Intelligent evaluation method for nutritional status of children with leukemia during chemotherapy period

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of health assessment, in particular to a leukemia child chemotherapy period nutrition state intelligent evaluation method. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the daily weight, muscle mass, fat mass and nutritional intake of the child in the chemotherapy period; determining the absorption capacity coefficient based on the change of nutritional intake and weight; determining the reserve capacity coefficient of the nutrition intake conversion into effective reserves in the period based on the change of muscle mass and fat mass of adjacent days in the period; combining the absorption capacity coefficient and the reserve capacity coefficient to determine the nutrition state index; then determining the nutrition evaluation coefficient according to the nutrition state index of all periods before the current time in the chemotherapy period; and performing risk analysis based on the nutrition evaluation coefficient. The present application can more comprehensively and reliably evaluate the nutrition state of the child in the chemotherapy period, and improve the accuracy of nutrition state evaluation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of health assessment technology, specifically to an intelligent assessment method for the nutritional status of children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Background Technology

[0002] Leukemia is the most common malignant tumor in children, a malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells. Chemotherapy is currently a common clinical treatment for leukemia, and aggressive treatment can prolong the survival period of children and benefit them. However, while chemotherapy kills tumor cells, it also inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of normal cells and damages the intestinal mucosa (such as the shedding of intestinal epithelial cells), leading to a decrease in the absorption efficiency of nutrients (especially protein, fat, and vitamins). If not assessed and intervened in time, it may rapidly develop into malnutrition, manifested as rapid weight loss, muscle atrophy, and low immunity, directly affecting treatment tolerance.

[0003] Current technology typically uses Body Mass Index (BMI) to reflect the nutritional status of children with leukemia. BMI indirectly reflects the overall reserves and development of body tissues (muscle, fat, bones, etc.) through the correlation between weight and height. However, children with leukemia may experience drastic weight fluctuations during chemotherapy, especially weight loss, which does not fully reflect their nutritional status. This is because chemotherapy drugs can cause loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., directly affecting the child's food intake and digestive absorption. Therefore, relying solely on a single factor to assess nutritional status reduces the accuracy of nutritional status assessment in children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problem that relying solely on a single element to assess nutritional status reduces the accuracy of nutritional status assessment in children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy, this invention provides an intelligent assessment method for the nutritional status of children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows: This invention proposes an intelligent assessment method for the nutritional status of children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy, the method comprising: Obtain daily weight, muscle mass, fat mass, and nutritional intake of children undergoing chemotherapy; determine the degree of weight fluctuation in each time period based on daily weight changes, with each time period including at least two days; By combining the trends and similarities in daily nutrient intake and weight changes over a period of time, the degree of consistency between nutrient intake and weight over that period of time is determined. By combining the degree of consistency with the degree of weight fluctuation, the nutrient absorption capacity coefficient for that period of time is determined. Based on the changes in muscle mass and fat mass between adjacent days within a time period, the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutrient intake into effective reserves during that time period is determined; combined with the absorption capacity coefficient and the reserve capacity coefficient of that time period, the nutritional status index of that time period is determined. Based on the nutritional status indicators of all time periods before the current chemotherapy period, a nutritional assessment coefficient is determined, and a risk analysis is conducted based on the nutritional assessment coefficient.

[0005] Furthermore, determining the degree of weight fluctuation for each time period based on daily weight changes includes: The standard deviation of body weight for all days within the calculation period is normalized to represent the degree of weight fluctuation.

[0006] Furthermore, the determination of the consistency between daily nutrient intake and weight over a given period, based on the trends and similarities in these trends, includes: The nutritional intake of all days within the time period is arranged in chronological order to form an intake sequence, and the weight of all days within the time period is arranged in chronological order to form a weight sequence. The least squares method was used to fit linear sequences to the intake sequence and the weight sequence respectively, and the slope of the corresponding fitted line was obtained. The absolute value of the difference between the slopes of the fitted lines of the intake sequence and the weight sequence was normalized and used as the consistency coefficient of the change trend. Based on the dynamic time warping algorithm, the DTW values ​​of the intake sequence and weight sequence are calculated, and the negative of the DTW value is normalized as the variation similarity coefficient. Calculate the product of the trend consistency coefficient and the similarity consistency coefficient, and normalize it to obtain the degree of consistency.

[0007] Furthermore, the determination of the nutrient absorption capacity coefficient over a given period, combining the degree of consistency and the degree of weight fluctuation, includes: The difference between the degree of consistency and the degree of weight fluctuation was calculated and normalized to form the absorption capacity coefficient.

[0008] Furthermore, the determination of the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutrient intake into effective reserves based on changes in muscle mass and fat mass on adjacent days within a time period includes: The difference in muscle mass between the day before and the day after two consecutive days within the same time period is calculated and used as an indicator of muscle difference between the corresponding adjacent days. The difference in fat mass between the day before and the day after two consecutive days within a given time period is used as an indicator of fat difference between the corresponding adjacent days. Based on the values ​​of muscle and fat difference indices, the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutrient intake into effective reserves during a given period is determined.

[0009] Furthermore, determining the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutrient intake into effective reserves during a given time period based on the values ​​of muscle and fat difference indices includes: The number of consecutive days in which both muscle difference index and fat difference index are greater than 0 is taken as the overlap number. The ratio of the overlap number to the number of consecutive days in the time period is calculated as the overlap weight. The sum of all muscle difference indices was normalized to obtain the muscle growth coefficient; the sum of all fat difference indices was normalized to obtain the fat growth coefficient; the mean of the muscle growth coefficient and the fat growth coefficient was calculated as the growth weight. Calculate the product of the overlap weight and the growth weight, and use it as the reserve capacity coefficient.

[0010] Furthermore, the determination of nutritional status indicators for a given period by combining the absorption capacity coefficient and the storage capacity coefficient for that period includes: The product of the absorption capacity coefficient and the storage capacity coefficient is calculated and normalized to serve as a nutritional status indicator.

[0011] Furthermore, determining the nutritional assessment coefficient based on nutritional status indicators from all time periods prior to the current chemotherapy session includes: Nutritional status indicators for all time periods during chemotherapy are arranged in chronological order to form a status sequence; The time period in which consecutive adjacent nutritional status indicators within the state sequence are greater than a preset state threshold is defined as the state improvement period. The nutritional assessment coefficient is determined based on the percentage of duration of periods of improved status across all periods, and the nutritional status indicators of the number of periods closest to the current preset target.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of preset targets is four. Nutritional assessment coefficients are determined based on the proportion of the duration of the period of improved status across all periods, and the nutritional status indicators of the number of preset target periods closest to the current time. These coefficients include: The four time periods closest to the current time are used as reference time periods. The mean of all nutritional status indicators within the reference time periods is calculated and used as the reference evaluation coefficient. The percentage of time periods during which the condition improved across all time periods was used as the improvement evaluation coefficient; Calculate the product of the reference assessment coefficient and the improvement assessment coefficient, and normalize it to obtain the nutritional assessment coefficient.

[0013] Furthermore, risk analysis is conducted based on nutritional assessment coefficients, including: When the nutritional assessment coefficient is less than a preset assessment threshold, a nutritional risk warning is issued.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: In this embodiment of the invention, compared to existing technologies that only analyze and assess nutritional status based on weight changes, which cannot fully reflect the true nutritional status, the nutritional status of the child is assessed by combining data from different dimensions. This invention uses four data dimensions—weight, muscle mass, fat mass, and nutrient intake—and conducts a specific assessment from two different analytical dimensions. First, the absorption capacity analysis dimension analyzes absorption capacity through changes in nutrient intake and weight, thus obtaining an absorption capacity coefficient. Second, the reserve capacity analysis dimension determines the reserve capacity coefficient—the conversion of nutrient intake into effective reserves—based on changes in muscle mass and fat mass on adjacent days within a time period. Therefore, by combining the absorption capacity coefficient and the reserve capacity coefficient, a nutritional status index for that time period is determined. This nutritional status index accurately characterizes the status information of nutrient absorption and reserve within a time period from multiple dimensions. Finally, an assessment is performed on the current moment, that is, based on the nutritional status index of all time periods before the current moment during chemotherapy, a nutritional assessment coefficient is determined, and risk analysis is conducted based on the nutritional assessment coefficient. By analyzing the net changes and trends in muscle and fat mass over a given period and their correlation with nutritional intake, and excluding interference from non-nutritional factors, this invention accurately determines whether the intake of nutrients by children with leukemia is converted into effective reserves, providing a reliable basis for assessing nutritional status during chemotherapy. In summary, this invention can more comprehensively and reliably assess the nutritional status of children undergoing chemotherapy, improving the accuracy of nutritional status assessment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 The flowchart illustrates a method for intelligent assessment of nutritional status in children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy, as provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a method for intelligent assessment of nutritional status in children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy, based on the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0019] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a specific scheme for an intelligent assessment method of nutritional status in children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy, provided by this invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of an intelligent assessment method for nutritional status of children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes: S101: Obtain the daily weight, muscle mass, fat mass, and nutritional intake of children undergoing chemotherapy; determine the degree of weight fluctuation in each time period based on daily weight changes, wherein each time period includes at least two days.

[0021] Leukemia is the most common malignant tumor in children, a malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells. Chemotherapy is currently a common clinical treatment for leukemia, and aggressive treatment can prolong the survival period of children and benefit them. However, while chemotherapy kills tumor cells, it also inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of normal cells and damages the intestinal mucosa (such as the shedding of intestinal epithelial cells), leading to a decrease in the absorption efficiency of nutrients (especially protein, fat, and vitamins). If not assessed and intervened in time, it may rapidly develop into malnutrition, manifested as rapid weight loss, muscle atrophy, and low immunity, directly affecting treatment tolerance.

[0022] Current technology typically uses Body Mass Index (BMI) to reflect the nutritional status of children with leukemia. BMI indirectly reflects the overall reserves and development of body tissues (muscle, fat, bones, etc.) through the correlation between weight and height. However, children with leukemia may experience drastic weight fluctuations during chemotherapy, especially weight loss, which does not fully reflect their nutritional status. This is because chemotherapy drugs can cause loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., directly affecting the child's food intake and digestive absorption. Therefore, relying solely on BMI to assess nutritional status reduces the accuracy of nutritional status assessment in children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy.

[0023] In other words, during chemotherapy, children's weight fluctuations are often affected by non-nutritional factors such as edema, dehydration, and drug side effects (such as abnormal fat accumulation caused by hormones). Using a single data point (such as weight) alone may not be sufficient to reflect their true nutritional status. By combining data from different dimensions, the nutritional status of children can be assessed, and personalized nutritional intervention plans can be better developed to address individual differences.

[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, multi-dimensional data analysis is achieved by acquiring daily weight, muscle mass, fat mass, and nutrient intake. For acquiring weight, a precise weighing instrument can be used; there is no limitation on this method.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, a bioimpedance analyzer can be used to measure the daily muscle mass and fat mass of the child.

[0026] The nutrient intake refers to the intake of nutrients. It should be noted that since the daily diet of children with leukemia is relatively stable, the nutrient intake can be easily calculated based on the types and weights of food consumed, as well as the nutrient content of each food item. Different nutrients, such as protein and fat, can be grouped together as nutrient intake. For ease of calculation, the nutrient intake in this embodiment can be a dimensionless value, simply representing the amount of nutrients consumed on that day. Specifically, the food intake in a standard diet plan can be taken as 1, and the daily food intake can be compared with the standard diet plan to obtain the corresponding nutrient intake. There are no restrictions on this. The standard diet plan is constructed using big data related to the nutritional and food needs of people of the same age, and is existing technology.

[0027] During chemotherapy for children with leukemia, they need sufficient nutrition to recover their strength and prepare for the next round of chemotherapy. Nutritional recovery directly affects the child's strength, tolerance, and immune system. Insufficient nutrition during chemotherapy can lead to poor tolerance in the next round of treatment and increase the incidence of side effects.

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, weight cycle analysis is accurately performed by dividing the time period. Specifically, each time period can be, for example, 7 days, that is, 7 days is analyzed as a time period to fit the treatment plan planned on a weekly basis in the specific treatment process. Of course, in other embodiments of the invention, the time period can also be other time ranges, such as 10 days, 30 days, etc.

[0029] During chemotherapy for children with leukemia, weight fluctuations caused by non-nutritional factors are frequent and significant. On the one hand, chemotherapy drugs (such as cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids) may cause water and sodium retention, leading to edema (commonly in the lower limbs and face, and in severe cases, affecting the chest / abdominal cavity), causing a sudden weight gain of 1-2 kg within 1-2 days. However, at this time, the child may actually be in a state of insufficient protein-energy intake (due to poor appetite and reduced food intake). On the other hand, when vomiting and diarrhea occur after chemotherapy, leading to dehydration, weight may drop rapidly (e.g., a loss of 0.5-1 kg per day). However, this weight loss is unrelated to nutrient absorption but is a result of fluid loss. Both of these non-nutritional factors (sudden weight gain due to edema and sudden weight loss due to dehydration) can interfere with the intelligent assessment results of nutritional status during chemotherapy for children with leukemia, reducing the accuracy of the assessment results. Therefore, analyzing nutritional status solely based on weight changes will yield inaccurate and unreasonable results. In this embodiment of the invention, the fluctuations in weight are analyzed first.

[0030] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, determining the degree of weight fluctuation for each time period based on daily weight changes includes: calculating the standard deviation of weight for all days within the time period and normalizing it as the degree of weight fluctuation.

[0031] The larger the value of the weight fluctuation, the more significant the increase or decrease in the child's weight, which means that a sudden edema and dehydration is more likely to occur.

[0032] S102: By combining the daily nutrient intake and weight change trends and similarities over a period of time, determine the degree of consistency between nutrient intake and weight over a period of time. By combining the degree of consistency with the degree of weight fluctuation, determine the nutrient absorption capacity coefficient for that period of time.

[0033] Chemotherapy drugs (such as cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin) kill cancer cells but also indiscriminately attack rapidly proliferating normal cells. Gastrointestinal mucosal cells (especially small intestinal villi epithelial cells), due to their rapid turnover, are common targets for damage, causing damage to the child's gastric mucosa and affecting the absorption efficiency of nutrients (such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins). Therefore, during chemotherapy, the child's digestive system may be affected by the chemotherapy drugs, leading to decreased absorption capacity. Thus, analyzing absorption capacity is an important diagnostic criterion.

[0034] The daily nutritional intake and weight changes of the child are correlated to a certain extent. That is, after the nutritional intake is absorbed by the body, it will first be reflected in weight gain. However, due to insufficient absorption caused by the disease, the weight will also decrease sensitively due to consumption. Combined with the phenomenon of edema and dehydration, the ability to absorb nutrients can also be effectively analyzed. In this embodiment of the invention, the consistency between nutritional intake and weight is calculated by the trend and similarity of changes in nutritional intake and weight.

[0035] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the consistency degree of nutritional intake and weight over a given period is determined by combining the trends and similarities in daily nutritional intake and weight over the same period. This includes: arranging the nutritional intake of all days within the period into an intake sequence and arranging the weight of all days within the period into a weight sequence; performing linear fitting on the intake sequence and weight sequence using the least squares method to obtain the slope of the corresponding fitted line; normalizing the absolute value of the difference between the slopes of the fitted lines of the intake sequence and weight sequence as a trend consistency coefficient; calculating the DTW value of the intake sequence and weight sequence based on the dynamic time warping algorithm, and normalizing the inverse of the DTW value as a similarity consistency coefficient; and calculating the product of the trend consistency coefficient and the similarity consistency coefficient, and normalizing it as the consistency degree.

[0036] The least squares method is a fitting algorithm well-known to those skilled in the art. It can fit discrete coordinate points into a continuous curve. In this embodiment of the invention, the least squares method is used to fit the intake sequence and the weight sequence to a straight line. The greater the difference in the slope of the fitted straight line, the more inconsistent the corresponding trend of change, that is, the lower the correlation between weight change and nutritional intake. Therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, the absolute value of the difference between the slopes of the fitted straight lines of the intake sequence and the weight sequence is normalized and used as the consistency coefficient of the trend of change.

[0037] Among them, the dynamic time warping algorithm is also a well-known algorithm among those skilled in the art. The dynamic time warping algorithm can be used to analyze the consistency between two sequences, that is, to calculate the DTW value of the intake sequence and the weight sequence, and to normalize the negative number of the DTW value as the change similarity consistency coefficient.

[0038] The consistency degree is calculated by combining the trend consistency coefficient and the similarity consistency coefficient. The higher the consistency degree value, the higher the consistency between changes in nutrient intake and weight, which means that the child's body absorbs nutrients more stably.

[0039] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the absorption capacity coefficient of nutrients over a period of time is determined by combining the degree of consistency and the degree of weight fluctuation, including: calculating the difference between the degree of consistency and the degree of weight fluctuation, and normalizing it as the absorption capacity coefficient.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the larger the value of the consistency degree, the higher the consistency between nutrient intake and weight changes, that is, the more stable the absorption effect of nutrients by the child's body. The weight fluctuation degree represents the volatility of weight changes. The larger the value, the more unstable it is, and the worse the body's absorption effect. Therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, the difference between the consistency degree and the weight fluctuation degree is normalized and used as the absorption capacity coefficient.

[0041] The absorption capacity coefficient represents the child's absorption capacity; that is, the higher the value of the absorption capacity coefficient, the stronger the child's ability to absorb nutrients.

[0042] S103: Based on the changes in muscle mass and fat mass between adjacent days within a time period, determine the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutrient intake into effective reserves during that time period; combine the absorption capacity coefficient and the reserve capacity coefficient of the time period to determine the nutritional status index of that time period.

[0043] Nutritional status is the result of multiple processes: intake (amount and type of food), absorption (absorption capacity), and reserves (muscle / fat mass). Nutritional reserves essentially represent the body's conversion of ingested and absorbed nutrients into usable energy reserves (fat) and structural reserves (muscle). Therefore, the net change in muscle and fat mass over a given period is a direct indicator of the level of nutritional reserves. These changes more directly reflect whether intake can be converted into effective reserves.

[0044] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutritional intake into effective reserves during a time period is determined based on the changes in muscle mass and fat mass on adjacent days within the time period. This includes: calculating the difference in muscle mass between the day before and the day after two adjacent days within the time period as a muscle difference index for the corresponding adjacent days; calculating the difference in fat mass between the day before and the day after two adjacent days within the time period as a fat difference index for the corresponding adjacent days; and determining the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutritional intake into effective reserves during the time period based on the values ​​of the muscle difference index and the fat difference index.

[0045] For example, the difference in muscle mass between day 4 and day 3 within a given time period can be used as an indicator of muscle difference between day 4 and day 3. Similarly, the difference in fat mass can be determined. The changes in the values ​​of the muscle difference index and the fat difference index can determine the reserve capacity for these two days.

[0046] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutritional intake into effective reserves during a given period is determined based on the values ​​of muscle difference index and fat difference index. This includes: taking the number of adjacent days where both muscle difference index and fat difference index are greater than 0 as the overlap number, calculating the ratio of the overlap number to the number of adjacent days within the period as the overlap weight; normalizing the sum of all muscle difference indices as the muscle growth coefficient; normalizing the sum of all fat difference indices as the fat growth coefficient; calculating the mean of the muscle growth coefficient and the fat growth coefficient as the growth weight; and calculating the product of the overlap weight and the growth weight as the reserve capacity coefficient.

[0047] During chemotherapy for children with leukemia, the body is in a state of "high stress and high consumption," and the metabolic system may exhibit compensatory mechanisms (such as breaking down fat for energy to synthesize muscle, or preferentially storing fat while muscle continues to be lost). The degree of overlap in the number of days that these two processes increase can distinguish between "effective reserves" and "compensatory changes."

[0048] Among them, a muscle difference index greater than 0 indicates muscle growth, and a fat difference index greater than 0 indicates fat growth. When both of these occur simultaneously, it means that nutrient intake is converted into effective reserves, that is, the reserve effect is strong for the corresponding number of days. In this embodiment of the invention, the larger the value of the number of overlaps, the greater the overlap weight (both increase for most days): this means that the ingested nutrients can not only meet energy needs (stored in the form of fat) but also support protein synthesis (stored in the form of muscle). The two accumulate simultaneously, which is a healthy state of "nutrients being efficiently converted into comprehensive reserves".

[0049] In order to conduct an overall analysis of the energy reserve capacity within a time period, in this embodiment of the invention, the sum of all muscle difference indicators is calculated to obtain the muscle growth coefficient, and the sum of all fat difference indicators is calculated to obtain the fat growth coefficient. The average of the muscle growth coefficient and the fat growth coefficient is used as the growth weight. The larger the value of the enhancement weight, the more obvious the muscle and fat growth within the time period, that is, the stronger the reserve capacity.

[0050] The product of the overlap weight and the growth weight is calculated and used as the reserve capacity coefficient. The larger the reserve capacity coefficient, the more efficient the nutrition is in a healthy nutritional state where nutrients are fully converted into reserves.

[0051] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the nutritional status index for a time period is determined by combining the absorption capacity coefficient and the storage capacity coefficient for that time period, including: calculating the product of the absorption capacity coefficient and the storage capacity coefficient and normalizing it as the nutritional status index.

[0052] Among them, the absorption capacity coefficient characterizes the child's absorption capacity; that is, the higher the value of the absorption capacity coefficient, the stronger the child's ability to absorb nutrients. Conversely, the higher the value of the reserve capacity coefficient, the more efficiently nutrients are converted into comprehensive reserves, indicating a healthy nutritional state. By analyzing nutritional status through these two dimensions of absorption and reserve, the resulting nutritional status indicators can more comprehensively and accurately represent nutritional status over a given period, improving the reliability and accuracy of nutritional status assessment.

[0053] S104: Determine the nutritional assessment coefficient based on the nutritional status indicators of all time periods before the current time during chemotherapy, and conduct risk analysis based on the nutritional assessment coefficient.

[0054] Chemotherapy for children with leukemia is a long-term, phased, and high-risk process. The intensity of treatment, the child's metabolic status, and ability to eat may vary at each stage. During chemotherapy, children may experience improvement in nutritional indicators in a single period due to temporary interventions (such as increased intravenous nutrition at a certain time). However, continuous analysis may reveal that their effective reserve conversion rate is still declining (e.g., fat gain but continuous muscle loss). In this case, multi-period "stability characteristics" can reveal this "false improvement" and avoid misjudgment.

[0055] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, determining the nutritional assessment coefficient based on the nutritional status indicators of all time periods during the chemotherapy period prior to the current moment includes: arranging the nutritional status indicators of all time periods during the chemotherapy period into a state sequence according to time sequence; identifying the time periods in the state sequence where consecutive adjacent nutritional status indicators are greater than a preset state threshold as state improvement time periods; and determining the nutritional assessment coefficient based on the proportion of the duration of the state improvement time periods among all time periods and the nutritional status indicators of the preset target number of time periods closest to the current moment.

[0056] The preset state threshold can be, for example, 0.8. That is, the period when the nutritional state index is greater than 0.8 in consecutive adjacent periods in the state sequence is regarded as the state improvement period. In other words, when the nutritional state index is greater than 0.8 in two consecutive periods, it indicates that the nutrition is continuously absorbed and the health is better, resulting in a state improvement effect, and this period is regarded as the state improvement period.

[0057] Then, in order to analyze the current moment, nutritional status indicators from multiple time periods prior to the current moment are combined to characterize the current moment's status, thereby determining the nutritional assessment coefficient.

[0058] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the preset number of targets is 4. The nutritional assessment coefficient is determined based on the proportion of the duration of the state improvement period in all periods and the nutritional status indicators of the preset number of periods closest to the current time. This includes: taking the 4 periods closest to the current time as reference periods for the current time, calculating the mean of all nutritional status indicators within the reference periods as a reference assessment coefficient; taking the proportion of the duration of the state improvement period in all periods as an improvement assessment coefficient; calculating the product of the reference assessment coefficient and the improvement assessment coefficient, and normalizing it to obtain the nutritional assessment coefficient.

[0059] In this embodiment of the invention, a reference time period is determined, and then a reference evaluation coefficient is obtained. The reference evaluation coefficient is used to characterize the nutritional status assessment at the current moment.

[0060] The improvement assessment coefficient is the percentage of time the condition is improved across all time periods. The higher the value of the improvement assessment coefficient, the greater the percentage of time the condition is improved, which means that the overall nutritional status is in a healthy state for a larger proportion of the time.

[0061] By combining the reference evaluation coefficient and the improvement evaluation coefficient, the nutrition evaluation coefficient is obtained, which represents the result value of the intelligent assessment of nutrition status at the current moment.

[0062] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, risk analysis based on a nutritional assessment coefficient includes: issuing a nutritional risk warning when the nutritional assessment coefficient is less than a preset assessment threshold.

[0063] The preset assessment threshold is the threshold value of the nutritional assessment coefficient. For example, the preset assessment threshold can be 0.75. That is, when the nutritional assessment coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.75, the child's current risk level is considered to be low. It is necessary to continue to maintain the stability of the current nutritional status and continue to carry out the next stage of chemotherapy as originally planned. This avoids excessive intervention (such as forcibly increasing food intake) which will increase the burden on the child's gastrointestinal tract and cause side effects such as abdominal distension and vomiting, thus disrupting the existing balance. When it is less than 0.75, a nutritional risk warning is issued, indicating that the child's current risk level is considered to be high. It is necessary to communicate with the chemotherapy physician and nutritionist in a timely manner to assess whether the current chemotherapy intensity and nutritional intake need to be adjusted temporarily.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, compared to existing technologies that only analyze and assess nutritional status based on weight changes, which fails to fully reflect the true nutritional status, this invention combines data from different dimensions to assess the nutritional status of children, enabling the development of more personalized nutritional intervention plans tailored to individual differences. This invention uses four data dimensions—weight, muscle mass, fat mass, and nutrient intake—to conduct a specific assessment from two different analytical dimensions. First, the absorption capacity dimension analyzes changes in nutrient intake and weight to obtain an absorption capacity coefficient. Second, the reserve capacity dimension determines the reserve capacity coefficient—the conversion of nutrient intake into effective reserves—based on changes in muscle mass and fat mass over adjacent days within a time period. Thus, by combining the absorption capacity coefficient and the reserve capacity coefficient, a nutritional status index for that time period is determined. This nutritional status index accurately characterizes the state of nutrient absorption and reserve within a time period from multiple dimensions. Finally, an assessment is performed at the current moment, that is, based on the nutritional status index of all time periods prior to the current moment during chemotherapy, a nutritional assessment coefficient is determined, and risk analysis is conducted based on this nutritional assessment coefficient. By analyzing the net changes and trends in muscle and fat mass over a given period and their correlation with nutritional intake, and excluding interference from non-nutritional factors, this invention accurately determines whether the intake of nutrients by children with leukemia is converted into effective reserves, providing a reliable basis for assessing nutritional status during chemotherapy. In summary, this invention can more comprehensively and reliably assess the nutritional status of children undergoing chemotherapy, improving the accuracy of nutritional status assessment.

[0065] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0066] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent assessment of nutritional status in children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain daily weight, muscle mass, fat mass, and nutritional intake of children undergoing chemotherapy; determine the degree of weight fluctuation in each time period based on daily weight changes, with each time period including at least two days; By combining the trends and similarities in daily nutrient intake and weight changes over a period of time, the degree of consistency between nutrient intake and weight over that period of time is determined. By combining the degree of consistency with the degree of weight fluctuation, the nutrient absorption capacity coefficient for that period of time is determined. Based on the changes in muscle mass and fat mass between adjacent days within a time period, the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutrient intake into effective reserves during that time period is determined; combined with the absorption capacity coefficient and the reserve capacity coefficient of that time period, the nutritional status index of that time period is determined. Based on the nutritional status indicators of all time periods before the current time during chemotherapy, a nutritional assessment coefficient is determined, and a risk analysis is conducted based on the nutritional assessment coefficient. The determination of the consistency between daily nutrient intake and weight over a given period, based on trends and similarities in these trends, includes: The nutritional intake of all days within the time period is arranged in chronological order to form an intake sequence, and the weight of all days within the time period is arranged in chronological order to form a weight sequence. The least squares method was used to fit linear sequences to the intake sequence and the weight sequence respectively, and the slope of the corresponding fitted line was obtained. The absolute value of the difference between the slopes of the fitted lines of the intake sequence and the weight sequence was normalized and used as the consistency coefficient of the change trend. Based on the dynamic time warping algorithm, the DTW values ​​of the intake sequence and weight sequence are calculated, and the negative of the DTW value is normalized as the variation similarity coefficient. Calculate the product of the trend consistency coefficient and the similarity consistency coefficient, and normalize it to obtain the degree of consistency. The determination of the nutrient absorption capacity coefficient over a given period, combining the degree of consistency and the degree of weight fluctuation, includes: The difference between the degree of consistency and the degree of weight fluctuation was calculated and normalized to form the absorption capacity coefficient. The determination of the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutrient intake into effective reserves based on changes in muscle mass and fat mass on adjacent days within a time period includes: The difference in muscle mass between the day before and the day after two consecutive days within the same time period is calculated and used as an indicator of muscle difference between the corresponding adjacent days. The difference in fat mass between the day before and the day after two consecutive days within a given time period is used as an indicator of fat difference between the corresponding adjacent days. Based on the values ​​of muscle difference index and fat difference index, determine the reserve capacity coefficient of nutrient intake in a given period of time that is converted into effective reserves. The determination of the reserve capacity coefficient for converting nutrient intake into effective reserves over a given period, based on the values ​​of muscle and fat difference indices, includes: The number of consecutive days in which both muscle difference index and fat difference index are greater than 0 is taken as the overlap number. The ratio of the overlap number to the number of consecutive days in the time period is calculated as the overlap weight. The sum of all muscle difference indices was normalized to obtain the muscle growth coefficient; the sum of all fat difference indices was normalized to obtain the fat growth coefficient; the mean of the muscle growth coefficient and the fat growth coefficient was calculated as the growth weight. Calculate the product of the overlap weight and the growth weight, and use it as the reserve capacity coefficient; The determination of nutritional status indicators for a given period, by combining the absorption capacity coefficient and the storage capacity coefficient for that period, includes: Calculate the product of the absorption capacity coefficient and the storage capacity coefficient, and normalize it as a nutritional status indicator; The process of determining the nutritional assessment coefficient based on nutritional status indicators from all time periods prior to the current chemotherapy session includes: Nutritional status indicators for all time periods during chemotherapy are arranged in chronological order to form a status sequence; The time period in which consecutive adjacent nutritional status indicators within the state sequence are greater than a preset state threshold is defined as the state improvement period. The nutritional assessment coefficient is determined based on the percentage of duration of the period of improved status across all periods, and the nutritional status indicators of the number of periods closest to the current time that meet the preset target. The preset number of targets is 4. Nutritional assessment coefficients are determined based on the percentage of duration of periods of improved status across all periods, and the nutritional status indicators of the nearest preset number of target periods to the current time. These coefficients include: The four time periods closest to the current time are used as reference time periods. The mean of all nutritional status indicators within the reference time periods is calculated and used as the reference evaluation coefficient. The percentage of time periods during which the condition improved across all time periods was used as the improvement evaluation coefficient; Calculate the product of the reference assessment coefficient and the improvement assessment coefficient, and normalize it to obtain the nutritional assessment coefficient.

2. The intelligent assessment method for nutritional status of children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the degree of weight fluctuation in each time period based on daily weight changes includes: The standard deviation of body weight for all days within the calculation period is normalized to represent the degree of weight fluctuation.

3. The intelligent assessment method for nutritional status of children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Risk analysis based on nutritional assessment coefficients includes: When the nutritional assessment coefficient is less than a preset assessment threshold, a nutritional risk warning is issued.

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