Superconducting transmission line fault detection method based on superconducting and electromagnetic induction

Abstract

The invention discloses a superconducting power transmission line fault detection method based on superconducting and electromagnetic induction, and relates to the technical field of superconducting power transmission line fault detection, and the method comprises the steps: S10, collecting a magnetic field change time sequence of a target superconducting power transmission line at each layout position point in real time through an electromagnetic induction monitoring device; s20, constructing a reference data matrix; s30, extracting key feature vectors of the target superconducting power transmission line at each end point of the fault position section; s40, determining a fault positioning training set of the target superconducting power transmission line at each end point of the fault position section; s50, analyzing a fault positioning position point of the target superconducting power transmission line; s60, predicting the real-time fault index of the target superconducting power transmission line; and S70, carrying out operation and maintenance processing on the target superconducting power transmission line. According to the invention, the special properties of the target superconducting power transmission line are fully considered, and the limitation of a traditional fault detection method in the superconducting power transmission field is overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of superconducting transmission line fault detection technology, specifically a superconducting transmission line fault detection method based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous rise in energy demand and the increasing requirements for power transmission efficiency and stability, superconducting power transmission is gradually emerging as a highly promising technology. Superconducting transmission lines utilize the zero resistance and perfect diamagnetism of superconducting materials at low temperatures to achieve high-capacity, low-loss power transmission, effectively solving the energy loss and heat generation problems faced by traditional transmission lines during long-distance, high-capacity transmission.

[0003] However, fault detection and location in superconducting transmission lines are more complex and challenging than those in traditional transmission lines. Due to the special physical properties of superconducting materials, conventional transmission line fault detection methods based on changes in resistance, capacitance, and inductance, as well as the traveling wave method, are difficult to apply directly to superconducting transmission lines and cannot accurately and quickly detect and locate fault points. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fault detection method for superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction, so as to solve the problems proposed in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a fault detection method for superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction, the method comprising: S10: Several electromagnetic induction monitoring devices are deployed along the superconducting transmission line. When the superconducting transmission line is operating normally, the electromagnetic induction monitoring devices are used to collect the time sequence of magnetic field changes at each deployment location of the target superconducting transmission line in real time. S20: Integrate the time sequence of magnetic field changes to construct a reference data matrix corresponding to the magnetic field distribution state of the superconducting transmission line during normal operation; S30: Analyze the fault time of the target superconducting transmission line, and extract the key feature vectors of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location based on the benchmark data matrix corresponding to the magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault time. S40: Determine the fault location training set at each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment; S50: Analyze and locate the fault location of the target superconducting transmission line; S60: Based on the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at each fault location point, predict the real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line; S70: Based on the real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line, select whether to notify maintenance personnel to carry out maintenance on the target superconducting transmission line.

[0006] Furthermore, S10 includes: S101: Acquire the erection trajectory of the target superconducting transmission line and mark the starting point, towers along the line, and key nodes on the erection trajectory. The key nodes include the inlet and outlet of the cooling system and the high-current connector. Install the electromagnetic induction monitoring device at the three-dimensional spatial position corresponding to each marked point on the erection trajectory. The electromagnetic induction monitoring device consists of a high-sensitivity magnetic field sensor (such as a Hall sensor or fluxgate sensor), a signal conditioning circuit, a microcontroller, and a wireless communication module. The magnetic field sensor is used to sense minute changes in the magnetic field around the superconducting transmission line in real time and convert them into electrical signals. The signal conditioning circuit is used to amplify and filter the electrical signals output by the magnetic field sensor to meet the acquisition requirements of the microcontroller. The microcontroller is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion and preliminary data processing on the processed electrical signals. Preliminary data processing refers to converting the electrical signals obtained after analog-to-digital conversion into magnetic field strength values ​​and sending the data to the data processing center through the wireless communication module. The communication protocols used by the wireless communication module include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 5G, or a wireless data transmission module of a specific frequency band. S102: Obtain the predetermined installation spacing of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device. If the distance between adjacent marker points is greater than the installation spacing, then install an additional electromagnetic induction monitoring device on the erection track between adjacent marker points according to the predetermined installation spacing. The number of additional electromagnetic induction monitoring devices = the value obtained by rounding up the ratio of the distance between adjacent marker points to the installation spacing. Specifically, the predetermined installation spacing of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device can be 10 meters. S103: Using an electromagnetic induction monitoring device installed on the erection track of the target superconducting transmission line, real-time data is collected on the electromagnetic induction monitoring device at the target superconducting transmission line. Magnetic field change time sequence at each installation location , ,in, This indicates that the installation locations of each electromagnetic induction monitoring device installed on the target superconducting transmission line are numbered according to the line's erection direction. This indicates the total number of electromagnetic induction monitoring devices installed. This indicates the number of times the electromagnetic induction monitoring device monitors the magnetic field strength. Indicates that it is installed in the first Electromagnetic induction monitoring device at the installation location. The magnetic field strength value detected this time.

[0007] The method for detecting faults in superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction according to claim 2, characterized in that: step S20 includes: acquiring the fault information of the target superconducting transmission line in the electromagnetic induction monitoring device. Magnetic field change time sequence at each installation location And the target superconducting transmission line in the electromagnetic induction monitoring device Magnetic field change time sequence at each installation location Using the Pearson correlation coefficient calculation formula, the time series of magnetic field changes was analyzed. and magnetic field change time series Correlation coefficient between Perform calculations. ,in, Indicating the time series of magnetic field changes and magnetic field change time series Covariance between Indicating the time series of magnetic field changes and magnetic field change time series By examining the standard deviation between the two locations, and iterating through the magnetic field change time series of all adjacent electromagnetic induction monitoring device installation locations, a baseline data matrix corresponding to the magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line during normal operation is obtained. , .

[0008] Furthermore, S30 includes: S301: Calculate the cosine similarity between the data matrix corresponding to the real-time magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line and the reference data matrix. If the calculated cosine similarity is less than the set threshold, it indicates that the target transmission line has a fault at this moment. If the calculated cosine similarity is greater than or equal to the set threshold, it indicates that the target transmission line has not a fault at this moment. Once a superconducting transmission line has a fault, for example, if the superconducting material loses its superconducting properties due to overheating, mechanical stress or other factors and transforms into a normal resistive state, the current distribution at the fault point will change drastically, which will lead to a significant change in the surrounding magnetic field. By utilizing the magnetic field change characteristics of the superconducting material, the accurate location of the fault point can be further determined so that maintenance measures can be taken in time to restore the normal operation of the superconducting transmission line, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional fault detection methods in the field of superconducting power transmission. S302: When a fault occurs in the target transmission line, the data matrix corresponding to the real-time magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line is compared element-by-element with the reference data matrix, and the absolute value of the difference is calculated. Based on the relationship between the calculated absolute value of the difference and the error coefficient, the fault location segment of the target superconducting transmission line is initially determined. The fault location segment is used to represent the section of the target superconducting transmission line that is erected, represented by the index of the element corresponding to the difference greater than the error coefficient. Specifically, let the elements in the reference data matrix... Elements in the data matrix corresponding to the real-time magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line With an error coefficient of 0.1, the difference is |0.7 - 0.4| = 0.3. At this point, the element corresponding to the difference of 0.3... The subscripts represent the following line segments of the target superconducting transmission line: the line segment between the second and third installation points of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device; the line segment between the second and third installation points of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device is the fault location segment of the target superconducting transmission line. S303: Obtain the time sequence of magnetic field changes at each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment, where the endpoints of the fault location segment represent the installation locations of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device. Extract the key feature vectors of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment. Specifically, assume that the endpoints of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment include the second and third installation locations of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device. Assume that the obtained time sequence of magnetic field changes at each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment is as follows: , , , The key feature vector of the target superconducting transmission line at the second installation location of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device is then... Key feature vector of the target superconducting transmission line at the third installation location of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device ,in, , These represent the rates of change of magnetic field strength at the third and second installation locations of the target superconducting transmission line on the electromagnetic induction monitoring device, respectively. , These numbers represent the types of magnetic field direction changes at the second and third installation locations of the target superconducting transmission line on the electromagnetic induction monitoring device.

[0009] Furthermore, S40 includes: matching the historical key feature vectors of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment with the historical fault types of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment to obtain a fault location training set for each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment. Specifically, the samples in the fault location training set can be represented as follows: ,in, This indicates the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at the second installation location of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device.

[0010] Furthermore, S50 includes: randomly selecting an endpoint of the fault location segment, denoting the fault location training set of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint as the selected fault location training set, calculating the Euclidean distance between each sample in the selected fault location training set and the real-time key feature vector of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint, sorting them according to the increasing relationship of the Euclidean distance, obtaining the m fault location training samples with the smallest Euclidean distance, and taking the fault type with the highest frequency among the m fault location samples as the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint; When the fault type at the selected endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line is a specific type of fault, the selected endpoint is used as the fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line. When the fault type at the selected endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line is not a specific type of fault, the selected endpoint is not used as the fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line. The specific type of fault includes overheating of the target superconducting transmission line, mechanical stress, interference from external strong magnetic fields, or inherent defects. The fault types of the target superconducting transmission line also include conventional conductor overheating faults. By updating the fault location training samples, the prediction accuracy of fault types can be improved.

[0011] Furthermore, S60 includes: S601: Obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line on the erection trajectory, calculate the Euclidean distance between two adjacent fault location points, sum all calculated Euclidean distances, calculate the ratio between the summation result and the total number of calculated Euclidean distances, calculate the standard deviation based on the calculated ratio and the Euclidean distance between adjacent fault location points, and calculate the ratio between the standard deviation and the calculated ratio to obtain the dispersion index of each fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line on the erection trajectory. S602: Obtain the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at each fault location point, determine the hazard value corresponding to each fault location point in the target superconducting transmission line, sum all the determined hazard values, calculate the ratio between the summation result and the total number of fault location points in the target superconducting transmission line, and obtain the hazard score of the target superconducting transmission line. Specifically, the hazard value of overheating of the target superconducting transmission line can be set to 3, and the hazard value of mechanical stress in the target superconducting transmission line can be set to 4. Constructing a fault level assessment model for target superconducting transmission lines , The real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line, where represents the dispersion index of each fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line on the erection trajectory. This indicates the hazard score of the target superconducting transmission line. Indicated by an exponential function with base and .

[0012] Furthermore, S70 includes: comparing the real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line with the fault operation and maintenance threshold; if the real-time fault index is greater than or equal to the fault operation and maintenance threshold, then the operation and maintenance personnel are notified to carry out operation and maintenance work on the target superconducting transmission line; if the real-time fault index is less than the fault operation and maintenance threshold, then there is no need to notify the operation and maintenance personnel to carry out operation and maintenance work on the target superconducting transmission line. Specifically, the fault operation and maintenance index can be 0.5.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention is based on the electromagnetic induction principle of the target superconducting transmission line. It constructs a reference data matrix and a data matrix for the target superconducting transmission line during normal operation and fault operation, respectively. Based on the constructed data matrix, it preliminarily analyzes the fault location segment of the target superconducting transmission line. Combined with the extracted key feature vectors of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment, it predicts the fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line. Based on the fault type and dispersion of each fault location point, it predicts the real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line, so as to realize the timely operation and maintenance of the target superconducting transmission line. This effectively avoids long-term power outages and large-scale power system failures caused by inaccurate fault location of the target superconducting transmission line, and improves the reliability and stability of power supply.

[0014] 2. The electromagnetic induction monitoring device used in this invention does not require direct electrical connection with the superconducting transmission line. It uses a non-invasive magnetic field induction method for fault detection, which will not interfere with the normal operation of the superconducting transmission line, thus ensuring the safety and stability of the superconducting transmission system. At the same time, it also reduces the difficulty and cost of equipment installation and maintenance.

[0015] 3. This invention fully considers the special properties of the target superconducting transmission line, overcomes the limitations of traditional fault detection methods in the field of superconducting power transmission, and provides reliable technical support for the large-scale application of superconducting power transmission technology. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the workflow of the superconducting transmission line fault detection method based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example: Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a technical solution for a fault detection method for superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction. The method includes: S10: Several electromagnetic induction monitoring devices are deployed along the superconducting transmission line. When the superconducting transmission line is operating normally, the electromagnetic induction monitoring devices are used to collect the time sequence of magnetic field changes at each deployment location of the target superconducting transmission line in real time. S10 includes: S101: Acquire the erection trajectory of the target superconducting transmission line and mark the starting point, towers along the line, and key nodes on the erection trajectory. Key nodes include the inlet and outlet of the cooling system and high-current connectors. Install the electromagnetic induction monitoring device at the three-dimensional spatial position corresponding to each marked point on the erection trajectory. The electromagnetic induction monitoring device consists of a high-sensitivity magnetic field sensor (such as a Hall sensor or fluxgate sensor), a signal conditioning circuit, a microcontroller, and a wireless communication module. The magnetic field sensor is used to sense minute changes in the magnetic field around the superconducting transmission line in real time and convert them into electrical signals. The signal conditioning circuit is used to amplify and filter the electrical signals output by the magnetic field sensor to meet the acquisition requirements of the microcontroller. The microcontroller is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion and preliminary data processing on the processed electrical signals. Preliminary data processing refers to converting the electrical signals obtained after analog-to-digital conversion into magnetic field strength values ​​and sending the data to the data processing center through the wireless communication module. The communication protocols used by the wireless communication module include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 5G, or wireless data transmission modules of specific frequency bands. S102: Obtain the predetermined installation spacing of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device. If the distance between adjacent marker points is greater than the installation spacing, then install an additional electromagnetic induction monitoring device on the erection track between adjacent marker points according to the predetermined installation spacing. The number of additional electromagnetic induction monitoring devices = the value obtained by rounding up the ratio of the distance between adjacent marker points to the installation spacing. Specifically, the predetermined installation spacing of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device can be 10 meters. S103: Using an electromagnetic induction monitoring device installed on the erection track of the target superconducting transmission line, real-time data is collected on the electromagnetic induction monitoring device at the target superconducting transmission line. Magnetic field change time sequence at each installation location , ,in, This indicates that the installation locations of each electromagnetic induction monitoring device installed on the target superconducting transmission line are numbered according to the line's erection direction. This indicates the total number of electromagnetic induction monitoring devices installed. This indicates the number of times the electromagnetic induction monitoring device monitors the magnetic field strength. Indicates that it is installed in the first Electromagnetic induction monitoring device at the installation location. The magnetic field strength value detected this time; S20: Integrate the time sequence of magnetic field changes to construct a reference data matrix corresponding to the magnetic field distribution state of the superconducting transmission line during normal operation; S20 includes: acquiring the target superconducting transmission line in the electromagnetic induction monitoring device. Magnetic field change time sequence at each installation location And the target superconducting transmission line in the electromagnetic induction monitoring device Magnetic field change time sequence at each installation location Using the Pearson correlation coefficient calculation formula, the time series of magnetic field changes was analyzed. and magnetic field change time series Correlation coefficient between Perform calculations. ,in, Indicating the time series of magnetic field changes and magnetic field change time series Covariance between Indicating the time series of magnetic field changes and magnetic field change time series By examining the standard deviation between the two locations, and iterating through the magnetic field change time series of all adjacent electromagnetic induction monitoring device installation locations, a baseline data matrix corresponding to the magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line during normal operation is obtained. , ; S30: Analyze the fault time of the target superconducting transmission line, and extract the key feature vectors of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location based on the benchmark data matrix corresponding to the magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault time. S30 includes: S301: Calculate the cosine similarity between the data matrix corresponding to the real-time magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line and the reference data matrix. If the calculated cosine similarity is less than the set threshold, it indicates that the target transmission line has a fault at this moment. If the calculated cosine similarity is greater than or equal to the set threshold, it indicates that the target transmission line has not a fault at this moment. Once a superconducting transmission line has a fault, for example, if the superconducting material loses its superconducting properties due to overheating, mechanical stress or other factors and transforms into a normal resistive state, the current distribution at the fault point will change drastically, which will lead to a significant change in the surrounding magnetic field. S302: When a fault occurs in the target transmission line, the data matrix corresponding to the real-time magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line is compared element-by-element with the reference data matrix, and the absolute value of the difference is calculated. Based on the relationship between the calculated absolute value of the difference and the error coefficient, the fault location segment of the target superconducting transmission line is initially determined. The fault location segment is used to represent the section of the target superconducting transmission line that is erected, represented by the index of the element corresponding to the difference greater than the error coefficient. Specifically, let the elements in the reference data matrix... Elements in the data matrix corresponding to the real-time magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line With an error coefficient of 0.1, the difference is |0.7 - 0.4| = 0.3. At this point, the element corresponding to the difference of 0.3... The subscripts represent the following line segments of the target superconducting transmission line: the line segment between the second and third installation points of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device; the line segment between the second and third installation points of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device is the fault location segment of the target superconducting transmission line. S303: Obtain the time series of magnetic field changes at each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment. The endpoints of the fault location segment represent the installation locations of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device. Extract the key feature vectors of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment. Specifically, assume that the endpoints of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment include the second and third installation locations of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device. Assume that the obtained time series of magnetic field changes at each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment are as follows: , , , The key feature vector of the target superconducting transmission line at the second installation location of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device is then... Key feature vector of the target superconducting transmission line at the third installation location of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device ,in, , These represent the rates of change of magnetic field strength at the third and second installation locations of the target superconducting transmission line on the electromagnetic induction monitoring device, respectively. , These numbers represent the types of magnetic field direction changes at the second and third installation locations of the target superconducting transmission line on the electromagnetic induction monitoring device, respectively. S40: Determine the fault location training set at each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment; S40 includes: matching the historical key feature vectors of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment with the historical fault types of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment to obtain the fault location training set of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment. Specifically, the samples in the fault location training set can be represented as: ,in, This indicates the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at the second installation location of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device.

[0019] S50: Analyze and locate the fault location of the target superconducting transmission line; S50 includes: randomly selecting an endpoint of the fault location segment, denoting the fault location training set of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint as the selected fault location training set; calculating the Euclidean distance between each sample in the selected fault location training set and the real-time key feature vector of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint; sorting the samples according to the increasing relationship of the Euclidean distance; obtaining the m fault location training samples with the smallest Euclidean distance; taking the fault type with the highest frequency among the m fault location samples as the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint; when the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint is a specific type of fault, the selected endpoint is taken as the fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line; when the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint is not a specific type of fault, the selected endpoint is not taken as the fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line. The specific type of fault includes overheating of the target superconducting transmission line, mechanical stress, interference from external strong magnetic fields, or inherent defects, etc. The fault types of the target superconducting transmission line also include conventional conductor overheating faults, etc. S60: Based on the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at each fault location point, predict the real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line; The S60 includes: S601: Obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line on the erection trajectory, calculate the Euclidean distance between two adjacent fault location points, sum all calculated Euclidean distances, calculate the ratio between the summation result and the total number of calculated Euclidean distances, calculate the standard deviation based on the calculated ratio and the Euclidean distance between adjacent fault location points, and calculate the ratio between the standard deviation and the calculated ratio to obtain the dispersion index of each fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line on the erection trajectory. S602: Obtain the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at each fault location point, determine the hazard value corresponding to each fault location point in the target superconducting transmission line, sum all the determined hazard values, calculate the ratio between the summation result and the total number of fault location points in the target superconducting transmission line, and obtain the hazard score of the target superconducting transmission line. Specifically, the hazard value of overheating of the target superconducting transmission line can be set to 3, and the hazard value of mechanical stress in the target superconducting transmission line can be set to 4. Constructing a fault level assessment model for target superconducting transmission lines , The real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line, among which, This represents the dispersion index of each fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line on the erection trajectory. This indicates the hazard score of the target superconducting transmission line. Indicated by an exponential function with base and ; S70: Based on the real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line, select whether to notify maintenance personnel to carry out maintenance on the target superconducting transmission line; S70 includes: comparing the real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line with the fault operation and maintenance threshold; if the real-time fault index is greater than or equal to the fault operation and maintenance threshold, then the operation and maintenance personnel are notified to carry out operation and maintenance work on the target superconducting transmission line; if the real-time fault index is less than the fault operation and maintenance threshold, then it is not necessary to notify the operation and maintenance personnel to carry out operation and maintenance work on the target superconducting transmission line. Specifically, the fault operation and maintenance index can be 0.5.

[0020] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for fault detection of superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction, characterized in that: The method includes: S10: Several electromagnetic induction monitoring devices are deployed along the superconducting transmission line. When the superconducting transmission line is operating normally, the electromagnetic induction monitoring devices are used to collect the time sequence of magnetic field changes at each deployment location of the target superconducting transmission line in real time. S20: Integrate the time sequence of magnetic field changes to construct a reference data matrix corresponding to the magnetic field distribution state of the superconducting transmission line during normal operation; S30: Analyze the fault time of the target superconducting transmission line, and extract the key feature vectors of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location based on the benchmark data matrix corresponding to the magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault time. S40: Determine the fault location training set at each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment; S50: Analyze and locate the fault location of the target superconducting transmission line; S60: Based on the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at each fault location point, predict the real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line; S70: Based on the real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line, select whether to notify maintenance personnel to carry out maintenance on the target superconducting transmission line.

2. The method for fault detection of superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction according to claim 1, characterized in that: S10 includes: S101: Obtain the erection trajectory of the target superconducting transmission line, and mark the starting end, towers along the line, and key nodes on the erection trajectory. The key nodes include the inlet and outlet of the cooling system and the high current connector. Install the electromagnetic induction monitoring device at the three-dimensional spatial position corresponding to each marked point on the erection trajectory. S102: Obtain the predetermined installation spacing of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device. If the distance between adjacent marker points is greater than the installation spacing, then install an additional electromagnetic induction monitoring device on the erection track between adjacent marker points according to the predetermined installation spacing. S103: The electromagnetic induction monitoring device installed on the erection track of the target superconducting transmission line collects the time sequence of magnetic field changes at each installation location of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device on the target superconducting transmission line in real time.

3. The method for fault detection of superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction according to claim 2, characterized in that: S20 includes: acquiring the magnetic field change time series of the target superconducting transmission line at the installation locations of two adjacent electromagnetic induction monitoring devices, calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two magnetic field change time series, traversing the magnetic field change time series of all adjacent electromagnetic induction monitoring device installation locations, and obtaining the reference data matrix corresponding to the magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line during normal operation.

4. The method for detecting faults in superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction according to claim 3, characterized in that: S30 includes: S301: Calculate the cosine similarity between the data matrix corresponding to the real-time magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line and the reference data matrix. If the calculated cosine similarity is less than a set threshold, it indicates that the target transmission line has a fault at this moment; if the calculated cosine similarity is greater than or equal to the set threshold, it indicates that the target transmission line has not a fault at this moment. S302: When a fault occurs in the target transmission line at this moment, the data matrix corresponding to the real-time magnetic field distribution state of the target superconducting transmission line is compared element by element with the reference data matrix and the absolute value of the difference is calculated. Based on the relationship between the calculated absolute value of the difference and the error coefficient, the fault location segment of the target superconducting transmission line is initially determined. The fault location segment is used to represent the line segment of the target superconducting transmission line represented by the subscript of the element corresponding to the difference greater than the error coefficient. S303: Obtain the time sequence of magnetic field changes at each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment, wherein the endpoints of the fault location segment represent the installation locations of the electromagnetic induction monitoring device, and extract the key feature vectors of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment.

5. The method for fault detection of superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction according to claim 4, characterized in that: S40 includes: matching the historical key feature vectors of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment with the historical fault types of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment to obtain the fault location training set of each endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line at the fault location segment.

6. The method for fault detection of superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction according to claim 5, characterized in that: S50 includes: randomly selecting an endpoint of the fault location segment, denoting the fault location training set of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint as the selected fault location training set, calculating the Euclidean distance between each sample in the selected fault location training set and the real-time key feature vector of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint, sorting them according to the increasing relationship of the Euclidean distance, obtaining the m fault location training samples with the smallest Euclidean distance, and taking the fault type with the highest frequency among the m fault location samples as the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at the selected endpoint; When the fault type at the selected endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line is a specific type of fault, the selected endpoint will be used as the fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line. When the fault type at the selected endpoint of the target superconducting transmission line is not a specific type of fault, the selected endpoint will not be used as the fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line. The specific type of fault includes overheating of the target superconducting transmission line, mechanical stress, interference from external strong magnetic fields, or inherent defects.

7. The method for fault detection of superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S60 includes: S601: Obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line on the erection trajectory, calculate the Euclidean distance between two adjacent fault location points, sum all calculated Euclidean distances, calculate the ratio between the summation result and the total number of calculated Euclidean distances, calculate the standard deviation based on the calculated ratio and the Euclidean distance between adjacent fault location points, and calculate the ratio between the standard deviation and the calculated ratio to obtain the dispersion index of each fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line on the erection trajectory. S602: Obtain the fault type of the target superconducting transmission line at each fault location point, determine the hazard value corresponding to each fault location point in the target superconducting transmission line, sum all the determined hazard values, calculate the ratio between the summation result and the total number of fault location points in the target superconducting transmission line, and obtain the hazard score of the target superconducting transmission line. Constructing a fault level assessment model for target superconducting transmission lines , The real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line, among which, This represents the dispersion index of each fault location point of the target superconducting transmission line on the erection trajectory. This indicates the hazard score of the target superconducting transmission line. Indicated by an exponential function with base and .

8. The method for fault detection of superconducting transmission lines based on superconductivity and electromagnetic induction according to claim 7, characterized in that: S70 includes: comparing the real-time fault index of the target superconducting transmission line with the fault operation and maintenance threshold; if the real-time fault index is greater than or equal to the fault operation and maintenance threshold, then the operation and maintenance personnel are notified to carry out operation and maintenance work on the target superconducting transmission line; if the real-time fault index is less than the fault operation and maintenance threshold, then it is not necessary to notify the operation and maintenance personnel to carry out operation and maintenance work on the target superconducting transmission line.

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