Fire whirlwind experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the technical field of fire scientific experiments, and provides a slit-adjustable and real-time dynamic measurement fire cyclone experiment device which comprises a fire cyclone main frame device, a movable fire cyclone experiment table, an electrical console and a real-time dynamic measurement support system. The fire cyclone main frame device drives movable glass to move along a high-precision linear guide rail through a servo electric cylinder, and dynamic sealing is ensured through an L-shaped metal baffle. The electrical console takes a PLC as a core and has multiple programmable operation modes. The real-time dynamic measurement support system can remotely adjust the spatial position of the sensor, and can be linked with the movable fire cyclone experiment table to realize automatic positioning and resetting. The problems that a traditional device is non-adjustable in slit, single in air inlet mode, poor in sealing performance, inconvenient to operate and the like are solved, and a high-controllability and high-repeatability experiment platform is provided for quantitative research of fire whirlwind.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire science experimental technology, and in particular relates to an adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement fire cyclone experimental device. Background Technology

[0002] Fire whirls are extreme fire behaviors that can occur in forest fires, urban fires, and industrial fires. Essentially, they are high-temperature vortex structures formed by the coupling of flames and intensely rotating airflow. Their core hazard lies in their extremely high energy concentration. Compared to ordinary spreading flames, fire whirls exhibit orders-of-magnitude increases in flame temperature, combustion rate, and flame height, and can rapidly ignite surrounding combustibles, producing "flying embers" that cause the fire to expand uncontrollably within a short period. Therefore, elucidating their formation mechanism, spread patterns, and energy release characteristics in a controlled laboratory setting is a scientific prerequisite for developing effective prevention and control technologies.

[0003] Currently, "naturally induced" devices are commonly used in laboratories. These devices guide airflow through specific structures (such as fixed slits), utilizing the buoyancy of the flame to naturally create a rotating flow field. Among these, the four-wall-slit device is widely used due to its simple structure and ease of construction. However, existing technologies (such as replaceable insert type) typically only offer limited, discrete slit width settings and must be manually preset before the experiment, making continuous, dynamic control impossible. Furthermore, the air intake mode is mostly fixed and symmetrical, making it difficult to simulate the asymmetric conditions in real fires. Simultaneously, traditional devices have shortcomings in terms of sealing, ease of operation, repeatability of experimental conditions, and convenience of measurement, making it difficult to meet the needs of quantitative and refined research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an experimental device for fire cyclone with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement, in order to solve the problems existing in the background art.

[0005] This invention is implemented as follows: a fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slits and real-time dynamic measurement. It quantifies and controls the applied circulation through independently adjustable vertical slits, and dynamically measures parameters such as internal flow field velocity, temperature distribution, and radiative heat flux within the fire cyclone in real time. The device includes a fire cyclone main frame, a mobile fire cyclone experimental platform, an electrical control console, and a real-time dynamic measurement support system.

[0006] The device directly and quantitatively controls the magnitude and distribution of the external circulation required to generate a fire cyclone by continuously and independently adjusting the width of the vertical slits on the four walls; at the same time, it synchronously acquires multi-dimensional data such as the flow field, temperature, and heat flux of the fire cyclone through a real-time dynamic measurement system, providing a complete experimental platform for the quantitative study of fire cyclones and the simulation of complex scenarios.

[0007] The main frame of the fire cyclone device constitutes the core cavity for fire cyclone generation. Its main frame is welded from stainless steel profiles, and the glass mounting base is welded from 304 stainless steel plates, ensuring the overall structural stability. The four observation windows of the device consist of fixed and movable glass, both made of 8mm tempered fireproof glass. By driving the horizontal displacement of the movable glass, the width of the vertical slit formed between adjacent movable glass panes can be continuously adjusted, thereby controlling the airflow and flow state entering the combustion zone.

[0008] In this device, the vertical slit is the only channel for external air to enter the combustion zone and form a rotating flow field. The slit width directly determines the air intake area per unit height. Under the same external conditions, a wider slit allows more air (greater mass flow rate) to enter. Adjusting the slit width is equivalent to directly and quantitatively controlling the external circulation applied to the fire cyclone.

[0009] Specifically, the upper and lower edges of the movable glass are both rigidly connected to a slider mounted on a high-precision linear guide rail via rigid connectors. The push rod of the servo electric cylinder is connected to the transmission mechanism of the slider, and is used to push the slider to make linear reciprocating motion along the high-precision linear guide rail, thereby smoothly and accurately moving the movable glass left and right, realizing continuous and automatic adjustment of the vertical slit width within the range of 0-950mm.

[0010] To ensure the airtightness of the device, the fire cyclone main frame device also includes a sealing structure. The sealing structure includes L-shaped metal baffles installed at the vertical joints between the fixed glass and the movable glass, and at the horizontal joints between the movable glass and the slider mounting base. The L-shaped metal baffles are fixed to the frame and cover the gaps along the moving trajectory of the movable glass, dynamically maintaining a seal as the movable glass changes position, effectively preventing uncontrolled air leakage.

[0011] The mobile fire cyclone test bench is used to carry fuel and measuring equipment. It is electrically driven and can move at a speed of 10 m / min. It can also completely detach from one side wall of the main fire cyclone frame, thus forming a fully open working passage with a width exceeding 1200 mm. This design facilitates the entry and exit of large equipment and allows experimental personnel to perform fuel arrangement, equipment installation, and maintenance work.

[0012] The electrical control console is used for centralized control and parameter adjustment of the device operation. Based on a programmable logic controller (PLC), the console can drive servo cylinders to precisely adjust the slit width and control the movement of the mobile fire cyclone experimental platform via a control panel or preset program. The console has four programmable operating modes: simultaneous opening / closing mode, single opening / closing mode, layered opening / closing mode, and single-sided overall opening / closing mode, enabling flexible simulation of intake conditions ranging from completely symmetrical to various asymmetrical conditions.

[0013] The independently adjustable width of the four-wall slits not only allows for adjustment of the circulation intensity (by simultaneously adjusting the width of the four sides), but also enables the creation of asymmetric circulation fields (through asymmetric adjustment), such as simulating real fire cyclones caused by crosswinds or uneven terrain.

[0014] The real-time dynamic measurement support system is used to remotely adjust the spatial distribution of measurement sensors during experiments. The system includes a precision mechanical structure with remotely adjustable height and radial position, and a conduit fixed to the central axis of the device. This system allows for the flexible and precise placement of sensors such as thermocouples and heat flow meters, supporting dynamic optimization and adjustment of measurement positions during experiments.

[0015] The real-time dynamic measurement support system can be equipped with sensors such as Pitot tubes, thermocouples, and radiation heat flux meters to measure the three-dimensional velocity distribution, axial temperature distribution, and radiation heat flux density of the flow field inside and around the fire cyclone in real time, thereby realizing dynamic quantitative analysis of the combustion characteristics, energy release, and flow field structure of the fire cyclone.

[0016] Furthermore, the real-time dynamic measurement support system is linked with the mobile fire cyclone experimental platform. When the mobile fire cyclone experimental platform moves to the experimental position, it triggers the automatic rotation of the vertical rod of the real-time dynamic measurement support system to enter the measurement area; after the experiment, the mobile fire cyclone experimental platform and the real-time dynamic measurement support system can be reset with one click.

[0017] The fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention, through the design of a movable glass wall and a servo drive system, enables independent, continuous, and precise adjustment of the width of the four slits within the range of 0-950mm. This allows for active control of the airflow and velocity entering the combustion zone, providing a foundation for studying the quantitative influence of slit width (flow field intensity) on fire cyclone generation and combustion characteristics.

[0019] The integrated PLC control system of this invention supports multiple programmable operation modes such as simultaneous, single-point, layered, and single-sided operation, and can flexibly simulate intake conditions from completely symmetrical to various asymmetrical conditions, significantly improving the realism of experimental simulation and the universality of research conclusions.

[0020] This invention employs a high-precision linear guide, a servo electric cylinder, and a limit sensor to form a closed-loop control system, ensuring high repeatability (accuracy ±0.04mm) and consistency in adjusting key parameters such as slit width, thus providing a guarantee for obtaining highly reliable and comparable experimental data.

[0021] This invention innovatively designs an electrically driven movable experimental platform that can be completely separated from the main frame, forming an open safety passage with a width of over 1000mm. This makes it possible for large lifting equipment to enter and exit, for the safe arrangement of fuel, and for the convenient installation and maintenance of measuring instruments, fundamentally improving the ease of operation and safety of the device.

[0022] In addition to the core adjustable slit, this invention employs multi-layered sealing treatment using metal baffles combined with high-performance sealing materials at all non-air-intake areas, including the vertical joint between the fixed and moving glass, and the horizontal joint connecting the moving glass and the drive mechanism. This design ensures that, except for the pre-designed four-wall slits, the rest of the device is completely airtight, thus strictly limiting the air intake source to the controllable slit channel. This fundamentally eliminates the interference of accidental air leakage on the experiment, ensuring the purity of the flow field environment and the reliability of the experimental results.

[0023] By continuously and independently adjusting the width of the vertical slits on the four walls, the magnitude and distribution of the external circulation required to generate the fire cyclone can be directly and quantitatively controlled. A hot-wire instrument is used to measure the inlet velocity at one slit of the fire cyclone device to accurately calculate the external circulation of the fire cyclone, providing a foundation for the quantitative study of the relationship between circulation and fire cyclone characteristics.

[0024] The independently adjustable slits on all four walls not only allow for adjustment of the circulation intensity but also enable the creation of asymmetric circulation fields. This simulates real fire cyclones affected by crosswinds or uneven terrain, such as unilaterally confined fire cyclones or tilted fire cyclones affected by crosswinds, greatly expanding the realism and complexity of experimental simulations.

[0025] By using a servo electric cylinder and a PLC control system, the slit width (i.e., circulation) can be continuously and dynamically changed according to a preset program, thereby simulating time-varying environments or studying the dynamic response process of fire cyclones to external disturbances, providing an experimental platform for more realistic scenario simulation in fire safety engineering.

[0026] By measuring the fuel mass loss rate and flame temperature distribution under different circulation conditions, a direct quantitative relationship between circulation and fire cyclone combustion intensity and heat release characteristics was established. Experiments show that with the increase of applied circulation, air entrainment is enhanced, combustion is more complete, leading to a faster fuel mass loss rate and a significant increase in flame temperature, directly quantifying the crucial role of circulation in enhanced combustion and energy release.

[0027] The study systematically investigated the macroscopic morphological parameters of flames (such as flame height, diameter, and tilt angle) and their dynamic stability (such as oscillation frequency and vortex core splitting behavior) as a function of circulation. By creating asymmetric circulation inputs, the study successfully simulated and reproduced complex fire scenarios such as flame tilting and adhesion near walls or under the influence of crosswinds, providing a reliable experimental benchmark for verifying the accuracy of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in simulating complex flow fields. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall effect of the self-induced fire cyclone generation device with adjustable slit width according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable glass assembly in this invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the movable experimental platform in this invention;

[0031] Figure 4 Details of the self-induced fire cyclone generator with adjustable slit width Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 5 Details of the self-induced fire cyclone generator with adjustable slit width Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 6 Details of the self-induced fire cyclone generator with adjustable slit width Figure 3 .

[0034] In the attached diagram: 1. Fixed glass; 2. Moving glass; 4. Servo electric cylinder; 5. Conduit; 6. L-shaped metal baffle; 7. Push rod; 8. High-precision linear guide rail; 9. Slider; 10. Mobile fire cyclone experimental platform; 11. Fire cyclone main frame device. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0036] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0037] This invention provides an experimental apparatus for fire cyclone with adjustable slits and real-time dynamic measurement. See also: Figures 1 to 6 The device mainly includes a fire cyclone main frame device 11, a mobile fire cyclone experimental platform 10, an electrical control console, and a real-time dynamic measurement support system.

[0038] 1. Fire Cyclone Main Frame Device 11

[0039] The main frame of the fire cyclone main frame device 11 is welded from stainless steel profiles, and the glass mounting base is welded from 304 stainless steel plates, resulting in a stable structure. The observation window of the device is mechanically fixed and consists of a fixed glass 1 and a movable glass 2, both of which are made of 8mm tempered fireproof glass. By driving the movable glass 2 to move horizontally, the width of the vertical slit formed between adjacent glass panes can be continuously adjusted.

[0040] Specifically, the upper and lower edges of the movable glass 2 are both rigidly connected to the slider 9 mounted on the high-precision linear guide rail 8 via rigid connectors. The push rod 7 of the servo electric cylinder 4 is connected to the transmission mechanism of the slider 9, pushing the slider 9 to perform linear reciprocating motion along the high-precision linear guide rail 8, thereby driving the movable glass 2 to move smoothly and accurately left and right, realizing continuous and automatic adjustment of the vertical slit width formed between adjacent fixed glass 1 and movable glass 2 within the range of 0-950mm.

[0041] L-shaped metal baffles 6 are installed at the vertical joint between the fixed glass 1 and the movable glass 2, and at the horizontal joint between the movable glass 2 and the mounting base of the slider 9. The L-shaped metal baffles 6 are fixed on the frame and cover the gaps on the glass movement track. They can dynamically maintain a seal as the glass position changes, effectively preventing the swirling flow field from weakening or the fire cyclone from failing to form due to air leakage.

[0042] 2. Mobile fire cyclone experimental platform 10

[0043] The mobile fire cyclone test bench 10 provides an accessible experimental space and carries fuel and measuring equipment. The mobile fire cyclone test bench 10 is electrically driven, allowing it to move rapidly at a speed of 10 m / min. This design allows the mobile fire cyclone test bench 10 to be completely separated from one side wall of the fire cyclone main frame, forming a fully open working passage with a width exceeding 1200 mm. This passage facilitates unimpeded access for equipment such as electric lifting platforms, and also allows experimental personnel to enter the device for fuel placement, instrument arrangement, and maintenance.

[0044] 3. Electrical control console

[0045] The electrical control console is used for centralized control and multi-mode adjustment of the device operation. It employs a control box based on a Siemens PLC to achieve centralized control of the device's operation. The console features four programmable operating modes: simultaneous opening / closing mode, single opening / closing mode, layered opening / closing mode, and single-sided overall opening / closing mode, meeting diverse experimental needs. All drives have reset functions and self-compensation calibration accuracy functions, ensuring the repeatability and accuracy of adjustment actions during long-term use.

[0046] 4. Real-time dynamic measurement support system

[0047] The real-time dynamic measurement support system adopts a precision mechanical structure with adjustable height and radial position, and is equipped with a conduit 5 fixed to the central axis. It can adjust the spatial distribution of various sensors such as thermocouples and heat flow meters in real time and flexibly according to measurement requirements while the experiment is ongoing.

[0048] Furthermore, the real-time dynamic measurement support system and the mobile fire cyclone experimental platform 10 are linked through a control system to form a collaborative operation system. The specific workflow is as follows:

[0049] At the start of the experiment, when the mobile fire cyclone test platform 10, carrying fuel, is pushed to the experimental position (center of the four walls), a trigger signal is activated, driving the vertical rod of the real-time dynamic measurement support system to automatically rotate 90° from the wall storage position to the core measurement area of ​​the fire cyclone.

[0050] After the experiment ends or the fuel is exhausted, the mobile fire cyclone test platform 10 will automatically retract with a single button operation via the electrical control console. At the same time, the vertical pole of the real-time dynamic measurement support system will automatically rotate 90° to reset and be flush against the curtain wall, making way for other equipment (such as large lifting platforms) without obstruction.

[0051] The slider 9 on the vertical rod of the real-time dynamic measurement support system can be driven by a motor to move vertically, realizing automated scanning measurement in the vertical direction. Combined with rotational linkage and radial displacement functions, the system can realize automated measurement of three-dimensional spatial grid points.

[0052] 5. Device Working Process

[0053] The core research functions of this device include:

[0054] Quantitative control of external circulation: The external circulation is directly controlled by adjusting the width of the vertical slit, and the circulation value is calculated by measuring the inlet velocity with a hot wire instrument.

[0055] Real-time dynamic measurement: Three-dimensional flow field velocity distribution is measured by Pitot tube, axial temperature distribution is measured by thermocouple, and heat flux density is measured by radiation heat flux meter;

[0056] Complex scenario simulation: By asymmetrically adjusting the slits to create an asymmetric circulation field, we can simulate real fire conditions such as crosswinds and terrain.

[0057] Time-varying response study: By programmatically adjusting the slit width, the dynamic response of fire cyclones to changes in external conditions is studied;

[0058] Establishing quantitative relationships: Studying the quantitative relationships between circulation and fuel mass loss rate, flame temperature, and flame morphology parameters.

[0059] Based on the above apparatus, a typical experimental procedure includes the following steps:

[0060] See Figure 4 Turn on the main power and start the electrical control panel. Observe the indicator lights on the control panel and check whether the PLC, servo drive, and sensors are powered on normally. Using the "Reset" function or manual mode on the control panel, reset all moving parts (moving glass 2, moving fire cyclone experimental platform 10) to their initial safe positions. Check the vertical gap between the fixed glass 1 and the moving glass 2, as well as the horizontal gap at the interface between the moving glass 2 and the frame, to ensure that the sealing strip is intact and effective, and to guarantee the airtightness of the device.

[0061] See Figure 1 Radial parameter measurement. Determine the thermocouple's measurement height and radial position according to the experimental plan. Secure the thermocouple in the predetermined position using clamps on a height-adjustable radially adjustable bracket. Central axial parameter measurement. Install the central axial conduit 5 along the central axis of the device. As needed, install a water-cooled heat flow meter, thermocouple, or other axial measurement probe using clamps on conduit 5. Properly arrange and connect the signal cables of all the above measuring instruments to the external data acquisition system.

[0062] Specific measurements include:

[0063] Flow field velocity measurement: A hot wire instrument is installed at the slit to measure the inlet velocity, which is used to calculate the applied circulation; a Pitot tube is placed inside the flow field to measure the three-dimensional velocity distribution;

[0064] Temperature measurement: A thermocouple array is arranged along the axial direction to measure the axial temperature distribution in the fire cyclone flow field;

[0065] Heat flow measurement: Place a radiation heat flow meter at an appropriate location to measure the heat flow density radiated by the fire cyclone to the surrounding environment.

[0066] See Figure 4Select the operating mode. Based on the experimental requirements (symmetrical or asymmetrical air intake research), select the corresponding programmable operating mode on the electrical control console interface, including simultaneous opening / closing mode, single opening / closing mode, layered opening / closing mode, and single-sided overall opening / closing mode; set the slit width by inputting the target slit width value on the control interface. The servo electric cylinder 4 will drive the moving glass 2 to move smoothly along the high-precision guide rail, and the limit sensor ensures that the movement is in place and achieves closed-loop control. The system automatically calibrates and displays the actual slit width, confirming that it matches the set value.

[0067] See Figure 3 Fuel preparation and placement. Activate the experimental platform's moving device via the electrical control console, completely separating it from one side wall of the main frame. Experimenters can then safely enter the apparatus using the lifting equipment. If the fuel is gaseous, install a dedicated burner suitable for gaseous fuels at the center of the apparatus. Connect the gas supply hose or rigid pipe from the flow controller outlet to the burner inlet. Set the required gaseous fuel volumetric flow rate or mass flow rate on the mass flow controller according to the experimental design. If the fuel is solid or liquid, precisely place the predetermined mass of solid fuel (e.g., a stack of wood) or liquid fuel at the designated location in the center of the experimental platform.

[0068] Ignite the fuel, start the data acquisition system, and begin recording.

[0069] During the experiment, the applied circulation was changed by adjusting the slit width, and the following parameters were recorded simultaneously:

[0070] Combustion characteristic parameters: fuel mass loss rate, flame temperature variation with circulation;

[0071] Flame morphology parameters: Flame height, diameter, tilt, and stability (oscillation, splitting) as a function of circulation;

[0072] Flow field parameters: three-dimensional velocity distribution, axial temperature distribution, and variation of radiative heat flux density with circulation.

[0073] Through the above measurements, we can:

[0074] Establish a direct quantitative relationship between circulation and the combustion intensity and heat release characteristics of fire cyclone;

[0075] The study investigates the macroscopic morphological parameters of flames and the variation of their dynamic stability with circulation.

[0076] Simulate complex flow field conditions in a real fire by using asymmetric circulation input;

[0077] To verify the accuracy of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in simulating complex flow fields.

[0078] Example of experimental research:

[0079] Symmetrical circulation study: By simultaneously adjusting the width of the four slits, the influence of circulation intensity on the combustion characteristics and flame morphology of fire cyclone was studied;

[0080] Asymmetric circulation simulation: By asymmetrically adjusting the slit width (such as unilateral adjustment), the fire vortex affected by crosswinds is simulated to study phenomena such as flame tilting and adhesion.

[0081] Time-varying circulation response: By continuously adjusting the slit width in a programmed manner, the dynamic response process of fire cyclones to changes in external conditions is studied;

[0082] Complex scene reproduction: By creating specific non-uniform and asymmetric cyclic input boundary conditions, simulate fire cyclones that closely resemble real-world scenarios (such as unilaterally confined fire cyclones and fire cyclones influenced by terrain).

[0083] This invention achieves high-precision, continuous, and proactive control of key parameters for fire cyclone generation. Through an innovative movable glass wall design and a servo-driven electric cylinder system, the width of the four air intake slits on all four sides of the device can be independently, continuously, and precisely adjusted within the range of 0-950 mm. The slit adjustment system employs a high-precision linear guide rail and limit sensors to form a closed-loop control system, coupled with servo drive, ensuring extremely high repeatability of the slit width setting in each experiment. This overcomes the inherent limitations of traditional fixed slit devices, enabling researchers to proactively and quantitatively study the influence of the slit width—a core structural parameter—on the combustion characteristics of fire cyclones, providing a crucial tool for quantitative mechanism research.

[0084] It possesses flexible experimental capabilities to simulate complex real-world fire scene air intake conditions. It integrates a multi-mode automatic control system centered on a PLC, supporting four programmable operating modes: simultaneous, single-point, layered, and single-surface. This design enables the device not only to achieve traditional symmetrical air intake but also to flexibly construct various asymmetrical air intake scenarios. This allows it to simulate the non-uniform flow field formed by terrain, obstacles, or wind direction in real fires, greatly expanding the boundaries of experimental research and the universality of its conclusions.

[0085] This invention solves the core challenges of accessibility and safety in operating large combustion devices. It innovatively employs an electrically driven, movable experimental platform and a separately removable side wall design. Together, these elements create a fully open, safe working passageway exceeding 1200mm in width, allowing researchers to conveniently and safely complete fuel placement, sensor installation, and equipment maintenance in a spacious area outside the device, significantly improving the efficiency and safety of experimental preparation.

[0086] This design ensures the dynamic airtightness and flow field stability of the apparatus under all operating conditions. L-shaped metal baffles are installed at the horizontal joints between the upper and lower ends of the moving glass 2 and the mounting surfaces of the frame guide rails. These baffles are fixed to the frame and cover the gaps along the glass's movement trajectory. This design adaptively maintains a sealed state as the moving glass 2 changes position, ensuring the airtightness of the apparatus across the entire operating range. This provides a crucial guarantee for the stable formation of the rotating flow field and the reliable generation of the fire cyclone, significantly improving the success rate and repeatability of the experiment.

[0087] This design achieves high flexibility and repeatability in the measurement system. The real-time dynamic measurement support system employs a precision mechanical structure with remotely adjustable height and radial position. Combined with a fixed conduit 5 on the central axis, it allows for flexible and precise adjustment of the spatial layout of measurement probes such as thermocouples and heat flow meters through program control. This design supports dynamic optimization and real-time adjustment of measurement positions during experiments, significantly improving measurement efficiency, data comparability, and the standardization of experimental procedures. It provides reliable support for refined and systematic synchronous measurement of multi-dimensional parameters of fire cyclones.

[0088] This device more effectively simulates the flow and combustion characteristics of fire cyclones in real fire scenarios. Its significantly smaller scale reduces the wall constraint effect, providing ample space for the full development of the rotating flow field and the spontaneous formation of turbulent structures. The resulting fire cyclones, in terms of vortex scale, turbulence intensity, buoyancy-driven convection, and interaction with the environment, more closely resemble the behavior of fire cyclones in real fires than those produced by smaller-scale experimental devices, greatly enhancing the realism of the experimental simulation and the credibility of extrapolating research conclusions to actual scenarios.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement, characterized in that, The adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement fire cyclone experimental device includes: The main frame device (11) of the fire cyclone includes an observation window composed of a fixed glass (1) and a movable glass (2). The movable glass (2) is driven by a drive mechanism to continuously adjust the width of the vertical slit formed between adjacent movable glass (2). A mobile fire cyclone test bench (10) is used to carry fuel and measuring equipment and can be separated from one side wall of the main frame of the fire cyclone to form an open working passage. An electrical control console is used for centralized control of the drive mechanism and the mobile fire cyclone experimental platform (10); A real-time dynamic measurement support system is used to remotely adjust the spatial distribution of measurement sensors during experiments; The device controls the external circulation applied to the fire cyclone by adjusting the width of the vertical slit, and synchronously acquires multidimensional parameters of the combustion flow field through the real-time dynamic measurement support system.

2. The fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes: The slider (9) is mounted on the high-precision linear guide rail (8), and the upper and lower edges of the movable glass (2) are fixed to the slider (9) through rigid connectors; The servo electric cylinder (4) has a push rod (7) connected to the transmission mechanism of the slider (9), which is used to push the slider (9) to make linear reciprocating motion along the high-precision linear guide rail (8) to control the adjustment of the vertical slit width.

3. The fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire cyclone main frame device (11) also includes a sealing structure, which includes: L-shaped metal baffle (6) is installed at the vertical joint between the fixed glass (1) and the movable glass (2), and at the horizontal joint between the movable glass (2) and the mounting base of the slider (9). The L-shaped metal baffle (6) covers the gaps in the moving trajectory of the moving glass (2) and is used to dynamically maintain a seal as the moving glass (2) moves.

4. The fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mobile fire cyclone experimental platform (10) is electrically driven and moves at a speed of 10 m / min. It is completely separated from one side wall of the fire cyclone main frame device (11) to form an open working channel with a width of more than 1200 mm.

5. The fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical control console is based on a PLC and has four programmable operating modes, including: simultaneous opening and closing mode, single opening and closing mode, layered opening and closing mode, and single-sided overall opening and closing mode.

6. The fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time dynamic measurement support system includes a structure with remotely adjustable height and radial position, and a conduit (5) fixed to the central axis. The conduit (5) is used to install and adjust the spatial distribution of thermocouples, heat flow meters and flow field velocity sensors.

7. The fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time dynamic measurement support system is linked with the mobile fire cyclone experimental platform (10); When the mobile fire cyclone test bench (10) moves to the test position, it triggers the vertical rod of the real-time dynamic measurement support system to automatically rotate and enter the measurement area; After the experiment is completed, the mobile fire cyclone test bench (10) and the real-time dynamic measurement support system are reset with one click.

8. The fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the fixed glass (1) and the movable glass (2) are made of 8mm tempered fireproof glass.

9. The fire cyclone experimental device with adjustable slit and real-time dynamic measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement sensor includes one or more of the following: a Pitot tube for measuring flow field velocity, a thermocouple array for measuring temperature distribution, and a heat flux meter for measuring radiative heat flux density.

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