Shearing type unlocking separation device, dynamic test system and unlocking force control method

Abstract

The application provides a shearing type unlocking separation device, a dynamic test system and an unlocking force control method. The device comprises an unlocking bolt, a shearing protective sleeve and an auxiliary mechanism. The unlocking bolt comprises a first threaded section, an unlocking separation section and a second threaded section. Two weakening grooves are arranged on the unlocking separation section and extend in the same direction. The two weakening grooves are provided with through holes at the side ends close to each other. The distance between the two through holes is l. The angle between the weakening grooves and the axis of the unlocking separation section is β. The angle between the line connecting the two through holes and the radial line of the unlocking separation section is α. The two weakening grooves penetrate the unlocking separation section. The weakening grooves are filled with high-strength fillers. The shearing protective sleeve is sleeved on the unlocking separation section. The auxiliary mechanism is threadedly connected to the second threaded section. The application can realize rapid response and precise control of unlocking force, and the separation process does not produce harmful gas, and the economic efficiency and environmental benefits are good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of launch technology, and in particular to a shear-type unlocking and separation device, a dynamic testing system, and an unlocking force control method. Background Technology

[0002] The separation device is a key component in the aerospace field, widely used in tasks such as fairing separation, spacecraft segment connection, and solar panel clamping and unlocking. Its performance directly affects the reliability and safety of spacecraft mission execution.

[0003] In existing technologies, pyrotechnic unlocking devices mainly rely on explosion or combustion to achieve unlocking (such as CN115355771A and CN108980156A). Although they have the characteristics of large locking force and rapid response, they generate transient, high-frequency, and high-vibration-level separation shock waves. Although these shock waves do not damage the spacecraft structure, they can damage sensitive electronic components and precision equipment inside the spacecraft and are accompanied by the generation of polluting gases, which has obvious limitations.

[0004] Non-pyrotechnic unlocking devices have gradually become a research hotspot due to their advantages such as significantly reducing separation shock waves, flexible structure, reusability, and no pollution. Existing non-pyrotechnic unlocking devices mostly involve setting annular weakening grooves on the bolts (such as CN105610000A), which has the following problems:

[0005] (i) Relying on axial tensile failure to unlock, under dynamic impact, the metal material will have an unlocking force much greater than the design value due to the strain rate strengthening effect, the strain rate sensitivity effect is significant, and the accuracy is insufficient.

[0006] (ii) The necking process before the breakage of this type of pull-off bolt will cause an unlocking delay, affecting the system response accuracy and safety, and making it difficult to meet the strict requirements of complex tasks for the separation process;

[0007] (iii) Fatigue cracks are easily generated at the cutting seam (notch) due to stress concentration, resulting in insufficient reliability in long-term use. Furthermore, the mechanical model does not consider the influence of structural details on the unlocking force, and the prediction accuracy needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a shear-type unlocking and separation device, a dynamic testing system, and an unlocking force control method, which achieves rapid response and precise control of unlocking force, while the separation process does not produce harmful gases, resulting in good economic and environmental benefits.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is: a shear-type unlocking and separating device, comprising an unlocking bolt, a shearing protective sleeve, and an auxiliary mechanism. The unlocking bolt comprises a first threaded section, an unlocking and separating section, and a second threaded section connected in sequence. The unlocking and separating section has two weakening grooves facing each other, extending obliquely in the same direction. A through hole is provided at the end of one of the two weakening grooves that is close to each other, and the through hole radially penetrates the unlocking and separating section. A gap is provided between the two through holes. The angle between the weakening groove and the axis of the unlocking separation section is β, the angle between the line connecting the two through holes and the radial line of the unlocking separation section is α, and the ends of the two weakening grooves that are far apart from each other pass through the unlocking separation section; the weakening groove is filled with high-strength filler.

[0010] The shearing protective sleeve is fitted onto the unlocking separation section, and the auxiliary mechanism is threadedly connected to the second threaded section, thereby defining the position of the shearing protective sleeve on the unlocking bolt.

[0011] In the above scheme, the unlocking and separation section is designed as two inclined, unconnected weakening grooves, and through holes are provided at the ends of the weakening grooves. This can achieve connection strength under certain impact loads and ensure that the connection will break under specific conditions, so as to achieve the purpose of unlocking.

[0012] Preferably, the unlocking separation section is square, and the weakening groove is n-shaped and arranged on the unlocking separation section in the direction, with the n-shaped openings of the two weakening grooves arranged close to each other.

[0013] Preferably, the auxiliary mechanism includes a nylon washer, a flat washer, a tapered washer, a spring washer, and a nut arranged in sequence, wherein the nylon washer abuts against the shear protection sleeve, and the nut is threadedly connected to the second threaded section.

[0014] Preferably, the two weakening grooves are offset axially from each other in the unlocking separation section.

[0015] The present invention also provides a dynamic testing system, including a pressure tank and a simulated launch tube installed on the pressure tank via an adapter flange. The simulated launch tube contains a simulated launch load. Multiple shear-type unlocking and separation devices are provided through the adapter flange and the simulated launch tube. The first threaded section of the shear-type unlocking and separation device is connected to the simulated launch load, and the second threaded section is connected to an axial tension sensor. A butterfly valve is provided between the pressure tank and the adapter flange.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for controlling the unlocking force using the above-mentioned shear-type unlocking and separation device, characterized in that it includes:

[0017] Step 1: Calculate the unlocking force F of the unlocking separation section based on the structural parameters of the weakening groove. N ;

[0018] Step two, based on the calculated unlocking force F N Establish an unlocking force coupling model;

[0019] Step 3: Initially determine the material and unlocking force control parameter set for the unlocking separation section, and take the correction coefficient value to correct the unlocking force F. N ;

[0020] Step four: Establish a finite element dynamic model based on the initially determined unlocking force control parameter set, and apply a modified unlocking force F to the model. N Until the unlocking separation section breaks; adjust the unlocking force control parameter group according to the simulation;

[0021] Step 5: Produce the unlocking bolts according to the unlocking force control parameter set obtained in Step 4; obtain the correspondence between stress concentration factor K and α, and generate a prediction table of K values ​​under different included angles α.

[0022] Preferably, in step one, the unlocking force F N The expression is:

[0023] (1)

[0024] In the formula, K is the stress concentration factor at the through hole; The shear force required to unlock the separation section, in N; μ is the stress dispersion correction factor for the high-strength packing.

[0025] in, The expression is:

[0026] (2)

[0027] In the formula, The shear failure strength of the material in the unlocked separation section is expressed in MPa. The tensile strength of the material used to unlock the separation section is expressed in MPa. The shear failure cross-sectional area of ​​the unlocked separation segment 12 is shown in m². 2 ; The formula is determined as follows:

[0028] (3)

[0029] In the formula, r is the radius of the through hole, in mm; d is the thickness of the unlocking separation section, in mm;

[0030] The expression for μ is as follows:

[0031] (4)

[0032] In the formula, E fE represents the elastic modulus of high-strength filler 124, in GPa. b This represents the elastic modulus of the bolt material, expressed in GPa.

[0033] Preferably, in step three, the unlocking force F is corrected according to formula (5). N :

[0034] (5)

[0035] The material of the initially selected unlocking and separation section will be determined. Values, r is the radius of the through hole, in mm; d is the thickness of the unlocking separation section, in mm; E f E represents the elastic modulus of high-strength filler, expressed in GPa. b Let K be the elastic modulus of the bolt material, in GPa; take K=1, and correct the unlocking force F. N .

[0036] Preferably, in step four, a piecewise linear plastic model is used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the material in the unlocking separation section, and then the nominal stress-strain curve is obtained through a static tensile test and converted into a real stress-strain curve; then a finite element mesh model is established based on the real stress-strain curve.

[0037] The preferred stress concentration factor K value prediction table is as follows:

[0038] .

[0039] Compared with related technologies, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] I. The present invention designs the unlocking separation section as two inclined, unconnected weakening grooves, and provides through holes at the ends of the weakening grooves. This can achieve connection strength under certain impact loads and ensure that the connection will break under specific conditions, so as to achieve the purpose of unlocking.

[0041] II. The unlocking bolt of the present invention includes a first threaded section, an unlocking and separating section and a second threaded section, which has sufficient axial tensile strength and can achieve a firm connection function and an accurate and rapid unlocking and separating function.

[0042] Third, the present invention sets high-strength filler in the weakening groove, which serves to disperse stress concentration at the cutting seam during long-term use, inhibit the generation and propagation of fatigue cracks, thereby improving the fatigue resistance of the device.

[0043] Fourth, the present invention fits a shearing protective sleeve on the unlocking bolt, so that the unlocking bolt has better load-bearing performance, such as being able to withstand the vertical load generated by transportation, vibration and other conditions after the shearing unlocking and separation device is installed on the carrier.

[0044] V. This invention transforms the axial impact load on the unlocking bolt into shear failure at the cross-section where the centers of the two through holes in the unlocking separation section are located. It possesses the advantages of non-pyrotechnic unlocking devices, such as low cost, light weight, simple structure, and no smoke or dust emissions, while overcoming the disadvantage of high strain rate effects in existing non-pyrotechnic devices. Simultaneously, high-strength filler enhances long-term fatigue resistance, ensuring no damage to high-precision components inside the carrier. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the shear-type unlocking and separation device provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of the shear-type unlocking and separation device provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the unlocking bolt;

[0048] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the parameters of the weakening groove on the unlocking bolt;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the shearing protective sleeve.

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the auxiliary mechanism;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dynamic testing system provided by the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 The static tensile test force-displacement curve of the dynamic testing system provided by this invention;

[0053] Figure 9 The dynamic tensile test force-displacement curve of the dynamic testing system provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the finite element dynamic model established based on the unlocking force control parameter set;

[0055] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of assigning a finite element mesh model to the material's true stress-strain curve.

[0056] In the attached diagram: 1. Unlocking bolt; 11. First threaded section; 12. Unlocking separation section; 121. Weakening groove; 122. Through hole; 124. High-strength filler; 13. Second threaded section; 2. Shear protection sleeve; 21. First hole section; 22. Second hole section; 3. Auxiliary mechanism; 31. Nylon washer; 32. Flat washer; 33. Conical washer; 34. Spring washer; 35. Nut; 4. Dynamic testing system; 41. Pressure tank; 411. Pressure sensor; 412. Inlet valve; 42. Butterfly valve; 43. Adapter flange; 44. Axial tension sensor; 45. Simulated launch tube; 46. Simulated launch load. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other. For ease of description, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" used below only indicate that they correspond to the upper, lower, left, and right directions in the accompanying drawings and do not limit the structure.

[0058] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the shearing-type unlocking and separating device provided in this embodiment includes an unlocking bolt 1, a shearing protective sleeve 2, and an auxiliary mechanism 3. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the unlocking bolt 1 includes a first threaded section 11, an unlocking separation section 12, and a second threaded section 13 connected in sequence. The unlocking separation section 12 is square. Two weakening grooves 121 are provided opposite to each other on the unlocking separation section 12, and the two weakening grooves 121 extend obliquely in the same direction. The weakening grooves 121 are n-shaped in radial projection. The n-shaped openings of the two weakening grooves 121 are positioned close to each other.

[0059] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a through hole 122 is provided at the end of one of the two weakening grooves 121 that are close to each other, and the through hole 122 radially penetrates the unlocking separation section 12. A gap is provided between the two through holes 122. The weakening groove 121 forms an angle β with the axis of the unlocking separation section 12, and the line connecting the two through holes 122 forms an angle α with the radial line of the unlocking separation section 12. The two weakening grooves 121 are staggered axially in the unlocking separation section 12. The ends of the two weakening grooves 121 that are far apart from each other pass through the unlocking separation section 12. The weakening groove 121 is filled with high-strength filler 124. The high-strength filler 124 can be made of ceramic matrix composite material that is resistant to compression but not tension, or high-strength epoxy resin. Its function is to disperse the stress concentration at the cutting seam during long-term use, inhibit the generation and propagation of fatigue cracks, and thus improve the fatigue resistance of the device.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, the shearing protective sleeve 2 has a square first hole segment 21 and a circular second hole segment 22 arranged sequentially inside. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the shearing protective sleeve 2 is fitted onto the unlocking separation section 12, wherein the first hole section 21 is located outside the unlocking separation section 12, and the second hole section 22 is located outside the second threaded section 13. A step is formed between the first hole section 21 and the second hole section 22, and the step engages with the shoulder between the unlocking separation section 12 and the second threaded section 13.

[0061] The auxiliary mechanism 3 is threadedly connected to the second threaded section 13, and the auxiliary mechanism 3 defines the position of the shearing protective sleeve 2 on the unlocking bolt 1. Figure 6 As shown, the auxiliary mechanism 3 includes a nylon washer 31, a flat washer 32, a tapered washer 33, a spring washer 34, and a nut 35 arranged sequentially. The nylon washer 31 abuts against the shear protection sleeve 2, and the nut 35 is threadedly connected to the second threaded section 13. The nylon washer 31 has excellent shock absorption performance, the tapered washer 33 can prevent the shear protection sleeve 2 from loosening, and the spring washer 34 can prevent the nut 35 from loosening on the second threaded section 13.

[0062] In one application, the first threaded section 11 can be connected to an aircraft (not shown), and the second threaded section 13 can be connected to a launch fixing device (such as a launch pad, ground device, etc.). The shear-type unlocking and separation device is used for unlocking and launching the aircraft. The structure of the unlocking and separation section 12 can meet the connection strength requirements of the aircraft under impact loads such as gravity, vibration inertial force, and airflow, ensuring the safety of the aircraft before entering the launch state. When the aircraft is in the launch state, the first threaded section 11 is subjected to axial tensile load, and stress concentration occurs around the through hole 122. When the stress concentration intensity reaches the unlocking force limit of the unlocking bolt 1, the aircraft unlocks and launches.

[0063] In the second application, such as Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also provides a dynamic testing system 4, which includes a pressure tank 41 and a simulated launch tube 45 mounted on the pressure tank 41 via an adapter flange 43. A simulated launch load 46 is disposed within the simulated launch tube 45. Two opposing shear-type unlocking and separation devices are disposed through the adapter flange 43 and the simulated launch tube 45. A first threaded section 11 is connected to the simulated launch load 46, and an axial tension sensor 44 is connected to a second threaded section 13. A butterfly valve 42 is disposed between the pressure tank 41 and the adapter flange 43. A pressure sensor 411 and an air inlet valve 412 are disposed on the pressure tank 41. The pressure tank 41 is connected to the ground to simulate the high-pressure chamber in a launch system.

[0064] Compressed air is introduced into the pressure tank 41 through the inlet valve 412. When the pressure sensor 411 reading reaches the set value, the inlet valve 412 is closed. The simulated high-pressure chamber (pressure tank 41) and the low-pressure chamber (simulated launch tube (45)) are isolated by the butterfly valve 42. When the test start command is issued, the butterfly valve 42 is opened, and the air in the high-pressure chamber flows into the low-pressure chamber, which then acts on the pressure-bearing surface at the tail of the simulated launch load 46, pushing the simulated launch load 46 to move within the simulated launch tube 45. Since the adapter flange 43 is fixedly connected to the pressure tank 41, the axial tension sensor 44 will not move under the action of tension. The data recorded by the axial tension sensor 44 is the tension borne by the unlocking bolt 1. As the pressure on the pressure-bearing surface of the simulated launch load 46 continues to increase, when the tension borne by the two unlocking bolts 1 exceeds the unlocking force threshold, the simulated launch load 46 will move out of the cylinder along the simulated launch tube 45 under the action of airflow pressure.

[0065] Two sets of dynamic impact tests were conducted on the dynamic testing system 4. The initial pressure sensor 411 was set to 1.40 MPa, and the pressure was increased in increments of 0.05 MPa each time until the unlocking bolt 1 was broken. The data curve of the last impact test is shown below. Figure 9 The unlocking and separating sections 12 of the unlocking and separating device are all sheared and broken at preset positions, with a maximum tensile force F. N The values ​​are 129.9 kN and 124.6 kN, respectively. Dynamic impact and static tensile unlocking forces (static tensile test force-displacement curves are shown below). Figure 8 The errors (as shown) were 3.49% and 0.73% respectively, indicating that the strain rate enhancement effect of the shear-type unlocking separation device was not obvious.

[0066] The present invention also provides a method for controlling the unlocking force using the above-mentioned shear-type unlocking and separation device, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1, Calculate the unlocking force F of the unlocking separation section 12 based on the structural parameters of the weakening groove 121. N .like Figure 4 As shown, the width h of the weakening groove, the included angle α, the radius r of the through hole 122, and the spacing between the two through holes 122 are all specified. The included angle β and the thickness d of the unlocking separation section 12, these structural parameters determine the unlocking force F. N Size.

[0068] Unlocking Force F N The expression is:

[0069] (1)

[0070] In the formula, K is the stress concentration factor at the through hole 122; The shear force required to unlock the separation section 12, in N; μ is the stress dispersion correction factor for the high-strength packing 124;

[0071] in, The expression is:

[0072] (2)

[0073] In the formula, The shear failure strength of the material in the unlocked separation section 12 is expressed in MPa. The tensile strength of the material in the unlocking separation section 12 is expressed in MPa. The shear failure cross-sectional area of ​​the unlocked separation segment 12 is shown in m². 2 ; The formula is determined as follows:

[0074] (3)

[0075] In the formula, r is the radius of the through hole 122, in mm; d is the thickness of the unlocking separation section 12, in mm;

[0076] The expression for μ is as follows:

[0077] (4)

[0078] In the formula, E f E represents the elastic modulus of high-strength filler 124, in GPa. b This represents the elastic modulus of the bolt material, expressed in GPa.

[0079] S2, based on the calculated unlocking force F N Establish an unlocking force coupling model.

[0080] S3, initial selection of unlocked separation section 12 material Q960E to determine Value; Initially set the unlocking force control parameter group, which includes the included angle. The radius r of the two through holes 122, and the center distance between the two through holes 122 , mm; the thickness d of the unlocked separation section 12.

[0081] The unlocking force F is corrected according to formula (5). N :

[0082] (5)

[0083] Set K=1, and adjust the unlocking force F. N .

[0084] S4. Establish an LS-DYNA finite element dynamic model based on the unlocking force control parameter set, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the fixed constraint position Fixed is schematically shown in the model. Specifically: The mechanical behavior of Q960E material is simulated by using MAT_24 (piecewise linear plasticity model). For example, Figure 11 as shown, the nominal stress-strain curve is obtained through the static tensile test of Q960E and converted into the true stress-strain curve, which is used as the material input parameter for the simulation. The unlocking force is applied at the position Fixed until the unlocking separation section 12 breaks. The unlocking force control parameter group in the LS-DYNA finite element mesh model is adjusted to control the error between the theoretical calculated unlocking force and the simulated calculated unlocking force within 0 - 3.5%.

[0085] S5. According to the unlocking force control parameter group obtained from the final simulation, the unlocking bolt 1 is trial-produced, and the stress concentration coefficient K and the axial included angle corresponding relationship are obtained through tests. Specifically, the unlocking force control parameter group is adjusted to obtain the prediction table of K values (as shown in Table 1) at different included angles where 1.1 < K < 1.5.

[0086] Table 1 Prediction table of K values at different included angles

[0087]

[0088] Static tensile tests are carried out on the shear-type unlocking separation devices with different unlocking forces to obtain the corresponding relationship between the stress concentration coefficient K and the included angle in Table 1. When determining the unlocking force by the theoretical method , the stress concentration coefficient K is selected according to Table 1 or obtained by using the linear interpolation method according to formula (6). k value.

[0089] (6)

[0090] In the formula, K k represents the K value at , and i and j represent the lower and upper limits of the interval where the interpolation points are located.

[0091] Formula (6) is obtained by fitting with the least squares method through static tensile tests on the shear-type unlocking separation devices with different unlocking forces . The unlocking separation section 12 is sheared and fractured at the preset position in each test. The goodness of fit R 2 at the four groups of angles are 0.967, 0.976, 0.953, and 0.982 respectively, all of which are greater than 0.9.

[0092] Example

[0093] ​​The material for the unlocking and separation section 12 is Q960 high-strength steel, with an elastic modulus of 210 GPa and tensile strength of [missing information]. The pressure is 1100 MPa. The width h of the weakening groove 121 is 1 mm, and the included angle is... The angle is 65°, and the radius is 1 mm. It is 12.5mm, with an included angle. The angle is 45° and the diameter is 17mm; the high-strength filler 124 is a ceramic matrix composite material with an elastic modulus of 300GPa.

[0094] According to equations (1) to (4), the shear failure cross-sectional area of ​​the unlocked separation segment 12 is determined. It is 178.5mm 2 Material shear failure strength The stress concentration factor K is 1.21, and the pressure dispersion correction factor μ is 0.0014; the expected unlocking force of the shear-type unlocking and separation device is 770 MPa. It is 125.51 kN.

[0095] Four sets of static tensile tests can be performed on the shear-type unlocking and separating device using a universal testing machine. The test data curves are as follows: Figure 8 As shown, all unlocking and separating sections 12 fractured at preset positions, with maximum unlocking forces of 123.59 kN, 123.89 kN, 124.11 kN, and 124.56 kN, respectively. The errors between the experimental and theoretical values ​​were 1.53%, 1.29%, 1.12%, and 0.76%, respectively. Theoretical calculations can effectively predict the static tensile strength of the locking screw.

[0096] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shear-type unlocking and separating device, comprising an unlocking bolt (1), characterized in that, It also includes a shearing protective sleeve (2) and an auxiliary mechanism (3). The unlocking bolt (1) includes a first threaded section (11), an unlocking separation section (12), and a second threaded section (13) connected in sequence. The unlocking separation section (12) is provided with two weakening grooves (121) facing each other. The two weakening grooves (121) extend obliquely in the same direction. The ends of the two weakening grooves (121) that are close to each other are provided with through holes (122). The through holes (122) penetrate the unlocking separation section (12) radially. There is a gap between the two through holes (122). The angle between the axis of the weakening groove (121) and the axis of the unlocking separation section (12) is β, the angle between the line connecting the two through holes (122) and the radial line of the unlocking separation section (12) is α, and the ends of the two weakening grooves (121) that are far apart from each other are connected to the unlocking separation section (12); the weakening groove (121) is filled with high-strength filler (124). The shearing protective sleeve (2) is fitted onto the unlocking separation section (12), and the auxiliary mechanism (3) is threaded onto the second threaded section (13). The auxiliary mechanism (3) limits the position of the shearing protective sleeve (2) on the unlocking bolt (1).

2. The shear-type unlocking and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unlocking separation section (12) is square, and the weakening groove (121) is n-shaped and arranged on the unlocking separation section (12) in the direction, with the n-shaped openings of the two weakening grooves (121) arranged close to each other.

3. The shear-type unlocking and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary mechanism (3) includes a nylon washer (31), a flat washer (32), a conical washer (33), a spring washer (34), and a nut (35) arranged in sequence. The nylon washer (31) abuts against the shear protection sleeve (2), and the nut (35) is threadedly connected to the second threaded section (13).

4. The shear-type unlocking and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two weakening grooves (121) are axially offset from each other in the unlocking separation section (12).

5. A dynamic testing system, comprising a pressure tank (41), characterized in that, It also includes a simulated launch tube (45) installed on the pressure tank (41) via a transition flange (43), a simulated launch load (46) is provided inside the simulated launch tube (45), and a plurality of shear-type unlocking and separation devices as described in any one of claims 1-4 are provided through the transition flange (43) and the simulated launch tube (45). The first threaded section (11) of the shear-type unlocking and separation device is connected to the simulated launch load (46), and an axial tension sensor (44) is connected to the second threaded section (13). A butterfly valve (42) is provided between the pressure tank (41) and the transition flange (43).

6. A method for controlling the unlocking force of a shear-type unlocking and separating device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Calculate the unlocking force F of the unlocking separation section (12) based on the structural parameters of the weakening groove (121). N ; Step two, based on the calculated unlocking force F N Establish an unlocking force coupling model; Step 3: Initially determine the material and unlocking force control parameter set for the unlocking separation section (12), and take the correction coefficient value to correct the unlocking force F. N ; Step four: Establish a finite element dynamic model based on the initially determined unlocking force control parameter set, and apply a modified unlocking force F to the model. N Until the unlocking separation section (12) breaks; adjust the unlocking force control parameter group according to the simulation; Step 5: Produce the unlocking bolt (1) according to the unlocking force control parameter group obtained in Step 4; obtain the correspondence between stress concentration factor K and α, and generate a prediction table of K value under different included angles α.

7. The unlocking force control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step one, unlock force F N The expression is: ， In the formula, K is the stress concentration factor at the through hole (122); The shear force required to unlock the separation section (12), in N; μ is the stress dispersion correction factor for the high-strength packing (124); in, The expression is: ， In the formula, The shear failure strength of the material in the unlocked separation section (12) is expressed in MPa. The tensile strength of the material of the unlocking separation section (12) is expressed in MPa; The shear failure cross-sectional area of ​​the unlocked separation segment (12) is expressed in m². 2 ; The formula is determined as follows: ， In the formula, r is the radius of the through hole (122), in mm; d is the thickness of the unlocking separation section (12), in mm; The expression for μ is as follows: ， In the formula, E f E represents the elastic modulus of the high-strength filler (124), in GPa. b This represents the elastic modulus of the bolt material, expressed in GPa.

8. The unlocking force control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step three, the unlocking force F is corrected according to the following formula. N : ， The material of the initially selected unlocking and separation segment (12) is determined. Values, r is the radius of the through hole (122), in mm; d is the thickness of the unlocking separation section (12), in mm; E f E represents the elastic modulus of the high-strength filler (124), in GPa. b Let K be the elastic modulus of the bolt material, in GPa; take K=1, and correct the unlocking force F. N .

9. The unlocking force control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step four, a piecewise linear plasticity model is used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the material in the unlocking separation segment (12), and then the nominal stress-strain curve is obtained through static tensile test and converted into the real stress-strain curve. Then, a finite element mesh model is established based on the actual stress-strain curve.

10. The unlocking force control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The table below shows the predicted values ​​for the stress concentration factor K: 。

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