along the Z direction.

[0065] In some embodiments, the diaphragm 120 can divide the inner cavity of the housing 110 into two acoustic cavities (e.g., the front cavity 111 and the rear cavity 112). In some embodiments, the speaker 100 can be provided with corresponding structures in the inner cavity (e.g., the front cavity 111 and the rear cavity 112). For example, the housing 110 can be provided with corresponding sound outlets (e.g., a sound outlet 111a communicating with the front cavity 111, or a pressure relief hole communicating with the rear cavity, etc.), a mesh fabric for dust prevention and / or damping provided in the sound outlet 111a, a mesh fabric 113 for dust prevention and / or damping provided in the pressure relief hole, etc.

[0066] The drive unit 130 serves as the drive terminal of the speaker 100, providing driving force to the speaker 100 by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. In some embodiments, the drive unit 130 can drive the diaphragm 120 to vibrate. In some embodiments, the drive unit 130 can be disposed within the housing 110. In some embodiments, the type of drive unit 130 may include electromagnetic, electrostatic, piezoelectric, etc. For details regarding the electromagnetic type of drive unit 130, please refer to... Figure 22 For the relevant information, and the explanation regarding the piezoelectric type of the drive unit 130, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 10A-11B Related content.

[0067] In some embodiments, the drive unit 130 may further divide the rear cavity 112 into a first sub-rear cavity 112a and a second sub-rear cavity 112b, such as Figure 1A As shown, the first sub-rear cavity 112a is located on the side of the drive unit 130 facing the diaphragm 120. Figure 1A In the illustrated embodiment, the first sub-rear cavity 112a is located between the diaphragm 120 and the drive unit 130; the second sub-rear cavity 112b is located on the side of the drive unit 130 opposite to the diaphragm 120. Figure 1AIn the embodiment shown, the second sub-rear cavity 112b can be located between the drive unit 130 and the mesh 113 at the pressure relief hole.

[0068] In some embodiments, the diaphragm 120 and the drive unit 130 can be an integral structure. In this case, the diaphragm 120 material can be one or more composite materials selected from semiconductor materials such as silicon, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon carbide. In some embodiments, the diaphragm 120 material can also be a semiconductor-polymer composite structure. For example, the preferred polymer materials are polyimide, photoresist, phenylene oxide, and hydrogel. In some embodiments, the diaphragm 120, the drive unit 130, and the housing 110 can be connected by assembly.

[0069] In some embodiments, the diaphragm 120 and the drive unit 130 can also be separate structures, wherein the drive unit 130 is fabricated using MEMS technology, and the diaphragm 120 is fabricated using conventional technology. In this case, the material of the diaphragm 120 can be a rigid material such as aluminum alloy, carbon fiber, magnesium-lithium alloy, stainless steel, or plastic. In some embodiments, the molding process of the diaphragm 120 includes etching, stamping, and injection molding. In some embodiments, the diaphragm 120 and the vibration transmission unit 140 can be assembled by adhesive bonding.

[0070] In some embodiments, the diaphragm 120 and the drive unit 130 are separate structures, and in this case, the diaphragm 120 and the drive unit 130 can be connected by a vibration transmission unit 140. Here, the vibration transmission unit 140 refers to the structure that transmits the driving force generated by the drive unit 130 to the diaphragm 120. In some embodiments, the vibration transmission unit 140 can drively connect the diaphragm 120 and the drive unit 130. In some embodiments, the vibration transmission unit 140 can be disposed within the housing 110. Further description of the vibration transmission unit 140 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 14A-16B The corresponding description.

[0071] In some embodiments, the speaker 100 may also be as follows: Figure 1B The layout is shown. In some embodiments, the housing 110 may further include a base 114 fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the housing 110. The base 114 is a base for supporting the drive unit 130. In some embodiments, the base 114 may have various configurations. For example, as shown... Figure 1A As shown, the base 114 can be disposed below the drive unit 130. For example, as... Figure 1B As shown, the base 114 can also be disposed above the drive unit 130.

[0072] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1B As shown, the drive unit 130 can be connected to the housing 110 via an adhesive 115. The adhesive 115 can be an adhesive or a conductive adhesive.

[0073] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a mass-spring-damped system according to some embodiments shown in this specification; Figure 3 This is a velocity resonance curve of a mass-spring-damped system shown in some embodiments of this specification; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent mechanical model of a loudspeaker according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0074] In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 100 can be equivalently represented as a model of multiple mass-spring-damped systems connected in series and parallel. In actual operation, when the operating frequency of the loudspeaker 100 is far from the natural frequency f0 of a certain mass-spring-damped system, the system undergoes forced vibration under the excitation load, transmitting force and displacement. When the operating frequency approaches the natural frequency f0 of a certain mass-spring-damped system, the system resonates, causing the loudspeaker 100 to experience a large vibration velocity at the corresponding local structure of the system, ultimately manifesting as corresponding peaks and valleys on the frequency response curve of the loudspeaker 100.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 2 ,by Figure 2 The single mass-spring-damped system shown is analyzed. Figure 2 The motion of the single mass-spring-damped system shown can be described by the following formula (1): Where M is the system mass, R is the system damping, K is the system elastic coefficient, F is the driving force amplitude, x is the system displacement, and ω is the external force circular frequency.

[0076] Solving for the steady-state velocity in formula (1) above, we can obtain: Where v is the velocity of motion, v a This represents the amplitude of the motion speed.

[0077] Combining formulas (1) and (2), the amplitude of the system's velocity is: Among them, Q m This refers to the mechanical quality factor.

[0078] For v a Divide by normalization factor Define v B To normalize the velocity, we have:

[0079] When the operating frequency f of the system is equal to the natural frequency f0 of the mass-spring-damped system, that is, when f = f0, the output velocity v of the mass-spring-damped system reaches its maximum value. amax for:

[0080] The output sound pressure level (SPL) of loudspeaker 100 is positively correlated with the output velocity of the mass-spring-damping system, i.e., p a ∝v a .

[0081] Therefore, by designing the output motion velocity amplitude of each mass-spring-damping system of the loudspeaker 100, the output sound pressure level of the loudspeaker 100 can be controlled.

[0082] One end of the drive unit 130 is fixedly connected to the housing 110, and the other end is connected to the diaphragm 120 through the vibration transmission unit 140. Simultaneously, the drive unit 130 is in contact with air. Since the drive unit 130 has a corresponding mass Md, damping R, and stiffness K, it can be equivalently connected to the housing 110 via a spring with stiffness Kd and a damper with damping Rd, and has a mass Md as an inertial unit. Furthermore, the drive unit 130 is connected to the diaphragm 120 via spring Kp and damping Rp, and is also connected to the air load via spring Ka2 and damping Ra2. Furthermore, the drive unit 130, as an electro-mechanical energy conversion unit, can output force F1 or displacement S1 to the vibration system of the loudspeaker 100. In order to improve the output sound pressure level of the loudspeaker 100, it is necessary to increase the force F1 or displacement S1 output by the drive unit 130 and match the impedance between the drive unit 130 and the diaphragm 120 so that the force F1 or displacement S1 output by the drive unit 130 can be transmitted to the diaphragm 120 with minimal loss, so that the diaphragm 120 outputs the maximum displacement or velocity.

[0083] In some embodiments, the mass of the diaphragm 120 and the vibration transmission unit 140 can be equivalent to a total mass Mm. The diaphragm 120 is connected to the housing 110 via a spring with stiffness Km and a damper with damping Rm. Simultaneously, the diaphragm 120 is connected to an air load via a spring Ka1 and a damper Ra1, radiating sound pressure by pushing air. The diaphragm 120 outputs a force Fm or a displacement Sm. The load on the diaphragm 120 varies with the displacement of the diaphragm 120, thus the diaphragm 120 is a variable load. In some embodiments, the load on the diaphragm 120 also includes the air pushed by the diaphragm 120. This load is an inertial load, mainly determined by the amount of air pushed by the diaphragm 120, which also determines the sound pressure level that the speaker 100 can output.

[0084] In summary, to improve the output performance (e.g., output sound pressure level) of the loudspeaker 100, the amount of air propelled by the diaphragm 120 can be increased. To further increase the amount of air propelled by the diaphragm 120, the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 120 can be increased, as can the force and displacement output by the drive unit 130 (e.g., by designing the structure of the drive beam 131 of the drive unit 130), and the efficiency of force and displacement transmission between the drive unit 130 and the diaphragm 120 can be improved (e.g., by designing the reinforcing layer 1010 of the drive unit 130, and the vibration transmission unit 140). For explanations of the drive beam 131 and the reinforcing layer 1010, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 10A-11B For further details regarding the vibration transmission unit 140, please refer to the relevant instructions. Figures 14A-16B Related explanations.

[0085] In some embodiments, the edge of the diaphragm 120 may be connected to the housing 110, in which case the vibration of the diaphragm 120 is constrained by the housing 110, and the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 120 is relatively small. In some embodiments, in order to increase the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 120 of the speaker 100, a gap is designed between the diaphragm 120 and the housing 110.

[0086] Figure 5A This is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the housing and diaphragm according to some embodiments of this specification. Figure 5B yes Figure 5A A magnified view of the first gap shown at point A in the middle. Figure 5A It can be seen as Figure 1A The CC view.

[0087] like Figure 1A , Figure 5A , Figure 5B As shown, a first gap 150 exists between the edge of the diaphragm 120 and the inner wall of the housing 110, allowing the diaphragm 120 to slide relative to the inner wall of the housing 110. It should be noted that the presence of the first gap 150 between the edge of the diaphragm 120 and the inner wall of the housing 110 indicates that a gap exists between the diaphragm 120 and the inner wall of the housing 110 at any cross-section perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120. The following explanation uses a cuboid shape as an example.

[0088] like Figure 5BAs shown, in some embodiments, the first gap 150 may include a first sub-gap 511 disposed at at least one end along the length direction (X direction) of the inner cavity of the housing 110, and a second sub-gap 512 disposed at at least one end along the width direction (Y direction) of the inner cavity of the housing 110. Optionally, the first gap 150 is distributed around the entire edge of the diaphragm 120, and the first gap 150 completely separates the diaphragm 120 from the inner wall of the housing 110. In this case, around the diaphragm 120, first sub-gap 511 is provided at both ends along the length direction (X direction) of the inner cavity of the housing 110, and second sub-gap 512 is provided at both ends along the width direction (Y direction) of the inner cavity of the housing 110.

[0089] By providing a first gap between the speaker diaphragm 120 and the housing 110, the constraint exerted by the housing 110 on the diaphragm 120 during its movement can be reduced, allowing the diaphragm 120 to vibrate relative to the housing 110 in a manner similar to piston motion, thereby increasing the amount of air that the diaphragm 120 can push during vibration. Furthermore, reducing the constraint on the diaphragm 120 also increases the maximum stroke of the diaphragm 120 (i.e., the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 120), improving the speaker's output sound pressure level. By distributing the first gap 150 around the entire edge of the diaphragm 120, the first gap 150 completely separates the diaphragm 120 from the inner wall of the housing 110, effectively reducing the constraint of the housing 110 on the diaphragm 120 and further improving the speaker's output sound pressure level.

[0090] In some embodiments, the first gap 150 has a certain width in a cross-section perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120. The width of the first gap 150 refers to the shortest distance between the edge of the diaphragm 120 and the inner wall of the housing 110 in a cross-section perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120. In some embodiments, the width of the first gap 150 may be different or the same at different positions along the circumference of the diaphragm 120. As an example only, for a rectangular diaphragm, the width wjx of the first sub-gap 511 and the width wjy of the second sub-gap 512 may be the same or different.

[0091] Figure 6 This is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the frequency response curves corresponding to different widths of the first gap according to some embodiments of this specification. A frequency response curve is a curve showing how the output of a loudspeaker changes with frequency, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the horizontal axis represents frequency (freq), with the unit being Hertz (Hz), and the vertical axis represents gain (corresponding to sound pressure level SPL), with the unit being decibels (dB).

[0092] like Figure 6As shown, different widths of the first gap 150 correspond to different frequency response curves. As the width of the first gap 150 increases, the output frequency response decreases. When the width of the first gap 150 increases from 8μm (… Figure 6 The topmost curve) increases to 100 μm ( Figure 6 When the bottom curve is reached, the sound pressure level decreases by approximately 2 dB. In some embodiments, to avoid excessively large first gaps 150 reducing sound output, the width of the first gap 150 can be set to less than or equal to 50 μm. In this case, the frequency response attenuation of the speaker output compared to 8 μm is less than 1.5 dB, and the impact on the acoustic performance of the speaker is not significant. To further improve the speaker output while reducing the manufacturing difficulty with small gaps, in some embodiments, the width of the first gap 150 can be 5 μm-30 μm. In some preferred embodiments, the width of the first gap 150 can be 10 μm-20 μm.

[0093] Increasing the width of the first gap reduces manufacturing difficulty but increases air leakage between the front and rear cavities, causing acoustic short circuits and reducing sound output. Conversely, a narrow first gap increases manufacturing difficulty and costs. Therefore, the width of the first gap needs to be controlled within a reasonable range. In some embodiments of this specification, by limiting the width of the first gap to an appropriate range, airflow between the front and rear cavities can be reduced, thereby minimizing sound pressure level loss during diaphragm vibration while controlling speaker manufacturing costs.

[0094] Figure 7A This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the connection structure of the drive unit and vibration transmission unit according to some embodiments of this specification; Figure 7B This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the connection structure of the drive unit, vibration transmission unit, and diaphragm according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0095] like Figure 7A As shown, the substrate 114 is arranged around the diaphragm 120 and the drive unit 130. The vibration transmission unit 140 is located in the middle of the width direction and along the length direction, connecting the drive unit 130 to the diaphragm 120 so that vibration can be transmitted to the diaphragm 120 through the vibration transmission unit 140. Figure 7B As shown in the dashed boxes C and D, the drive unit 130 includes a region connected to the vibration transmission unit 140 and a region away from the vibration transmission unit 140. These two regions differ in structure and thickness direction. Further structural descriptions of the drive unit 130 can be found elsewhere in this specification, such as... Figure 10B and Figure 10C The description.

[0096] Figure 8A This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the connection structure of the housing and drive unit according to some embodiments of this specification; Figure 8B yes Figure 8A A magnified view of the second gap shown at point B. Figure 8A It can be seen as Figure 1A The CC view after removing the diaphragm 120.

[0097] In order to increase the displacement of the drive unit 130, the drive unit 130 can be designed with a gap between itself and the base 114 in certain directions, so that the drive unit 130 can form a structure similar to a drive arm with one end suspended.

[0098] To enhance the force and displacement output by the drive unit 130 while supporting it, the drive unit 130 can be configured such that a portion of its edge is connected to the housing 110, while another portion of its edge has a second gap 810 with the housing 110. For example, as... Figure 8A , Figure 8B As shown, the edge of the drive unit 130 in the Y direction is connected to the housing 110, and the edge of the drive unit 130 in the X direction has a second gap 810 with the housing 110. For example, when the second gap 810 is set in the Y direction, the edge of the drive unit 130 in the X direction can be connected to the housing 110. It should be noted that the second gap 810 between another part of the edge of the drive unit 130 and the housing 110 indicates that a gap exists between the drive unit 130 and the housing 110 on any cross-section of the drive unit 130 perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120. The second gap 810 is the gap between the other part of the edge of the drive unit 130 and the structure of the housing 110 that is closest to the drive unit 130. For example, when the housing 110 has a base 114, and the base 114 is closer to the drive unit 130 than the inner wall of the housing 110, then the second gap 810 can be understood as the gap between the other part of the edge of the drive unit and the base 114.

[0099] In some embodiments, taking the inner cavity of the housing 110 as an example, the driving unit 130 may form a second gap 810 between at least one end of the inner cavity of the housing 110 in the length direction (X direction) and the housing 110 (e.g., Figure 8B (As shown). In some embodiments, the drive unit 130 may form a second gap 810 between itself and the housing 110 at least one end of the inner cavity of the housing 110 in the width direction (Y direction). In some embodiments, taking the inner cavity of the housing 110 as a cylinder as an example, the drive unit 130 may form a gap between itself and the housing 110 in a partial angular region of the circumference.

[0100] By setting a slit structure, such as a second gap, between the speaker's driver unit and the housing, the driver unit can have a larger displacement, thereby increasing the diaphragm's travel distance and improving the output sound pressure level.

[0101] Figure 9A This is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the frequency response curves corresponding to different widths of the second gap as illustrated in some embodiments of this specification. The horizontal axis of the frequency response curve represents frequency (freq) in Hertz (Hz), and the vertical axis represents gain (corresponding to sound pressure level SPL) in decibels (dB).

[0102] In some embodiments, the width of the second gap 810 in a cross section perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120 is less than or equal to 100 μm. The width of the second gap 810 is denoted as lf, which refers to the shortest distance between another part of the edge of the drive unit 130 and the structure of the housing 110 in a cross section perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120, such as the structure of the housing 110 being a base 114.

[0103] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9A As shown, different widths of the second gap 810 correspond to different frequency response curves; as the width of the second gap 810 increases, the output frequency response decreases. (This is because...) Figure 9A The frequency response curve shows that when lf increases from 8μm (refer to...) Figure 9A The topmost curve) to 100μm (refer to) Figure 9A When the bottom curve is reached, the sound pressure level drops by only about 0.6 dB, which has no significant impact on the final listening experience of the speaker and is within an acceptable range. Therefore, when the width of the second gap 810 is less than 100 μm, the second gap 810 has no significant effect on the frequency response of the output.

[0104] Figure 9B This is an exemplary schematic diagram showing another frequency response curve corresponding to different widths of the second gap as illustrated in some embodiments of this specification. The horizontal axis of the frequency response curve represents frequency (freq) in Hertz (Hz), and the vertical axis represents gain (corresponding to sound pressure level SPL) in decibels (dB). Figure 9B The study compared the frequency response curves when the lf value was within the aforementioned range (less than or equal to 100 μm) and when it exceeded the aforementioned range. Figure 9B It can be seen that when lf is 0um (i.e., the second gap 810 is not set), the sound pressure output is reduced by about 21dB compared to the case where lf is 100um because the movement of the drive unit 130 is restricted and piston movement cannot be formed; when lf is 500um, the output is reduced by about 9dB compared to the case where lf is 100um due to the increased air leakage.

[0105] The second gap ensures that the movement of the drive unit 130 is not restricted by the housing 110, allowing for piston-like motion during speaker operation. Increasing the width of the second gap reduces manufacturing complexity but also increases air leakage between the front and rear cavities, potentially causing acoustic short circuits and reducing sound output. Conversely, if the second gap is too small, it increases manufacturing complexity and creates a nearly sealed space between the diaphragm and drive unit, making it difficult to compress air in the rear cavity and reducing diaphragm amplitude, especially at low frequencies. Therefore, the width of the second gap must be controlled within a reasonable range. In some embodiments of this specification, by setting the second gap within a reasonable range, manufacturing costs can be controlled while preventing acoustic leakage between the front and rear cavities, which could lead to acoustic short circuits and reduced output.

[0106] Figure 10A This is another exemplary structural schematic diagram of a loudspeaker according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0107] like Figure 10A As shown, the drive unit 130 includes a plurality of drive beams 131, each drive beam 131 having a fixed end and a free end, the fixed end being connected to the housing 110.

[0108] In some embodiments, the free end of the drive beam 131 can be connected to the vibration transmission unit 140 so that the vibration transmission unit 140 can transmit the driving force of the drive beam 131 to the diaphragm 120, thereby driving the diaphragm 120 to vibrate and generate sound output.

[0109] Since the vibration of the diaphragm 120 is driven by the deformation of the driving beam 131, the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120 is the deformation direction of the driving beam 131.

[0110] like Figure 10A As shown, the loudspeaker 100 also includes a reinforcing layer 1010, through which the free end of the drive beam 131 can be connected to the vibration transmission unit 140. Optionally, the reinforcing layer 1010 is elastic.

[0111] The reinforcing layer 1010 can alter the mechanical properties of the drive unit 130, such as increasing its damping and stiffness. In some embodiments, the reinforcing layer 1010 can be made of composite materials such as semiconductor materials and polymer materials. For example, it can be one or more composite materials selected from polymer materials such as polyimide (PI), photoresist, pyrene, and hydrogel, or one or more composite materials selected from semiconductor materials such as silicon (Si), silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiNx), and silicon carbide (SiC). In some preferred embodiments, the reinforcing layer 1010 can be made of polyimide (PI) material.

[0112] Figure 10B , Figure 10C and Figure 10D yes Figure 10A Schematic diagrams of different parts of the drive unit, wherein... Figure 10B yes Figure 7B A magnified view of a section at point C. Figure 10C yes Figure 7B A magnified view of a section at point D. Figure 10D This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the second connection region on the reinforcement layer.

[0113] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10B As shown, each drive beam 131 may include a piezoelectric layer 1030. The piezoelectric layer 1030 can cause the drive beam 131 to output vibration in response to an electrical signal. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric layer may be made of a material having a piezoelectric effect (e.g., piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric quartz, piezoelectric crystals, piezoelectric polymers, etc.). Exemplarily, the material of the piezoelectric layer may include, but is not limited to, aluminum nitride (AlN), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), zinc oxide (ZnO), and other lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.

[0114] The drive beam 131 may also include two electrode layers (not shown in the figure) located on opposite sides of the piezoelectric layer 1030. The electrode layers may be made of highly conductive materials (e.g., metals, alloys, conductive polymers, etc.). For example, the electrode layers may include metallic silver (Ag), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), gold (Au), titanium-gold alloy (Ti / Au), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), etc.

[0115] In some embodiments, the drive beam 131 may further include a piezoelectric seed layer (not shown in the figure), which may be disposed on the side of the piezoelectric layer 1030 away from the reinforcing layer 1010. The piezoelectric seed layer can give the piezoelectric layer 1030 a better 001 crystal orientation. In some embodiments, the material of the piezoelectric seed layer may include conductive materials, such as strontium oxide (SrO) or zirconium oxide (ZrO2). In some embodiments, the drive beam 131 may further include a buffer layer (not shown in the figure), which may be disposed on the side of the piezoelectric layer 1030 away from the reinforcing layer 1010. For example, the buffer layer may be disposed on the side of the piezoelectric seed layer closer to the reinforcing layer 1010. The buffer layer can also give the piezoelectric layer 1030 a better 001 crystal orientation. In some embodiments, the material of the buffer layer may include, but is not limited to, lithium niobate (LiNbO3).

[0116] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10B As shown, the piezoelectric layer 1030 and the reinforcing layer 1010 are stacked along the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120.

[0117] In some embodiments, the drive beam 131 may further include a substrate layer 1020 and another reinforcing layer 1040 (such as...). Figure 10B (As shown). The other reinforcing layer 1040 is located between the piezoelectric layer 1030 and the reinforcing layer 1010, and the substrate layer 1020 is disposed on the side of the piezoelectric layer 1030 away from the other reinforcing layer 1040. The substrate layer 1020 can cooperate with the other reinforcing layer 1040 to adjust the stiffness and damping of the drive unit 130, as well as the position of the neutral plane (not shown) of the drive unit 130, thereby adjusting the output performance of the drive unit 130. For example, by adjusting the thickness of the substrate layer 1020, the piezoelectric layer 1030 can be positioned entirely on one side of the neutral plane of the drive beam 131 (e.g., the neutral plane is located within the other reinforcing layer 1040), so that when the drive unit 130 bends, the elongation (or compression) deformation caused by the tensile stress (or compressive stress) of the piezoelectric layer 1030 can generate greater vibration. As another example, the stiffness of the drive unit 130 can be adjusted by the placement of the substrate layer 1020, thereby adjusting the vibration mode of the drive unit 130 and improving the output performance of the speaker 100.

[0118] In some embodiments, the substrate 1020 may be made of, but is not limited to, semiconductor materials. For example, the semiconductor material may include one or more composite materials selected from semiconductor materials such as silicon (Si), silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiNx), and silicon carbide (SiC). In some embodiments, the substrate 1020 may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure. For example, the substrate 1020 may have a single-layer structure made of a single semiconductor material (e.g., Si, SiO2). As another example, the substrate 1020 may have a multi-layer structure made of multiple semiconductor materials (e.g., a Si / SiO2 bilayer structure, a Si / SiNx bilayer structure, etc.). In some embodiments, the substrate 1020 may directly use SOI (Silicon On Insulator) wafer top silicon.

[0119] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10C As shown, the reinforcing layer 1010 may include a first connection region 1011 covered by a piezoelectric layer (e.g., piezoelectric layer 1030) and a second connection region 1012 not covered by the piezoelectric layer 1030, the second connection region 1012 being connected to the vibration transmission unit 140.

[0120] The second connection region 1012, which is not covered by the piezoelectric layer 1030, is elastic. In some embodiments, the design of the second connection region 1012 allows the force and displacement generated by the drive unit 130 to be effectively transmitted to the diaphragm 120. For ease of explanation, the length of the second connection region 1012 along the extension direction of the drive beam is denoted as ltan. More details regarding the length of the second connection region 1012 are provided below.

[0121] Figure 11A This is an exemplary structural diagram of a loudspeaker where the reinforcing layer is not completely covered by the piezoelectric layer; Figure 11B This is an exemplary structural diagram of a speaker where the reinforcing layer is not completely covered by the piezoelectric layer.

[0122] like Figure 11A As shown, the inner cavity of the housing 110 is rectangular. The drive beam 131 can be arranged on both sides of the vibration transmission unit 140 along the length direction (X direction). There is a second gap between the drive beam 131 and the base 114 along the width direction (Y direction). The free end of the drive beam 131 is connected to the vibration transmission unit 140 through the reinforcing layer 1010. Figure 11BAs shown, the inner cavity of the housing 110 is rectangular or square in shape, and the cross section of the inner cavity perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm is square. The drive beam 131 can be arranged around the vibration transmission unit 140. The fixed end of the drive beam 131 is fixedly connected to the housing 110 (base 114). There is a second gap between the edges of the multiple drive beams 131 and the housing 110. The free end of the drive beam 131 is connected to the vibration transmission unit 140 through the reinforcing layer 1010.

[0123] In some embodiments of this specification, by providing a reinforcing layer with a length exceeding that of the piezoelectric layer, the extensibility of the area of ​​the reinforcing layer not covered by the piezoelectric layer can be utilized to increase the transmission of vibration and improve vibration output.

[0124] As mentioned above, in the extension direction of the drive beam, i.e., from the fixed end to the free end, the length ltan of the second connection region 1012 can be greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 0.7 mm. In some embodiments, the length ltan of the second connection region 1012 can be greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 0.5 mm. In some embodiments, the length ltan of the second connection region 1012 can be greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.7 mm. In other embodiments, the length ltan of the second connection region 1012 can be 0 mm, that is, the piezoelectric layer 1030 can completely cover the reinforcing layer 1010.

[0125] Figures 12A-12B These are local deformation cloud diagrams corresponding to loudspeakers with different lengths of the second connection region as shown in some embodiments of this specification.

[0126] Figure 12A The image shown is a partial deformation contour plot of the speaker 100 when the length ltan of the second connection region 1012 is 0.3 mm. Figure 12B The image shown is a local deformation contour plot of the speaker 100 when the length ltan of the second connection region 1012 is 0.9 mm. Figure 12A , Figure 12B It can be seen that the valley phase with an ltan of 0.3 mm is shallower than that with an ltan of 0.9 mm. When the length of the second connecting region 1012 is large (e.g. Figure 12B When ltan is 0.9mm, the stiffness of the second connection area is lower than that of the speaker driver unit, which causes most of the force to dissipate inside the second connection area 1012 and cannot be effectively transmitted to the diaphragm 120, resulting in a small vibration displacement of the diaphragm 120.

[0127] Figure 13AThis is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the frequency response curves corresponding to different lengths of the second connection region according to some embodiments of this specification. The horizontal axis of the frequency response curve represents frequency (freq), in Hertz (Hz), and the vertical axis represents gain (corresponding to sound pressure level SPL), in decibels (dB). Figure 13A It can be seen that when ltan equals 0 mm, due to the increased stiffness of the driving unit, the resonant frequency (i.e., the frequency corresponding to the peak point of the curve) increases, and the output sound pressure level decreases. However, when ltan equals 0 mm, there are no peaks or valleys in the mid-frequency range, and the frequency response curve in the mid-frequency range has good flatness. As ltan increases from 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm, the local mode of the second connection region 1012 causes the frequency of the deep valley in the frequency response to shift forward in the audible frequency range, and the depth of the valley increases, reducing the flatness of the frequency response curve. Figure 13A It can be seen that when ltan is less than or equal to 0.7 mm, the valley is relatively shallow; when ltan is less than or equal to 0.5 mm, the valley phase is significantly improved. Therefore, when ltan is less than or equal to 0.7 mm (especially less than or equal to 0.5 mm), a relatively flat frequency response curve can be obtained. Comparing the curves with ltan equal to 0 mm and ltan not equal to 0 mm (such as equal to 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, or 0.7 mm), it can be seen that when ltan is not equal to 0 mm, the output sound pressure level of the loudspeaker is significantly improved.

[0128] If the length ltan of the second connection region is too large, it will result in excessive loss during vibration transmission; if ltan is too small, it will lead to increased stiffness, and as ltan decreases, the peaks and troughs of the speaker's frequency response curve shift to higher frequencies. In some embodiments of this specification, by setting a reasonable length of the second connection region, the output sound pressure level of the speaker can be improved, while ensuring a relatively flat frequency response curve and thus guaranteeing the speaker's output performance.

[0129] Figure 10E This is another exemplary schematic diagram of the second connection region shown according to some embodiments of this specification. In some embodiments, such as Figure 10EAs shown, in the extension direction of the drive beam, i.e., from the fixed end to the free end, the ratio n of the length ltan of the second connecting region 1012 to the length lq of the drive beam 131 is greater than 0 and less than 25%. In some embodiments, in the extension direction of the drive beam, i.e., from the fixed end to the free end, the ratio n of the length ltan of the second connecting region 1012 to the length lq of the drive beam 131 is greater than 0 and less than 24.6%. In some embodiments, in the extension direction of the drive beam, i.e. from the fixed end to the free end, the ratio n of the length ltan of the second connecting region 1012 to the length lq of the drive beam 131 is greater than 0 and less than 18%. In some embodiments, in the extension direction of the drive beam, i.e. from the fixed end to the free end, the ratio n of the length ltan of the second connecting region 1012 to the length lq of the drive beam 131 is greater than 0 and less than 17.5%.

[0130] Figure 13B This is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the frequency response curves corresponding to different length ratios of the second connection region and the drive beam, as illustrated in some embodiments of this specification. The horizontal axis of the frequency response curve represents frequency (freq), in Hertz (Hz), and the vertical axis represents gain (corresponding to sound pressure level SPL), in decibels (dB). Figure 13B It can be seen that as the ratio n increases, the local modes of the 1010 elastic structure of the reinforcing layer cause the frequency of the deep valley in the frequency response to shift forward in the audible frequency range, and the increased depth of the valley reduces the flatness of the speaker's frequency response curve. For the curve with a ratio n equal to 24.6%, the valley is relatively shallow. Therefore, when the ratio n is greater than 0 but less than 25% (24.6%), the speaker's frequency response curve is relatively flat. In particular, for the curve with a ratio n equal to 17.5%, the valley phase is significantly improved. Therefore, when the ratio n is greater than 0 but less than 18% (17.5%), the speaker's frequency response curve becomes significantly flatter, improving the speaker's output performance. Comparing the curves with a ratio n equal to 0 and those with a ratio n not equal to 0 (such as equal to 10.5%, 17.5%, or 24.6%), when ltan is not equal to 0, the output sound pressure level is significantly improved.

[0131] In some embodiments, the Young's modulus of the reinforcing layer 1010 is 1E8 Pa to 1E10 Pa. Young's modulus is an indicator of the rigidity of a material; the larger the Young's modulus, the less likely it is to deform.

[0132] In some embodiments of this specification, by limiting the Young's modulus, it is possible to both reduce the dissipation of force within the second connection region (if the Young's modulus is too small, the stiffness is too small, and most of the force is easily dissipated within the second connection region) and ensure a large displacement distance (if the Young's modulus is too large, the stiffness is too large, and the displacement distance is small).

[0133] To ensure that the diaphragm vibrates along the Z direction without deflection during its movement, the structure of the vibration transmission unit 140 can be designed to increase the contact area between the vibration transmission unit 140 and the diaphragm 120. Figures 14A-14C This is an exemplary structural schematic diagram of the diaphragm and vibration transmission unit according to some embodiments of this specification; Figure 15 This is an exemplary structural schematic diagram of a diaphragm according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0134] The structure in the vibration transmission unit 140 can be designed in various shapes, for example, Figure 14A The vibration transmission unit 140 shown is a trapezoidal transmission structure 1410. Figure 14B The vibration transmission unit 140 shown is an I-shaped transmission structure 1420. In the trapezoidal transmission structure, the area of ​​the vibration transmission unit 140 in contact with the diaphragm is larger than the area connected to the drive unit. In the I-shaped transmission structure, the area of ​​the first end of the vibration transmission unit 140 connected to the diaphragm and the area of ​​the second end connected to the drive unit are both larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the middle region connecting the first and second ends on the vibration transmission structure unit.

[0135] In some alternative embodiments, to further reduce the local deformation modes of the diaphragm 120, corresponding structures can be designed on the diaphragm 120 to improve its stiffness. For example, such as Figure 14C As shown, a rectangular structure 1430 can be additionally provided on the diaphragm 120. For example, as... Figure 15 As shown, reinforcing ribs 1440 can be provided on the diaphragm 120 to increase the stiffness of the diaphragm 120. For example, Figure 15 As shown, the reinforcing rib 1440 can be disposed in the middle of the diaphragm 120, has a hollow area, and can be a centrally symmetrical structure. In some embodiments, when the diaphragm 120 is rectangular, the outer contour of the reinforcing rib 1440 can be a rectangle with an area smaller than that of the diaphragm 120, or when the diaphragm 120 is circular, the outer contour of the reinforcing rib 1440 can be a circle with an area smaller than that of the diaphragm 120.

[0136] In order to further increase the contact area between the vibration transmission unit 140 and the diaphragm 120, so that the diaphragm can be supported more evenly and avoid tilting, in some embodiments, the vibration transmission unit 140 includes a plurality of sub-transmission structures, which are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120.

[0137] Figures 16A-16B This is an exemplary structural diagram of multiple sub-transmission structures with different distributions shown in some embodiments of this specification.

[0138] In some embodiments, when multiple sub-transmission structures are provided, the arrangement of each structure inside the speaker 100 can be varied. For example, as... Figure 16A As shown, the diaphragm 120 is connected to one end of each of the multiple sub-transmission structures 140-1, 140-2, ..., 140-n. The other end of each of the multiple sub-transmission structures 140-1, 140-2, ..., 140-n can be connected to multiple drive units 130 (such as drive units 130-1, 130-2, ..., 130-n). The multiple drive units 130 are supported and connected based on multiple spaced-apart bases 114 and housings 110. The multiple spaced-apart bases 114 can be connected by a mesh fabric 113. For example, as... Figure 16B As shown, the diaphragm 120 is connected to one end of each of the multiple sub-transmission structures. The other end of each of the multiple sub-transmission structures 140-1, 140-2, ..., 140-n can be connected to multiple drive units 130 (such as drive units 130-1, 130-2, ..., 130-n) for transmission. The multiple drive units 130 are supported and connected based on multiple spaced colloids 115 and housings 110. The substrate 114 is disposed on both sides of the diaphragm 120 against the housings 110.

[0139] In some embodiments of this specification, by setting a reasonable structural shape for the vibration transmission unit, or by setting multiple sub-transmission structures and distributing them reasonably, the diaphragm can always vibrate along the Z direction during movement, avoiding deflection, ensuring the consistency of the overall diaphragm movement, and reducing the occurrence of local deformation modes.

[0140] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a loudspeaker diaphragm without an auxiliary drive structure, as shown in some embodiments of this specification.

[0141] like Figure 17 As shown, when the drive unit 130 drives the diaphragm 120 to move upward, the volume of the front cavity 111 will shrink, thus forming a positive pressure area in the front cavity 111. The volume of the rear cavity 112 (first sub-rear cavity 112a) will increase, thus forming a negative pressure area in the first sub-rear cavity 112a. Air will flow from the front cavity 111 to the first sub-rear cavity 112a along the gap between the diaphragm 120 and the inner wall of the housing, opposite to the movement of the diaphragm 120, thereby causing an acoustic short circuit.

[0142] In some embodiments, an auxiliary drive structure capable of deformation can be provided to avoid acoustic short circuits. Figures 18A-18B This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a loudspeaker including an auxiliary driving structure, as shown in some embodiments of this specification.

[0143] like Figure 18A , Figure 18BAs shown, the loudspeaker 100 also includes an auxiliary drive structure 1810, which is disposed on the housing 110 or located in the inner cavity. The auxiliary drive structure 1810 is located on the side of the diaphragm 120 opposite to the drive unit 130, and a cavity is formed between the auxiliary drive structure 1810 and the diaphragm 120. The auxiliary drive structure 1810 can deform while the diaphragm 120 vibrates to compensate for the change in cavity volume caused by the vibration of the diaphragm 120. The cavity can be part of the front cavity 111 or equivalent to the front cavity 111. By compensating for the change in cavity volume, the volume of the front cavity 111, which might have decreased in size, increases. At this time, the air pressure difference between the first sub-rear cavity 112a and the front cavity 111 decreases, which helps to reduce the flow of air along the gap and thus avoids acoustic short circuit.

[0144] The auxiliary drive structure 1810 is a structure that adjusts the internal cavity pressure through deformation. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 18A , 18B As shown, one end of the auxiliary drive structure 1810 can be connected to the housing 110, while the other end is suspended, so that the auxiliary drive structure 1810 can deform with the vibration of the diaphragm 120 to compensate for the change in cavity volume caused by the vibration of the diaphragm 120. In some embodiments, the auxiliary drive structure 1810 can be part of the housing 110. For example, the auxiliary drive structure 1810 is part of the housing surrounding the front cavity 111, and changing the size of the auxiliary drive structure 1810 can change the volume of the front cavity 111.

[0145] The auxiliary driving structure 1810 can compensate for changes in cavity volume through various optional structures and methods. In some embodiments, the deformation of the auxiliary driving structure 1810 can be achieved using a piezoelectric structure. For example, the auxiliary driving structure 1810 may include a piezoelectric layer and an electrode layer. The driving voltage of the piezoelectric layer and electrode layer causes the auxiliary driving structure 1810 to undergo corresponding deformation, thereby compensating for changes in cavity volume. For details regarding the configuration of the piezoelectric layer and electrode layer, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 11A The corresponding explanation is provided in the document.

[0146] In some embodiments of this specification, by providing an auxiliary driving structure above the diaphragm, the pressure difference on both sides of the diaphragm can be balanced, the airflow between the front and rear cavities can be reduced, the output sound pressure level can be increased, and the output performance of the loudspeaker can be improved.

[0147] In some embodiments, such as Figure 18BAs shown, the auxiliary drive structure 1810 moves towards or away from the drive unit 130 synchronously with the diaphragm 120. When the movement direction of the auxiliary drive structure 1810 is the same as the movement direction of the speaker drive unit, it can change the pressure in the front cavity 111 between the diaphragm 120 and the auxiliary drive structure 1410, reducing the pressure difference between the air pressure on the front side and the air pressure on the rear side of the diaphragm 120 in the direction of movement. This can avoid acoustic short circuits caused by airflow being opposite to the direction of movement of the diaphragm 120, while increasing the airflow in the same direction as the diaphragm 120 in the direction of movement, thereby increasing the output sound pressure level.

[0148] In some implementations, the auxiliary drive structure 1810 includes multiple piezoelectric beams arranged around the inner wall of the housing 110, with one end of each beam connected to the housing 110 and the other end suspended. Alternatively, the auxiliary drive structure 1810 includes a piezoelectric ring, with its outer ring connected to the housing 110 and its inner ring suspended. A piezoelectric beam is a beam-shaped structure with a piezoelectric structure (e.g., a piezoelectric sheet). A piezoelectric ring is a ring-shaped structure with a piezoelectric structure (e.g., a piezoelectric sheet). By using a piezoelectric beam or piezoelectric ring with one end fixed and the other suspended, a larger amplitude vibration can be generated at the suspended end, thereby better compensating for the cavity volume.

[0149] In addition to balancing pressure by changing the volume of the front cavity, pressure compensation can also be achieved by changing the area of ​​the sound outlet.

[0150] In some embodiments, an auxiliary driving structure may be disposed near the sound outlet 111a, which is acoustically coupled to the front cavity. As the diaphragm vibrates, the auxiliary driving structure deforms to change the area of ​​the sound outlet 111a. Specifically, when the diaphragm moves away from the driving unit, the auxiliary driving structure can increase the area of ​​the sound outlet or increase the effective air permeability / porosity of the sound outlet. When the diaphragm moves closer to the driving unit, the auxiliary driving structure deforms to decrease the area of ​​the sound outlet or decrease the effective air permeability / porosity of the sound outlet. For example, multiple piezoelectric elements may be disposed on the sidewall of the sound outlet, spaced circumferentially along the sound outlet. When the diaphragm vibrates away from the driving unit, the deformation of each piezoelectric element (e.g., bending towards or away from the diaphragm) can be controlled by controlling the driving voltage, thereby increasing the area of ​​the sound outlet. Another example is the placement of a piezoelectric grid at the sound outlet. When the diaphragm vibrates away from the drive unit, the piezoelectric grid can be deformed (e.g., from a planar structure to a circular arc structure) by controlling the drive voltage. The porosity of the piezoelectric grid will increase, thereby increasing the effective air permeability area / porosity on the sound outlet.

[0151] In some embodiments of this specification, by setting an auxiliary driving structure to move closer to or further away from the driving unit in sync with the diaphragm, the air pressure in the cavity can be better balanced, avoiding acoustic short circuits and increasing the output sound pressure level.

[0152] In some embodiments, such as Figure 18A As shown, when the sound outlet is directly opposite the diaphragm 120, the projection of the auxiliary drive structure 1810 along the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120 covers the first gap 150. Here, "the sound outlet is directly opposite the diaphragm 120" means that the sound outlet and the diaphragm 120 are spaced apart along the Z-direction.

[0153] In some embodiments, the sound outlet may not be directly opposite the diaphragm 120. For example, the sound outlet may be located on the side of the diaphragm 120, in which case the auxiliary drive structure 1810 may not necessarily cover the first gap 150.

[0154] In some embodiments of this specification, by setting the auxiliary drive structure so that its projection can at least cover the first gap, the flow of air between the front and rear chambers can be further reduced.

[0155] In some embodiments, the area between the end of the auxiliary drive structure 1810 away from the inner wall of the housing 110 and the end of the auxiliary drive structure 1810 connected to the inner wall of the housing 110 is the first area, and the area of ​​the cross-section of the inner cavity of the housing 110 perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120 is the second area, and the ratio of the first area to the second area is not less than 20%. The second area is the cross-sectional area of ​​the location in the inner cavity of the housing 110 where the auxiliary drive structure 1810 is not located (the cross-section perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120). For example, the cross-sectional area of ​​the region between the diaphragm 120 and the auxiliary drive structure 1810. In some embodiments, when multiple piezoelectric beams are arranged around the inner wall of the housing 110, the first area is the area between the circle formed by the suspended ends of the multiple piezoelectric beams and the circle formed by the end of the multiple piezoelectric beams connected to the housing 110. In some embodiments, when the auxiliary drive structure 1810 is a piezoelectric ring fixed to the housing 110, the first area is the area of ​​the entire piezoelectric ring.

[0156] The larger the area enclosed by the suspended ends of the multiple piezoelectric beams, i.e., the smaller the size of the piezoelectric beams, the smaller the ability to compensate for air pressure. By limiting the area enclosed by the suspended ends of the multiple piezoelectric beams, or the area of ​​the inner ring of the piezoelectric ring, it is possible to maintain the air pressure difference between the front cavity and the first sub-rear cavity within a small range while ensuring the airflow between them, thereby reducing the impact of acoustic short circuits.

[0157] Figures 19A-19C This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a loudspeaker containing turbulence components of different structures, according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0158] like Figures 19A-19CAs shown, a flow disturbance component 1910 is provided in the inner cavity along the gas flow path from the front cavity 111 to the rear cavity 112. Specifically, the flow disturbance component 1910 can be disposed near the gap formed between the diaphragm 120 and the inner side of the housing.

[0159] The turbulence-inducing component 1910 is used to increase airflow disturbance and create turbulence. In some embodiments, the turbulence-inducing component 1910 may be disposed on the housing 110. For example, the turbulence-inducing component 1910 may be a rod-shaped or plate-shaped structure with one end disposed on the inner wall of the housing 110 and the other end suspended. As another example, the turbulence-inducing component 1910 may be a spiral structure.

[0160] In some alternative embodiments, the turbulence component 1910 may be located in other locations besides the housing 110, such as on the drive unit 130, the vibration transmission unit 140, or the diaphragm 120, as long as it can create airflow disturbance in the flow path from the front cavity 111 to the rear cavity 112.

[0161] In some embodiments, such as Figures 19A-19C As shown, the agitator assembly 1910 may include multiple protruding structures located near the edge of the diaphragm 120 and on the inner wall of the housing 110. The protruding structures may be sheet-like, rod-like, block-like, etc. For example, the specific shape of the protruding structure may be cylindrical, rectangular, conical, or other irregular shapes.

[0162] In some embodiments of this specification, a protruding structure is provided on the inner wall of the housing to construct the turbulence component, which can achieve the effects of convenient manufacturing and reduced air leakage.

[0163] In some embodiments, the protrusions are distributed around the diaphragm 120.

[0164] In some embodiments, such as Figure 19B , Figure 19C As shown, the protruding structure can be arc-shaped. For example, the protruding structure can be an arc-shaped rod or an arc-shaped plate. One end of the arc-shaped chord is connected to the inner wall of the housing 110, and the other end of the arc-shaped chord is suspended. The angle between the arc-shaped chord and the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120 is an acute angle.

[0165] In some embodiments, the shapes of the different protrusions may be the same or different. In some embodiments, when the protrusion is arc-shaped, the extension directions of the chords of the arcs of the different protrusions may be the same or different. This is merely an example. Figure 19CAs shown, the extension directions of the arcuate chords of different protrusion structures can be opposite. In some embodiments, when the protrusion structure is arcuate, the angles between the arcuate chords of different protrusion structures and the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120 can be the same or different. As an example only, the angle between the arcuate chords of some protrusion structures and the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120 can be between 30° and 40°, while the angle between the arcuate chords of other protrusion structures and the vibration direction of the diaphragm 120 can be between 60° and 70°.

[0166] In some embodiments of this specification, by setting the protruding structure to an arc shape and setting the angle between the chord of the arc and the inner wall of the housing to an acute angle, it is more conducive to the formation of vortices and effectively prevents air leakage.

[0167] In some embodiments of this specification, by providing a turbulence component, airflow disturbance can be increased in the airflow path (e.g., turbulence can be formed near the sound outlet), reducing airflow between the front and rear chambers and improving the output performance of the speaker.

[0168] Figure 20A This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a loudspeaker including a support member, according to some embodiments of this specification; Figure 20B This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of another loudspeaker including a support member, according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0169] In some embodiments, the speaker 100 further includes a support member 2010. For example... Figure 20A As shown, the vibration transmission unit 140 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 110 via the support member 2010. Figure 20B As shown, the diaphragm 120 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 110 via the support member 2010.

[0170] The support member 2010 is a component used to support or limit the diaphragm 120. In some embodiments, connecting the support member 2010 to the vibration transmission unit 140 or the diaphragm 120 can constrain the vibration of the diaphragm 120 and prevent the diaphragm 120 from tilting away from a preset vibration direction. The preset vibration direction can refer to... Figure 20A , Figure 20B The Z direction in the equation.

[0171] In some embodiments, the support member 2010 is disposed parallel to the diaphragm 120. That is, the support member 2010 may be arranged on a plane parallel to the diaphragm 120. In some embodiments, the support member 2010 may be a metal, a semiconductor material, an FPC, or other polymer material.

[0172] In some embodiments of this specification, by providing a support member to support or limit the diaphragm, it is possible to prevent the diaphragm from flipping during vibration (i.e., the vibration direction deviates from the preset vibration direction) and affecting the sound output effect.

[0173] In some embodiments, the support member 2010 includes a plurality of support rods 2011, one end of each support rod 2011 being connected to the vibration transmission unit 140 or the diaphragm 120, and the other end of each support rod 2011 being connected to the inner wall of the housing 110. The support rods 2011 can be straight or curved. The shapes of the plurality of support rods 2011 can be the same or different, and the lengths of the plurality of support rods 2011 can be the same or different. In some embodiments, the plurality of support rods 2011 can be evenly distributed along the circumference of the diaphragm 120. As an example only, the plurality of support rods 2011 have the same length and are equally spaced along the circumference of the diaphragm 120.

[0174] Figure 21 This is an exemplary structural schematic diagram of a support ring according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0175] In some embodiments, the support member 2010 may include a support ring 2110, the inner ring of which is connected to the vibration transmission unit 140 or the diaphragm 120, and the outer ring of which is connected to the inner wall of the housing. One or more hollow areas are provided between the inner and outer rings. In some embodiments, when multiple hollow areas are provided between the inner and outer rings, the shapes of the multiple spaced areas may be the same or different, and the areas of the multiple spaced areas may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the multiple hollow areas may be evenly distributed along the circumference of the support ring 2110. As an example only, multiple hollow areas of the same shape may be arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the support ring 2110 between the inner and outer rings.

[0176] In some embodiments of this specification, by designing a support member including a support rod or a support member containing a hollow area, the flipping of the diaphragm during vibration can be reduced while minimizing the obstruction to the diaphragm vibration, thus avoiding the diaphragm flipping from affecting the sound output effect.

[0177] Figure 22 This is another internal structure diagram of a loudspeaker according to some embodiments shown in this specification; Figure 23 This is an exemplary structural diagram of the support structure shown in some embodiments of this specification.

[0178] Some embodiments of this specification also provide a loudspeaker 2200, including a housing 2210, a diaphragm 2220, and a driver unit 2230.

[0179] Housing 2210 refers to the structure that carries and protects the remaining components of speaker 2200 (such as diaphragm 2220 and drive unit 2230). In some embodiments, housing 2210 has an internal cavity. The description of housing 2210 is similar to that of housing 110; for more information, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1A , Figure 1B Related explanations.

[0180] The diaphragm 2220 refers to a membrane structure that generates sound through vibration. In some embodiments, the diaphragm 2220 is disposed in an inner cavity and is connected to the housing 2210 via a support structure 2310. In some embodiments, a first gap 2250 is formed between the edge of the diaphragm 2220 and the inner wall of the housing 2210. The remaining features of the diaphragm 2220 are similar to those of the diaphragm 120; further details can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 14C , Figure 15 The relevant explanations are as follows. The characteristics of the first gap 2250 are similar to those of the first gap 150; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5A , Figure 5B and Figure 6 The relevant explanations are in the text.

[0181] The support structure 2310 is a component used to support or limit the diaphragm 2220.

[0182] In some embodiments, the support structure 2310 can be disposed between the housing 2210 and the diaphragm 2220, i.e., at the location of the first gap 2250, connecting the support structure 2310 and the diaphragm 2220. This supports the diaphragm 2220 and constrains its vibration, preventing the diaphragm 2220 from tilting away from a preset vibration direction. The preset vibration direction can refer to... Figure 22 The Z-direction. For the specific structure and shape of the support structure 2310, please refer to the following text. Figure 23 Related explanations.

[0183] The driving unit 2230 serves as the driving end of the loudspeaker 2200, providing driving force to the loudspeaker 2200 by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. In some embodiments, the driving unit 2230 can drive the diaphragm 2220 to vibrate. In some embodiments, the driving unit 2230 includes a magnetic circuit assembly and a voice coil 2232, the voice coil 2232 being located in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic circuit assembly and connected to the diaphragm 2220. The magnetic circuit assembly includes a magnet 2233 and a magnetic conductor 2231, with a magnetic gap forming between the magnet 2233 and the magnetic conductor 2231 to accommodate a portion of the structure of the voice coil 2232.

[0184] In some embodiments, the support structure 2310 is provided with a perforation that allows air to flow between the two sides of the diaphragm 2220 in the direction of vibration, so as to allow the magnetic circuit assembly to drive the voice coil 2232 to move and cause the diaphragm 2220 to slide relative to the inner wall of the housing. In some embodiments, the support structure 2310 may include annular and / or rod-shaped structures. For example, the support structure 2310 may be annular, with a perforated area between the inner and outer rings to ensure gas flow between the two sides of the diaphragm 2220. For example, as... Figure 23 As shown, the support structure 2310 includes a rod-shaped structure, and the gaps between different rods form pores to ensure the flow of gas on both sides of the diaphragm 2220.

[0185] For example, when the support structure 2310 is annular, the inner ring of the support structure 2310 is connected to the diaphragm 2220, and the outer ring of the support structure 2310 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 2210. One or more hollow areas are present between the inner and outer rings. To facilitate the formation of a first gap between the edge of the diaphragm 2220 and the inner wall of the housing 2210, the inner and outer rings of the annular support structure 2310 can be located on different sections perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 2220. In this case, the first gap is formed between the inner ring of the annular support structure 2310 and the inner wall of the housing 2210. In some embodiments, when multiple hollow areas are provided between the inner and outer rings of the support structure 2310, the shapes of the multiple spaced areas can be the same or different, and the areas of the multiple spaced areas can be the same or different. In some embodiments, the multiple hollow areas can be evenly distributed along the circumference of the support structure 2310. As an example only, multiple hollow areas of the same shape can be arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the support structure 2310 between the inner and outer rings.

[0186] For example, the support structure 2310 may include a rod-like structure, such as multiple support rods, which may be straight or curved. In some embodiments, when the support structure 2310 includes multiple support rods, one end of each support rod is connected to the diaphragm 2220, and the other end of each support rod is directly connected to the inner wall of the housing 2210, or the other end of each support rod is first connected to an annular structure, and then the annular structure is connected to the inner wall of the housing. The support rods may be straight or curved. The shapes of the multiple support rods may be the same or different, and the lengths of the multiple support rods may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the multiple support rods may be evenly distributed along the circumference of the diaphragm 2220. As an example only, the multiple support rods are of the same length and are evenly spaced along the circumference of the diaphragm 2220.

[0187] When the support structure 2310 includes support rods, the area between two adjacent support rods can be regarded as a pore or as the first gap 2250. When the support structure 2310 is annular, the hollow area can be regarded as a pore, and the gap between the edge of the diaphragm 2220 and the housing 2210 can be regarded as the first gap 2250.

[0188] In some embodiments, the diaphragm 2220 and the support structure 2310 may be an integrally formed diaphragm structure. The edge region of the diaphragm structure near the inner wall of the housing may have a hollowed-out area or a recessed area similar to that of the support structure 2310.

[0189] In some embodiments of this specification, by designing a support structure to support the diaphragm, a near-piston effect can be achieved when the diaphragm vibrates, thereby improving the output performance of the speaker.

[0190] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the detailed disclosure above is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this specification. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this specification. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this specification and therefore remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0191] Furthermore, this specification uses specific terms to describe embodiments thereof. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of this specification. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that references to "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" in different locations throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of this specification can be appropriately combined.

[0192] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the description disclosed herein and thus aid in the understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention, the foregoing description of embodiments in this specification may sometimes combine multiple features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this method of disclosure does not imply that the subject matter of this specification requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments contain fewer features than all the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.

[0193] In some embodiments, numbers describing the quantity of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of embodiments are modified in some examples with the terms "approximately," "approximately," or "generally." Unless otherwise stated, "approximately," "approximately," or "generally" indicates that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximate values, which may be changed depending on the characteristics required by individual embodiments. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should take into account specified significant digits and employ a general method of digit reservation. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to confirm their breadth of range in some embodiments of this specification are approximate values, in specific embodiments, such values ​​are set as precisely as feasible.

[0194] For each patent, patent application, patent application publication, and other material, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, and documents, referenced in this specification, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. This excludes historical application documents that are inconsistent with or conflict with the content of this specification, as well as documents that limit the broadest scope of the claims in this specification (currently or subsequently appended to this specification). It should be noted that in the event of any inconsistency or conflict between the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in the supplementary materials to this specification and the content of this specification, the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in this specification shall prevail.

[0195] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments described herein. Other variations may also fall within the scope of this specification. Therefore, alternative configurations of the embodiments described herein are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting, and are considered consistent with the teachings of this specification. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are not limited to those explicitly introduced and described herein.

Claims

1. A loudspeaker, characterized in that, include: A housing having an internal cavity; A diaphragm is disposed within the inner cavity; The driving unit drives the diaphragm to vibrate; A vibration transmission unit, wherein the vibration transmission unit is drivingly connected to the diaphragm and the drive unit; The diaphragm has a first gap between its edge and the inner wall of the housing to allow the diaphragm to slide relative to the inner wall of the housing.

2. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, In a cross section perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm, the width of the first gap is less than or equal to 50 μm.

3. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, A portion of the edge of the drive unit is connected to the inner wall of the housing, and a second gap exists between another portion of the edge of the drive unit and the housing.

4. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, In a cross section perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm, the width of the second gap is less than or equal to 100 μm.

5. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The drive unit includes multiple drive beams, each drive beam having a fixed end and a free end, the fixed end being connected to the housing; The drive unit also includes a reinforcing layer, and the free end of the drive beam is connected to the vibration transmission unit through the reinforcing layer; Each of the drive beams includes a piezoelectric layer, which is stacked with the reinforcing layer along the vibration direction of the diaphragm; the reinforcing layer includes a first connection region covered by the piezoelectric layer and a second connection region not covered by the piezoelectric layer, the second connection region connecting to the vibration transmission unit.

6. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, In the direction from the fixed end to the free end, the length of the second connecting region is greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 0.7 mm; and / or In the direction from the fixed end to the free end, the ratio of the length of the second connecting region to the length of the drive beam is greater than 0 and less than 25%.

7. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The Young's modulus of the reinforcing layer is 1E8Pa-1E10Pa.

8. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration transmission unit includes multiple sub-transmission structures, which are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm.

9. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The loudspeaker also includes an auxiliary driving structure, which is disposed on the housing or located in the inner cavity. The auxiliary driving structure is located on the side of the diaphragm away from the driving unit, and a cavity is formed between the auxiliary driving structure and the diaphragm. The auxiliary driving structure is capable of deformation.

10. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The auxiliary driving structure moves closer to or away from the driving unit synchronously with the diaphragm. The auxiliary drive structure includes multiple piezoelectric beams, which are arranged around the inner wall of the housing. One end of each piezoelectric beam is connected to the housing, and the other end is suspended. Alternatively, the auxiliary drive structure includes a piezoelectric ring, with the outer ring of the piezoelectric ring connected to the housing and the inner ring suspended.

11. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The projection of the auxiliary drive structure along the vibration direction of the diaphragm covers the first gap.

12. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, In the inner cavity, a turbulence component is provided on the flow path of the gas flowing between the side of the diaphragm facing the drive unit and the side of the diaphragm away from the drive unit.

13. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The turbulence assembly includes multiple protrusions located outside the edge of the diaphragm and on the inner wall of the housing.

14. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that, The protruding structures are distributed around the diaphragm.

15. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that, The protruding structure is arc-shaped, with one end of the arc-shaped chord extending in the direction of its extension connected to the inner wall of the shell, and the other end of the arc-shaped chord extending in the direction of its extension suspended in the air. The angle between the arc-shaped chord and the vibration direction of the diaphragm is an acute angle.

16. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The loudspeaker also includes a support member, and the vibration transmission unit or the diaphragm is connected to the inner wall of the housing through the support member.

17. The loudspeaker as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, The support member includes multiple support rods, one end of each support rod being connected to the vibration transmission unit or the diaphragm, and the other end of each support rod being connected to the inner wall of the housing; or, The support member includes a support ring, the inner ring of which is connected to the vibration transmission unit or the diaphragm, and the outer ring of which is connected to the inner wall of the housing. There is one or more hollow areas between the inner ring and the outer ring.

18. A loudspeaker, characterized in that, include: A housing having an internal cavity; A diaphragm is disposed in the inner cavity, and the diaphragm is connected to the inner wall of the housing through a support structure; A driving unit drives the diaphragm to vibrate. The driving unit includes a magnet and a voice coil. The voice coil is located in the magnetic field of the magnet and is connected to the diaphragm. The diaphragm has a first gap between its edge and the inner wall of the housing, and the support structure has a hole that allows air to flow between the two sides of the diaphragm in the direction of vibration, so that the magnet drives the voice coil to move and cause the diaphragm to slide relative to the inner wall of the housing.

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