Multi-stage separation equipment for photovoltaic panel recovery and pyrolysis treatment process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic panel recycling, in particular to multi-stage separation equipment for photovoltaic panel recycling and a pyrolysis treatment technology.The multi-stage separation equipment comprises a screening bin, a screening plate, a dredging roller and a driving assembly, a plurality of discharging ports are formed in one end of the screening bin, the screening plate is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the screening bin, and a plurality of screening holes are formed in the top of the screening plate; according to the multi-stage sorting equipment, in order to dredge the sieve holes and improve the quality of preliminary sorting, the dredging roller and the driving assembly are arranged in the multi-stage sorting equipment, when the driving assembly drives the rotating frames to roll along the bottom of the sieve plate, the dredging roller can dredge the sieve holes, and the dredging roller can dredge the sieve holes to dredge the sieve holes and improve the quality of preliminary sorting. The supporting rods can rotate alternately under the elastic action of the torsional springs, the ejector rods are driven to be inserted into the sieve holes from bottom to top and then pulled away in the reverse direction, the effect of efficiently ejecting out crushed materials clamped in the sieve holes is achieved, and the industrial pain point that an existing horizontal vibrating sieve is not easy to dredge due to material clamping is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panel recycling technology, specifically to a multi-stage sorting device and pyrolysis process for photovoltaic panel recycling. Background Technology

[0002] The pyrolysis process for recycling photovoltaic (PV) panels is the core technology for the resource recovery of waste PV panels. Its core objective is to achieve efficient separation of organic components from valuable inorganic resources within the panels. This process first dismantles and crushes the waste PV panels, removing impurities such as the outer shell from the laminate. The laminate is then placed in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen closed reactor. By precisely controlling the heating temperature, the organic components, such as the EVA film, undergo a pyrolysis reaction, thus achieving complete separation of the organic phase from the inorganic solid phases such as glass, silicon wafers, and metal grid lines. The pyrolysis products can be purified and used as fuel resources, while the solid residue requires subsequent multi-stage sorting processes to further recover valuable metals such as silicon, copper, aluminum, and silver, as well as the glass substrate. This process effectively avoids secondary pollution caused by the incineration of organic components and has a high recovery rate of valuable resources, making it suitable for the large-scale processing needs of waste PV panels.

[0003] After the pyrolysis step is completed, the scrap output from the pyrolysis furnace needs to be initially sorted using multi-stage sorting equipment. Currently, this process is generally achieved using a horizontal vibrating screen. However, the existing horizontal vibrating screen has a significant drawback: it is not convenient for effectively clearing stuck material. The working principle of the horizontal vibrating screen is that its own vibration causes the scrap to move from top to bottom, passing through multiple screen openings of different sizes to achieve grading and separation. Because the scrap from the pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic panels is not only irregular in size and shape but also tends to be sticky, it is very easy to get stuck in screen openings of different sizes. This problem not only significantly reduces sorting efficiency but also prevents some scrap particles that meet the screen opening size from passing through normally, thus affecting the subsequent sorting quality. In addition, the complex size specifications of the scrap require initial screening to divide it into multiple parts, further amplifying the stuck material defect and ultimately causing resource waste and economic losses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage sorting equipment and pyrolysis process for photovoltaic panel recycling, which can clear the sieve holes, thereby improving sorting quality and enterprise benefits.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multi-stage sorting device for photovoltaic panel recycling is provided, including a screening bin with multiple discharge ports at one end, a screen plate, a dredging roller, and a drive assembly. The screen plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screening bin, and multiple screen holes are opened on the top of the screen plate in a horizontal array. The dredging roller includes a pair of rotating frames, multiple support rods, and multiple torsion springs. The rotating frames are located below the screen plate, and the multiple support rods are circumferentially distributed on one side of the rotating frames. The two sides of the support rods pass through the two rotating frames and are rotatably connected to them. Multiple top rods are horizontally spaced at the top of the support rods and are fixedly connected to the support rods. The top rods pass through the screen holes and abut against their inner walls. The end of the top rod near the discharge port is inclined upwards. The rotating frames are rotatably mounted on the screening bin. The torsion springs are sleeved around the support rods, and the two ends of the torsion springs are fixedly connected to the support rods and the rotating frames, respectively. The drive assembly is installed in the screening bin and is used to drive the rotating frames to roll along the bottom of the screen plate.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes a screen, which is located above the screen plate and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screening bin. There are multiple screen plates and multiple unblocking rollers. The top of the screen plate and the top of the screen are flush with the bottom wall of the discharge port. The diameter of the screen holes on the multiple screen plates decreases from top to bottom.

[0007] Preferably, the drive assembly includes multiple rotating shafts, a pair of support plates, a pair of gears, a pair of racks, a first mounting plate, and a first motor. The rotating shafts are coaxially connected to the rotating frame. Long slots for the rotating shafts to pass through are provided on both sides of the screening bin. The rotating shafts pass through the support plates and are rotatably connected to them. The support plates are slidably connected to the screening bin. The two gears are coaxially connected to the two rotating shafts at the top, respectively. The racks are fixedly connected to the screening bin. The tops of the gears mesh with the racks. The first mounting plate is fixedly connected to one of the support plates. The first motor is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate. The first motor is used to drive the rotating shafts at the top to rotate.

[0008] Preferably, the drive assembly further includes a pair of transmission mechanisms, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the screen hopper. Each transmission mechanism includes multiple sprockets, a telescopic rod, and a first spring. The sprockets are coaxially connected to the rotating shaft, and the multiple sprockets are driven by a chain. One end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the support plate, and the telescopic end of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the outer periphery of the rotating shaft in the middle. The first spring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the telescopic rod, and both ends of the first spring are fixedly connected to the support plate and the telescopic end of the rotating shaft telescopic rod, respectively. A fish-eye groove is provided on one side of the support plate for the rotating shaft to pass through.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a leak-proof component, which includes a pair of grid plates, a guide rod, a bidirectional screw, a second mounting plate, and a second motor. The two grid plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the screening bin. The grid plates are inserted into the long groove. The guide rod passes through the screening bin and is fixedly connected to it. The bidirectional screw passes through the screening bin and is rotatably connected to it. The grid plates are slidably connected to the outer periphery of the guide rod. The grid plates are threadedly connected to the outer periphery of the bidirectional screw. The threads on the two grid plates are in opposite directions. The second mounting plate is fixedly connected to the screening bin. The second motor is fixedly connected to the second mounting plate. The second motor is used to drive the bidirectional screw to rotate.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a biaxial vibrator, a base, and multiple second springs. The biaxial vibrator is installed at the bottom of the screen hopper and is used to drive the screen hopper to vibrate. The multiple second springs are located at the four corners of the bottom of the screen hopper, and the two ends of the second springs are fixedly connected to the base and the screen hopper, respectively.

[0011] This invention also provides a pyrolysis process for a multi-stage sorting device for photovoltaic panel recycling, comprising the following steps: S100, by feeding the recycled waste photovoltaic panels into an automatic frame removal machine, the aluminum alloy frame, junction box, and MC4 connector are removed to obtain a frameless photovoltaic panel laminate; S200, the frameless photovoltaic panel laminate is fed into a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, causing the EVA film and backsheet material in the photovoltaic panel laminate to pyrolyze; S300, the high-temperature oil and gas generated in the pyrolysis step is introduced into a cooling system for condensation, separating out liquid fuel oil. The remaining non-condensable gas is returned to the pyrolysis furnace as supplementary fuel for combustion. In S400, the debris generated after the pyrolysis step is introduced into the storage bin for temporary storage. The next batch of waste enters the pyrolysis furnace for decomposition. At the same time, the debris in the storage bin is initially screened by a multi-stage sorting device. In S500, the debris after the initial screening is sorted manually, by air, by color, by AI intelligent sorting and by gravity sorting to finally obtain multiple sorting targets. The multiple sorting targets include glass, copper strips, silicon wafers, and silver powder (adhered to copper and carbon powder).

[0012] Preferably, step S400 specifically includes: S410, screening the crushed material into different layers according to particle size through a screening bin, namely top layer material, first layer material, second layer material, third layer material, and fourth layer material; S420, manually separating the top layer material from the large glass and copper bars / copper balls using a color sorter; S430, placing the first layer material from the first layer material in step S410 into the next-level storage bin after alkaline washing, separating the clean glass and copper bars / copper balls using a color sorter, and placing the remaining intermediate material into the next level. In the storage silo, copper wool and clean glass are obtained through AI intelligent sorting. In step S440, the second layer of material in step S410 is separated into silicon wafers and rice grain glass mixture by air classifier. The rice grain glass mixture is then subjected to two-stage sieving. In step S450, the third layer of material in step S410 is subjected to 80-mesh vibration sorting to obtain silver powder, as well as silicon powder and copper wool mixture. The silicon powder and copper wool mixture is then placed into a 2-ton storage silo for gravity sorting to obtain copper wool and silicon wafers respectively.

[0013] Preferably, step S410 specifically includes: S411, feeding the crushed material from the top of the sieve hopper, generating vibration through a dual-shaft vibrator, and sieving it through a screen and multiple sieve plates to separate the crushed material into layers according to size; S412, stopping the vibration and outputting the pre-screened crushed material from multiple outlets, and then opening the long groove through the anti-leakage component to make the unblocking rollers ready for operation; S413, synchronously driving multiple unblocking rollers to reciprocate along the bottom of the sieve plate through the drive component, and as the unblocking rollers move, their peripheral support rods rotate alternately, and the top rods on the support rods insert into the sieve holes from bottom to top and then pull out in the opposite direction to push out the crushed material stuck in the sieve holes; S414, moving the unblocking rollers to reset them, and then resetting the anti-leakage component to complete the preparation work for subsequent screening.

[0014] Preferably, the two-stage screening process in step S440 includes the following steps: S441, the rice-grain glass mixture is screened into fragments with a radius greater than 20 mesh and less than 3 mm, fragments with a radius less than 20 mesh, and fragments with a radius greater than 3 mm through two-stage screening; S442, the fragments with a radius greater than 3 mm from step S441 are subjected to small air separation to obtain rice-grain glass, silicon wafers, and a mixture of clean glass and copper wool, and then the mixture of clean glass and copper wool is placed in a 3-ton storage tank. The material silo performs AI intelligent sorting to obtain copper wool and clean glass. In step S443, the scrap with a radius of less than 20 mesh from step S441 is separated into fine silicon powder, fine glass and fine copper wool by gravity sorting. The remaining scrap is placed into step S450 for processing. In step S444, the scrap with a radius of more than 20 mesh and less than 3mm from step S441 is placed into a 3-ton storage silo and subjected to multiple gravity sorting to obtain specific gravity tailings (fine glass, fine silicon wafers), specific gravity silicon wafers and copper wool.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention effectively solves the industry pain point of material jamming in existing horizontal vibrating screens by setting up a clearing roller and drive assembly in a multi-stage sorting device. This significantly improves the sorting efficiency and quality of fragments from photovoltaic panel recycling and pyrolysis, reducing resource waste and economic losses. The clearing roller adopts a combined structure of a rotating frame, support rod, top rod, and torsion spring. The top rod is precisely matched to the screen holes and is inclined. When the drive assembly drives the rotating frame to roll along the bottom of the screen plate, the support rod rotates alternately under the elastic action of the torsion spring, driving the top rod to insert into the screen hole from bottom to top and then pull it out in the opposite direction, achieving the effect of efficiently ejecting fragments stuck in the screen holes.

[0016] 2. The drive assembly of this invention, through the coordinated action of a motor, gear rack, sprocket chain, and telescopic rod, can synchronously drive multiple unclogging rollers to reciprocate, achieving simultaneous unclogging of multiple sets of screen plates and improving unclogging efficiency. Furthermore, the fish-eye groove design allows for fine-tuning of the position of the middle unclogging rollers. The cooperation between the telescopic rod and the first spring ensures that the chain maintains tension throughout the transmission process, guaranteeing drive stability. Simultaneously, it absorbs vibration impact during vibrating screening, preventing excessive stress on the chain and subsequent damage.

[0017] 3. The anti-leakage component in this invention effectively solves the problem of material leakage from the long trough during the screening process. The second motor drives the bidirectional screw to rotate, causing the two grid plates to slide in opposite directions along the guide rod, which can quickly open and close the long trough. During screening, the long trough is closed to prevent material leakage, and during unblocking, the long trough is opened to provide working space for the unblocking roller. The operation is convenient and the sealing is good, which further improves the practicality of the equipment.

[0018] 4. The pyrolysis process of this invention, in synergy with multi-stage sorting equipment, forms a complete process of "splitting-pyrolysis-oil and gas recovery-multi-stage screening-fine sorting." The high-temperature oil and gas generated by pyrolysis are condensed and separated into fuel oil, while the non-condensable gas is returned to the pyrolysis furnace for recycling, realizing the resource recovery of organic products and conforming to the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection. The multi-stage sorting equipment, in conjunction with subsequent manual sorting, air sorting, color sorting, and AI intelligent sorting processes, can accurately separate valuable materials such as glass, copper strips, silicon wafers, and silver powder from the fragments, maximizing resource recovery and improving the enterprise's recycling efficiency. Simultaneously, the process employs a storage bin to temporarily store the fragments, enabling the pyrolysis and sorting processes to proceed simultaneously, significantly improving the overall recycling efficiency and adapting to the needs of large-scale industrial production.

[0019] 5. In addition, the overall structure of the equipment of the present invention is reasonably designed, easy to disassemble and assemble, and the components are closely matched, making it easy to maintain in the later stage and capable of long-term stable operation. The pyrolysis process steps are clear and the operation is controllable, without the need for complicated manual intervention. It can effectively avoid secondary pollution caused by the incineration of organic components, and reduce resource waste through precise sorting, taking into account both environmental protection and economy, and promoting the standardization and large-scale development of the photovoltaic panel recycling industry. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0023] Figure 3 This is the three-dimensional structure splitting of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0024] Figure 4 This is the three-dimensional structure splitting of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the sieve bin structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the sieve plate structure of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0027] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the sieve plate structure of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the unclogging roller structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a structural breakdown diagram of the driving component of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 10 This is a structural exploded view of the leak-proof component of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention.

[0032] In the picture: 1. Screening bin; 10. Discharge port; 11. Long trough; 12. Screen plate; 120. Screen holes; 13. Screen mesh; 14. Dual-shaft vibrator; 15. Base; 16. Second spring; 2. Unclogging roller; 20. Rotating frame; 21. Support rod; 22. Top rod; 23. Torsion spring; 3. Drive assembly; 30. Rotating shaft; 31. Support plate; 310. Fish eye groove; 32. Gear; 33. Rack; 34. Transmission mechanism; 340. Sprocket; 341. Telescopic rod; 342. First spring; 35. First mounting plate; 36. First motor; 4. Leak-proof component; 40. Grid plate; 41. Guide rod; 42. Bidirectional screw; 43. Second mounting plate; 44. Second motor. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual images. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0035] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" or similar designation indicating a connection between components should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown: A multi-stage sorting equipment process for photovoltaic panel recycling includes a screening bin 1 with multiple discharge ports 10 at one end, a screen plate 12, a dredging roller 2, and a drive assembly 3. The screen plate 12 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screening bin 1, and has multiple screen holes 120 on its top, arranged in a horizontal array. The dredging roller 2 includes a pair of rotating frames 20, multiple support rods 21, and multiple torsion springs 23. The rotating frames 20 are located below the screen plate 12, and the multiple support rods 21 are arranged circumferentially on one side of the rotating frames 20, with each support rod 21 passing through two torsion springs 23. The rotating frame 20 is rotatably connected to it. Multiple top rods 22 are horizontally spaced at the top of the support rod 21. The top rods 22 are fixedly connected to the support rod 21. The top rods 22 pass through the screen hole 120 and abut against its inner wall. The end of the top rod 22 near the discharge port 10 is inclined upward. The rotating frame 20 is rotatably installed in the screen bin 1. The torsion spring 23 is sleeved on the outside of the support rod 21. The two ends of the torsion spring 23 are fixedly connected to the support rod 21 and the rotating frame 20 respectively. The drive assembly 3 is installed in the screen bin 1. The drive assembly 3 is used to drive the rotating frame 20 to roll along the bottom of the screen plate 12.

[0038] During the initial screening, the crushed material is injected into the screening bin 1 from the top. The screening bin 1 drives the screen plate 12 to vibrate. Due to the inclined arrangement of the screening bin 1, the crushed material jumps forward along the top of the screen plate 12. It is then screened through the screen holes 120 on different screen plates 12, thereby separating the crushed material into different layers according to its size and discharging it from multiple outlets 10, thus completing the initial screening.

[0039] Then, the long groove 11 is opened, activating the drive assembly 3, which drives the unblocking roller 2 to roll forward along the bottom of the screen plate 12 towards the discharge port 10. During the rolling of the unblocking roller 2, multiple support rods 21 roll forward and alternate positions. Because the push rod 22 is tilted upwards towards the top screen hole 120 under the elastic support force of the torsion spring 23, the push rods 22 on the multiple support rods 21 sequentially insert into different screen holes 120 as they roll forward, pushing the stuck material out from bottom to top and then pulling it back down. During this process, the contact between the push rod 22 and the inner wall of the screen hole 120 causes the support rod 21 to rotate and torsion spring 23, and as the rotating frame 20 moves, the push rod 22 is pulled out of the screen hole 120. The support rod 21 rotates back to its original position under the drive of the torsion spring 23, preparing for subsequent unblocking. This achieves continuous upward pushing of the stuck material in the screen hole 120 along the screen plate 12, completing the unblocking process while also ensuring proper stratification of the broken material.

[0040] Then, the first motor 36 is reversed, and to prevent jamming, the unblocking roller 2 rolls in the opposite direction. At this time, as the rotating frame 20 rotates, the top rod 22 and the screen plate 12 form a certain angle. When rotating, the bottom of the screen plate 12 presses against the top rod 22, causing it to tilt further, and the torsion spring 23 twists in the opposite direction. After the top rod 22 separates from the screen plate 12, the torsion spring 23 rotates back to reset it. The top rod 22 does not need to enter the screen hole 120, which can ensure the stable movement and reset of the unblocking roller 2.

[0041] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown: It also includes a screen 13, which is located above the screen plate 12 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screen hopper 1. There are multiple screen plates 12 and multiple unblocking rollers 2. The top of the screen plate 12 and the top of the screen 13 are flush with the bottom wall of the discharge port 10. The diameter of the screen holes 120 on the multiple screen plates 12 decreases from top to bottom.

[0042] A screen 13 is installed at the top of the screen plate 12. The screen 13 has a large aperture, which can effectively screen broken glass and copper bars and is less prone to jamming. Since the screen holes 120 are small and prone to jamming, the unblocking roller 2 is set at the bottom of the screen plate 12 to improve the screening quality. Through the operation of the screen 13 and multiple screen plates 12, the broken material is screened into a top layer, a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, and a fourth layer. The radius of the material in the top layer is greater than 10 mm, the radius of the material in the first layer is greater than 3.5 mm and less than 10 mm, the radius of the material in the second layer is greater than 24 mesh and less than or equal to 3.5 mm, the radius of the material in the third layer is greater than 80 mesh and less than or equal to 24 mesh, and the radius of the material in the fourth layer is less than or equal to 80 mesh.

[0043] like Figures 4 to 9 As shown: The drive assembly 3 includes multiple rotating shafts 30, a pair of support plates 31, a pair of gears 32, a pair of racks 33, a first mounting plate 35, and a first motor 36. The rotating shafts 30 are coaxially connected to the rotating frame 20. Long slots 11 for the rotating shafts 30 to pass through are provided on both sides of the screening bin 1. The rotating shafts 30 pass through the support plates 31 and are rotatably connected to them. The support plates 31 are slidably connected to the screening bin 1. The two gears 32 are coaxially connected to the two rotating shafts 30 at the top, respectively. The racks 33 are fixedly connected to the screening bin 1. The top of the gears 32 meshes with the racks 33. The first mounting plate 35 is fixedly connected to one of the support plates 31. The first motor 36 is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate 35. The first motor 36 is used to drive the rotating shafts 30 at the top to rotate.

[0044] The drive assembly 3 also includes a pair of transmission mechanisms 34. The two transmission mechanisms 34 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the screen bin 1. The transmission mechanism 34 includes multiple sprockets 340, a telescopic rod 341 and a first spring 342. The sprockets 340 are coaxially connected to the rotating shaft 30. The multiple sprockets 340 are driven by a chain. One end of the telescopic rod 341 is fixedly connected to the support plate 31. The telescopic end of the telescopic rod 341 is rotatably connected to the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 30 in the middle. The first spring 342 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the telescopic rod 341. Both ends of the first spring 342 are fixedly connected to the support plate 31 and the telescopic end of the telescopic rod 341 of the rotating shaft 30, respectively. A fish-eye groove 310 is opened on one side of the support plate 31 for the rotating shaft 30 to pass through.

[0045] The first motor 36 is activated, driving the top rotating shaft 30 and the rotating frame 20 to rotate. Simultaneously, it drives the gear 32 to rotate. Through the meshing transmission between the gear 32 and the rack 33, the rotating shaft 30 moves along the long groove 11 towards the discharge port 10 while rotating itself, thus achieving the rolling unblocking of the unblocking rollers 2. As the rotating shaft 30 moves, it drives the support plate 31 to slide on the screen bin 1, thereby driving the other rotating shafts 30 to move. Through chain transmission between multiple sprockets 340, multiple unblocking rollers 2 roll synchronously, thus simultaneously unblocking the screen holes 120 on multiple screen plates 12. The diameter of the top rod 22 is smaller than all the screen holes 120, allowing for easy insertion and removal.

[0046] The fish-eye groove 310 on the support plate 31 is used to allow the middle layer rotating shaft 30 to move. Through the telescopic rod 341 and the first spring 342, the position of the middle layer unblocking roller 2 can be finely adjusted. During unblocking, the elastic force of the first spring 342 pushes the rotating shaft 30 to keep it stable and follow the movement of the support plate 31. During screening, the first spring 342 can be stably compressed and rebounded through the telescopic rod 341 to absorb the impact force generated by vibration and avoid excessive impact force transmitted to the chain, which could cause damage.

[0047] like Figure 10 As shown: It also includes a leak-proof component 4, which includes a pair of grid plates 40, a guide rod 41, a bidirectional screw 42, a second mounting plate 43, and a second motor 44. The two grid plates 40 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the screening bin 1. The grid plates 40 are inserted into the long groove 11. The guide rod 41 passes through the screening bin 1 and is fixedly connected to it. The bidirectional screw 42 passes through the screening bin 1 and is rotatably connected to it. The grid plates 40 are slidably connected to the outer periphery of the guide rod 41. The grid plates 40 are threadedly connected to the outer periphery of the bidirectional screw 42. The threads on the two grid plates 40 are in opposite directions. The second mounting plate 43 is fixedly connected to the screening bin 1. The second motor 44 is fixedly connected to the second mounting plate 43. The second motor 44 is used to drive the bidirectional screw 42 to rotate.

[0048] The second motor 44 is activated. The output shaft of the second motor 44 and the periphery of the bidirectional screw 42 are coaxially connected to spur gears. Through the meshing transmission between the two spur gears, the bidirectional screw 42 is driven to rotate in both directions. Through the threaded transmission between the bidirectional screw 42 and the partition plate, the two grid plates 40 can be moved closer or further apart. Simultaneously, a guide rod 41 is provided to ensure the stable movement of the grid plates 40. During the screening process, the drive assembly 3 moves to one end of the screening bin 1 and inserts the grid plates 40 into the long trough 11, sealing the long trough 11 to prevent material spillage. During the unblocking process, the grid plates 40 are separated from the long trough 11, allowing the unblocking roller 2 to move smoothly.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown: It also includes a biaxial vibrator 14, a base 15 and multiple second springs 16. The biaxial vibrator 14 is installed at the bottom of the screen bin 1 and is used to drive the screen bin 1 to vibrate. The multiple second springs 16 are located at the four corners of the bottom of the screen bin 1, and the two ends of the second springs 16 are fixedly connected to the base 15 and the screen bin 1 respectively.

[0050] The dual-axis vibrator 14 is activated, generating and simultaneously driving the screening bin 1 and the screen plate 12 to vibrate, thus achieving screening. Simultaneously, the impact force generated by the vibration is transmitted to and absorbed by the second spring 16, allowing the base 15 to stably support the screening bin 1. The drive assembly 3 and the leak-proof assembly 4 are both installed on the screening bin 1 and do not contact the base 15, preventing damage caused by the pulling force of the vibration.

[0051] like Figure 11 As shown: This embodiment also provides a pyrolysis process for a multi-stage sorting device for photovoltaic panel recycling, including the following steps: S100, by feeding the recycled waste photovoltaic panels into an automatic frame removal machine, the aluminum alloy frame, junction box, and MC4 connector are removed to obtain a frameless photovoltaic panel laminate; S200, the frameless photovoltaic panel laminate is fed into a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, causing the EVA film and backsheet material in the photovoltaic panel laminate to pyrolyze; S300, the high-temperature oil and gas generated in the pyrolysis step is introduced into a cooling system for condensation, separating out liquid fuel oil. The remaining non-condensable gas is returned to the pyrolysis furnace as supplementary fuel for combustion. In S400, the debris generated after the pyrolysis step is introduced into the storage bin for temporary storage. The next batch of waste enters the pyrolysis furnace for decomposition. At the same time, the debris in the storage bin is initially screened by a multi-stage sorting device. In S500, the debris after the initial screening is sorted manually, by air, by color, by AI intelligent sorting and by gravity sorting to finally obtain multiple sorting targets. The multiple sorting targets include glass, copper strips, silicon wafers, and silver powder (adhered to copper and carbon powder).

[0052] In step S100, the recycled waste photovoltaic panels are not cleaned but directly fed into an automatic frame removal machine to remove the aluminum alloy frame, junction box, and MC4 connectors. The automatic frame removal machine is suitable for both single-panel and double-panel panels, improving practicality. The panels are then cut multiple times, longitudinally and laterally. The waste aluminum alloy frame, junction box, and MC4 connectors are collected, sorted, and sent to the product storage area for sale. The disassembled frameless photovoltaic modules (photovoltaic panel laminates) are not crushed and directly enter the next pyrolysis process. When in the feeding state, the spiral groove drives the feeding; when in the heating state, the pyrolysis furnace rotates alternately in the forward and reverse directions; when in the discharging state, the spiral groove drives the discharging.

[0053] In step S200, the pyrolysis furnace has a double-layer structure. The inner layer is the pyrolysis zone for scrap materials, and the outer layer is the natural gas combustion heating zone. The pyrolysis process is carried out in an oxygen-deficient, slightly negative pressure environment with a temperature range of 350℃ to 400℃ and a pressure of less than 0.01 MPa to remove residual organic matter such as encapsulant film and backsheet layer from the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, as the temperature further increases, the adhesion between the encapsulant film and the glass and silicon wafer gradually weakens. Due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the glass and silicon wafer, tiny cracks and gaps will form between the glass and silicon wafer under thermal stress, thereby achieving initial separation of the glass and silicon wafer.

[0054] In addition, during the pyrolysis process, the spiral groove structure inside the pyrolysis furnace can drive the internal waste to tumble and pound, thereby rapidly breaking it down.

[0055] Specifically, the feed weight for each furnace of single-glass and double-glass photovoltaic panels and laminates is 25 tons. After the photovoltaic laminates are fed into the furnace, the furnace door is closed, and natural gas is used for indirect pyrolysis. Simultaneously, the induced draft fan is turned on to maintain a slight negative pressure inside the pyrolysis furnace (<0.01 MPa, to ensure that gas does not escape from the system during pyrolysis). When the furnace temperature rises to approximately 180°C, the pyrolysis process begins. When the temperature reaches 380°C, oil and gas begin to be stably generated inside the pyrolysis furnace. The generated oil and gas are introduced into the supporting condensation system (multi-stage coil condenser, indirect water cooling) for condensation. The fuel oil generated during condensation is collected in a vacuum oil tank, while non-condensable gases (combustible gases below C1-C5) are used as supplementary fuel and burned in the pyrolysis furnace. Once the vacuum oil tank is full, it is promptly transported and sold externally; no further fuel oil storage facilities are set up in the project area. The oil and gas contain cracked gas and a small amount of carbon black impurities. High-temperature oil and gas enter the gas chamber, where the pyrolysis gas and small-molecule pyrolysis oil vapors are condensed in the condenser. The condensed small-molecule pyrolysis oil is then sent to the vacuum tank. The flue gas temperature is approximately 200°C when the pyrolysis gas produced by the pyrolysis furnace enters the condensation system.

[0056] In step S200, the pyrolysis temperature is controlled at 380℃±10℃, and the pyrolysis time is controlled at 8 hours. After the pyrolysis process is completed, the external heating source is turned off, allowing the furnace temperature to cool down naturally for approximately 6 hours.

[0057] In step S300, a multi-stage coil condenser is used to indirectly water cool the pyrolysis gas at a temperature of about 200°C, and finally condenses the pyrolysis gas to about 80°C.

[0058] Specifically, each pyrolysis furnace is equipped with a 40m³ volume chamber. 3The cooling water tank is equipped with multi-stage coils for condensing the pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas flows inside the coils, while the cooling water indirectly cools it from the outside. The condensable portion of the pyrolysis gas gradually condenses into fuel oil, and the final condensed flue gas temperature is approximately 80°C. At this point, the remaining gas consists of non-condensable gases (non-condensable gases), mainly carbon dioxide and combustible gases below C1-C5. Based on actual needs, each pyrolysis furnace is equipped with a 40-cubic-meter cooling water tank to meet the flue gas condensation requirements. The pyrolysis time is approximately 8 hours. After the pyrolysis process, the external heating source is turned off, allowing the furnace temperature to cool naturally for approximately 6 hours. During the cooling process, the induced draft fan inside the furnace remains on. When the furnace temperature drops to approximately 100°C, the induced draft fan is turned off, the furnace door is opened, and the remaining glass, silicon wafers, carbon black, copper wire welding strips, etc., are discharged through a fully automatic sealed slag discharge device and then transported by belt to a vibrating screen for screening.

[0059] Step S400 specifically includes: S410, screening the crushed material into different layers according to particle size through the screening bin 1: top layer crushed material, first layer crushed material, second layer crushed material, third layer crushed material, and fourth layer crushed material; S420, manually separating the top layer crushed material from the large glass and copper strips / copper balls; S430, after alkaline washing, placing the first layer crushed material from the step S410 into the next-level storage bin, separating the clean glass and copper strips / copper balls through a color sorter, and placing the remaining intermediate material into the next-level storage bin. In the material silo, copper scrap and clean glass are obtained through AI intelligent sorting. In step S440, the second layer of scrap from step S410 is separated into silicon wafers and a mixture of rice-grain glass particles using an air separator. The rice-grain glass mixture undergoes two-stage sieving. In step S450, the third layer of scrap from step S410 is processed through 80-mesh vibratory sorting to obtain silver-containing powder, as well as a mixture of silicon powder and copper scrap. The silicon powder and copper scrap mixture is then placed in a 2-ton storage silo for gravity sorting to obtain copper scrap and silicon wafers respectively. In step S410, the radius of the top layer of scrap is greater than 10mm, the first layer is greater than 3.5mm and less than 10mm, the second layer is greater than 24 mesh and less than or equal to 3.5mm, the third layer is greater than 80 mesh and less than or equal to 24 mesh, and the fourth layer is less than or equal to 80 mesh. In step S430, the first layer of scrap is washed with alkali to remove glass fragments before proceeding to the next sorting step, thereby improving the quality of the glass scrap.

[0060] Step S410 specifically includes: S411, feeding the crushed material from the top of the screening bin 1, generating vibration through the dual-shaft vibrator 14, screening through the screen 13 and multiple screen plates 12, and stratifying the crushed material according to size; S412, stopping the vibration and outputting the initially screened crushed material from multiple outlets 10, and then opening the long groove 11 through the anti-leakage component 4 to make the unblocking roller 2 ready for operation; S413, synchronously driving multiple unblocking rollers 2 to reciprocate along the bottom of the screen plate 12 through the drive component 3, and as the unblocking roller 2 moves, its peripheral support rod 21 rotates alternately, and the top rod 22 on the support rod 21 is inserted into the screen hole 120 from bottom to top and then pulled out in the opposite direction to push out the crushed material stuck in the screen hole 120; S414, moving the unblocking roller 2 to reset it, and then resetting the anti-leakage component 4 to complete the preparation work for subsequent screening.

[0061] The two-stage screening process in step S440 includes the following steps: S441, the rice-grain glass mixture is screened into fragments with a radius greater than 20 mesh and less than 3 mm, fragments with a radius less than 20 mesh, and fragments with a radius greater than 3 mm through two-stage screening; S442, the fragments with a radius greater than 3 mm from step S441 are passed through a small air classifier to obtain rice-grain glass, silicon wafers, and a mixture of clean glass and copper wool, and then the mixture of clean glass and copper wool is placed into a 3-ton storage silo. AI intelligent sorting is performed to obtain copper wool and clean glass. S443: The scrap with a radius of less than 20 mesh in step S441 is separated into fine silicon powder, fine glass and fine copper wool by gravity sorting. The remaining scrap is placed into step S450 for processing. S444: The scrap with a radius of more than 20 mesh and less than 3mm in step S441 is placed into a 3-ton storage silo and subjected to multiple gravity sorting to obtain specific gravity tailings (fine glass, fine silicon wafers), specific gravity silicon wafers and copper wool.

[0062] Because the pyrolysis time of a single pyrolysis furnace is relatively long and it is in an intermittent pyrolysis state, step S200 of this embodiment uses multiple pyrolysis furnaces to operate in batches. While some pyrolysis furnaces are in the pyrolysis heating stage, others are in the cooling, discharging, or loading stage. Taking a setup of 4 pyrolysis furnaces and their associated condensation system as an example, with a production shift of 2 shifts, each 8 hours. Since the pyrolysis furnaces need to cool naturally after pyrolysis, with a cooling time of approximately 6 hours, the 4 pyrolysis furnaces in the first phase of the project are operated in batches. That is, while two pyrolysis furnaces are pyrolyzing, the other two are performing cooling, discharging, and loading operations. A small amount of pyrolysis gas is also generated during the cooling process of the pyrolysis furnaces. The non-condensable gas produced after condensation can also serve as a heat source for the pyrolysis process of the other two pyrolysis furnaces.

[0063] The combustion exhaust gas generated from pyrolysis in step S200 and the dust generated from the sorting step are treated by the exhaust gas treatment system and discharged in compliance with standards. The combustion exhaust gas is treated sequentially by a dry deacidification tower, a bag filter, and an activated carbon adsorption device.

[0064] The process is carried out under anaerobic conditions, and the treated material does not contain chlorine, thereby inhibiting the formation of dioxins.

[0065] Specifically, the pyrolytic parts of photovoltaic modules are mainly EVA and TPT backsheets. The main component of EVA is ethylene-vinyl acetate, and the main components of TPT backsheets are PVF and PET.

[0066] According to the literature "Heat Treatment and Product Analysis of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer in Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules" (Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Ecological Industry for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100012), 33% (mass fraction) of EVE is vinyl acetate, and the remaining 67% is ethylene. The gases produced by heat treatment under a nitrogen atmosphere are propane (7.5%), methane (17.15%), carbon dioxide (10.2%), ethylene (33.05%), ethane (13.07%), and propylene (19.04%), all of which are combustible gases.

[0067] According to the literature "Characteristics of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and its Application in Process Industries" (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213016), PVDF melts at 170-185℃ and undergoes a large amount of thermal decomposition at 379℃, releasing hydrogen fluoride gas. The fluorine content in the molecule is 59%.

[0068] According to relevant data, the melting temperature of PET is 257-265℃. At 350℃, it undergoes a large amount of thermal decomposition, mainly into carbon dioxide, ethylene glycol, ethane, water, etc.

[0069] The pyrolysis process of the project mainly removes organic matter such as EVA film and PET backsheet from the battery cells. The pyrolysis temperature of the project is about 380℃, at which temperature almost all the organic matter on the battery cells is pyrolyzed.

[0070] According to the self-analysis during the process R & D stage of the construction unit, the pyrolysis products include: ① Gas: The main components of the pyrolysis gas are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, ethane, ethylene, propylene, and propane, accounting for 97.5819% of the total volume. The remaining minor components are olefins, alkanes, alkynes, fluorides, etc. The density of the pyrolysis gas is approximately 1.022 kg / m³, and the gas generation amount accounts for about 40% of the pyrolyzable shredded materials; ② Liquid: The gas that can be condensed into pyrolysis oil, the main component of which is organic matter with C6 - C18. After fine processing, it can be made into solvent oil, fuel oil, or gasoline - diesel blending oil, accounting for approximately 50%; ③ Solid: The residue generated after pyrolysis, the main component of which is carbon black, etc., accounting for about 10%. In addition, the backplane layer contains PVDF, and PVDF will undergo a pyrolysis reaction during high - temperature pyrolysis to generate fluorides.

[0071] Therefore, the main pollution factors in the exhaust gas during the pyrolysis process of the project's pyrolysis furnace are non - methane total hydrocarbons, fluorides, and a small amount of particulate matter (carbon black dust).

[0072] After the pyrolysis gas generated during the pyrolysis process of the project's pyrolysis furnace is suctioned by an induced draft fan, it enters the condensation system configured for the pyrolysis furnace for condensation. Most of the non - methane total hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas (the main component is organic matter with C6 - C18) are condensed into fuel oil (product, entering the oil tank), and the remaining non - condensable gas (the main components are CH4, H2, CO, CO2, etc., similar to the composition of natural gas) is used as supplementary fuel and enters the furnace chamber of the pyrolysis furnace for combustion. After removing part of the organic matter, it is treated together with the combustion exhaust gas of natural gas through a dry de - acidification tower + bag filter + activated carbon adsorption, and then discharged through a 18 - m exhaust stack DA001. In the first - phase project of the project, 4 pyrolysis furnaces are set up. According to the data provided by the equipment manufacturer, the air volume of the exhaust gas supporting fan for each pyrolysis furnace is 5000 m³ / h. The 4 pyrolysis furnaces set up in the first - phase project operate in batches (while two pyrolysis furnaces are pyrolyzing, the other two pyrolysis furnaces are cooling). Combustion exhaust gas is only generated during the pyrolysis heating stage. Therefore, the air volume of the combustion exhaust gas of the pyrolysis furnaces in the first - phase project is 10000 m³ / h. The air volume of the combustion exhaust gas of the pyrolysis furnaces in the second - phase project is the same as that in the first - phase project.

[0073] It should be noted that the above - mentioned specific implementation manners are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, equivalent replacements, changes, etc. can be made to the present invention. However, as long as these transformations do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention, they should be within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, some terms used in the specification and claims of this application are not restrictive, but are only for the convenience of clearly describing the positional relationship and functions between various components.

Claims

1. A multi-stage sorting device for photovoltaic panel recycling, comprising a screening bin (1), wherein one end of the screening bin (1) is provided with multiple discharge ports (10), characterized in that, It also includes a sieve plate (12), a dredging roller (2), and a drive assembly (3). The sieve plate (12) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sieve bin (1). The top of the sieve plate (12) is provided with multiple sieve holes (120), which are arranged in a horizontal array. The dredging roller (2) includes a pair of rotating frames (20), multiple support rods (21), and multiple torsion springs (23). The rotating frames (20) are located below the sieve plate (12). The multiple support rods (21) are arranged in a circumferential distribution on one side of the rotating frames (20). The two sides of the support rods (21) pass through the two rotating frames (20) and are rotatably connected to them. The top of the support rods (21) Multiple top rods (22) are distributed horizontally at intervals. The top rods (22) are fixedly connected to the support rods (21). The top rods (22) pass through the screen holes (120) and abut against their inner walls. The end of the top rod (22) near the discharge port (10) is inclined upward. The rotating frame (20) is rotatably installed in the screen bin (1). The torsion spring (23) is sleeved around the support rod (21). The two ends of the torsion spring (23) are fixedly connected to the support rod (21) and the rotating frame (20) respectively. The drive assembly (3) is installed in the screen bin (1). The drive assembly (3) is used to drive the rotating frame (20) to roll along the bottom of the screen plate (12).

2. The multi-stage sorting equipment for photovoltaic panel recycling according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a screen (13), which is located above the screen plate (12) and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screen hopper (1). There are multiple screen plates (12) and multiple unblocking rollers (2). The top of the screen plate (12) and the top of the screen (13) are flush with the bottom wall of the discharge port (10). The diameter of the screen holes (120) on the multiple screen plates (12) decreases from top to bottom.

3. The multi-stage sorting equipment for photovoltaic panel recycling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly (3) includes multiple rotating shafts (30), a pair of support plates (31), a pair of gears (32), a pair of racks (33), a first mounting plate (35), and a first motor (36). The rotating shafts (30) are coaxially connected to the rotating frame (20). The screen bin (1) has long slots (11) on both sides for the rotating shafts (30) to pass through. The rotating shafts (30) pass through the support plates (31) and are rotatably connected to them. The support plates (31) are slidably connected to the screen bin (1). The two gears (32) are coaxially connected to the two rotating shafts (30) at the top. The racks (33) are fixedly connected to the screen bin (1). The top of the gears (32) meshes with the racks (33). The first mounting plate (35) is fixedly connected to one of the support plates (31). The first motor (36) is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate (35). The first motor (36) is used to drive the rotating shafts (30) at the top to rotate.

4. A multi-stage sorting device for photovoltaic panel recycling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drive assembly (3) also includes a pair of transmission mechanisms (34). The two transmission mechanisms (34) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the screen bin (1). The transmission mechanism (34) includes multiple sprockets (340), a telescopic rod (341) and a first spring (342). The sprockets (340) are coaxially connected to the rotating shaft (30). The multiple sprockets (340) are driven by a chain. One end of the telescopic rod (341) is fixedly connected to the support plate (31). The telescopic end of the telescopic rod (341) is rotatably connected to the outer periphery of the rotating shaft (30) in the middle. The first spring (342) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the telescopic rod (341). The two ends of the first spring (342) are fixedly connected to the support plate (31) and the telescopic end of the telescopic rod (341) of the rotating shaft (30) respectively. A fish-eye groove (310) is provided on one side of the support plate (31) for the rotating shaft (30) to pass through.

5. A multi-stage sorting device for photovoltaic panel recycling according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a leak-proof component (4), which includes a pair of grid plates (40), a guide rod (41), a bidirectional screw (42), a second mounting plate (43), and a second motor (44). The two grid plates (40) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the screening bin (1). The grid plates (40) are inserted into the long groove (11). The guide rod (41) passes through the screening bin (1) and is fixedly connected to it. The bidirectional screw (42) passes through the screening bin (1) and is rotatably connected to it. The grid plates (40) are slidably connected to the guide rod (41) on the periphery. The grid plates (40) are threadedly connected to the bidirectional screw (42) on the periphery. The threads on the two grid plates (40) are opposite in direction. The second mounting plate (43) is fixedly connected to the screening bin (1). The second motor (44) is fixedly connected to the second mounting plate (43). The second motor (44) is used to drive the bidirectional screw (42) to rotate.

6. A multi-stage sorting device for photovoltaic panel recycling according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a biaxial vibrator (14), a base (15) and a plurality of second springs (16). The biaxial vibrator (14) is installed at the bottom of the screen hopper (1) and is used to drive the screen hopper (1) to vibrate. The plurality of second springs (16) are located at the four corners of the bottom of the screen hopper (1) respectively. The two ends of the second springs (16) are fixedly connected to the base (15) and the screen hopper (1) respectively.

7. A pyrolysis treatment process applied to a multi-stage sorting equipment for photovoltaic panel recycling according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S100. By sending the recycled waste photovoltaic panels into an automatic frame removal machine, the aluminum alloy frame, junction box and MC4 connector are removed to obtain frameless photovoltaic panel laminate. S200. The frameless photovoltaic panel laminate is fed into a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, so that the EVA film and backsheet material in the photovoltaic panel laminate are pyrolyzed. S300: The high-temperature oil and gas generated in the pyrolysis step is introduced into the cooling system for condensation, and the liquid fuel oil is separated out. The remaining non-condensable gas is returned to the pyrolysis furnace as supplementary fuel for combustion. S400: The scrap generated after the pyrolysis step is introduced into the storage bin for temporary storage. The next batch of waste enters the pyrolysis furnace for decomposition. At the same time, the scrap in the storage bin is preliminarily screened by a multi-stage sorting device. After initial screening, the S500 material is sorted manually, by air, by color, by AI intelligent sorting and by gravity sorting to obtain multiple sorting targets, including glass, copper strips, silicon wafers and silver powder (adhered to copper and carbon powder).

8. The pyrolysis treatment process of a multi-stage sorting equipment for photovoltaic panel recycling according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S400 specifically includes: S410. The crushed material is screened into different layers of material according to particle size through the screening bin (1), namely top layer material, first layer material, second layer material, third layer material and fourth layer material; S420. The top layer material from step S410 is manually sorted to separate large glass, copper strips, and copper balls. S430. After the material in step S410 is washed with alkali, it is placed into the next-level storage silo. The clean glass and copper strips or copper balls are separated by a color sorter. The remaining intermediate material is placed into the next-level storage silo and then separated by AI intelligent sorting to obtain copper wool and clean glass respectively. S440. The second layer material in step S410 is separated into silicon wafers and rice grain glass mixture by an air separator, and the rice grain glass mixture is subjected to two-stage sieving. S450. The three layers of material in step S410 are subjected to 80-mesh vibration sorting to obtain silver powder, as well as a mixture of silicon powder and copper wool. The mixture of silicon powder and copper wool is then placed into a 2-ton storage silo for gravity sorting to obtain copper wool and silicon wafers respectively.

9. The pyrolysis treatment process of a multi-stage sorting equipment for photovoltaic panel recycling according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S410 specifically includes: S411. The crushed material is fed from the top of the sieve bin (1), vibrates through the biaxial vibrator (14), and is screened by the screen (13) and multiple screen plates (12) to separate the crushed material into layers according to size. S412, stop the vibration and output the pre-screened crushed material from multiple outlets (10) respectively, and then open the long trough (11) through the anti-leakage component (4) so ​​that the unblocking roller (2) is ready for operation; S413. The drive assembly (3) synchronously drives multiple unclogging rollers (2) to roll back and forth along the bottom of the screen plate (12). As the unclogging rollers (2) move, the support rods (21) around them rotate alternately. The top rods (22) on the support rods (21) are inserted into the screen holes (120) from bottom to top and then pulled out in the opposite direction to push out the debris stuck in the screen holes (120). S414. Move the unblocking roller (2) to reset it, and then reset the leak prevention component (4) to complete the preparation work for subsequent screening.

10. The pyrolysis treatment process of a multi-stage sorting equipment for photovoltaic panel recycling according to claim 8, characterized in that, The two-stage screening process in step S440 includes the following steps: S441. The rice-glass mixture is screened into fragments with a radius greater than 20 mesh and less than 3 mm, fragments with a radius less than 20 mesh, and fragments with a radius greater than 3 mm by two-stage screening. S442. In step S441, the fragments with a radius greater than 3mm are separated by a small air classifier to obtain rice grain glass, silicon wafers, and a mixture of clean glass and copper wool. The mixture of clean glass and copper wool is then placed into a 3-ton storage silo for AI intelligent sorting to obtain copper wool and clean glass respectively. S443. In step S441, the scrap with a radius of less than 20 mesh is separated by gravity separation to obtain fine silicon powder, fine glass and fine copper wool. The remaining scrap is then placed into step S450 for processing. S444. In step S441, the scrap material with a radius greater than 20 mesh and less than 3 mm is placed into a 3-ton storage silo and subjected to multiple gravity sorting processes to obtain gravity tailings (fine glass, fine silicon wafers), gravity silicon wafers, and copper wool.

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