Laser-drilling tool collaborative rock breaking drilling system under high-temperature and high-stress conditions

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser-drilling tool collaborative rock breaking drilling system under high-temperature and high-stress conditions, which comprises an integrated control box, a control panel mounted on the outer wall of one side of the integrated control box and a hollow column vertically arranged on one side of the integrated control box, and an integrated data wire is mounted on the outer wall of one side of the integrated control box; the integrated control box is used for sending a cooperative control instruction to all other modules, the control panel is used for providing a man-machine interaction interface to display the system state and receive an input instruction of an operator, and the hollow column serves as a main body bearing structure and an internal channel of the system. The cooling protection module is used for providing a cooling channel for the laser emission module and the drilling tool module in the working state, so that waste heat generated by a heating part is collected and guided out, and the defects that heat dissipation points are large in number and low in cooling efficiency are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling tools technology, specifically to a laser-drill tool collaborative rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for the development of deep mineral resources (such as coal mines and metal mines with a burial depth of over 1000m) and geothermal resources, drilling operations face increasingly harsh environments. On the one hand, the ground temperature increases with burial depth, and the ambient temperature in some areas can reach 200-350℃, far exceeding the tolerance limit of conventional drilling equipment. On the other hand, deep rocks are subjected to the pressure of overlying strata, and the stress generally reaches 50-150MPa, which significantly increases the hardness and brittleness of the rocks, making rock breaking much more difficult.

[0003] Current rock breaking technologies are mainly divided into three categories: laser rock breaking alone: ​​This involves irradiating rocks with a laser to soften or melt them locally, reducing their strength. However, in high-temperature environments, the laser generator has difficulty dissipating heat, which can easily lead to power attenuation or component burnout. Furthermore, laser irradiation can cause the rock surface to melt and clump together, increasing subsequent rock breaking resistance. Mechanical drilling alone: ​​This relies on the mechanical cutting of the drill bit to break rocks. Under high stress, the wear rate of the drill bit is 3-5 times that of conventional environments. The drill rod is prone to bending or breaking due to stress impact, and the drilling efficiency is only 40%-60% of that in conventional environments. Laser-drill synergistic rock breaking: This combines the advantages of the above two methods and a few synergistic solutions have emerged. However, none of them are designed for high-temperature and high-stress scenarios and cannot adapt to extreme environmental requirements. That is, the laser generators in the current solutions are conventional models without high-temperature heat dissipation or insulation structures. In high-temperature environments (≥200℃), the laser generator components burn out due to overheating, resulting in a high failure rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser-drill-tool coordinated rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a laser-drill tool collaborative rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions, comprising an integrated control box, a control panel installed on one outer wall of the integrated control box, and a hollow column vertically arranged on one side of the integrated control box. An integrated data cable is installed on one outer wall of the integrated control box. The integrated control box is used to issue collaborative control commands to all other modules. The control panel is used to provide a human-machine interface to display the system status and receive input commands from the operator. The hollow column serves as the main load-bearing structure and internal channel of the system. The integrated data cable passes through the internal cavity of the hollow column. A cooling and protection module is installed at the lower end of the hollow column, and a drilling tool module for mechanically breaking rocks is installed at the center of the cooling and protection module. Laser emission modules are installed inside the cooling and protection modules on both sides of the drilling tool module to emit high-energy lasers to thermally weaken the rocks to be broken.

[0006] Preferably, the integrated control box is electrically connected to the laser emitting module, the drilling tool module, and the cooling protection module via the integrated data cable to acquire temperature, stress, and operating status information in real time, and dynamically adjust the emission parameters of the laser emitting module, the mechanical action parameters of the drilling tool module, and the cooling intensity of the cooling protection module accordingly.

[0007] Preferably, the laser emission directions of the two laser emission modules form an acute angle with the mechanical axis of the drill module and are focused on the surface of the rock to be broken in front of the drill module, forming a laser pretreatment area.

[0008] Preferably, the laser emitting module is configured to switch between continuous output mode and pulse output mode according to the instructions of the integrated control box, and dynamically adjust its output power and spot scanning trajectory.

[0009] Preferably, a laser generator is installed inside the hollow column, and the integrated data cable includes at least one power transmission fiber. One end of the power transmission fiber is connected to the laser generator located in the hollow column, and the other end is connected to the focusing output head of the laser emitting module located in the cooling and protection module.

[0010] Preferably, the cooling protection module includes a support shell fixed to the lower end of the hollow column, a partition plate installed at the bottom end of the support shell, and an outer conical concave shell concentrically bolted to the bottom end of the partition plate. A spiral cooling pipe is installed at the vertical central axis position inside the outer conical concave shell. The drill module is located inside the spiral cooling pipe. The left and right inner walls of the outer conical concave shell are provided with flat parts. The laser emission module is installed on the flat parts. A liquid inlet connector connected to the liquid inlet of the spiral cooling pipe is installed on one side of the top of the partition plate. A temperature sensor electrically connected to the input terminal of the integrated control box is installed on one side of the outer wall of the outer conical concave shell.

[0011] Preferably, the interior of the support shell and the partition plate are provided with through holes, and a solenoid valve can be detachably installed at the lower opening of the spiral cooling pipe. The input end of the solenoid valve is electrically connected to the output end of the integrated control box.

[0012] Preferably, the drill module includes a middle shell coaxially arranged inside the spiral cooling pipe, a hydraulic motor installed at the lower end of the middle shell, and an end head whose lower end of the hydraulic motor output shaft is fixedly connected by an elastic sleeve pin coupling, with a drill bit fixed at the lower end of the end head.

[0013] Preferably, the upper end of the middle shell is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the partition.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the laser-drill tool collaborative rock breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions is equipped with an integrated control box, control panel, integrated data wire, hollow column, cooling protection module, drill tool module and laser emission module, etc., which cooperate with each other. The cooling protection module provides a cooling path for the laser emission module and drill tool module in the working state, thereby collecting and discharging the waste heat generated by the heat-generating components, avoiding the disadvantages of multiple and scattered heat dissipation points and low cooling efficiency.

[0015] The cooling and protection module actively cools the air while its outer wall combines with the insulation layer to form a relatively low-temperature chamber inside the equipment. The laser emission module and the drill module can operate stably here, solving the problem of rapid failure of lasers when directly exposed to high-temperature air. Finally, the integrated structure of the laser emission module and the drill module optimizes their working sequence and spatial coordination. At this time, the laser beam can more accurately pre-weaken the rock within a very short distance in front of the drill bit, forming a thermal crack network. This significantly reduces the force required for subsequent mechanical drilling. The reduction in mechanical drilling force means a significant reduction in the heat generated by friction between the drill module and the rock, indirectly controlling the temperature rise of the drill bit. At the same time, the reduction in mechanical vibration and impact load also protects the stability of the laser beam path and reduces the heat generation caused by ineffective scattering of laser energy due to vibration misalignment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Sectional view at point AA;

[0020] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of point AA;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the support shell of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the support shell of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Integrated control box; 2. Control panel; 3. Integrated data cable; 4. Hollow column; 5. Cooling and protection module; 501. Support shell; 502. Outer conical conical shell; 503. Flat part; 504. Partition; 505. Liquid inlet connector; 506. Spiral cooling pipe; 507. Temperature sensor; 508. Through hole; 6. Drill tool module; 601. Middle shell; 602. Hydraulic motor; 603. End; 604. Drill bit; 7. Laser emission module. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1, by Figures 1 to 4 The present invention includes an integrated control box 1, a control panel 2 installed on one outer wall of the integrated control box 1, and a hollow column 4 vertically arranged on one side of the integrated control box 1. An integrated data cable 3 is installed on one outer wall of the integrated control box 1. The integrated control box 1 is used to send collaborative control commands to all other modules. The control panel 2 is used to provide a human-machine interface to display the system status and receive input commands from the operator. The hollow column 4 serves as the main load-bearing structure and internal channel of the system. The integrated data cable 3 passes through the internal cavity of the hollow column 4. A cooling protection module 5 is installed at the lower end of the hollow column 4. A drilling tool module 6 for mechanically breaking rocks is installed at the center of the cooling protection module 5. Laser emission modules 7 are installed inside the cooling protection modules 5 on both sides of the drilling tool module 6 to emit high-energy lasers to thermally weaken the rocks to be broken.

[0026] The integrated control box 1 is electrically connected to the laser emission module 7, the drill module 6 and the cooling protection module 5 through the integrated data cable 3, so as to obtain temperature, stress and operating status information in real time, and dynamically adjust the emission parameters of the laser emission module 7, the mechanical action parameters of the drill module 6 and the cooling intensity of the cooling protection module 5 accordingly.

[0027] The integrated control box 1 integrates a main control computer, power management unit, drive controller and data acquisition module. It communicates with all modules through integrated data cable 3 to ensure that the signal delay, attenuation and interference are reduced in long-distance distributed transmission, and to ensure millisecond-level response speed and ultra-high reliability of system adjustment under complex working conditions.

[0028] The hollow column 4 serves as the main load-bearing frame, directly connecting the ground-based feed drive device, cooling and protection module 5, drill bit module 6, and laser emission module 7. It withstands torque, drilling pressure, bending stress, and complex vibration and impact. The hollow column 4 is a hollow tubular structure, through which external coolant, hydraulic oil, and integrated data cable 3 are all connected to their respective components. This multi-functional design greatly saves limited space, simplifies the external structure, and makes the entire drill string system more compact and reliable.

[0029] The laser emission directions of the two laser emission modules 7 form an acute angle with the mechanical axis of the drill module 6 and are focused on the surface of the rock to be broken in front of the drill module 6, forming a laser pretreatment area;

[0030] The laser emitting module 7 is configured to switch between continuous output mode and pulse output mode according to the instructions of the integrated control box 1, and dynamically adjust its output power and spot scanning trajectory.

[0031] A laser generator is installed inside the hollow column 4. The integrated data cable 3 contains at least one power transmission fiber. One end of the power transmission fiber is connected to the laser generator located in the hollow column 4, and the other end is connected to the focusing output head of the laser emission module 7 located in the cooling protection module 5.

[0032] Example 2, based on Example 1, is... Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The cooling protection module 5 includes a support shell 501 fixed to the lower end of the hollow column 4, a partition 504 installed at the bottom end of the support shell 501, and an outer conical constricted shell 502 concentrically bolted to the bottom end of the partition 504. A spiral cooling pipe 506 is installed at the vertical central axis position inside the outer conical constricted shell 502. The drill module 6 is located inside the spiral cooling pipe 506. Flat parts 503 are provided on both the left and right inner walls of the outer conical constricted shell 502. The laser emission module 7 is installed on the flat parts 503. A liquid inlet connector 505 connected to the liquid inlet of the spiral cooling pipe 506 is installed on one side of the top of the partition 504. A temperature sensor 507 electrically connected to the input terminal of the integrated control box 1 is installed on one side of the outer wall of the outer conical constricted shell 502.

[0033] When the cooling protection module 5 is working, the liquid inlet connector 505 is connected to the external coolant supply end, and then the coolant enters the spiral cooling pipe 506 through the liquid inlet connector 505, and exchanges heat in the outer conical conical shell 502 through the spiral cooling pipe 506 to achieve the purpose of cooling. During this process, the temperature sensor 507 monitors the temperature in the outer conical conical shell 502 in real time, and the integrated control box 1 dynamically adjusts the flow rate and velocity of the coolant.

[0034] Both the support shell 501 and the partition 504 have through holes 508 inside. The upper end of the support shell 501 is connected to the hollow column 4, and the lower end is connected to the outer conical constriction shell 502. The hydraulic pipeline, coolant pipeline and integrated data cable 3 can all enter the outer conical constriction shell 502 through the hollow column 4, through holes 508 and partition 504 and connect with the corresponding components.

[0035] A solenoid valve can be detachably installed at the lower opening of the spiral cooling pipe 506. The input end of the solenoid valve is electrically connected to the output end of the integrated control box 1. The end of the spiral cooling pipe 506 can be set as an opening or connected to the solenoid valve. At this time, the coolant can be selectively sprayed into the outer conical constriction shell 502 to wet the rock layer and further cool down the drill module 6 and the laser emission module 7.

[0036] The drill module 6 includes a middle shell 601 coaxially arranged inside the spiral cooling pipe 506, a hydraulic motor 602 installed at the lower end of the middle shell 601, and an end head 603 whose lower end of the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 602 is fixedly connected by an elastic sleeve pin coupling. A drill bit 604 is fixed at the lower end of the end head 603. The upper end of the middle shell 601 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the partition 504.

[0037] The two laser emission modules 7, arranged in a V-shape, can adopt the optimal irradiation strategy for different rock types, such as hard quartzite or plastic mudstone, to create favorable fracturing conditions for subsequent mechanical drill bits.

[0038] When the drill module 6 is working, the hydraulic motor 602 is connected to the external hydraulic pipeline. The output shaft of the hydraulic motor 602 drives the end head 603 and the drill bit 604 to rotate in sequence. With the laser softening of the laser emission module 7, the stuck drill bit is released, solving the problem of high drilling interruption rate under high stress.

[0039] In this embodiment, the system is installed on a drilling platform and connected to an external hydraulic power source and coolant tank. The integrated control box 1 is activated, and it reads the initial temperature value from the cooling protection module 5. The target drilling depth, the initial laser power of the laser emission module 7, the initial rotation speed of the drill string module 6, and the coolant flow rate of the cooling protection module 5 are set via the control panel 2. The integrated control box 1 sends commands to the laser emission module 7, aligning it with the rock surface in front of the drill string module 6. Pre-treatment continues for a period of time until the rock surface softens due to heating, entering the main rock-breaking stage. The control panel 2 then activates the hydraulic power source, and the drill string module... Block 6 rotates, while the external feed device propels the hollow column 4, cooling and protection module 5, drill bit module 6, and laser emission module 7 forward. The laser emission module 7 maintains its current power and continues to preheat the rock in front of the drill bit module 6. During this process, the cooling and protection module 5 continuously sprays coolant towards the end of the drill bit module 6 to ensure that the drill bit module 6 and laser emission module 7 can continuously dissipate heat. When the drilling depth reaches the target value, the integrated control box 1 stops the external feed device, the advancement and rotation of the drill bit module 6, shuts down the laser emission module 7, shuts down the external hydraulic power source and coolant pump, and the system goes into standby mode, completing one drilling operation.

[0040] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0041] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser-drill-tool coordinated rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions, characterized in that: The system includes an integrated control box (1), a control panel (2) installed on the outer wall of one side of the integrated control box (1), and a hollow column (4) vertically set on one side of the integrated control box (1). An integrated data cable (3) is installed on the outer wall of one side of the integrated control box (1). The integrated control box (1) is used to send collaborative control commands to all other modules. The control panel (2) is used to provide a human-machine interface to display the system status and receive input commands from the operator. The hollow column (4) serves as the main load-bearing structure and internal channel of the system. The integrated data cable (3) passes through the internal cavity of the hollow column (4). A cooling protection module (5) is installed at the lower end of the hollow column (4). A drilling tool module (6) for mechanically breaking rocks is installed at the center of the cooling protection module (5). Laser emission modules (7) are installed inside the cooling protection modules (5) on both sides of the drilling tool module (6) to emit high-energy lasers to the rocks to be broken in order to thermally weaken them.

2. The laser-drill-tool coordinated rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated control box (1) is electrically connected to the laser emitting module (7), the drill module (6) and the cooling protection module (5) through the integrated data cable (3) to obtain temperature, stress and operating status information in real time, and dynamically adjust the emission parameters of the laser emitting module (7), the mechanical action parameters of the drill module (6) and the cooling intensity of the cooling protection module (5) accordingly.

3. The laser-drill-tool coordinated rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser emission directions of the two laser emission modules (7) form an acute angle with the mechanical axis of the drill module (6) and are focused on the surface of the rock to be broken in front of the drill module (6) to form a laser pretreatment area.

4. The laser-drill-tool coordinated rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser emitting module (7) is configured to switch between continuous output mode and pulse output mode according to the instructions of the integrated control box (1), and dynamically adjust its output power and spot scanning trajectory.

5. The laser-drill-tool coordinated rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: A laser generator is installed inside the hollow column (4). The integrated data cable (3) contains at least one power transmission fiber. One end of the power transmission fiber is connected to the laser generator located in the hollow column (4), and the other end is connected to the focusing output head of the laser emission module (7) located in the cooling protection module (5).

6. The laser-drill-tool coordinated rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling protection module (5) includes a support shell (501) fixed to the lower end of the hollow column (4), a partition (504) installed at the bottom of the support shell (501), and an outer conical concave shell (502) concentrically bolted to the bottom of the partition (504). A spiral cooling pipe (506) is installed at the vertical central axis position inside the outer conical concave shell (502). The drill module (6) is located inside the spiral cooling pipe (506). The left and right inner walls of the outer conical concave shell (502) are provided with flat parts (503). The laser emission module (7) is installed on the flat parts (503). A liquid inlet connector (505) connected to the liquid inlet of the spiral cooling pipe (506) is installed on one side of the top of the partition (504). A temperature sensor (507) electrically connected to the input end of the integrated control box (1) is installed on one side of the outer wall of the outer conical concave shell (502).

7. The laser-drill-tool coordinated rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support shell (501) and the partition (504) are both provided with through holes (508). A solenoid valve can be detachably installed at the lower opening of the spiral cooling pipe (506). The input end of the solenoid valve is electrically connected to the output end of the integrated control box (1).

8. The laser-drill-tool coordinated rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drill module (6) includes a middle shell (601) coaxially arranged inside the spiral cooling pipe (506), a hydraulic motor (602) installed at the lower end of the middle shell (601), and an end (603) whose lower end of the output shaft of the hydraulic motor (602) is fixed by an elastic sleeve pin coupling. A drill bit (604) is fixed at the lower end of the end (603).

9. The laser-drill-tool coordinated rock-breaking drilling system under high temperature and high stress conditions according to claim 8, characterized in that: The upper end of the middle shell (601) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the partition (504).

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