Pueraria lobata quality evaluation method combining multi-index quantification with entropy weight method-TOPSIS method

Abstract

The invention relates to a radix puerariae quality evaluation method combining multi-index quantification with an entropy weight method-TOPSIS method, which comprises the following steps: an extraction process: crushing a radix puerariae raw material, optimizing parameters such as an extraction method, an extraction solvent, extraction time and the like, and obtaining a radix puerariae extract by adopting an optimal extraction process; compound detection: optimizing mass spectrum and chromatographic parameters by adopting an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometer to realize qualitative and quantitative analysis; and quality evaluation: taking the detected compound content data as a quality evaluation index, determining the weight of each quality evaluation index by using an entropy weight method, calculating the distance from each quality evaluation index to the optimal scheme and the distance from each quality evaluation index to the worst scheme based on a TOPSIS method, and obtaining the relative closeness degree of the kudzu vine roots from different producing areas to the optimal scheme as the basis of quality evaluation. By applying the method, the quality evaluation of the radix puerariae from different producing areas is realized, the data information of each quality evaluation index is fully utilized, the quality difference of different radix puerariae is accurately reflected, and the influence of subjective factors is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine testing, specifically to a method for evaluating the quality of kudzu root using a multi-index quantitative method combined with entropy weight method-TOPSIS method. Background Technology

[0002] Kudzu root, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is known as "thousand-year ginseng" due to its rich nutritional components and strong pharmacological effects. In 2000, it was included in the "List of Items That Are Both Food and Medicine." The 2020 Chinese Pharmacopoeia classifies kudzu root as wild kudzu (a plant belonging to the genus *Pueraria* of the legume family). Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi ) and kudzu (a variety of kudzu vine belonging to the genus Pueraria in the legume family) Pueraria thomsonii Benth There are two varieties, with wild kudzu (Pueraria lobata) being more common and cultivated kudzu (Pueraria dichotoma) more prevalent. According to reports, their chemical compositions are basically similar, but their content levels differ significantly. my country has abundant kudzu resources, distributed in most provinces, but the quality varies considerably depending on environmental and climatic factors from different producing areas. The main active components in kudzu are flavonoids, which possess certain pharmacological activities in anti-diabetic and alcoholic liver disease treatments, and have potential application value in drug and health product development. Therefore, establishing efficient extraction processes and accurate quantitative methods for flavonoids in kudzu, clarifying the differences in the content of major compounds in different kudzu varieties, and achieving kudzu quality control and evaluation will help improve the utilization value of kudzu resources.

[0003] Currently, the extraction processes for flavonoids from kudzu root are mainly classified into three categories: physical extraction, chemical extraction, and biological extraction. Physical extraction is the most widely used method in practical production due to its low operating cost and safe, controllable process. Because kudzu root contains many types of flavonoids with varying chemical structures, the extraction process requires high precision, and different extraction parameters significantly affect its efficiency. As the main active components of kudzu root, the current detection methods for flavonoids mainly include ultraviolet spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS). Ultraviolet spectrophotometry can only determine the total flavonoid content in kudzu root and cannot perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids. HPLC uses the retention time of the analyte and standard as the qualitative basis and peak area for quantification; however, the large variety of compounds and complex matrix in kudzu root lead to lower accuracy in the determination results. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) is a highly accurate method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of target ions by determining their precise mass numbers. However, due to the large variety of compounds in kudzu root, including isomers, it requires stringent analytical conditions. Current kudzu root quality evaluation methods mainly fall into two categories: subjective morphological identification and conventional chemical composition analysis. Subjective morphological identification suffers from low accuracy due to its inherent subjectivity. Conventional chemical composition analysis primarily involves comparative analysis of total flavonoids, starch, and cellulose content. However, the rich variety of compounds in kudzu root makes it difficult to directly reflect its quality level, hindering resource utilization and product development. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia uses only puerarin as a quality evaluation indicator, which fails to objectively and comprehensively reflect the quality of kudzu root. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an objective and accurate method for evaluating kudzu root quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the quality of kudzu root, which evaluates the quality of kudzu root based on physicochemical indicators, including the content of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin.

[0005] In some implementation schemes, the physicochemical properties of the kudzu root also include the content of rutin.

[0006] In some implementations, when the kudzu root is kudzu root powder, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root are selected from a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin.

[0007] In some implementation schemes, when the kudzu root is *Pueraria lobata*, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root also include a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, luteolin, and rutin.

[0008] In some implementation schemes, the quality evaluation results of kudzu are obtained by combining the entropy weight method-TOPSIS method with the physicochemical indicators of kudzu.

[0009] In some implementations, the evaluation method includes the following steps: (a) Obtain the physicochemical properties of kudzu root; (b) Based on the physicochemical indices of kudzu obtained in step (a), construct the original data matrix. X The original data matrix is ​​normalized to construct a normalized quality evaluation matrix. Y ; (c) The normalized quality assessment matrix obtained in step (b) Y The weights of the physicochemical indicators of each kudzu root in the normalized quality evaluation matrix are calculated using the entropy weight method. (d) Based on the weights of the physicochemical indicators of kudzu obtained in step (c), the TOPSIS method is used to analyze the quality of kudzu.

[0010] In some implementation schemes, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root include the content of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin.

[0011] In some implementation schemes, the physicochemical properties of the kudzu root also include the content of rutin.

[0012] In some implementations, when the kudzu root is kudzu root powder, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root are selected from a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin.

[0013] In some implementation schemes, when the kudzu root is *Pueraria lobata*, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root are selected from a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, luteolin, and rutin.

[0014] In some implementations, the method for obtaining the physicochemical properties of kudzu in step (a) includes the following steps: (1) Place kudzu root in a solvent for reflux extraction; (2) Centrifuge to obtain the supernatant; (3) Dilute the supernatant, filter, and obtain the test solution; (4) The physicochemical properties of kudzu were obtained by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the test solution using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

[0015] In some implementations, the reflux extraction temperature in step (1) is 60-90°C.

[0016] In some implementations, the reflux extraction time in step (1) is 40-70 min.

[0017] In some implementations, the solvent in step (1) includes ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, or water.

[0018] In some implementations, the volume fraction of the solvent in step (1) is 40% to 100%.

[0019] In some implementation schemes, the mass / volume ratio of kudzu root to solvent in step (1) is 1:20 to 1:40.

[0020] In some implementations, the centrifugation conditions in step (2) are 5000~10000 rpm for 4~20 min.

[0021] In some implementations, the filtration in step (3) includes treatment with an organic filter membrane of 0.22 to 0.45 μm.

[0022] This invention provides a method for extracting flavonoids from kudzu root samples using a hot reflux extraction technique, which improves the extraction efficiency of flavonoids.

[0023] In some implementations, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions in step (4) include a Hypersil GOLD column (150 × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm); a column temperature of 25–35 °C; an injection volume of 1–5 μL; a flow rate of 0.1–0.3 mL / min; and a mobile phase consisting of an aqueous phase of 0.05%–0.15% formic acid (A) and an organic phase of methanol (B).

[0024] In some implementations, the gradient elution procedure for the high-performance liquid chromatography is as follows: The flow rate was 0.2 mL / min, from 0.0 min to 1.0 min, and the mobile phase A was a 95% aqueous formic acid solution. V / V Mobile phase B is 5% methanol ( V / V ); 1.0 min~5.0 min, flow rate of 0.2 mL / min, mobile phase A is 5% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Mobile phase B is 95% methanol. V / V ); 5.0 min~8.0 min, flow rate of 0.2 mL / min, mobile phase A is 5% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Mobile phase B is 95% methanol. V / V ); 8.0 min ~ 11.0 min, flow rate of 0.2 mL / min, mobile phase A is 95% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Mobile phase B is 5% methanol ( V / V ); 11.0 min~12.0 min, flow rate of 0.2 mL / min, mobile phase A is 95% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Mobile phase B is 5% methanol ( V / V ).

[0025] In some embodiments, the mass spectrometry conditions include electrospray ionization with positive / negative ion switching mode. Spray voltage: 3.0–4.0 kV; sheath gas: 30–40 psi; auxiliary gas: 1–10 arb; ion source heating temperature: 250–350 °C; ion transfer tube temperature: 330–370 °C; scan mode: Full MS / dd-MS 2 Scanning range: 100 m / z~800 m / z; Primary scan resolution: 50000~90000; Secondary scan resolution: 20000~60000.

[0026] This invention establishes a method for the detection of flavonoids in kudzu root using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, employing Full MS / dd-MS. 2 The scanning mode uses the precise mass numbers of primary precursor ions and fragment progeny ions for qualitative analysis, further eliminating false positive interference and is unaffected by sample matrix and color.

[0027] Compared to the 45 min elution time of liquid chromatography, this invention requires only 12 min. The limit of detection is 1.0 μg / L, the limit of quantitation is 3.0 μg / L, and the linear correlation coefficient is greater than 0.99 in the range of 2.5 μg / L to 1000 μg / L.

[0028] This invention significantly outperforms the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) (hereinafter referred to as "Pharmacopoeia") and references in terms of detection efficiency, sensitivity, and extraction efficiency of kudzu root. [1] The method described herein. In terms of detection efficiency, the instrument analysis time of this invention is 12 minutes, and it can detect various flavonoids, including puerarin, while the pharmacopoeia method for detecting puerarin requires 30 minutes. (References) [1]The previous method for detecting puerarin required 35 minutes. Regarding sensitivity, the method of this invention exhibits higher sensitivity, with a linear range of 5–1000 μg / L and a detection limit as low as 1.0 μg / L for puerarin. In contrast, the pharmacopoeia method has a linear range of 0.5–80 mg / L for puerarin, and the reference method has a linear range of 16–80 mg / L. In terms of extraction rate, the method of this invention has higher extraction efficiency, with a significantly higher puerarin content in the same sample compared to the pharmacopoeia method, and requires less solvent. The material-to-liquid ratio of this invention is 1:30 (g / mL), while the pharmacopoeia method requires 0.1:50 (g / mL).

[0029] In some implementations, the normalized quality assessment matrix in step (b) Y Obtained through formula (1): (1); The method for obtaining the weights of the physicochemical indicators of kudzu in step (c) includes the following steps: Based on the normalized quality evaluation matrix Y The information entropy of the physicochemical indicators of each kudzu root is calculated using equation (2). Ej : (2); Based on the information entropy of the physicochemical indicators of each kudzu root, the weights of the physicochemical indicators of each kudzu root are calculated using equation (3). Wj : (3); in, X The original data matrix, Xij Represented as the first i Kudzu from a specific production area j Individual physicochemical indicators i =1,2,3,……,n; j =1,2,3,……,m; n is the total number of kudzu samples; m is the total number of physicochemical indicators; max( Xij ) represents the first element in the original data matrix. j The maximum value of each physicochemical index among kudzu roots from all producing areas; min( Xij ) represents the first element in the original data matrix. j The physicochemical indicators are the lowest among kudzu roots from all producing areas.

[0030] In some implementations, the step (d) of analyzing the quality of kudzu using the TOPSIS method includes the following steps: The weighted standard matrix is ​​obtained according to formula (4). Vij : (4); According to the weighted standard matrix V To determine the theoretically optimal solution among kudzu root samples from all producing areas. Vj + Value and the theoretically worst-case scenario among kudzu root samples from all origins. Vj - value; The theoretically optimal solution based on kudzu root samples from all origins. Vj + Values ​​and the theoretical worst-case scenario among kudzu root samples from all origins. Vj - Based on formula (5), the distance between the physicochemical indicators of kudzu from each producing area and the theoretical optimal solution is calculated. D + i Distance from the theoretical worst solution D - i And the Euclidean proximity of the optimal solution Ci : (5) in, Z In the standardized matrix, Zij Represented as the first i The first place of origin j Standard values ​​for the physicochemical indicators; V In the weighted standardized matrix, Vij Represented as the first i The first place of origin j The weighted standard value of the physicochemical index; based on Ci To evaluate the quality of kudzu root, Ci Larger kudzu roots are generally of better quality. The entropy weight method-TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the quality of kudzu roots from different origins, fully utilizing various physicochemical indicators to accurately reflect the quality differences among different kudzu roots and avoid the influence of subjective factors.

[0031] In some implementation schemes, the present invention provides an evaluation method for determining the origin of kudzu root, and an evaluation result of the origin of kudzu root is obtained according to the evaluation method.

[0032] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a device for evaluating the quality of kudzu root, the device comprising: The data acquisition module is used to collect physicochemical index data of kudzu root samples; The data processing module, in conjunction with the entropy weight method, normalizes the physicochemical index data of the kudzu root to obtain normalized physicochemical index data of the kudzu root, and calculates the weight of the physicochemical index data of each kudzu root. The evaluation module, combined with the TOPSIS method, calculates the relative similarity of kudzu samples based on normalized physicochemical index data and weights, and outputs the quality grade or ranking results.

[0033] In some implementation schemes, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root include the content of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin.

[0034] In some implementation schemes, the physicochemical properties of the kudzu root also include the content of rutin.

[0035] In some implementation schemes, the physicochemical indicators of kudzu root also include a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, genistein, genistein, and luteolin.

[0036] In some implementation schemes, the physicochemical indicators of kudzu root also include a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, luteolin, and rutin.

[0037] In some implementations, the detection module includes a high-performance liquid chromatograph and a mass spectrometer, and the data processing module includes computer programs with built-in entropy weighting and TOPSIS methods.

[0038] In some implementation schemes, the method or the evaluation device described herein is used in the quality evaluation of kudzu. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 The image shows the PCA score of the kudzu root samples; c represents wild kudzu root, and f represents powdered kudzu root.

[0040] Figure 2 The high-performance liquid chromatogram of the puerarin standard (concentration 80 mg / L) is obtained based on the method for determining puerarin content as described in the pharmacopoeia.

[0041] Figure 3 Chromatograms of myricetin extracted using different columns; a: Hypersil GOLD (150×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) HPLC column; b: ACQUITY BEH C18 (2.1×100 mm, 2.6 μm) HPLC column.

[0042] Figure 4 Chromatograms of quercetin extraction ions under different mobile phases; a: 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V a: Acetonitrile; b: Water-methanol; c: 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution V / V )-Methanol.

[0043] Figure 5Chromatograms of extracts of luteolin and kaempferol under different mobile phases; a: 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V a: Acetonitrile; b: Water-methanol; c: 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol V / V ).

[0044] Figure 6 Chromatograms of myricetin extraction ions under different mobile phases; a: 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V a: Acetonitrile; b: Water-methanol; c: 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol V / V ).

[0045] Figure 7 Chromatograms of quercetin extraction ions under different elution programs; a: elution program 1; b: elution program 2.

[0046] Figure 8 This is the extracted ion chromatogram of flavonoids with an injection volume of 2 μL.

[0047] Figure 9 This is the extracted ion chromatogram of flavonoids with an injection volume of 5 μL.

[0048] Figure 10 This is the extracted ion chromatogram of flavonoids with an injection volume of 10 μL.

[0049] Figure 11 Extraction ion chromatograms of puerarin, daidzein, and daidzein as single and mixed standards; a: puerarin single standard; b: daidzein single standard; c: puerarin and daidzein mixed standard.

[0050] Figure 12 Extraction ion chromatograms of luteolin and kaempferol single and mixed standards; a: luteolin single standard; b: kaempferol single standard; c: luteolin and kaempferol mixed standard.

[0051] Figure 13 Chromatograms of puerarin and daidzein extracted under different scanning modes; a: negative ion scanning mode; b: positive ion scanning mode; c: positive ion / negative ion switching scanning mode.

[0052] Figure 14 Chromatograms of quercetin extraction ions under different scanning modes; a: negative ion scanning mode; b: positive ion scanning mode; c: positive ion / negative ion switching scanning mode. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The following specific embodiments further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention. These specific embodiments do not represent a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Non-essential modifications and adjustments made by others based on the concept of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] The reagents and equipment used in this invention are as follows: Main materials and reagents: Standards of flavonoids: puerarin, isoliquiritin, quercetin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, rutin, luteolin, myricetin, dihydromyricetin, quercetin, naringin, phlorizin, kaempferol: purity ≥98%, purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Methanol, formic acid: chromatographic grade, purchased from Fisher Scientific, USA; Ethanol: analytical grade, purchased from Tianjin Fuyu Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.; Experimental samples were commercially available kudzu root, and all experimental water was ultrapure water.

[0055] Major instruments and equipment: Q Exactive Focus high-resolution mass spectrometer: purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA; UltiMate 3000 ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph: purchased from Dionex, USA; Hypersil GOLD column: 150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm, purchased from Themo Fisher Scientific, USA; QT-1 vortex mixer: purchased from Shanghai Qite Analytical Instruments Co., Ltd.; SB5200DT ultrasonic cleaner: purchased from Ningbo Xinzhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; MS205DU 0.01% electronic balance: purchased from METTLER TOLEDO, USA; A3S-05-05-CE ultrapure water system: purchased from Millipore, USA; 5810R high-speed refrigerated centrifuge: purchased from Eppendorf, Germany.

[0056] Preparation of standard solutions: Preparation of stock solutions: Accurately weigh an appropriate amount of standard into a 50 mL volumetric flask, use methanol as solvent, prepare a stock solution with a concentration of 100 mg / L, and store it in a refrigerator at 4℃ for later use.

[0057] Preparation of standard series solutions: Dilute the stock solution with methanol to prepare a series of standard solutions with concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 1000 μg / L, and store them in a refrigerator at 4℃ for later use.

[0058] In this article, "physicochemical indicators" are equivalent to "quality evaluation indicators," referring to the flavonoid content data used to evaluate the quality of kudzu root, including the quantitative detection results of puerarin, isoglycoside, quercetin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, rutin, luteolin, myricetin, dihydromyricetin, quercetin, naringin, phlorizin, and kaempferol.

[0059] In this paper, "PCA" refers to Principal Component Analysis, a chemometric method that transforms multiple evaluation indicators into a few principal components through dimensionality reduction to visualize differences between samples. In this paper, PCA is used to analyze the content data of flavonoid compounds in kudzu root from different origins and extract principal components to assess the quality distribution patterns.

[0060] In this paper, the "entropy weight method" refers to a method for determining the weights of each quality evaluation index based on the information entropy theory, by calculating the dispersion of each index and assigning weights accordingly.

[0061] In this paper, the "TOPSIS method" refers to a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method. By calculating the distance between each scheme and the "optimal scheme" (positive ideal solution) and the "worst scheme" (negative ideal solution), it determines which scheme is closest to the ideal solution, thereby determining the ranking of the schemes.

[0062] In this article, Ej "Refers to the first" j The information entropy of each quality evaluation indicator is calculated using the entropy weight method, reflecting the degree of dispersion of the indicator data.

[0063] In this article, Wj "Refers to the first" j The weights of each evaluation indicator are determined by the entropy weight method. Ej The values ​​are calculated and used to quantify the relative importance of each indicator in the quality evaluation of kudzu.

[0064] In this article, X "Refers to the original data matrix," Xij " indicates the first i Kudzu root samples from various production areas were in the first... j The raw content data for each quality evaluation indicator.

[0065] In this article, Y "This refers to the normalized quality assessment matrix, based on the original data matrix." X The calculations are used to eliminate the influence of dimensions and ensure that the data of each evaluation index are on the same scale.

[0066] In this article, Z "Refers to the normalized matrix," Zij " indicates the first i The first place of origin j The weighted standard value of the physicochemical index.

[0067] In this article, V "" refers to the weighted standard matrix, after processing by the entropy weighting method. Zij With weight WjThe combined result represents the standardized and weighted index value; Vj + "Indicates the first j The theoretical optimal solution value for each evaluation index, i.e., the weighted standard matrix Vij The optimal value for this indicator was found in kudzu root samples from all producing areas in China; Vj - "Refers to the first" j The theoretical worst-case value for each evaluation index, i.e., the weighted standard matrix. Vij The worst value for this indicator was found among kudzu root samples from all producing regions in China.

[0068] In this article, D + i "" refers to the first i The distance between a sample from a specific production area and the ideal solution (the theoretical optimal solution) is used to measure the gap between the sample and the optimal quality. D - i "" refers to the first i The distance between a sample from a particular origin and the negative ideal solution (the theoretical worst-case scenario) is used to measure the difference between the sample and the worst quality.

[0069] In this article, Ci "" refers to the first i The relative proximity (closeness) value of each sample is used to reflect how close the sample is to the optimal solution. Ci A higher value indicates a better sample quality.

[0070] Example 1 Chromatographic Methods and Validation I. Chromatographic conditions The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions used in this embodiment are as follows: Hypersil GOLD column (150 × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm); column temperature: 30℃; injection volume: 2 μL; mobile phase: aqueous phase (A) 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (… V / V The organic phase (B) was methanol; the flow rate was 0.2 mL / min; the gradient elution program is shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1 Gradient elution program

[0072] The mass spectrometry conditions used were as follows: ionization mode: electrospray ionization with positive / negative ion switching; spray voltage: 3.5 kV; sheath gas: 35 psi; auxiliary gas: 5 arb; ion source heating temperature: 300 °C; ion transmission tube temperature: 350 °C; scanning mode: Full MS / dd-MS 2Scanning range: 100m / z~800m / z; First-level scan resolution: 90000; Second-level scan resolution: 60000.

[0073] The above method was used to analyze the flavonoid standards. The information of each analyte compound and the high-resolution mass spectrometry parameters are shown in Table 2 below.

[0074] Table 2 Mass spectrometry parameters of flavonoids

[0075] II. Method Validation (1) Regarding the linear range, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation of the detection method constructed in this invention. To examine the linearity of the detection method constructed in this invention, standard working curves for each target analyte were plotted with the peak area of ​​the quantitative ion as the ordinate and the mass concentration of the standard solution as the abscissa. The specific results are shown in Table 3, indicating good linearity. The limit of detection (LOD) was defined as the concentration corresponding to a quantitative ion signal-to-noise ratio (S / N) of 3, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was defined as S / N = 10.

[0076] Table 3. Linear equations, linear ranges, correlation coefficients, limits of detection, and limits of quantitation for flavonoids.

[0077] Note: Y: peak area; X: target concentration, μg / L.

[0078] (2) Precision and recovery rate of the detection method constructed in this invention The precision and recovery of the detection method were investigated by sample spiking. Commercially available kudzu root extract was used as the spiked sample, with spike levels of 100 μg / L and 200 μg / L, and analysis was performed according to the above method. The preparation and detection of the kudzu root extract included the following steps: (1) Hot reflux extraction: Accurately weigh 1.0g of pulverized kudzu root into a 250mL conical flask, add 30.0mL of 50% ethanol aqueous solution, and reflux extract at 70℃ for 50min. The material-liquid ratio is 1:30 (g / mL).

[0079] (2) Centrifugation: Centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min to obtain supernatant.

[0080] (3) Dilution and filtration: Dilute the supernatant with methanol to the concentration required for testing, and then filter it through a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane to obtain the test solution.

[0081] (4) Sample injection and detection: The test solution was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q / Orbitrap HRMS).

[0082] The actual content of the target compound in kudzu root is shown below: C (actual content) = V × C (determined concentration) × dilution factor / m, where C (actual content) is the content of the target compound in kudzu root, in μg / g; V is the total volume of the kudzu root extract, in L; C (determined concentration) is the concentration of the target compound in the sample solution, in μg / L; and m is the mass of kudzu root, in g. The results are shown in Table 4. The relative standard deviations of the determination results were all less than 7.16%, and the spiked recoveries ranged from 81.33% to 119.46%, meeting the detection requirements.

[0083] Table 4. Spiking precision and recovery results of flavonoids in kudzu root samples

[0084] Example 2: Analysis of Kudzu Root Samples I. Actual Sample Testing Flavonoids were extracted and analyzed from kudzu root samples of different varieties and origins using the kudzu root extract preparation method and quantitative detection method described in Example 1. Sample information is detailed in Table 5. The content levels of flavonoids in different varieties of samples were compared and analyzed, as shown in Tables 6 and 7. The total flavonoid content detected in *Pueraria lobata* was in the range of 3000–8000 μg / g, while the total flavonoid content detected in *Pueraria lobata* was in the range of 50000–13000 μg / g, indicating a significant difference in flavonoid content levels among different kudzu root varieties.

[0085] Table 5. Information on Kudzu Root Samples

[0086] Table 6. Results of flavonoid content in kudzu root samples from different origins.

[0087] Table 7. Results of flavonoid content in Pueraria lobata samples from different origins.

[0088] Chemometrics Research: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed using the MetaboAnalyst 6.0 online platform (official website https: / / www.metaboanalyst.ca / ) to visually observe the natural aggregation or segregation of samples, thereby determining the differences between groups. The analysis steps are as follows: 1. Select data type: via the Statistical Analysis module. 2. Upload data file: The data table is set with the variable name (compound name) in the first row and the sample name (origin) in the first column. 3. Data preprocessing: Normalize the samples to eliminate the influence of dimensions. 4. Select PCA analysis: Select multivariate statistical analysis to perform PCA analysis. 5. Results analysis: The score plot shows the distribution of samples on the principal components, reflecting the similarity / difference between samples; the variance explained rate shows the variance explained by each principal component, and the cumulative variance explained rate reflects the dimensionality reduction effect of PCA.

[0089] PCA models were established to measure the flavonoid content in kudzu root samples from 11 different origins. The PCA score plot is shown below. Figure 1 Two principal components were extracted using dimensionality reduction, with variance contribution rates of 74.6% and 20.4%, respectively, and a cumulative variance contribution rate of 95%. The extracted principal components contained the vast majority of the sample data, indicating that the method is comprehensive and reliable. The PCA score plot shows that there was no regular difference in content among the kudzu samples from 11 different origins, but significant differences existed between different varieties. Therefore, classifying kudzu quality by variety is more objective and accurate.

[0090] II. Construction of a Kudzu Root Quality Evaluation Method Based on Entropy Weight Method-TOPSIS Method Kudzu quality evaluation: The flavonoid content data is used as a quality evaluation index. The weight of each quality index is determined by the entropy weight method. The distance from each quality evaluation index to the optimal solution and the distance to the worst solution are calculated based on the TOPSIS method. The relative closeness of kudzu from different producing areas to the optimal solution is obtained as the basis for quality evaluation.

[0091] Entropy weight method was used to calculate weight values: for Pueraria lobata samples, puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, luteolin, and rutin were considered quality evaluation indicators with higher values, while for Pueraria pulverata samples, puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin were considered indicators with higher values, and the original data matrix was constructed. X ( X Contains multiple " Xij “” represents specific quality evaluation indicators for kudzu root, among which i Samples from different production areas, such as kudzu root from Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, are represented by 1, 2...n; jQuality evaluation indicators, such as puerarin content and daidzein content, are represented by 1, 2...m. Following formula (1), the original data for each quality evaluation indicator are normalized to obtain the normalized quality evaluation indicator matrix. Y Then, calculate the information entropy of each quality evaluation indicator according to formulas (2) and (3). E j and weight W j The results are shown in Table 8. Information entropy reflects the dispersion of the indicators. The greater the entropy, the smaller the dispersion of the quality evaluation indicators and the smaller their weights. From the calculation results in Table 8, it can be seen that the weights of the quality evaluation indicators for Pueraria lobata are: puerarin > genistein > daidzein = luteolin > daidzein > rutin; the weights of the quality evaluation indicators for Pueraria lobata are: genistein > puerarin > daidzein > daidzein = luteolin.

[0092]

[0093] Table 8. Weight Calculation Results Using Entropy Weight Method

[0094] TOPSIS method for calculating proximity and variety analysis: The weighted standard matrix is ​​obtained by entropy weighting according to formula (4). Z This allows us to determine the theoretically optimal scheme for each quality evaluation index among kudzu samples from all producing areas. Vj + ) and the theoretical worst-case scenario for each quality evaluation index among kudzu samples from all producing areas ( Vj - ). Calculate the distance from each quality evaluation index to the theoretical optimal solution (i.e., the distance to the positive ideal solution) according to formula (5). D + i The distance to the theoretically worst solution (i.e., the distance to the negative ideal solution). D - i The Euclidean proximity of the optimal solution ()) and the Euclidean proximity of the optimal solution () Ci The calculation results are shown in Table 9.

[0095]

[0096] Table 9 Evaluation Calculation Results of TOPSIS Method

[0097] according to C i The higher the value, the better the sample quality. [2]Kudzu root from Shaanxi Province ranks highly, while kudzu root from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region ranks highly, indicating good overall quality. Literature also reports that kudzu root from Shaanxi and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is of good quality. [3,4] .

[0098] Based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) and referring to its content determination method, puerarin content was used as the determination indicator to evaluate the quality of kudzu root (determination method reference: https: / / ydz.chp.org.cn / # / item?bookId=1&entryId=527). The puerarin standard solution (80 mg / L) was determined according to the puerarin content determination method recorded in the pharmacopoeia, and the results are as follows. Figure 2 As shown. This method exhibits good linearity in the range of 0.5–80 mg / L, with an instrumental analysis time of 30 minutes.

[0099] Next, the puerarin content of different origins and varieties was determined using the pharmacopoeia method, and the results are shown in Table 10. The material-to-liquid ratio for kudzu root extraction using the pharmacopoeia method was 0.1:50 (g / mL). Among them, the highest puerarin content was found in kudzu root from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; the highest puerarin content was found in kudzu root from Shaanxi Province, which is consistent with the results obtained by the method of this invention.

[0100] Table 10 Results of puerarin content determination in kudzu root samples from different origins and varieties based on pharmacopoeia method.

[0101] Optimization of the extraction method in Comparative Example 1 Based on differences in their mechanisms of action, the extraction methods for flavonoids from kudzu root are mainly classified into three categories: physical extraction, chemical extraction, and biological extraction. In actual production, physical extraction is the most commonly used method. This study compared and analyzed the effects of ultrasonic extraction and hot reflux extraction on the extraction efficiency of flavonoids from kudzu root.

[0102] Ultrasonic extraction: Weigh 1g of pulverized kudzu root and add 50% ethanol aqueous solution as extraction solvent at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g / mL). After ultrasonic extraction for 50 min, centrifuge at 8000 r / min for 50 min and collect the supernatant. Hot reflux extraction: Weigh 1g of pulverized kudzu root and add 50% ethanol aqueous solution as extraction solvent at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g / mL). V / V The extraction solvent was used, and the mixture was extracted at 70℃ for 50 min, followed by centrifugation at 8000 r / min for 5 min. The supernatant was then collected. The results are shown in Table 11. The hot reflux extraction method was superior to the ultrasonic extraction method.

[0103] Table 11 Comparative Analysis of Different Extraction Processes

[0104] Comparative Example 2: Optimization of Extraction Solvent Using kudzu root as the research object and ethanol solution as the extraction solvent, the effects of different volume fractions of ethanol solution (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on the extraction efficiency of flavonoids were investigated according to the complete experimental operation analysis steps. The results are shown in Table 12. The extraction efficiency of the target compound was the highest when using 50% ethanol solution as the extraction solvent. Therefore, using 50% ethanol solution as the extraction solvent can achieve better detection results.

[0105] Table 12 Comparative analysis of the extraction effects of different extraction solvents on flavonoids from kudzu root

[0106] Comparative Example 3: Optimization of Feed-to-Liquid Ratio Using kudzu root as the research object, a 50% ethanol solution ( V / V Using the same method as in Example 1, the effects of different material-to-liquid ratios (1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50) on the extraction efficiency of flavonoids from kudzu root were investigated. The results are shown in Table 13. The extraction efficiency increased with increasing solvent ratio, but excessively high solvent ratios increased costs. A material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 resulted in high extraction efficiency and good reproducibility. Considering cost, a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 was chosen.

[0107] Table 13 Comparative analysis of the extraction effect of flavonoids from kudzu root by different material-liquid ratios

[0108] Comparative Example 4: Extraction Temperature Optimization Using kudzu root as the research object, a 50% ethanol solution ( V / V Using reflux temperature (50℃, 60℃, 70℃, 80℃, and 90℃) as the extraction solvent, the same method as in Example 1 was employed to investigate the effect of reflux temperature on the extraction efficiency of flavonoids from kudzu root. The results are shown in Table 14. The extraction efficiency was higher when the reflux temperature was 70℃. Further increases in temperature slightly increased the extraction efficiency, but considering energy consumption, a reflux temperature of 70℃ was chosen.

[0109] Table 14 Comparative analysis of the extraction effects of different extraction temperatures on flavonoids from kudzu root

[0110] Comparative Example 5: Extraction Time Optimization Using kudzu root as the research object, a 50% ethanol solution ( V / VUsing as the extraction solvent, the same method as in Example 1 was employed to investigate the effects of different extraction times (30 min, 50 min, 70 min, 90 min, and 100 min) on the extraction efficiency of flavonoids from kudzu root. The results are shown in Table 15. When the extraction time exceeded 50 min, there was no significant change in extraction efficiency. Considering the time-sensitivity, an extraction time of 50 min was selected.

[0111] Table 15 Comparative analysis of the extraction effects of different extraction times on flavonoids from kudzu root

[0112] Comparative Example 6: Investigation of Liquid Chromatography Columns Using a 100 μg / L standard solution as the research object, the chromatographic column was optimized following all experimental procedures. The effects of the ACQUITY BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.6 μm) and Hypersil GOLD (150 × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) HPLC columns on the separation of flavonoids were analyzed and compared. The experimental results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, under the ACQUITY BEH C18 (2.1×100mm, 2.6 μm) liquid chromatography column, myricetin showed a poor peak shape and low response, with a tailing effect before elution. Under the Hypersil GOLD (150×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) liquid chromatography column, flavonoids showed good peak shapes.

[0113] Comparative Example 7: Investigation of the Mobile Phase Using a 100 μg / L standard solution as the research object, the mobile phase was optimized by following all experimental operation and analysis steps, and compared with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Acetonitrile, water-methanol, 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution V / V The effect of 1-methanol on the chromatographic peak response of flavonoids. Experimental results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, quercetin in a 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Both acetonitrile and water-methanol as mobile phases exhibited tailing phenomena; for example Figure 5 As shown, luteolin and kaempferol in a 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Acetonitrile and water-methanol cannot be separated under these conditions as mobile phases and exhibit tailing phenomena; for example Figure 6 As shown, myricetin in 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Tailing occurred in both acetonitrile and water-methanol as mobile phases. Fourteen flavonoids exhibited tailing in 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. V / V When methanol is used as the mobile phase, the peak shape is good and the response is the highest.

[0114] Comparative Example 8: Investigation of Gradient Elution Procedure Using a 100 μg / L standard solution as the research object, the separation of the analyte under different gradient elution programs was investigated by following all the experimental operation and analysis steps. The parameters of the different gradient elution programs for this comparative example are detailed in Table 16. The results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the quercetin peak bifurcated under elution program 2. It should be noted that the elution program in the above embodiments of the present invention is the optimal mobile phase elution program for the analysis of all analytes under these conditions, determined through experimental trial and error.

[0115] Table 16 Parameters for Elution Procedures with Different Gradients

[0116] Comparative Example 9: Selection of Injection Volume Using a 100 μg / L standard solution as the research object, the injection volume was optimized by following all experimental procedures. The chromatographic peak responses of flavonoids were compared when the injection volume was 2 μL, 5 μL, and 10 μL. The experimental results are as follows: Figure 8-10 As shown, the values ​​of the target compounds increased with increasing injection volume. When the injection volume was 5 μL, the two isomers of puerarin and daidzein could not be completely separated, affecting accurate quantification, and the peak of dihydromyricetin showed a leading-edge tailing phenomenon. When the injection volume was 10 μL, all compounds showed leading-edge tailing. When the injection volume was 2 μL, the peak shapes of flavonoids were better.

[0117] Comparative Example 10: Qualitative Confirmation of Isomers Using a 100 μg / L standard solution as the research object, the isomers were qualitatively identified by following all experimental and analytical procedures. Puerarin and daidzein, as well as luteolin and kaempferol, are isomers with the same quantitative ion; therefore, qualitative identification can only be performed by retention time. The extracted ion chromatograms of single and mixed standards are shown below. Figure 11 , 12 As shown, compounds that are isomers have different elution times, so qualitative identification can be achieved by quantitatively determining the retention time of ion elution peaks.

[0118] Comparative Example 11: Investigation of Scanning Modes This comparative example used a 100 μg / L standard solution as the research object and employed the same method as in Example 1 to investigate the scanning modes, comparing the quantitative ion response intensity of the target analyte in negative ion scanning mode, positive ion scanning mode, and positive / negative ion switching scanning mode. The results are as follows: Figure 13As shown, daidzein exhibits a low response in negative ion scanning mode. Puerarin, being an isomer of daidzein, shares the same quantitative ion and has similar peak times, which may affect the accurate quantification of daidzein. Figure 14 As shown, quercetin exhibits a double peak in positive ion scanning mode. All flavonoids show better peak shape and higher response in positive / negative ion switching scanning mode; therefore, positive / negative ion switching scanning mode was selected.

[0119] In the positive / negative ion switching scanning mode, the system automatically and rapidly switches between positive and negative ionization modes based on the characteristics of different compounds. This allows for the simultaneous detection of compounds that respond well in both positive and negative modes in a single analysis, significantly improving analytical efficiency. The quantitative ion addition form of the target analyte is primarily [M+H]. + [MH] - The response of the target analyte to different addition ion forms in the two forms is shown in Table 17. The addition ion with the higher response is selected as the quantitative ion.

[0120] Table 17 Comparative Analysis of Responses to Different Additive Ion Forms under Positive / Negative Ion Switching Scan Mode

[0121] References [1] Liu Yanan, Liu Pan, Zhang Qian, et al. Determination of puerarin content in wild kudzu, kudzu root powder and kudzu root decoction granules by high performance liquid chromatography [J]. Journal of Yantai University (Natural Science and Engineering Edition), 2018, 31(04):354-357. [2] Fan Lanlan, Jiang Manjing, Wu Qiulian, et al. Study on quality evaluation of sweet tea based on fingerprint spectrum and multi-index component quantitative combined with chemometrics and entropy weight TOPSIS [J]. Chinese Medicinal Herbs, 2025, (10): 2535-2541. [3] Li Zongmin, Zhu Haodong, Yu Dan, et al. Study on the quality of medicinal materials in the main producing areas of kudzu [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2019, 25(14):76-79. [4] Tan Zhien, Wu Fangfang, Zhang Mengli, et al. Determination of total flavonoid content in germplasm resources of wild kudzu and kudzu root from different producing areas in Guangxi [J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2021, 48(21):159-161. It is understood that this invention has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. Furthermore, under the teachings of this invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. Therefore, this invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this invention are within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the quality of kudzu root, characterized in that, The quality of kudzu root is evaluated based on its physicochemical indicators, which include the content of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin.

2. The evaluation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The physicochemical indicators of kudzu root also include the content of rutin; Preferably, when the kudzu root is kudzu root powder, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root are selected from a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin. Preferably, when the kudzu root is *Pueraria lobata*, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root are selected from a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, luteolin, and rutin.

3. The evaluation method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The quality evaluation results of kudzu were obtained by combining the entropy weight method-TOPSIS method with the physicochemical indicators of kudzu.

4. The evaluation method as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The evaluation method includes the following steps: (a) Obtain the physicochemical properties of kudzu root; (b) Based on the physicochemical indices of kudzu obtained in step (a), construct the original data matrix. X The original data matrix is ​​normalized to construct a normalized quality evaluation matrix. Y ; (c) The normalized quality assessment matrix obtained in step (b) Y The weights of the physicochemical indicators of each kudzu root in the normalized quality evaluation matrix are calculated using the entropy weight method. (d) Based on the weights of the physicochemical indicators of kudzu obtained in step (c), the TOPSIS method was used to analyze the quality of kudzu. Preferably, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root include the content of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin. Preferably, the physicochemical properties of the kudzu root also include the content of rutin; Preferably, when the kudzu root is kudzu root powder, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root are selected from a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin. Preferably, when the kudzu root is *Pueraria lobata*, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root are selected from a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, luteolin, and rutin.

5. The evaluation method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the physicochemical properties of kudzu in step (a) includes the following steps: (1) Place kudzu root in a solvent for reflux extraction; (2) Centrifuge to obtain the supernatant; (3) Dilute the supernatant, filter, and obtain the test solution; (4) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the test solution was performed using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to obtain the physicochemical properties of kudzu root; Preferably, the reflux extraction temperature in step (1) is 60-90℃; Preferably, the reflux extraction time in step (1) is 40-70 min; Preferably, the solvent in step (1) includes ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, or water; Preferably, the volume fraction of the solvent in step (1) is 40%~100%; Preferably, in step (1), the mass / volume ratio of kudzu root to solvent is 1:20~1:40; Preferably, the centrifugation conditions in step (2) are 5000~10000 rpm for 4~20 min; Preferably, the filtration in step (3) includes treatment with an organic filter membrane of 0.22~0.45μm; Preferably, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions in step (4) include: a Hypersil GOLD column (150×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm); a column temperature of 25~35℃; an injection volume of 1~5 μL; a flow rate of 0.1~0.3 mL / min; and a mobile phase consisting of an aqueous phase: 0.05%~0.15% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and an organic phase: methanol (B). Preferably, the gradient elution program for the high-performance liquid chromatography is as follows: The flow rate was 0.2 mL / min, from 0.0 min to 1.0 min, and the mobile phase A was a 95% aqueous formic acid solution. V / V Mobile phase B is 5% methanol ( V / V ); 1.0 min~5.0 min, flow rate of 0.2 mL / min, mobile phase A is 5% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Mobile phase B is 95% methanol. V / V ); 5.0 min~8.0 min, flow rate of 0.2 mL / min, mobile phase A is 5% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Mobile phase B is 95% methanol. V / V ); 8.0 min ~ 11.0 min, flow rate of 0.2 mL / min, mobile phase A is 95% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Mobile phase B is 5% methanol ( V / V ); 11.0 min~12.0 min, flow rate of 0.2 mL / min, mobile phase A is 95% formic acid aqueous solution ( V / V Mobile phase B is 5% methanol ( V / V ); Preferably, the mass spectrometry conditions include: electrospray ionization positive / negative ion switching mode; spray voltage 3.0~4.0 kV; sheath gas: 30~40 psi; auxiliary gas: 1~10 arb; ion source heating temperature: 250~350℃; ion transmission tube temperature: 330~370℃; scanning mode: Full MS / dd-MS 2 Scanning range: 100m / z~800m / z; Primary scan resolution: 50000~90000; Secondary scan resolution: 20000~60000.

6. The evaluation method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The normalized quality evaluation matrix in step (b) Y Obtained through formula (1): （1）； The method for obtaining the weights of the physicochemical indicators of kudzu in step (c) includes the following steps: Based on the normalized quality evaluation matrix Y The information entropy of the physicochemical indicators of each kudzu root is calculated using equation (2). Ej : （2）； Based on the information entropy of the physicochemical indicators of each kudzu root, the weights of the physicochemical indicators of each kudzu root are calculated using equation (3). Wj : （3）； in, X The original data matrix, Xij Represented as the first i Kudzu from a specific production area j Individual physicochemical indicators i =1,2,3,……,n; j =1,2,3,……,m; n is the total number of kudzu samples; m is the total number of physicochemical indicators; max( Xij ) represents the first element in the original data matrix. j The maximum value of each physicochemical index among kudzu roots from all producing areas; min( Xij ) represents the first element in the original data matrix. j The physicochemical indicators are the lowest among kudzu roots from all producing areas.

7. The evaluation method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The quality analysis of kudzu root using the TOPSIS method in step (d) includes the following steps: The weighted standard matrix is ​​obtained according to formula (4). V : （4）； According to the weighted standard matrix V Determine the theoretical optimal solution value among kudzu root samples from all producing areas. Vj + The theoretical worst-case scenario value among kudzu root samples from all origins Vj - ; Theoretical optimal solution value based on kudzu root samples from all origins. Vj + The theoretical worst-case scenario value among kudzu root samples from all origins Vj - According to formula (5), the physicochemical indicators of kudzu from each producing area and the distance from the optimal solution are calculated respectively. D + i Distance from the worst solution D - i And the Euclidean proximity of the optimal solution Ci : (5)； in, Z For a standardized matrix, Zij Represented as the first i The first place of origin j Standard values ​​for the physicochemical indicators; V For a weighted standardized matrix, Vij Represented as the first i The first place of origin j The weighted standard value of the physicochemical index; based on Ci To evaluate the quality of kudzu root, Ci The larger the kudzu root, the better its quality.

8. A method for evaluating the origin of kudzu root, characterized in that, The evaluation results of the kudzu origin are obtained by any one of the evaluation methods described in claims 1-7.

9. A device for evaluating the quality of kudzu root, characterized in that, The evaluation device includes: The data acquisition module is used to collect physicochemical index data of kudzu root samples; The data processing module, in conjunction with the entropy weight method, normalizes the physicochemical index data of the kudzu root to obtain normalized physicochemical index data of the kudzu root, and calculates the weight of the physicochemical index data of each kudzu root. The evaluation module, combined with the TOPSIS method, calculates the relative similarity of kudzu samples based on normalized physicochemical index data and weights, and outputs the quality grade or ranking results. Preferably, the physicochemical indicators of the kudzu root include the content of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin. Preferably, the physicochemical properties of the kudzu root also include the content of rutin; Preferably, the physicochemical indicators of kudzu root also include a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, and luteolin. Preferably, the physicochemical indicators of kudzu root also include a combination of the contents of puerarin, daidzein, daidzein, genistein, luteolin, and rutin. Preferably, the data acquisition module includes a high-performance liquid chromatograph and a mass spectrometer, and the data processing module includes computer programs with built-in entropy weight method and TOPSIS method.

10. The application of the evaluation method as described in any one of claims 1-8 or the evaluation device as described in claim 9 in the quality evaluation of kudzu.

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