Solid waste-based high-temperature heat storage system and heat loss control method

Abstract

The invention provides a solid-waste-based high-temperature heat storage system and a heat loss control method, the solid-waste-based high-temperature heat storage system comprises a heat insulation filler used for wrapping a tube bundle, and the heat insulation filler adopts a gradient heat insulation layer; the gradient heat insulation layer wraps the outer side of the tube bundle and sequentially comprises a solid waste based PCM layer, a solid waste gas gel layer and a modified ceramic layer from inside to outside. And heat convection is inhibited by adjusting the pore vacuum degree of the heat insulation filler. The invention has one technical effect that the solid waste-based aerogel and the modified ceramic layer are adopted on the material level, so that not only is the heat conductivity coefficient reduced, but also the radiation emissivity is optimized, the heat radiation is effectively blocked, and the convective heat loss is reduced. In the structural level, the heat flow path is optimized through the gradient pore porous medium and the PCM layered layout, and steam output temperature fluctuation is smoothed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-temperature thermal energy storage technology, specifically relating to a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal energy storage system and a method for controlling heat loss. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, such as Chinese invention patent applications CN117601229A and CN117800673A, methods for preparing thermal insulation materials and energy storage concrete using solid waste have seen some development. These methods utilize solid waste materials and add various additives to improve material performance and energy-saving effects. However, the application of these technologies in high-temperature thermal storage systems still has limitations, especially in heat loss control and thermal energy utilization efficiency. For example, traditional insulation materials and structures often cannot effectively cope with heat radiation and convection losses in high-temperature environments, leading to low thermal efficiency of the thermal storage system. Furthermore, the temperature regulation effect of phase change materials is often limited in practical applications, failing to smooth out output temperature fluctuations and affecting system stability and efficiency.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system and a heat loss control method based on a gradient composite structure, in order to significantly reduce heat loss and thereby improve thermal energy utilization efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a new technical solution for a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system and a heat loss control method.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system is provided, comprising an insulating filler for wrapping a tube bundle, said insulating filler employing a gradient insulation layer; The gradient insulation layer is wrapped around the outside of the tube bundle, and the gradient insulation layer consists of a solid waste-based PCM layer, a solid waste aerogel layer, and a modified ceramic layer from the inside to the outside; wherein, the solid waste-based PCM layer is a composite molten salt; the solid waste aerogel layer adopts a CaSO lattice framework and uses NaOH, CaCO3, and urea as pore-forming agents to form a nanoporous structure, and the porosity of the solid waste aerogel layer gradually increases from the inside to the outside until it reaches 80%; Heat convection is suppressed by adjusting the pore vacuum level of the insulation filler.

[0006] Optionally, the solid waste-based PCM layer uses steel slag as the main thermally conductive phase change material and slag as the secondary phase change material.

[0007] Optionally, the modified ceramic layer has a radial concave-convex structure and is modified with an Al2O3 or SiO2 coating.

[0008] Optionally, the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system further includes an outer shell, a high-temperature sealed insulation board, a high-temperature sealing gasket, a fixing clamp, a high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle, a gas collection box, an exhaust port, an air inlet, and a pressure regulator; wherein the exhaust port and the air inlet are both connected to the gas collection box; Both the high-temperature sealing insulation board and the high-temperature sealing gasket are disposed on the inner side of the outer shell, with the high-temperature sealing insulation board located at the end of the system and the high-temperature sealing gasket located on the side of the system. The high-temperature sealing insulation board and the high-temperature sealing gasket constitute a three-dimensional sealing structure. The high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle is disposed inside the three-dimensional sealing structure and fixed by the fixing clamp. The high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle is connected to the gas collection box. The cold fluid enters the gas collection box from the air inlet. The gas collection box is used to evenly distribute the cold fluid to multiple high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundles for heat exchange. The hot fluid after heat exchange flows out from the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle and is collected by the gas collection box before being output from the exhaust port. The voltage regulator is connected to the gas collection box.

[0009] Optionally, the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system also includes an intelligent temperature control module; The intelligent temperature control module includes a vacuum pump, a valve group, an inlet valve, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a control module. The first temperature sensor is located at the inlet to monitor the temperature of the inlet and obtain a first monitoring value. The second temperature sensor is located at the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle to monitor the center temperature of the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle and obtain a second monitoring value. The vacuum pump is connected to the thermal insulation filler, and the valve group and the inlet valve are sequentially installed on the pipeline connecting the vacuum pump and the thermal insulation filler. The valve group controls the gas flow rate, and the inlet valve injects inert gas into the thermal insulation filler. The vacuum pump, valve group, air inlet valve, first temperature sensor, and second temperature sensor are all connected to the control module. The control module is used to dynamically adjust the pore vacuum degree of the thermal insulation filler according to the first monitoring value of the first temperature sensor and the second monitoring value of the second temperature sensor.

[0010] Optionally, the pore vacuum degree is less than 10 Pa.

[0011] Optionally, when the first monitoring value or the second monitoring value is greater than or equal to 200°C, the heat insulation filler is evacuated by the vacuum pump.

[0012] Optionally, when the first monitoring value or the second monitoring value is less than 100°C, inert gas is injected into the heat insulation filler through the air inlet valve.

[0013] Optionally, the inert gas is Ar or N2.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for controlling heat loss in a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system is provided, applied to the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: Acquire the first monitoring value from the first temperature sensor and the second monitoring value from the second temperature sensor; Control parameters are obtained based on the first monitoring value and the second monitoring value; The opening degree of the valve group is adjusted in real time according to the control parameters to control the amount of air entering the high-temperature thermal storage system. Once the high-temperature thermal storage system reaches the preset temperature, the valve group is closed, allowing the high-temperature thermal storage system to be insulated with air. After a preset time, air is introduced into the high-temperature thermal storage system to cool it, thereby achieving periodic adjustment of the operating temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage system.

[0015] One technical advantage of this invention is that: In the embodiments of this application, in a first aspect, the present invention combines aerogel with low thermal conductivity with molten salt with high thermal conductivity to form a highly efficient heat insulation layer with a "sandwich" structure. At the same time, it utilizes high porosity aerogel to construct heat insulation bridging channels, which greatly improves the heat transfer performance of the high-temperature heat insulation layer.

[0016] Secondly, this invention uses a solid waste-based molten salt with high thermal conductivity to replace the traditional heat storage medium (such as paraffin wax), which not only achieves pollution-free and environmentally friendly heat storage and release, but also reduces the harm of solid waste accumulation to the environment, while effectively improving the overall thermal conductivity of the system.

[0017] Thirdly, the present invention uses the nanoporous material CaSO to construct a porous medium layer with a gradient pore structure. On the one hand, its high porosity reduces the interfacial thermal resistance, and on the other hand, its large specific surface area improves the adsorption capacity, which can significantly reduce the heat loss between systems.

[0018] Fourthly, this invention uses a multifunctional composite material made of aerogel prepared from solid wastes such as tailings and coal gangue and ceramic materials doped with nano-titanium dioxide powder to replace traditional pure inorganic thermal insulation materials, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the materials and effectively alleviating the problem of deformation and cracking of thermal insulation materials under high temperature conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gradient insulation layer in a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent temperature control module for a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 100, tube bundle; 1, solid waste-based PCM layer; 2, solid waste aerogel layer; 3, modified ceramic layer; 4, porosity gradient direction; 51, composite molten salt structure; 52, nanoporous structure; 53, radial concave-convex surface structure; 6, outer shell; 7, high-temperature sealing insulation board; 8, high-temperature sealing gasket; 9, fixing clip; 10, thermal insulation filler; 11, high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle; 12, gas collection box; 13, exhaust port; 14, air inlet; 15, voltage regulator; 16, vacuum pump; 17, control module; 20, valve group; 21, air inlet valve; 22, first temperature sensor; 23, second temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application.

[0021] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0023] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0024] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] According to a first aspect of the invention, see Figures 1 to 3 This paper presents a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system. At the material level, it employs solid waste-based aerogel and modified ceramic layers, which not only reduce the thermal conductivity but also optimize the radiative emissivity, effectively blocking thermal radiation and reducing convective heat loss. At the structural level, the gradient pore porous medium and PCM layered layout optimize the heat flow path and smooth out fluctuations in steam output temperature.

[0026] Specifically, the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system includes an insulating filler for wrapping the tube bundle 100, wherein the insulating filler 10 adopts a gradient insulation layer; See Figure 2 The gradient insulation layer is wrapped around the outside of the tube bundle 100, and the gradient insulation layer consists of, from the inside to the outside, a solid waste-based PCM layer 1 (using solid waste-based high thermal conductivity phase change material, such as steel slag / mineral slag composite molten salt), a solid waste aerogel layer 2, and a modified ceramic layer 3; wherein, the solid waste-based PCM layer 1 (i.e., the innermost layer) is a composite molten salt structure 51; the solid waste aerogel layer 2 (i.e., the middle layer, filled with solid waste-based aerogel, forming a labyrinth-like space inside the aerogel to effectively block thermal radiation) uses a CaSO lattice framework, with NaOH, CaCO3, and urea as pore-forming agents to form a nanoporous structure 52 (i.e., a gradient pore structure), and the porosity of the solid waste aerogel layer increases from the inside to the outside (i.e., along the porosity gradient direction 4) up to 80%; the modified ceramic layer 3 (i.e., the outer layer, using metal oxide modified solid waste ceramic) reduces convective heat loss through surface microtexture; Heat convection is suppressed by adjusting the pore vacuum level of the insulation filler.

[0027] In the embodiments of this application, in a first aspect, the present invention combines aerogel with low thermal conductivity with molten salt with high thermal conductivity to form a highly efficient heat insulation layer with a "sandwich" structure. At the same time, it utilizes high porosity aerogel to construct heat insulation bridging channels, which greatly improves the heat transfer performance of the high-temperature heat insulation layer.

[0028] Secondly, this invention uses a solid waste-based molten salt with high thermal conductivity to replace the traditional heat storage medium (such as paraffin wax), which not only achieves pollution-free and environmentally friendly heat storage and release, but also reduces the harm of solid waste accumulation to the environment, while effectively improving the overall thermal conductivity of the system.

[0029] Thirdly, the present invention uses the nanoporous material CaSO to construct a porous medium layer with a gradient pore structure. On the one hand, its high porosity reduces the interfacial thermal resistance, and on the other hand, its large specific surface area improves the adsorption capacity, which can significantly reduce the heat loss between systems.

[0030] Fourthly, this invention uses a multifunctional composite material made of aerogel prepared from solid wastes such as tailings and coal gangue and ceramic materials doped with nano-titanium dioxide powder to replace traditional pure inorganic thermal insulation materials, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the materials and effectively alleviating the problem of deformation and cracking of thermal insulation materials under high temperature conditions.

[0031] For example, multilayer solid waste with high specific surface area is used as a PCM thermal storage medium to improve energy storage density: steel slag, as a solid waste with high specific heat capacity, is compounded with slag to form a solid waste-based PCM layer, and both the phase change temperature and latent heat of phase change are adjustable; the aerogel prepared from construction waste has a low thermal conductivity and an adjustable internal porous structure. The construction waste is finely powdered, and after ball milling and centrifugal filtration, powder particles with a particle size of less than 100 μm are obtained and added to silica sol and mixed evenly to obtain a construction waste-based hydrogel precursor, which is then dried to obtain a construction waste-based aerogel; finally, the surface microtexture is supplemented with nano-silane modification to reduce the radiative and convective heat transfer of the solid waste ceramic.

[0032] Optionally, the solid waste-based PCM layer uses steel slag as the main thermally conductive phase change material and slag as the secondary phase change material. On the one hand, it realizes the resource utilization of industrial solid waste, which is green and environmentally friendly. On the other hand, it can significantly improve the overall thermal conductivity of the solid waste-based PCM layer.

[0033] Optionally, the modified ceramic layer has a radial concave-convex structure 53 and is modified with an Al2O3 or SiO2 coating.

[0034] In the above embodiments, the modified ceramic layer adopts a radial concave-convex surface structure to increase infrared emissivity, the porosity gradient change forms a thermal resistance barrier, and the labyrinth-type aerogel structure blocks thermal radiation, thereby significantly improving the radiative heat transfer effect by more than 85% and reducing the thermal conductivity to 0.03 W / (m·K).

[0035] Optionally, see Figure 1The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system also includes an outer shell 6, a high-temperature sealed insulation board 7, a high-temperature sealing gasket 8, a fixing clamp 9, a high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle 11, a gas collection box 12, an exhaust port 13, an air inlet 14, and a voltage regulator 15; wherein, the exhaust port 13 and the air inlet 14 are both connected to the gas collection box 12. The high-temperature sealing insulation board 7 and the high-temperature sealing gasket 8 are both disposed on the inner side of the outer shell 6, with the high-temperature sealing insulation board 7 located at the end of the system and the high-temperature sealing gasket 8 located on the side of the system. The high-temperature sealing insulation board 7 and the high-temperature sealing gasket 8 constitute a three-dimensional sealing structure. The high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle 11 is disposed on the inner side of the three-dimensional sealing structure and fixed by the fixing clip 9. The high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle 11 is connected to the gas collection box 12. The cold fluid enters the gas collection box 12 from the air inlet 14. The gas collection box 12 is used to evenly distribute the cold fluid to multiple high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundles 11 for heat exchange. The hot fluid after heat exchange flows out from the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle 11 and is collected by the gas collection box 12 before being output from the exhaust port 13. The voltage regulator 15 is connected to the gas collection box 12.

[0036] The gas collection box connects the air inlet and the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle to achieve fluid distribution and collection; the exhaust port is the hot fluid outlet, used to transport the heated working fluid to the heat-using equipment; the air inlet is the cold fluid inlet, receiving the working fluid to be heated into the system; the pressure regulator is connected to the gas collection box to stabilize the system pressure and ensure safe operation.

[0037] It should be noted that, see Figure 1 In the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system, the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle 11 is the core heat exchange channel. The insulation filler 10 uses a gradient composite structure to wrap the tube bundle. The fixing clamps fix the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle 11 with bolts to prevent thermal expansion displacement and ensure structural stability. The gas collection box 12 connects the air inlet 14 and the exhaust port 13. The outer shell 6 provides mechanical protection and external sealing; for example, the outer shell is made of stainless steel. The high-temperature sealing insulation board 7 and the high-temperature sealing gasket 8 ensure the system's high-temperature sealing performance. Through the synergistic effect of the gradient insulation layer of the insulation filler and intelligent temperature control, heat loss control under high-temperature environments is achieved, and the thermal efficiency is improved by up to 85%.

[0038] Optionally, see Figure 3 The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal energy storage system also includes an intelligent temperature control module; The intelligent temperature control module includes a vacuum pump 16, a valve group 20, an inlet valve 21, a first temperature sensor 22, a second temperature sensor 23, and a control module 17. The first temperature sensor 22 is located at the inlet 14 to monitor the temperature of the inlet 14 and obtain a first monitoring value. The second temperature sensor 23 is located at the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle 11 to monitor the center temperature of the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle 11 and obtain a second monitoring value. The vacuum pump 16 is connected to the thermal insulation filler 10, and the valve group 20 and the inlet valve 21 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline connecting the vacuum pump 16 and the thermal insulation filler 10. The valve group 20 controls the gas flow rate, and the inlet valve 21 injects inert gas into the thermal insulation filler 10. The vacuum pump 16, valve group 20, air inlet valve 21, first temperature sensor 22, and second temperature sensor 23 are all connected to the control module 17. The control module 17 is used to dynamically adjust the pore vacuum degree of the thermal insulation filler according to the first monitoring value of the first temperature sensor 22 and the second monitoring value of the second temperature sensor 23.

[0039] The system includes a vacuum pump 16 for evacuating the insulation filler to suppress heat convection loss; a valve group 20 for controlling gas flow and adjusting the amount of air entering the system according to the control module's instructions; an inlet valve 21 for injecting inert gas (Ar or N2) into the insulation filler to protect the system structure; a first temperature sensor 22 located at the inlet to monitor the inlet temperature and obtain a first monitoring value T1; a second temperature sensor 23 located in the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle to monitor the tube bundle center temperature and obtain a second monitoring value T2; a control module 17 as the system's core controller for dynamically adjusting the pore vacuum degree of the insulation filler based on the temperature sensor readings; an insulation filler 10 with a gradient composite structure, which suppresses heat convection by adjusting its pore vacuum degree; a high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle 11 as the system's core heat exchange channel, with the second temperature sensor 23 monitoring its center temperature; and an inlet 14 as a cold fluid inlet, with the first temperature sensor 22 monitoring its temperature.

[0040] In the above embodiments, the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system further suppresses heat convection and significantly reduces heat loss through the dynamic temperature control strategy of the intelligent temperature control module. Moreover, by dynamically adjusting the pore vacuum degree, heat convection loss is effectively suppressed, and the system heat loss is reduced by more than 45%.

[0041] Optionally, the pore vacuum degree is less than 10 Pa, thereby significantly reducing gas thermal conduction.

[0042] Optionally, when the first or second monitoring value is greater than or equal to 200°C, the heat insulation filler is evacuated by the vacuum pump. This helps to achieve the transformation from "passive heat insulation" to "active enhanced heat insulation" and improves system safety.

[0043] Optionally, when the first or second monitoring value is less than 100°C, inert gas is injected into the thermal insulation filler through the air inlet valve. This not only improves structural stability and mechanical durability but also helps protect the vacuum seal and reduce the risk of long-term leakage.

[0044] Optionally, the inert gas is Ar or N2, which helps to improve system safety and prevent thermal runaway and fire risks.

[0045] In one specific implementation, the gradient insulation layer adopts a three-layer composite structure design. The inner layer (solid waste-based PCM layer 1, i.e., the innermost layer) uses a solid waste-based PCM-steel slag (70%) + slag (30%) composite molten salt with a phase transition temperature of 650℃. The middle layer (i.e., solid waste aerogel layer 2) uses a solid waste aerogel-CaSO lattice framework with a porosity gradient increased to 80%. The outer layer (i.e., modified ceramic layer 3) uses a modified ceramic-Al2O3 / SiO2 coating.

[0046] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for controlling heat loss in a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system is provided, applied to the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: Acquire the first monitoring value T1 of the first temperature sensor and the second monitoring value T2 of the second temperature sensor; Control parameters are obtained based on the first and second monitoring values; for example, the control parameters include Δt, T, and n. Wherein Δt is the ambient temperature, T is the set heating temperature, and n is the number of control iterations. For instance, the first monitoring value T1 and the second monitoring value T2 from the second temperature sensor are input into the black box calculation program to obtain the control parameters. The opening degree of the valve group is adjusted in real time according to the control parameters to control the amount of air entering the high-temperature thermal storage system, thereby achieving the required working temperature quickly, accurately and stably. Once the high-temperature thermal storage system reaches the preset temperature, the valve group is closed, allowing the high-temperature thermal storage system to be insulated with air. After a preset time, air is introduced into the high-temperature thermal storage system to cool it, thereby achieving periodic adjustment of the operating temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage system.

[0047] In the above embodiments, the heat loss control method of the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system is reasonably designed. It further suppresses heat convection through a dynamic temperature control strategy at the system level, which significantly reduces heat loss.

[0048] In one specific implementation, the cooling air temperature T1 is obtained through temperature detection points located near the air outlet; the center air temperature T2 is obtained through temperature detection points located away from the air outlet; and the intake air temperature T3 is obtained through temperature detection points located at the air collection box. These three temperature data points (T1, T2, and T3) are input into the black box calculation program to calculate the heat transfer loss Q, efficiency, and heat storage Q for this cycle. Based on the obtained parameters and the optimized control algorithm, the next iteration is performed. To ensure good heat insulation, vacuum isolation measures are adopted to reduce heat exchange with the external environment.

[0049] In the embodiments of this application, through the comprehensive application of materials, structure and system, the solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system of this application has achieved significant improvements in heat loss control and thermal energy utilization efficiency, opening up a new direction for the development of high-temperature thermal storage technology.

[0050] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system, characterized in that, Includes a thermal insulation filler for wrapping the tube bundle, the thermal insulation filler employing a gradient thermal insulation layer; The gradient insulation layer is wrapped around the outside of the tube bundle, and the gradient insulation layer consists of a solid waste-based PCM layer, a solid waste aerogel layer, and a modified ceramic layer from the inside to the outside; wherein, the solid waste-based PCM layer is a composite molten salt; the solid waste aerogel layer adopts a CaSO lattice framework and uses NaOH, CaCO3, and urea as pore-forming agents to form a nanoporous structure, and the porosity of the solid waste aerogel layer gradually increases from the inside to the outside until it reaches 80%; Heat convection is suppressed by adjusting the pore vacuum level of the insulation filler.

2. The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid waste-based PCM layer uses steel slag as the main thermally conductive phase change material and slag as the secondary phase change material.

3. The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified ceramic layer has a radial concave-convex structure and is modified with an Al2O3 or SiO2 coating.

4. The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an outer shell, a high-temperature sealing insulation board, a high-temperature sealing gasket, a fixing clamp, a high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle, a gas collection box, an exhaust port, an air inlet, and a voltage regulator; wherein the exhaust port and the air inlet are both connected to the gas collection box; Both the high-temperature sealing insulation board and the high-temperature sealing gasket are disposed on the inner side of the outer shell, with the high-temperature sealing insulation board located at the end of the system and the high-temperature sealing gasket located on the side of the system. The high-temperature sealing insulation board and the high-temperature sealing gasket constitute a three-dimensional sealing structure. The high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle is disposed inside the three-dimensional sealing structure and fixed by the fixing clamp. The high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle is connected to the gas collection box. The cold fluid enters the gas collection box from the air inlet. The gas collection box is used to evenly distribute the cold fluid to multiple high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundles for heat exchange. The hot fluid after heat exchange flows out from the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle and is collected by the gas collection box before being output from the exhaust port. The voltage regulator is connected to the gas collection box.

5. The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes an intelligent temperature control module; The intelligent temperature control module includes a vacuum pump, a valve group, an inlet valve, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a control module. The first temperature sensor is located at the inlet to monitor the temperature of the inlet and obtain a first monitoring value. The second temperature sensor is located at the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle to monitor the center temperature of the high-temperature pressure-bearing tube bundle and obtain a second monitoring value. The vacuum pump is connected to the thermal insulation filler, and the valve group and the inlet valve are sequentially installed on the pipeline connecting the vacuum pump and the thermal insulation filler. The valve group controls the gas flow rate, and the inlet valve injects inert gas into the thermal insulation filler. The vacuum pump, valve group, air inlet valve, first temperature sensor, and second temperature sensor are all connected to the control module. The control module is used to dynamically adjust the pore vacuum degree of the thermal insulation filler according to the first monitoring value of the first temperature sensor and the second monitoring value of the second temperature sensor.

6. The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pore vacuum degree is less than 10 Pa.

7. The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the first or second monitoring value is greater than or equal to 200°C, the heat insulation filler is evacuated by the vacuum pump.

8. The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the first or second monitoring value is less than 100°C, inert gas is injected into the heat insulation filler through the air inlet valve.

9. The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inert gas is Ar or N2.

10. A method for controlling heat loss in a solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system, characterized in that, The solid waste-based high-temperature thermal storage system as described in any one of claims 1-9 comprises the following steps: Acquire the first monitoring value from the first temperature sensor and the second monitoring value from the second temperature sensor; Control parameters are obtained based on the first monitoring value and the second monitoring value; The opening degree of the valve group is adjusted in real time according to the control parameters to control the amount of air entering the high-temperature thermal storage system. Once the high-temperature thermal storage system reaches the preset temperature, the valve group is closed, allowing the high-temperature thermal storage system to be insulated with air. After a preset time, air is introduced into the high-temperature thermal storage system to cool it, thereby achieving periodic adjustment of the operating temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage system.

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