Attitude-adjusting filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precision seed-metering device and seed-metering method

Abstract

The invention relates to a posture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precision seed-metering device and a seed-metering method, and belongs to the technical field of harvesting equipment in agricultural machinery, the posture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precision seed-metering device comprises a rear shell, a bearing, a seed-metering disc, a flow guide turbine, a transmission shaft, a seed protection plate, a hole insert, a layered annular partition plate and a front shell; the seed metering disc comprises a posture adjusting groove; the layered annular partition plate comprises sieve holes. According to the seed-metering device, single-grain ordered seed metering of corn seeds is achieved through the centrifugal effect, population layering and posture adjustment are achieved through the synergistic effect of a flow guide turbine and a layered annular partition plate, seeds are filled in the thickness direction by combining the cooperation of a posture adjusting groove and screen holes, and the problems that due to the fact that the shapes of the corn seeds are irregular, inter-seed resistance is large, seed filling time is short, and seed filling efficiency is high are solved. And invalid seed filling such as seed blocking and blockage of the seed metering device in high-speed operation is easy to occur. Compared with a pneumatic high-speed seed-metering device, the structure of the seed-metering device is simplified under the condition of ensuring high-speed precise seed metering, and meanwhile, the operation energy consumption is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for corn with adjustable posture and filling mechanism, and a seed metering method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, corn has become the most widely planted grain crop in my country. To meet the requirements of high precision, high efficiency, and high density in mechanized corn planting, high-speed precision seeding has become the main development direction for corn planting equipment. As the core component of a corn planter, the high-speed precision seed metering device directly determines the planting quality.

[0003] Currently, precision seed meters for maize mainly consist of mechanical and pneumatic types. Pneumatic seed meters offer advantages such as high precision, versatility, and high speed and efficiency; however, they require high air pressure during high-speed operation, and unstable air pressure can easily lead to missed sowing. High speed also results in high energy consumption. Mechanical seed meters, on the other hand, have a simple structure, low cost, and are easy to maintain, but are difficult to apply to high-speed operations. Centrifugal seed meters use a high-speed rotating perforated insert to drive the seeds in a high-speed rotational motion, utilizing the centrifugal force generated by the seeds to achieve seed carrying, clearing, and dispensing, thus solving the problem of mechanical seed meters being unsuitable for low-speed operation scenarios. However, during the seed filling process, the irregular shape of maize seeds, high inter-seed resistance, and short filling time can cause seed jamming and blockage during high-speed operation, resulting in serious missed sowing and failing to meet the requirements of high-speed precision seeding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problem solved: In view of the problem that existing centrifugal seed metering devices cannot meet the requirements of high-speed precision seeding, this invention proposes an adjustable-position centrifugal corn high-speed precision seed metering device and seeding method, which can achieve accurate and effective seeding of centrifugal seed metering devices under high-speed operation.

[0005] Technical solution: The first objective of this invention is to provide a centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for corn with adjustable posture and filling, including a rear shell, a front shell, bearings, a seed metering disc, a guide turbine, a drive shaft, a seed protection plate, a perforated insert, and a layered annular partition.

[0006] The rear housing is connected to the front housing and forms an internal cavity;

[0007] The drive shaft is rotatably supported on the rear housing via the bearing;

[0008] The seed metering disc and the guide turbine are fixedly mounted on the drive shaft from back to front and are located in the cavity; the circumferential edge of the seed metering disc is provided with a shaped hole groove for installing the shaped hole plug, and the shaped hole plug is used to receive seeds;

[0009] The seed protection plate is fixedly installed between the rear shell and the front shell, and is located on the radial outer edge of the seed dispensing tray. The seed protection plate is circular and divided into three arc segments, which are arranged in a stepped manner from high to low: the seed filling-carrying segment seed protection plate, the seed cleaning segment seed protection plate, and the seed dispensing segment seed protection plate. The seed filling-carrying segment seed protection plate corresponds to the seed filling area and its height is higher than the hole insert. The seed cleaning segment seed protection plate corresponds to the seed cleaning area and its height is level with the height of the seeds in the hole insert. The seed dispensing segment seed protection plate corresponds to the seed dispensing area and its height is not higher than the bottom of the hole insert.

[0010] On the seed metering disc facing the front housing, on the radial outer side of the guide turbine, there are multiple attitude adjustment grooves evenly distributed circumferentially, used to adjust the corn's attitude so that it lies flat.

[0011] The layered annular partition is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the front housing facing the chamber and is located radially outside the distribution area of ​​the attitude adjustment slot. The layered annular partition has multiple sieve holes for screening seeds that pass through the flat posture, i.e., the thickness direction.

[0012] The front shell includes a cover, a feeding port, a return pipe, and a seed inlet. The return pipe includes a return pipe inlet, a return section, and a return pipe outlet. The return pipe inlet is tangent to the end face of the inner surface of the cover. The return pipe outlet is located at the lower edge of the inner surface of the cover and above the inner arc surface of the layered annular partition. The return section is located on the outer side of the cover. The feeding port is located in the middle of the cover, and the seed inlet is located below the seed inlet section of the seed protection plate.

[0013] Preferably, the guide turbine is fixedly attached to the central region of the seed metering disc facing the front housing; the attitude adjustment groove is distributed on the seed metering disc surface in an annular region corresponding to the outer edge of the guide turbine.

[0014] Preferably, the guide turbine includes a turbine body and guide turbine teeth disposed on its outer side. The guide turbine teeth have an arc-shaped structure, including an inner arc surface of the guide turbine teeth facing the center and an outer arc surface of the guide turbine teeth opposite to it. During operation, the guide turbine rotates along the direction of the outer arc surface of the guide turbine teeth.

[0015] Preferably, the layered annular partition includes an inner arc surface facing the center of the cavity and an annular end inclined surface connected to the upper side of the inner arc surface, the annular end inclined surface being fixedly connected to the inner surface of the front housing; the inclination angle of the annular end inclined surface is 60°, which facilitates the seeds to slide onto the inner arc surface of the layered annular partition, and the radius of curvature of the inner arc surface is 68 mm.

[0016] Preferably, the sieve holes are evenly distributed on the arc segment of the seed filling-carrying section of the seed protection plate corresponding to the seed filling area of ​​the layered annular partition.

[0017] Furthermore, the layered annular partition has 9 sieve holes, which are distributed at equal intervals of 14° within the interval corresponding to the seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate, and the sieve holes are elliptical.

[0018] Preferably, the bottom of the hole in the hole insert is a "T" shaped structure, and the hole groove is a "T" shaped groove.

[0019] Preferably, the hole insert includes a rear end face and front end faces on both sides thereon, the inclination angle of the front end face is 30°, and the inclination angle of the rear end face is 50°.

[0020] Preferably, the opening angle of the central angle corresponding to the seed-feeding section seed-protecting plate is 56°, and the opening angle of the central angle corresponding to the seed-cleaning section seed-protecting plate is 87°.

[0021] Preferably, the inlet of the return pipe is tangent to the end face of the inner surface of the casing, and its radius of curvature is 80 mm; the feed port is slightly higher than the outlet of the return pipe.

[0022] Preferably, the rear housing is provided with a first mounting groove and a second mounting groove, and the front housing is provided with a first mounting groove and a third mounting groove. The seed protection plate is fixed by seed protection plate fixing boss I and seed protection plate fixing boss II respectively engaging with the corresponding first mounting groove and second mounting groove on the rear housing, and the corresponding first mounting groove and third mounting groove on the front housing.

[0023] The second objective of this invention is to provide a seed metering method for a centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling characteristics, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Step 1, Seed Filling and Orientation Adjustment: The external drive unit drives the transmission shaft to rotate the seed metering disc and the guide turbine synchronously at high speed (150 rpm). The corn seeds enter the bottom of the chamber from the feeding port. After being disturbed by the guide turbine, they move outward under the action of centrifugal force and form a ring-shaped seed flow inside the layered annular partition. When the seed flow passes through the orientation adjustment groove on the seed metering disc, its orientation is adjusted to a flat position. Then it moves to the sieve holes on the layered annular partition. The seeds in the thickness direction pass through the sieve holes and enter the outer seed filling channel between the seed metering disc and the layered annular partition. Under the action of centrifugal force, they are filled into the rotating perforated insert.

[0025] Step 2, Seed Cleaning: The seed-carrying inserts carrying seeds enter the seed cleaning area under the constraint of the seed-filling section of the seed-protecting plate; at the seed cleaning section of the seed-protecting plate, excess seeds in the seed holes are thrown out by centrifugal force and flow back to the bottom of the chamber after being guided by the return pipe of the front shell to participate in the filling again; after seed cleaning, each seed hole insert retains a single seed.

[0026] Step 3, Sowing: The seed-shaped insert rotates to the sowing area. At the end of the seed-protecting plate in the sowing section, the seeds are released from the seed-shaped hole under centrifugal force and discharged through the seed-sowing port, completing single-seed precision sowing.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize proposed in this invention uses a combined structure of a guide turbine and a layered annular partition. The turbine teeth disturb the population, and the layered annular partition causes the population to be layered, reducing inter-species resistance. At the same time, it can effectively control the seed filling rate and avoid the accumulation of seeds near the shaped hole insert.

[0029] (2) The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for corn proposed in this invention uses the adjustment groove and the sieve hole to make the seeds pass through the sieve hole in the thickness direction, adjust the seed filling posture, avoid the phenomenon of seed jamming and seed bridging, and realize the precise and effective seed filling of the seed metering device under high-speed operation conditions.

[0030] (3) The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for corn proposed in this invention has an optimized design of the hole insert, which ensures the qualification index of the seed metering device operation.

[0031] (4) The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for corn proposed in this invention has an optimized design of the return pipe of the front shell, which improves the return speed of the seeds and avoids the accumulation of the cleared seeds in the return pipe.

[0032] (5) The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for corn proposed in this invention is designed with a coaxial synchronous rotation structure of seed metering disc and guide turbine. Combined with the assembly of bearing and transmission shaft, the two can rotate synchronously at high speed. It has the characteristics of compact structure and convenient operation of mechanical seed metering device and high speed, high efficiency and high precision of pneumatic seed metering device. At the same time, it greatly reduces the power consumption during high-speed operation. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the structure of the centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for corn with adjustable posture and filling function of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for corn with posture adjustment and filling promotion of the present invention, wherein (a) is the front view, (b) is the top view, and (c) is the right view;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a right sectional view of the centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for corn with posture adjustment and filling promotion of the present invention. Figure 2 (a) AA direction);

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rear shell structure;

[0037] Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the seeding tray. (a) is the front view, and (b) is the sectional view along the BB direction in (a).

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a guide turbine structure;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drive shaft structure;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the seed protection board structure;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the hole insert structure;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a layered annular partition structure;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the rear shell structure;

[0044] The numbers in the diagram represent the following:

[0045] 1. Rear housing; 101. First mounting hole of the frame; 102. First mounting hole of the rear housing; 103. Center hole of the rear housing; 104. Boss of the center hole of the rear housing; 105. First mounting groove of the rear housing; 106. Second mounting hole of the frame; 107. Third mounting hole of the frame; 108. Second mounting hole of the rear housing; 109. Second mounting groove of the rear housing; 110. Third mounting hole of the rear housing;

[0046] 2. Bearings;

[0047] 3. Seed metering tray; 301. Type-shaped groove; 302. Adjustment groove; 303. First mounting hole of seed metering tray; 304. Center hole of seed metering tray; 305. Second mounting hole of seed metering tray; 306. Third mounting hole of seed metering tray;

[0048] 4. Guide turbine; 401. Guide turbine tooth; 402. Inner arc surface of guide turbine tooth; 403. Center hole of guide turbine; 404. First mounting hole of guide turbine; 405. Boss of guide turbine; 406. Second mounting hole of guide turbine; 407. Third mounting hole of guide turbine; 408. Outer arc surface of guide turbine tooth;

[0049] 5. Drive shaft; 501. Drive shaft front end face; 502. Drive shaft first mounting hole; 503. Drive shaft second mounting hole; 504. Drive shaft third mounting hole; 505. Drive shaft rear end face; 506. Drive shaft first shoulder; 507. Drive shaft second shoulder; 508. Pin hole;

[0050] 6. Seed protection plate; 601. Seed protection plate for the seed feeding section; 602. Seed protection plate fixing boss I; 603. Seed protection plate for the seed filling and carrying section; 604. Seed protection plate fixing boss II; 605. Seed protection plate for the seed cleaning section;

[0051] 7. Hole insert; 701. Rear end face of hole insert; 702. Front end face of hole insert; 703. Bottom surface of hole insert; 704. Lower surface of hole insert; 705. Upper surface of hole insert;

[0052] 8. Layered annular partition; 801. Inner arc surface; 802. Layered annular partition fixing boss; 803. Ring end bevel; 804. Sieve hole;

[0053] 9. Front housing; 901. First mounting groove of front housing; 902. First mounting hole of front housing; 903. End face of front housing; 904. Second mounting groove of front housing; 905. Feeding port; 906. Third mounting groove of front housing; 907. Outlet of return pipe; 908. Second mounting hole of front housing; 909. Seed inlet; 910. Inner surface of front housing; 911. Fourth mounting groove of front housing; 912. Inlet of return pipe; 913. Third mounting hole of front housing. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling function, see [link to documentation]. Figure 1-11 It includes a rear housing 1, a front housing 9, a bearing 2, a seed metering disc 3, a guide turbine 4, a drive shaft 5, a seed protection plate 6, a perforated insert 7, and a layered annular partition 8.

[0057] The rear housing 1 is connected to the front housing 9 and forms an internal cavity. The drive shaft 5 is rotatably supported on the rear housing 1 via the bearing 2.

[0058] The seed metering disc 3 and the guide turbine 4 are fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 5 from back to front and are located in the cavity. The circumferential edge of the seed metering disc 3 is provided with a shaped hole groove 301 for installing the shaped hole insert 7, which is used to receive seeds.

[0059] The seed protection plate 6 is fixedly installed between the rear housing 1 and the front housing 9, and is located on the radial outer edge of the seed dispensing tray 3. The seed protection plate 6 is annular and divided into three arc segments, which are seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate 603, seed cleaning section seed protection plate 605 and seed placement section seed protection plate 601 arranged in a stepped manner from high to low. The seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate 603 corresponds to the seed filling area and its height is higher than the hole insert 7. The seed cleaning section seed protection plate 605 corresponds to the seed cleaning area and its height is flush with the upper surface 705 of the hole insert. The seed placement section seed protection plate 601 corresponds to the seed placement area and its height is not higher than the bottom of the hole insert 7.

[0060] On the disc surface of the seeding disc 3 facing the front housing 9 and on the radial outer side of the guide turbine 4, there are multiple attitude adjustment grooves 302 evenly distributed circumferentially to adjust the corn's attitude so that it becomes a flat position.

[0061] The layered annular partition 8 is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the front housing 9 facing the chamber, and is located radially outside the distribution area of ​​the attitude adjustment groove 302. The layered annular partition 8 has a plurality of sieve holes 804 for screening seeds that pass through in a flat posture, i.e., in the thickness direction.

[0062] The front housing 9 includes a cover, a feeding port 905, a return pipe, and a seed inlet 909. The return pipe includes a return pipe inlet 912, a return section, and a return pipe outlet 907. The return pipe inlet 912 is tangent to the end face of the inner surface of the cover. The return pipe outlet 907 is located at the lower edge of the inner surface of the cover and above the inner arc surface 801 of the layered annular partition 8. The return section is located on the outer side of the cover. The feeding port 905 is located in the middle of the cover, and the seed inlet 909 is located below the seed inlet section of the seed protection plate 601 in the seed protection plate 6.

[0063] The second objective of this invention is to provide a seed metering method for a centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling characteristics, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Step 1, Seed Filling and Orientation Adjustment: The external drive device drives the transmission shaft 5 to rotate the seed metering disc 3 and the guide turbine 4 synchronously at high speed (above 150 rpm). The corn seeds enter the bottom of the chamber from the feeding port 905. After being disturbed by the guide turbine 4, they move outward under the action of centrifugal force and form an annular seed flow inside the layered annular partition 8. When the seed flow passes through the orientation adjustment groove 302 on the seed metering disc 3, its orientation is adjusted to a flat position. Then it moves to the sieve hole 804 on the layered annular partition 8. The seeds in the thickness direction enter the outer seed filling channel between the seed metering disc 3 and the layered annular partition 8 through the sieve hole 804, and are filled into the rotating perforated insert 7 under the action of centrifugal force.

[0065] Step 2, Seed Cleaning: The seed-carrying insert 7, containing seeds, enters the seed cleaning area under the constraint of the seed-carrying section seed protection plate 603 of the seed protection plate 6; at the seed cleaning section seed protection plate 605, excess seeds in the seed holes are thrown out by centrifugal force and flow back to the bottom of the chamber after being guided by the return pipe of the front shell 9 to participate in the filling again; after seed cleaning, each seed-carrying insert 7 retains a single seed;

[0066] Step 3, Sowing: The hole insert 7 is rotated to the sowing area. At the end of the seed protection plate 601 in the sowing section, the seed is released from the hole under the action of centrifugal force and discharged through the sowing port 909, completing the single-seed precision sowing.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Similar to Embodiment 1, the difference is that the guide turbine 4 is fixedly attached to the central area of ​​the seed metering disc 3 facing the front housing 9; the attitude adjustment groove 302 is distributed on the disc surface of the seed metering disc 3 in an annular area corresponding to the outer edge of the guide turbine 4.

[0069] The guide turbine 4 includes a turbine body and guide turbine teeth 401 located on its outer side. The guide turbine teeth 401 have an arc-shaped structure, including an inner arc surface 402 facing the center and an outer arc surface 408 opposite to it. During operation, the guide turbine 4 rotates along the direction of the outer arc surface 408 of the guide turbine teeth.

[0070] The layered annular partition 8 includes an inner arc surface 801 facing the center of the cavity and an annular end inclined surface 803 connected to the upper side of the inner arc surface 801. The annular end inclined surface 803 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the front housing 9. The inclination angle of the annular end inclined surface 803 is 60°, and the radius of curvature of the inner arc surface 801 is 68 mm.

[0071] The sieve holes 804 are evenly distributed on the arc segment of the seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate 603 corresponding to the seed filling area of ​​the layered annular partition 8.

[0072] In this embodiment, the layered annular partition 8 has nine sieve holes 804, which are distributed at equal intervals of 14° within the corresponding section of the seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate 603. The sieve holes 804 are elliptical in shape and are used to allow corn seeds to pass through when they are lying flat.

[0073] The bottom of the hole in the hole insert 7 is a "T" shaped structure, and the hole groove 301 is a "T" shaped groove.

[0074] The hole insert 7 includes a rear end face 701 and front end faces 702 on both sides thereof. The inclination angle of the front end face 702 is 30° and the inclination angle of the rear end face 701 is 50°.

[0075] The opening angle of the central angle corresponding to the seed-feeding section seed protection plate 601 is 56°, and the opening angle of the central angle corresponding to the seed-cleaning section seed protection plate 605 is 87°.

[0076] The inlet 912 of the return pipe is tangent to the end face of the inner surface of the casing, and its radius of curvature is 80 mm. The feed port 905 is slightly higher than the outlet 907 of the return pipe.

[0077] The rear housing 1 is provided with a first mounting groove 105 and a second mounting groove 109, and the front housing 9 is provided with a first mounting groove 901 and a third mounting groove 906. The seed protection plate 6 is fixed by seed protection plate fixing boss I 602 and seed protection plate fixing boss II 604 respectively engaging with the corresponding first mounting groove 105 and second mounting groove 109 on the rear housing 1 and the corresponding first mounting groove 901 and third mounting groove 906 on the front housing 9.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] like Figures 1-3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment discloses a centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for corn with adjustable posture and filling, including a rear housing 1, a bearing 2, a seed metering disc 3, a guide turbine 4, a drive shaft 5, a seed protection plate 6, a perforated insert 7, a layered annular partition 8, and a front housing 9.

[0080] like Figure 4 As shown, the rear housing 1 includes a rear housing body, a first mounting hole 101 on the frame, a first mounting hole 102 on the rear housing, a center hole 103 on the rear housing, a boss 104 on the center hole of the rear housing, a first mounting groove 105 on the rear housing, a second mounting hole 106 on the frame, a third mounting hole 107 on the frame, a second mounting hole 108 on the rear housing, a second mounting groove 109 on the rear housing, and a third mounting hole 110 on the rear housing.

[0081] The rear housing body includes an outer wall and a cylindrical inner cavity surrounding the inner side of the outer wall. The first mounting hole 101, the second mounting hole 106, and the third mounting hole 107 are evenly distributed along the edge of the outer wall, used to fix the entire seed metering device to the seeder frame using bolts. The first mounting hole 102, the second mounting hole 108, and the third mounting hole 110 are evenly distributed in a lug shape along the outer edge of the cylindrical inner cavity, used to connect the front housing 9 using bolts. The first mounting groove 105 and the second mounting groove 109 are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the cylindrical inner cavity, used to install the seed guard plate 6. The central hole 103 and the central hole boss 104 of the rear housing are sequentially located at the center of the rear housing 1. The inner diameter of the central hole boss 104 is larger than the inner diameter of the central hole 103, and the central hole boss 104 does not penetrate the rear housing 1. The bearing 2 is installed inside the central hole boss 104 of the rear housing.

[0082] like Figure 3 As shown, the bearing 2 is mounted on the front surface of the rear housing 1, and the outer ring of the bearing contacts the rear surface of the central hole boss 104 of the rear housing.

[0083] like Figure 7 As shown, the drive shaft 5 passes through the bearing 2, and its first shoulder 506 contacts the inner ring of the bearing 2 for axial positioning. The pin hole 508 at the end of the drive shaft 5 is used to connect an external drive device.

[0084] The seed metering disc 3 is mounted on the front surface of the rear housing 1 via the drive shaft 5, and does not contact the rear housing 1, so as to ensure that the seed metering disc 3 does not come into contact with or rub against the rear housing 1 when rotating at high speed.

[0085] like Figure 5 As shown, the seed metering tray 3 includes 4 shaped hole grooves 301, 24 posture adjustment grooves 302, a first mounting hole 303 for the seed metering tray, a center hole 304 for the seed metering tray, a second mounting hole 305 for the seed metering tray, and a third mounting hole 306 for the seed metering tray.

[0086] A central hole 304 is located at the center of the seed metering disc 3 for concentrically mounting the drive shaft 5, allowing the seed metering disc 3 to rotate with the drive shaft. The first mounting hole 303, the second mounting hole 305, and the third mounting hole 306 are evenly distributed on the surface of the seed metering disc 1 and along the outer edge of the central hole 304, for mounting the guide turbine 4 via bolts. Four slotted holes 301 and 24 attitude adjustment slots 302 are formed on the inner surface of the seed metering disc 3 facing the front housing 9. The 24 attitude adjustment slots 302 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner surface of the seed metering disc 3 (radially outward from the guide turbine 4). Each attitude adjustment slot is a parallelogram with a side length of 12 mm. The interior angles of two adjacent sides of the parallelogram are 53°, the corner radius is 2 mm, and the slot depth is 3.48 mm, to adjust the posture of the corn, causing the vertical corn seeds to lie flat. Four slots 301 are evenly spaced along the circumferential edge of the inner surface of the seed metering disc 3 for installing the slot insert 7. The slots 301 are T-shaped slots, and the slot insert 7 is a T-shaped insert.

[0087] like Figure 6 As shown, the guide turbine 4 includes a turbine body, eight guide turbine teeth 401, a guide turbine center hole 403, a guide turbine first mounting hole 404, a guide turbine boss 405, a guide turbine second mounting hole 406, and a guide turbine third mounting hole 407. Each guide turbine tooth 401 has an arc-shaped structure, including an inner arc surface 402 (the side facing the center) with a radius of curvature of 19.95 mm and an outer arc surface 408 with a radius of curvature of 20.05 mm.

[0088] A central hole 403 for the guide turbine is located at the center of the guide turbine 4, and the guide turbine 4 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 5 through the central hole 403. The guide turbine 4 is fixedly attached to the inner surface of the seed metering disc 3. The first mounting hole 404, the second mounting hole 406, and the third mounting hole 407 of the guide turbine are evenly distributed circumferentially on the guide turbine 4 and along the outer edge of the central hole 403. Their positions correspond to the first mounting hole 303, the second mounting hole 305, and the third mounting hole 306 of the seed metering disc, and they are bolted together with the mounting holes on the end face of the drive shaft to ensure the synchronous rotation of the drive shaft 5, the guide turbine 4, and the seed metering disc 3. A guide turbine boss 405 is located on the outer periphery of the turbine body, and eight guide turbine teeth 401 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the guide turbine boss 405. Furthermore, the outer edge of the guide turbine tooth 401 contacts the bottom of the attitude adjustment slot 302, and during operation, the outer arc surface 408 of the guide turbine tooth contacts and disturbs the population.

[0089] The rear surface of the guide turbine 4 coincides with the front surface of the seed metering disc 3, and the guide turbine 4 is in direct contact with the seed metering disc 3; the center hole 403 of the guide turbine is concentrically installed with the drive shaft 5, and the front surface of the guide turbine 4 (the inner ring of the guide turbine boss 405) is fitted with the rear end face 505 of the drive shaft, so that the guide turbine 4 rotates together with the drive shaft 5 and the seed metering disc 3.

[0090] like Figure 7 As shown, the drive shaft 5 includes a drive shaft end face, a first drive shaft mounting hole 502, a second drive shaft mounting hole 503, a third drive shaft mounting hole 504, a first drive shaft shoulder 506, a second drive shaft shoulder 507, a pin hole 508, and a connecting shaft body. The drive shaft end face (including the drive shaft front end face 501 and the drive shaft rear end face 505), the first drive shaft shoulder 506, the second drive shaft shoulder 507, and the connecting shaft body are arranged sequentially from front to back. The first drive shaft mounting hole 502, the second drive shaft mounting hole 503, and the third drive shaft mounting hole 504 are located on the drive shaft end face, corresponding to the positions of the first guide turbine mounting hole 404, the second guide turbine mounting hole 406, and the third guide turbine mounting hole 407, respectively.

[0091] The front end face 501 of the drive shaft is flush with the surface of the guide turbine boss 405. The first shoulder 506 of the drive shaft contacts the inner ring of the bearing 2 and maintains a certain distance (2 mm in this embodiment) from the rear housing 1 to ensure that the seed metering disc 3 does not come into contact with or rub against the rear housing 1 when rotating at high speed. The drive shaft 5 is connected to the seed metering disc 3 and the guide turbine 4 by bolts. Driven by an external drive device, it drives the seed metering disc 3 and the guide turbine 4 to rotate at high speed while rotating at high speed.

[0092] like Figure 8As shown, the seed protection plate 6 is fixedly installed between the rear housing 1 and the front housing, and is located radially outside the seed dispensing tray 3. The seed protection plate 6 is annular and divided into three arc segments, which are arranged in a stepped manner from high to low: the seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate 603, the seed cleaning section seed protection plate 605, and the seed placement section seed protection plate 601. The seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate 603 corresponds to the seed filling area and has a height of 15 mm, which is higher than the hole insert 7. The seed cleaning section seed protection plate 605 corresponds to the seed cleaning area and has a height of 7 mm, which is flush with the upper surface 705 of the hole insert. The seed placement section seed protection plate 601 corresponds to the seed placement area and has a height of 2 mm, which is flush with the bottom of the hole insert 7. The seed protection plate 6 also includes a seed protection plate fixing boss I 602 and a seed protection plate fixing boss II 604 located on the outer edge. The seed protection plate 6 is fixed by the seed protection plate fixing boss I 602 and the seed protection plate fixing boss II 604 respectively cooperating with the first mounting groove 105 and the second mounting groove 109 of the rear housing, and the corresponding first mounting groove 901 and the third mounting groove 906 of the front housing 9.

[0093] As a further preferred embodiment, the central angle opening of the seed-feeding section seed protection plate 601 is 56°, and the central angle opening of the seed-cleaning section seed protection plate 605 is 87°.

[0094] The perforated insert 7 is used to receive seeds, and each perforated insert 7 contains one seed. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the perforated insert 7 includes a rear end face 701, two front end faces 702, a bottom face 703, a lower surface 704, and an upper surface 705. The bottom face 703 is located above the lower surface 704, and its area is smaller than that of the lower surface 704. The rear end face 701 and the two front end faces 702 surround the bottom face 703, forming a groove with an open end. The open end of the perforated insert 7 is close to the inner side of the seed protection plate 6.

[0095] The front face 702 of the perforated insert has an inclination angle of 30° to facilitate seed introduction. The rear face 701 of the perforated insert has an inclination angle of 50° to help limit seed placement. The lower surface 704 of the perforated insert is fitted with the perforated groove 301 of the seed metering tray 3, and the seed metering tray 3 drives the four perforated inserts 7 to rotate.

[0096] Furthermore, the height of the front face of one of the hole inserts is higher than the height of the front face of the other hole insert, and the height of the front face of the other hole insert is flush with the height of the rear face 701 of the hole insert, so as to better support the seed cluster.

[0097] The layered annular partition 8 is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the front housing 9 facing the chamber, and is located radially outside the distribution area of ​​the attitude adjustment slots 302. The layered annular partition 8 has multiple sieve holes 804 for screening and passing seeds through in the thickness direction.

[0098] like Figure 10 As shown, the layered annular partition 8 includes an inner arc surface 801 facing the center of the cavity, an annular end inclined surface 803 connected to the upper side of the inner arc surface 801, and a layered annular partition fixing boss 802 located on the outer edge of the annular end inclined surface 803. The annular end inclined surface 803 is fixedly installed in the second mounting groove 904 and the fourth mounting groove 911 of the front housing 9 inside the front housing 9 through the layered annular partition fixing boss 802. Nine sieve holes 804 are evenly opened on the arc segment of the inner arc surface 801 corresponding to the seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate 603. The nine sieve holes 804 are distributed at equal intervals of 14° within the corresponding interval of the seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate 603. The shape of the sieve holes 804 is elliptical, with a major axis length of 15 mm and a minor axis length of 8 mm, used to screen and pass seeds in the thickness direction.

[0099] The inner arc surface 801 has a radius of curvature of 68 mm, and the inclined angle of the ring end slope 803 is 60°, which facilitates the seeds to slide onto the inner arc surface 801 of the layered annular partition 8.

[0100] The front housing 9 and the rear housing 1 are connected by bolts, together forming the working chamber of the seed metering device.

[0101] like Figure 11 As shown, the front housing 9 includes a housing cover, a first mounting groove 901, a first mounting hole 902, an end face 903, a second mounting groove 904, a feeding port 905, a third mounting groove 906, a return pipe, a second mounting hole 908, a seed inlet 909, an inner surface 910, a fourth mounting groove 911, and a third mounting hole 913. The return pipe includes a return pipe outlet 907, a return section, and a return pipe inlet 912. The return pipe inlet 912 is tangent to the end face of the inner surface of the housing cover. The return pipe outlet 907 is located at the lower edge of the inner surface of the housing cover and above the inner arc surface 801 of the layered annular partition 8. The return section is located on the outer side of the housing cover. The feeding port 905 is located in the middle of the housing cover, and the seed inlet 909 is located below the seed inlet section of the seed protection plate 601. The first mounting hole 902, the third mounting hole 913, and the second mounting hole 908 of the front housing are located on the edge of the housing and are used to connect with the first mounting hole 102, the second mounting hole 108, and the third mounting hole 110 of the rear housing 1 by bolts.

[0102] The second mounting groove 904 and the fourth mounting groove 911 of the front housing are located on the inner side of the housing, corresponding to the position of the fixing boss 802 of the layered annular partition, so as to fix the layered annular partition 8.

[0103] The first mounting groove 901 and the third mounting groove 906 of the front housing are located inside the housing, corresponding to the positions of the seed protection plate fixing boss I 602 and the seed protection plate fixing boss II 604, so as to fix and connect the seed protection plate 6.

[0104] The reflux pipe inlet 912 is integrated into the housing. The reflux portion of the reflux pipe inlet 912 is located outside the seed dispensing chamber. The reflux pipe inlet 912 is tangent to the end face of the inner surface 910 of the front housing for easy seed cleaning. The reflux pipe outlet 907 is located at the lower edge of the inner cavity of the front housing and above the inner arc surface 801 of the layered annular partition 8. The feeding port 905 is slightly higher than the reflux pipe outlet 907 to prevent seeds from accumulating and clogging in the reflux pipe. The end face 903 of the front housing maintains a certain distance (10 mm in this embodiment) from the front end face 501 of the drive shaft to facilitate the smooth falling of material in the feeding port 905. The seed inlet is located below the seed protection plate 601 of the seed inlet section.

[0105] The radius of curvature of the return pipe of the front housing 9 is 80 mm, and half of the return pipe of the front housing is located outside the seed metering chamber.

[0106] The working process of this invention is as follows:

[0107] The seed metering device is driven by an external drive unit (motor) via a transmission shaft 5. Corn seeds enter the bottom of the chamber through the feeding port 905. During the seed filling process, the high-speed rotating guide turbine 4 disturbs the seed population through its guide turbine teeth 401, breaking the seed population's accumulation state. Under the action of centrifugal force, the seeds move outward and, guided by the inclined surface 803 at the ring end of the layered annular partition 8, abut against its inner arc surface 801 to form an annular seed flow.

[0108] As the seed flow rotates with the seed metering disc 3 to the orientation adjustment groove 302 area, the seeds are guided into the orientation adjustment groove 302. The structure of the orientation adjustment groove 302 regulates the orientation of the seeds, making them tend to move with the disc in a flat (i.e., the thickness direction is parallel to the disc surface) posture.

[0109] Since the inner arc surface 801 of the layered annular partition 8 is located outside the attitude adjustment groove 302, the seeds whose attitude has been adjusted (lying flat) move outward through the area of ​​the attitude adjustment groove 302 under the action of centrifugal force, reaching the inner arc surface 801 of the layered annular partition 8. At this time, seeds with suitable attitude (mainly whose thickness direction is roughly consistent with the direction of the sieve holes) can pass through the sieve holes 804, realizing the stratification and attitude adjustment of the population.

[0110] Seeds that have passed through sieve holes 804, having undergone two stages of pretreatment ("orientation adjustment" and "screening"), enter the outer seed filling channel between the seed metering disc 3 and the layered annular partition 8. As the perforated insert 7 rotates through this area with the seed metering disc 3, multiple seeds passing through sieve holes 804 are filled into the perforated insert 7 under centrifugal force, forming seed clusters that press onto the single seed at the effective filling position, achieving filling in the thickness direction. With the support and cooperation of the perforated insert 7 and the seed protection plate 6, the seed carrying is reinforced and stabilized.

[0111] The successfully filled seed-carrying insert 7, constrained by the seed-carrying section seed-protecting plate 603 of the seed-protecting plate 6, carries the seed cluster to the seed-cleaning zone. In the seed-cleaning zone, due to the reduced height of the seed-protecting plate 605, excess seeds in the seed-carrying hole lose their constraint and are thrown out under centrifugal force. The cleaned-out seeds move along the front shell end face 903, are smoothly and quickly guided through the tangential return pipe inlet 912 to the return pipe outlet 907, and fall back to the vicinity of the filling start end at the bottom of the chamber to re-enter the circulation.

[0112] After the seed cleaning process, only one seed is retained in each seed-shaped insert 7. When the seed-shaped insert 7 rotates to the seed-feeding area, at the end of the seed-feeding section seed guard plate 601, the seed is released from the seed-shaped hole under the action of centrifugal force and discharged through the seed-feeding port 909, completing the single-seed precision sowing.

[0113] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling characteristics, characterized in that: It includes a rear housing (1), a front housing (9), a bearing (2), a seed metering disc (3), a guide turbine (4), a drive shaft (5), a seed protection plate (6), a perforated insert (7), and a layered annular partition (8). The rear housing (1) is connected to the front housing (9) and forms an internal cavity; The drive shaft (5) is rotatably supported on the rear housing (1) via the bearing (2); The seed metering disc (3) and the guide turbine (4) are fixedly installed on the drive shaft (5) from back to front and are located in the cavity; the circumferential edge of the seed metering disc (3) is provided with a shaped hole groove (301) for installing the shaped hole plug (7), and the shaped hole plug (7) is used to receive seeds; The seed protection plate (6) is fixedly installed between the rear shell (1) and the front shell (9) and located on the radial outer edge of the seed metering plate (3). The seed protection plate (6) is circular and divided into three arc segments, which are seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate (603), seed cleaning section seed protection plate (605) and seed placement section seed protection plate (601) arranged in a stepped manner from high to low. The seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate (603) corresponds to the seed filling area and its height is higher than the hole insert (7). The seed cleaning section seed protection plate (605) corresponds to the seed cleaning area and its height is level with the height of the seeds in the hole insert (7). The seed placement section seed protection plate (601) corresponds to the seed placement area and its height is not higher than the bottom of the hole insert (7). On the disc surface of the seeding disc (3) facing the front housing (9) and on the radial outer side of the guide turbine (4), there are multiple attitude adjustment grooves (302) evenly distributed in the circumference, which are used to adjust the corn attitude so that it becomes a flat position. The layered annular partition (8) is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the front housing (9) facing the chamber and is located on the outer side of the distribution area of ​​the posture adjustment groove (302) in the radial direction. The layered annular partition (8) is provided with a plurality of sieve holes (804) for screening seeds that pass through the flat posture, i.e., the thickness direction. The front shell (9) includes a shell cover, a feeding port (905), a return pipe and a seed inlet (909). The return pipe includes a return pipe inlet (912), a return section and a return pipe outlet (907). The return pipe inlet (912) is tangent to the end face of the inner surface of the shell cover. The return pipe outlet (907) is located at the lower edge of the inner surface of the shell cover and above the inner arc surface (801) of the layered annular partition (8). The return section is located on the outside of the shell cover. The feeding port (905) is located in the middle of the shell cover. The seed inlet (909) is located below the seed inlet section of the seed protection plate (601) in the seed protection plate (6).

2. The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide turbine (4) is fixedly attached to the central area of ​​the seeding disc (3) facing the front housing (9); the attitude adjustment groove (302) is distributed on the annular area of ​​the seeding disc (3) corresponding to the outer edge of the guide turbine (4).

3. The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide turbine (4) includes a turbine body and a guide turbine tooth (401) located on its outer side. The guide turbine tooth (401) has an arc-shaped structure, including an inner arc surface (402) of the guide turbine tooth facing the center and an outer arc surface (408) of the guide turbine tooth facing the opposite direction. When working, the guide turbine (4) rotates along the direction of the outer arc surface (408) of the guide turbine tooth.

4. The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The layered annular partition (8) includes an inner arc surface (801) facing the center of the cavity and an annular end slope (803) connected to the upper side of the inner arc surface (801). The annular end slope (803) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the front housing (9). The inclination angle of the annular end slope (803) is 60°, and the radius of curvature of the inner arc surface (801) is 68 mm.

5. The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sieve holes (804) are evenly distributed on the arc segment of the seed filling-carrying section of the seed protection plate (603) corresponding to the seed filling area of ​​the layered annular partition (8).

6. The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the hole of the hole insert (7) is a "T" shaped structure, and the hole groove (301) is a "T" shaped groove; the hole insert (7) includes a rear end face (701) of the hole insert and a front end face (702) of the hole insert located on both sides thereon. The inclination angle of the front end face (702) of the hole insert is 30°, and the inclination angle of the rear end face (701) of the hole insert is 50°.

7. The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The opening angle of the central angle corresponding to the seed-feeding section seed protection plate (601) is 56°, and the opening angle of the central angle corresponding to the seed-cleaning section seed protection plate (605) is 87°.

8. The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet (912) of the return pipe is tangent to the end face of the inner surface of the shell, and its radius of curvature is 80 mm; the feed port (905) is slightly higher than the outlet (907) of the return pipe.

9. The centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rear housing (1) is provided with a first mounting groove (105) and a second mounting groove (109), and the front housing (9) is provided with a first mounting groove (901) and a third mounting groove (906). The seed protection plate (6) is fixed by the seed protection plate fixing boss I (602) and the seed protection plate fixing boss II (604) provided thereon, respectively cooperating with the corresponding first mounting groove (105) and second mounting groove (109) on the rear housing (1) and the corresponding first mounting groove (901) and third mounting groove (906) on the front housing (9).

10. The seeding method of the centrifugal high-speed precision seed metering device for maize with adjustable posture and filling as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Step 1, Seed filling and posture adjustment: The external drive device drives the transmission shaft (5) to drive the seed metering disc (3) and the guide turbine (4) to rotate synchronously. The corn seeds enter the bottom of the chamber from the feeding port (905). After being disturbed by the guide turbine (4), they move outward under the action of centrifugal force and form a ring-shaped seed flow inside the layered annular partition (8). When the seed flow passes through the posture adjustment groove (302) on the seed metering disc (3), its posture is adjusted to a flat posture. Then it moves to the sieve hole (804) on the layered annular partition (8). The seeds in the thickness direction pass through the sieve hole (804) and enter the outer seed filling channel between the seed metering disc (3) and the layered annular partition (8). Under the action of centrifugal force, they are filled into the rotating hole insert (7). Step 2, Seed Cleaning: The seed-carrying insert (7) enters the seed cleaning area under the constraint of the seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate (603) of the seed protection plate (6); at the seed cleaning section seed protection plate (605), excess seeds in the seed hole are thrown out by centrifugal force and fall back to the bottom of the chamber to re-fill seeds after being guided by the return pipe of the front shell (9); after seed cleaning, each seed hole insert (7) retains a single seed; Step 3, Sowing: The hole insert (7) is rotated to the sowing area. At the end of the seed protection plate (601) of the sowing section, the seeds are released from the hole under the action of centrifugal force and discharged through the sowing port (909), thus completing the single-seed precision sowing.

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